ИЗ ГЛУБИНЫ ГЛУБИН. Большая книга рассказов о морском змее
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Морской змей спасает команду
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С. Ефимов. «Морские змеи»
Я. Голованов. Где живет «морской змей»?
К о м м е н т а р и и

Автор: Шерман А.  

Теги: фантастика   художественная литература   путешествия   приключения  

Год: 2020

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Текст
                    ǰǯ ǫdzǻǩǰǵȃ
ǫdzǻǩǰǵ
ǩȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ
Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ
ǹȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȐ
Ǩ. ȀǭǸǴǨǵǨ
Salamandra P.V.V.


ǰȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȋȓțȉȐȕ ǩȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȗ ȔȖȘș-
ȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ CȖșȚ Ȑ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕȈ ǩȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ
. —
ǩ Ȕ Salamandra P.V.V., 2020. — 550 ș Ȑȓȓ — (Polaris:
ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ).
©Ǫ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȏȖȘȕȣȍ ȚȘțȉȣ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȘȈș-
ȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ș ȌȦȎȐȕȖȑ ȘȧȌȖȊ ȖșȚȘȣȝ ȒȓȣȒȖȊ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ ȗȖ ȉȖȒȈȔ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȕȈ
ȠȍșȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȜțȚȖȊ...»
ǮȐȊȖȍ ȐșȒȖȗȈȍȔȖȍ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȑ ȒȘȐȗȚȐȌ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȋȍȘȖȑ ȔȐȜȖȊ Ȑ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ ȐȓȐ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȓȓȍȒ-
ȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ țȎȈșȈ — ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȕȍ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȓȐȚȍ-
ȘȈȚțȘț ȕȖȊȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ǫ țȕȐȒȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ ©ǰȏ ȋȓțȉȐ-
ȕȣ ȋȓțȉȐȕª șȖȉȘȈȕȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȍ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋ  ȓȍȚ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȍȕȣ
ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ Ǫ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȧȚșȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȍ Ȑ
ȎțȘȕȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȐ XIX-XX ȊȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȔȍȓȖ ȖȚ-
ȕȍșȚȐ Ȓ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȏȍ ǰȏȌȈȕȐȍ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȖ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȔ-
ȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȧȔȐ
ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ©ǩȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈª ȊȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ ȊȍșȤ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ ȖȌȕȖȐ-
ȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȊțȝȚȖȔȕȐȒȈ  ȋ Ȑ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȍȕȈ ȗȧȚȤȦ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ-
ȔȐ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȕȈȔ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ
ȏȔȍȍ 
 ǯȈȕȖȊȖ ȗȘȖșȔȖȚȘȍȕȣ Ȑ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ ȓȐȉȖ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ
ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȐ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȣ
© Authors, estate, 2020
© Translators, ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȣ, 2020
© A. Sherman, cȖșȚȈȊ, ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚ., 2020
© Salamandra P.V.V., ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ, 2020


ǰǯ ǫdzǻǩǰǵȃ
ǫdzǻǩǰǵ


ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȊȍȟȍȘȍȓȖ Ȑ șȚȈȌȖ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȑ
ȗȓȣȓȖ ȗȖ ȔȖȘȦ
Ǫ ǽȓȍȉȕȐȒȖȊ


ǼȠ ȟȜȟȠȎȐȖȠȓșȭ
ǰȏȌȈȕȐȍ ǰȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȋȓțȉȐȕ ǩȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȗ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ ȊȍșȤ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ ȖȌȕȖȐȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȊțȝȚȖȔȕȐȒȈ
ȊȣȗțȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȔȐ Ȋ  ȋ ȚȖȔ II ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȌȊțȔȧ
ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȔȐ

ǨȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȧ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȍȕȈ ȗȧȚȤȦ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȊȣȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ǵ ǫ ǫȈȘȐȕȈ-ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊș-
ȒȖȋȖ ǬȖȗȖȚȖȗȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȌȈȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ  ȋ — ȗȍȘȊȖȍ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȖȍ ȕȈȔ ȘțșșȒȖȍ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ.
ǯȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍ ȗȘȖȐȓȓȦșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏ țȒȘȈȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ ǫ ǫȈșȍȕȒȖ ǴȖȘșȒȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ (1920),
ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȔ ǷȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȑ ǴȖșȒȊȣ ǫ ǨȓȍȒ-
șȍȍȊȣȔ Ȑ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȦ Ȋ ȜȈȒșȐȔȐȓȤȕȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ
ǸȈȕȍȍ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȌȊțȝȚȖȔȕȐȒȍ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȐ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȍ
ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȕȖȊȖ ȗȘȖșȔȖȚȘȍȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȌȖȗȖȓ-
ȕȍȕȣ ȓȐȉȖ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ
Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕ
ȧȕȊȈȘȤ 


ǿǨǹǺȄ
ǷǭǸǪǨȇ


ǰȚȓȟȠȜ ȝȞȓȒȖȟșȜȐȖȭ
DZȖșȏȓȞȠ ǸȖȠ ȅȓȟȠȓȞȠȜț
ȅȁDzǼǰǶȇǮ Ƕ ȅȁDzǼǰǶȇdz
ǶǺdzǻȁdzǺǼdz ȅdzǹǼǰdzǸ


11
Ǫ ȥȚȐ ȌȕȐ Ȋșȧ ȗȘȍșșȈ ȉțȘȓȐȚ Ȑ ȉțȓȤȒȈȍȚ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȗȘȐ-
ȠȍșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ǿț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȐȚȈȍȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȐȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȓțȟȠȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȍȔț ȖȌȕȖȔț
 ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȖȏȍȘȈ dzȖȝ-ǵȍșș Ǵȕȍ
ȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȉțȌȤ ȖȕȖ ȐȓȐ
ȕȍȚ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȔ dzȖȝ-ǵȍșșȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȣȔ ȎȐ-
ȚȍȓȍȔ ǼȓȐȚ-șȚȘȐȚ ǩȍȏ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ ȥȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȉȘȖȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ ȟțȌȐȡȍ — ȊȍȌȤ ȖȕȖ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȖ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȕȍȐȔțȡȍȔț ȎțȘ-
ȕȈȓȐșȚț ȚȐșȕțȚȤ ȚțȚ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȈȉȏȈȞȍȊ Ǫ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚ-
Ȋȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ șȚȐȝȈȝ ȒȕȐȋȐ ǰȖȊȈ ȖȕȖ ȒȐȗȧȚȐȚ ȗțȟȐȕț
ȒȈȒ ȒȖȚȍȓ ȌȈ Ȑ șȈȔȖ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȖȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȒȐȗȧȡȐȝ
șȚȘȖȒ dzȐȟȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ Șȍ-
ȠȐȚșȧ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ǵȍȕȧ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ șȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȚȈȒȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȔț ȐȏȊȐȓȐșȚȖȔț șȓȍȌț ǪȍȓȐȒȖ-
ȋȖ ǴȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ǯȔȍȧ ȇ ȕȍ șȒȓȖȕȍȕ ȚȈȒ țȎ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȘȍȟȤ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȚ Ȗȉ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍ șȖȊ-
șȍȔ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋșȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȚ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȍ
șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȓȐ
Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ — ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ǵȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȐȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖ-
ȊȐȡȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȔȖȋ-
ȓȖ ȉȣ ȏȈȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȔȖȕșȚȘȖȊ șȒȈȏȖȒ Ȑ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ ȅȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȐȔȍ-
ȕțȍȚșȧ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȋȖȘȉȖȊ ȘȖȋȖȊ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȝȊȖș-
ȚȖȊ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȕȈȌȍȓȧȦȚ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ
ȈȕȖȔȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȚȘȖșȚȖȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȑ ǫȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȈȘȖș-
Țȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȚ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȚșȧ ȕȍȒȐȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗ
ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ ǸȈȏțȔ ȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȟȍșȚȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ
Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ țșȒȖȓȤȏȈȦȡȐȔ Ȑ ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȟțȌȖ-
ȊȐȡȍ dzȖȝ-ǵȍșșȈ
ǩȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ șȒȍȗȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȒȈ ȗȐȠțȚ Ȗȉ ȖȏȍȘȕȖȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ
Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȐȘ-
ȘȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȔ Ȍțȝȍ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ș șȈȔȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ-
ȊȖ ȊȣȌȊȐȋȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȒȖȍ șȔțȚȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȈȡȐȍ ȐșȚȐȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȏȈȊȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȊșȦ ȌȐșȒțșșȐȦ Ȋ Țț-
ȗȐȒ ȥȚȖ șȔțȚȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȋȓȈșȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȌȐșȒțșșȐȧ ȗȖ-
șȊȧȡȍȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚț ȗȖȓțȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔț ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ șȚȈȚȍȑ ȕȈȗȐ-
șȈȕȕȈȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȖȔ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȈșȤ șȓȍȌțȦ-


12
ȡȍȑ ȜȘȈȏȖȑ ©ǶȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȥȚȐȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔ Ȗ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȈȝ ȐȓȐ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈȝª ǽȖȚȤ țȉȍȑȚȍ ȧ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț
ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȐșȚȐȟȕȍȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ șȓȐȏȕȧ Ǫ
ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ șȔȣșȓȍ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ — șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȐȉȖ ȚȈȑ-
ȕȈ ǹȖȏȌȈȚȍȓȧ ȚȈȐȚșȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ǭȋȖ ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧȝ ȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ
ȚȈȑȕȈ ȗȘȐșțȡȈ Ȑ ȔȍȓȤȟȈȑȠȍȑ ȒȘȍȊȍȚȒȍ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȟȍȕȕȖȑ Ȓț-
ȘȖȘȚȕȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ǴȈȘȋȍȑȚȍ ǹȈȔȈȧ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȈȧ ȏȔȍȧ Ȋ ȗțȟȐȕȍ ȔȖ-
Șȧ ȕȐȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈ ȟȍȔ șȈȔȈȧ ȒȘȖȠȍȟ-
ȕȈȧ ǸȈȏȔȍȘȣ ȚȈȒȐȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȗȓȈȊȈȦȡȐȝ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȋȓțȉȐ-
ȕȈȝ ȔȖȋțȚ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȔ ȕȈțȟȕȖȋȖ ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ Ȗȉ-
șțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈțȟȕȖȋȖ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖ-
Șȍ ȍșȚȤ Șȣȉȣ ȗȖȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȊȣȓȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȖȔ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȚțșȚȖȘȖȕȕȍȋȖ ǰ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȠȖȚȓȈȕȌșȒȖȋȖ ȖȏȍȘȈ ȐȓȐ ȋȌȍ-ȓȐȉȖ ȍȡȍ
ȖȉȐȚȈȍȚ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȍșȓȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȎȐȊȣȍ
șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣ
 ȕȍȚ ȕȐ șȓȍȌȈ DzȍȓȤȚșȒȐȝ ǹțȔȍȘȍȒ ȐȓȐ
ȋȓȈȔȖȘȈ ȋȥȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȊȍȌȖȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȧșȕȖȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ǭșȚȤ ȚȈȔ ȟț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ — ȊȖȗȘȖș ȓȐȠȤ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȝ ȕȈȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊ,
Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȥȚȐ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȍșȖȔȣ
ǰ ȏȌȍșȤ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȎț Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȖȔț șȊȖȑșȚȊț ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȉȘȍȓ ǸȈȏțȔ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȓ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ǸȈȏțȔȖȔ ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ș ȐȏȌȍȊȒȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ
șȓțȟȈȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ țȔȖȊ ȒȈȒȐȍ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ țȔȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ
ȖȉȓȈșȚȧȝ ȓțȟȠȐȔȐ ȕȈȠȐȔȐ țȔȈȔȐ ǰșȚȐȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȟȍȔ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ȗȖȉȍȌȣ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ
ȘȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȐȏȔȈ Ȕȣ țȌȈȟȕȖ ȒțȓȤȚȐȊȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȒȘȖ-
Ȕȍ ȘȈȏțȔȈ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ țȔȣ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȦȡȐȍșȧ țȔȣ
Ȉ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȍ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ țȔȣ ȗȘȐțȟȍȕȣ Ȓ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȖȕ-
ȒȖȔț ȊȖșȗȘȐȧȚȐȦ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȐ ȔțȏȣȒȐ ȐȓȐ ȓȈȕȌȠȈȜȚȖȊ ȖȕȐ
țȔȍȦȚ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȚȤ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȚȖȕȟȈȑȠȐȍ ȌȍȚȈȓȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȚ ǨȘȐșȚȖȚȍȓȧ
ȐȓȐ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǬȎȖȕșȖȕȈ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȌȖ ȈȘȋțȔȍȕȚȈȞȐȐ
ȌȖ ȟȍȚȒȐȝ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȌȖȊȖȌȖȊ ǨȘȐșȚȖȚȍȓȦ ȐȓȐ ȌȖȒ-
ȚȖȘț ǬȎȖȕșȖȕț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȗȈȓȐ Ȋ ȌȍȚșȒȐȑ șȈȌ.
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ǬȎȖȕșȖȕ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȉȣ ȟȚȖ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ
ȠȒȖȓȍ Ȍȓȧ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȚșȚȈȓȣȝ ǵȖ ȧ ȊȖȏȌȍȘȎțșȤ ȕȍ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ


13
ȗȘȍȊȏȖȑȚȐ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǬȎȖȕșȖȕȈ Ȋ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȈȝ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȈȝ ȧ
ȕȍ șȚȈȕț Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȕțȎȌȣ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȉȓțȎȌȍȕȐȧȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍțȊȍ-
ȓȐȟȍȕȐȧȔ dzȦȌȍȑ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ șȌȊȐȋȖȔ ȕȍ ȕȈȏȖȊȍȠȤ
ȋȓțȗȞȈȔȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ — ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ Ȑ ȐȏȖȡȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȐșȈ-
ȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȌȖ Ȑȝ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȝ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȑ Ȕȕȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ǵȖ ȖȕȐ
ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȊȣȊȖȌȐȚșȧ ȘȈȏțȔȕȖȍ ȏȈȒ-
ȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ǶȕȐ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȐ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ ȖȗȐ-
șȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ ȕȖ ȕȍ țȔȍȦȚ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȓȐȉȖ ȊȣȊȖȌȣ ǽțȌȖȎȕȐȒ-ȐȔȗȘȍșșȐȖȕȐșȚ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ
șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȝȖȓșȚȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȐȔȗȘȍșșȐȦ dzȖȝ-ǵȍșșȈ ȒȘȐ-
ȚȐȒ-ȐȔȗȘȍșșȐȖȕȐșȚ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ ȖȚȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȏȈȔȍȟȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȐȔȗȘȍșșȐȦ ȓȖȝ-ȕȍșșȒȖȋȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȗȘȖ-
șȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ șȖȖȚȕȍșȚȐ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ș ȗȘȈȊȌȖȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȔȖȎȍȚ ȥȚȖ
șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȖȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ șȖȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ Dz ȗȘȐȔȍȘț ȕȍȚ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȕȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȋȖ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȈ ȟȍȔ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǸȖȉȍȘȚ dzȐȕȌ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ Ȋ Țȍȝ șȓț-
ȟȈȧȝ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȚȐȒ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ǷȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ Ȗ ȔȐșȚȍȘȍ
ǻ ǩ DZȍȑȚșȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȌȈșȚ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȖȞȍȕȒț șȚȐȓȧ Ȑ ȔȈșȠ-
ȚȈȉȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ ǵȖ șȗȘȖșȐȚȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȓȐ
Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ DZȍȑȚșȈ Ȗ ȟȈȘȖȌȍȧȝ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ȐȓȐ
ȐȘȓȈȕȌșȒȐȝ ȜȍȑȘȐ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊȣȔȐ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȦșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ
Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȉȓȐȏȖȒ Ȓ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȑ ȕȈțȟȕȖȑ ȖȞȍȕȒȍ
ǭȋȖ șȚȈȚȤȧ Ȗ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ Ȑȏ dzȖȝ-ǵȍșșȈ Ȋ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȔ Ȋȣȗțș-
Ȓȍ ©ǵȤȦ ȒȘȖȕȐȒȓª ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȐȘțȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȘțȌȕȖțȓȖ-
ȊȐȔȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ǹȚȈȚȤȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȈȧ ȕȖ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȑ
Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȏȈ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
 ȒȖȔȗȓȍȒșȖȊ Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ Ȋȣ-
ȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣȑ ȏȌȘȈȊȣȑ șȔȣșȓ Ȗȕ ȏȈȧȊȓȧȍȚ ȟȚȖ șȊȐȌȍ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ șȖȚȕȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ — ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȏȌȘȈȊȖ-
ȔȣșȓȧȡȐȝ țȊȈȎȈȍȔȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȣȝ ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ — ȖȗȘȖ-
ȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȖ ǺȖ Ȏȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȗ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȔ ǴȖȘș-
ȒȖȔ ǯȔȍȍ ȟȐșȓȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȓȧȕțȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ
ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȖ țȎȍ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ șȖȚȕȐ ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ǷȘȖȚȐȊ-
ȕȈȧ șȚȖȘȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȕȍȌȊțșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȌȍȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȖȗȘȖȊȍȘȋ-
ȕțȚȤ ȥȚȐ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚ-
ȕȖȔț ȌȖȗȘȖșț ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȈȓȐȟȐȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȖ-
ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ — ȓȐȉȖ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȚȍȖȘȐȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȤșȧ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ.


ǵȖ ȕȈȠ ȒȘȐȚȐȒ șȟȐȚȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȈȘȋțȔȍȕȚȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȌȈȍȚ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȚȐȗȐȟȕȍȑ-
ȠȍȋȖ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȘȘȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȐȏȔȈ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ
ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ©ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȧ șȖȋȓȈȠțșȤ ȗȖȊȍ-
ȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȓȖȝ-ȕȍșșȒȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ
ȓȐȕȐȦ" ǭșȚȤ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȐșȚȖȘȐȑ Ȗ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈȝª
ǬȈȓȍȍ Ȗȕ ȌȍȓȐȚșȧ ȗȓȖȌȈȔȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȍȏȈțȘȧȌȕȖȑ ȕȈȟȐȚȈȕȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȧ ȕȈș ș șȈȔȣȔȐ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȔȐȓȍȑȠȐȔȐ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈȔȐ ȒȍȓȤȚșȒȖȑ ȐȓȐ șȒȈȕȌȐȕȈȊșȒȖȑ ȔȐȜȖȓȖȋȐȐ — Ȑ
ș ȔȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȘȍȠȐȔȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț șȗȐșȒț ȋȓȖȚȈȧ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȌȖ ȒȐȚȈ ȗȘȖȋȓȖ-
ȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ ǰȖȕț Ȑ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ ȟȚȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȗȖȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈȚȤ ǨȕȌ-
ȘȖȔȍȌȖȑ dzȦȉȖȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȘȎȍȕȍȞ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑ Ȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ dzȖ-
ȋȐȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȏțȟȈȓȐ șțȍȊȍȘȕȣȍ țȟȍȕȣȍ ǹȘȍȌȕȍ-
ȊȍȒȖȊȤȧ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȏȏȘȐȓșȧ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȍȕȐȍ
Ƕȕ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȣ ©dzȐȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȦȚșȧ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ǫȣ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȚȈȒȖ-
ȋȖ-ȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ șȖȚȕȧ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ ǿȍȔ
ȔȍȕȤȠȍ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ ȚȍȔ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ Ȋȣ ȊȍȘȐȚȍ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑȝ ȕȍȚ
Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȍ ȊȖȊșȍ ǪȈȔ ȕȍȏȈȟȍȔ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȈȉșȚȘȈȒȚȕȣȍ
ȈȗȘȐȖȘȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȧ ȔȍȎȌț ǹȍȔȐȋȓȈȊȣȔ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ǷȍȘ-
șȐȐ Ȑ ǹȍȔȐȋȓȈȊȣȔ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȇȗȖȕȐȐª ǷȘȈȊȌȈ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
ȒȘȐȚȐȒȈ ȐȏȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȊȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȏȈȉȓțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȒȖȍ șȔțȚȕȖȍ
ȖȗȈșȍȕȐȍ — ȌȍșȒȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȧȊ ȕȈ ȊȍȘț ȓȦȉțȦ ȗȖȌȖȉȕțȦ ȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȦ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȑȌȍȚ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț Ȑ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ
ȋȌȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȈ ȓȦȉȈȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȓȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ ȟțȌȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȉȈȕȒȕȖȚȈȔ
ȟțȌȍșȈ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȓȖȎȕȣȍ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ — ȕȍ ȟțȌȖ
ǪȍȘȕȖ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȝ șȒȈȏȒȈȝ ȕȈȘȧȌț ș ȊȖȓȠȍȉșȚȊȖȔ Ȕȣ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȔ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ǵȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȔȍȓȤȕȐȒȐ ȒȖȚȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȞȍșșȣ — ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȘȈȏ țȎ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȋ șȒȈȏȒȈȝ Ȋ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ ȋȖȉ-
ȓȐȕȖȊ Ȑ ȘțșȈȓȖȒ


ȂȞȓȒȓȞȖȘ ǺȎȞȞȖȓȠ
Ƕǵ ǾǼǺǮǻǮ ©ǺǻǼDZǼǿǸǮǵǼȅǻȉǷ ǽǮȆǮª
(1835)


16
ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ǫțȒȒȈȉȈȒȈ
«! ǶȚ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ ȕȈșȓȍȌȖȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȐȔțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȧ ȌȊȍ ȚȘȍȚȐ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ș
ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ Ȋ ǺțȓȖȕ
ǵȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȘțȠȈȓȖ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ șȟȈșȚȐȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ ǮȍȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ Ȗȝ-
ȓȈȌȐȓȖ ȔȖȍȑ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȕȖ ȍȡȍ țȗȘȖȟȐȓȖ ȍȍ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȕȣ
ȎȐȓȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖ Ȑ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ȋȖȌȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȧ ȟȚȖ țȎ
ȕȍȚ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȞȍȓȖȑ ȚȘȍȚȐ dzȦȉȖȊȤ ȔȖȧ Ȓ Ȏȍȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȈ
Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȌȖ ȕȐȡȍȚȣ Ȑ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȕțȎȕȣȍ
ȔȍȘȣ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȉțȌțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȇ șȚȈȓ ș ȕȍȦ șȖ-
ȊȍȚȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ǾȍȘȐȏȈ ȖȌȖȉȘȐȓȈ ȔȖȐ ȊȐȌȣ ȧ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȓ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȏȈȒțȗȐȓ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȊ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȖȚ-
ȌȈȓ ȍȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȎȐȚȐȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȘȈȉȓȤ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ǶșȚ-ǰȕȌȐȦ
ȇ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ ȚțȌȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȟȈșȚ-
ȓȐȊ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȈȝ ȇ țȎȍ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ șțȌȤȉȈ țȚȖ-
ȔȐȓȈșȤ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ ȏȕȈȧ ȍȍ ȓțȒȈȊșȚȊȖ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț
șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖȒȓȈȎȐ Ȍȓȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȋȘțȏȐȓ ȕȈ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȚȖȊ șȕȧȚȤșȧ ș ȧȒȖȘȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ
ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ Ȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ
șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ǴȍȒșȐȒȐ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȊȠȐȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȊȖ
ǼȘȈȕȞȐȦ Ƕȕ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȉȖȓȍȕ ǭȔț ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ;
ȧ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȔț șȊȖȐ țșȓțȋȐ; ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȣ; șȚȈȘȐȒ
ȊȣȏȌȖȘȖȊȍȓ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȌȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ ǵȍȌȍȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍ ȗȖ
ȖȚȗȓȣȚȐȐ Ȑȏ ǶșȚ-ǰȕȌȐȐ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ țȎȈșȕȣȑ țȘȈȋȈȕ
ȒȈȒȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ ǴȖȘȍ ȒȐȗȍȓȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȉȣȓ
ȚȈȒ șȐȓȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖșȚȈȚȤ ȍȔț
DzȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȉȘȖșȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȒ Ȑ Ȕȣ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ șȊȖȦ ȕȍȐȏ-
ȉȍȎȕȖȦ Dz șȟȈșȚȐȦ ȔȈȟȚȣ șȓȍȚȍȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ șȕȖȊȈ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȘȈȋȈȕ țȚȐȝ ȕȈȠȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȔȈȟȚ ȉȍȏ ȗȈȘțșȖȊ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȐ Ȕȣ
șȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȐȠȤ Ȑ ȕȈș ȕȍșȓȖ Țȍȟȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘ


17
ǶȌȕȐȔ țȚȘȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ș ȉȖȧȏȕȍȦ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȌȈȓȤ
Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȓȐȉȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ Ȕȣ ȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ,
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȚȤ.
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȕȣ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȉȖȟȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
Ȕȣ ȊȣȒȐȕțȓȐ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȐȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȔț-
ȓȐȉȖ țȚȖȕțȊȠȍȔț șțȌȕț ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐ Ȕȣ ȟȚȖ
ȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȏȔȍȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȓȣȊȧ ȖȚ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȌȖ
ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȔȐȓȤ Ȋ ȟȈș ȠȓȈ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȓȐȏȐȓȈșȤ Ȕȣ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȖ
șȚȖ ȜțȚȖȊ ȌȓȐȕȖȦ Ȑ ȚȖȓȡȐȕȖȦ ș ȋȘȖȚ-ȔȈȟȚț 74-ȗțȠȍȟȕȖȋȖ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ǷȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȜțȚȖȊ
Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȖȚȖȔ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȈ ȍȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ șȊȖȍ
ȉȣșȚȘȖȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȤȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȔȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȈș ȕȈȠȍȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ țȎȈș ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ Ȕȣ țȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȊȕȐȏ
ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȖșȤ Ȓ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȦ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ —
ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȉȣȓȐ ț ȕȈș ȍȡȍ ȔȈȟȚȣ — ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣ ȕȈȘȈȊȕȍ ș ȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȐȔȐ ȘȍȧȔȐ Ȑ ș ȊȣșȖȚȣ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ǷȖșȓȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȖȕȈ
ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȓȦȒ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȈ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȦ.
ǻȎȈș șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȚțȔȈȕȐȓ ȕȈș ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȐ,
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȚșȧ șȕȖȊȈ Ȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ț ȕȈș ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ
șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȖȉȍȏȖȗȈșȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ țȘȈȋȈȕȈ șȕȍ-
șȓȖ ș ȗȈȓțȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȐ Ȑ ȓȦȒȐ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȉȍȏțȚȍȠȕȍȍ
ȗȘȖȟȐȝ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȖȏȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȖ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȦșȤ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ǴȖȧ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ ǼȖȕșȍ-
ȒȈ ȧ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȑ șȣȕ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȏȕȈȚȕȖȑ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ Ȑ
ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȓșȧ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋȍȏț ș șȖȉȖȦ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȖȉȖ-
ȋȈȚȐȚȤ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȚȖ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȖșȟȈșȚȓȐȊȐȚȤ ȌȖȟȤ ȍȋȖ ǭș-
ȓȐ ȔȖȐ ȖȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȦȚșȧ ȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȟȍșȚȐ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȘȖșȤȉȣ ǷȍȘȍȌȈȑȚȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȧȡȐȟȍȒ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȍ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȐȓȐ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ ǪȖȚ Ȑȝ ȈȌȘȍș — ȊȖȚ Ȑ ȒȓȦȟ ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȔȖȍ ȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖ
ȍșȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ Ȉ Ȋȣ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ
ȊȈȔ: ȊȖȚ ȊȈȔ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ: ȖȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȈȔ Ȑ
ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȚșȧ


ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ șțȕȌțȟȖȒ; ȕȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔțȎ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍ-
ȔȧȕȕȐȞȣ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȟȘȍȏ ȚȖ ȓȐȠȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȈșȓȍȌ-
șȚȊȈ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒ țȕȐȏȐȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȦ ȊȣȑȌȧ ȏȈ-
ȔțȎ ȏȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖȋȖ ȒțȗȞȈ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȕȍ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȏȔȍȧ Ȋ
ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ șȕȖȊȈ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ǺȈȒȐȔ
ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȚȈșȒȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȌȊȈ ȐȓȐ
ȗȖ ȚȘȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȧ ǵȈ ȊȖșȤȔȖȑ
ȌȍȕȤ țȚȈȡȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȚȖ
ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȘȍȠȐȚșȧ ȔȖȧ țȟȈșȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ Ȑ
ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȐȚȧȋȐȊȈȚȤ Ȓ șȍȉȍ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȜțȚȖȊ
ǵȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȉȖȟȒȐ ș ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȕȖ-
ȊȖȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȍȏȓȐ Ȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȉȣ ȊȖ
ǼȘȈȕȞȐȦ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ țȘȈȋȈȕȈ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȚȘȍșȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔ ǽȖȚȧ ȖȕȈ țȎȍ șȖ-
ȊșȍȔ ȊȣȌȖȝȓȈșȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȧ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȈȒ
ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚț ȏȈȔȈȘȈȕȕȖȔț ȥȚȐȔ
ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȖȚȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȖȕȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ
ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍșȕȖșȕȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ Ȑȏ ȟȍȋȖ șȖș-
ȚȖȧȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȋȖȚȤ Ȑȏ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ țȋȓȧ. Ǵȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȓȐ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤ-
șȧ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȖșȚȈȊȈ" ȇ ȊȣȠȐȉ ȌȕȖ
ț ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȖȟȒȐ ȊȖȖȘțȎȐȓșȧ ȖȉȔȖȟȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ șȖșȚȈȊ ȔȍȚ-
ȓȖȦ Ȋȓȍȏ Ȋ ȉȖȟȒț Ȑ ș ȚȘȍȗȍȚȖȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ șțȌȤȉȣ șȊȖȍȑ.
ǯȔȍȧ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ DzȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșțȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȟȈșȚȤ
ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ Ȋ ȓȦȒ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ șȖ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȚȖȉȣ șȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ Ȋșțȕțȓ ȍȑ
Ȋ ȗȈșȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȔȍȚȓț Ȑ Ȋ Țț Ȏȍ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȒțȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȖȟȒț DzȖȋȌȈ
ȧ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ Ȋȣșțȕțȓ șȊȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȏȔȍȐ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȇ Ȋȣ-
ȓȍȏ Ȋȣȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȖȒȖȠȒȖ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ Ȋ ȧȘȖșȚȐ ȉȐȟȍȊȈȓȈ
ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȓȈșȤ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ
șȖșȚȈȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȧ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓ ȍȍ ȗȈșȚȤ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȣȉȐȊȠȐșȤ
Ȑȏ șȐȓ ȖȕȈ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ


Ɋ Ⱦɨɣɥɶ Ɇɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɱɭɞɨɜɢɳɚ Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɠɭɪɧ ©ɉɚɧɱª 


ȁȖșȪȭȚ DZ ǸȖțȑȟȠȜț
ȃǰǼǿȀ ǺǼǾǿǸǼDZǼ ǵǺdzȍ
(1848)


21
ǽǪǶǹǺ ǴǶǸǹDzǶǫǶ ǯǴǭȇ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕȈ ǬȎȖȕșȖȕȈ ș ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ
©ǬȐȌȌȓȍțșª
ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ǻȐȓȤȧȔȖȔ ǫ DzȐȕȋșȚȖȕȖȔ ȥșȒȊȈȑȘȖȔ
Ǵȕȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȊȖȌȐȓȖșȤ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ țȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȣ ǹȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǴȖȘȧȒȈ — Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȗȘȖȝȖ-
Ȍȧ ȔȐȔȖ ȖȒȖȕ ©ǪȍșȍȓȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈª ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȊȏȘȣȊȣ ȍȋȖ ȋȘȖȔȒȖȋȖ șȔȍȝȈ
ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȊȠȐȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ DzȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ șȔȖȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȐȚȤșȧ ȐșȒțȠȍȕȐȦ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȚȈȒ
ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȍșȍȓȐȓȖ ȇ ȊȖȠȍȓ ǬȣȔ ȒȓțȉȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȓȒț Ȑȏ ȚȘțȉȖȒ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȚȈȔ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȕȈșȓȈȌȐȚȤșȧ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȈȉȈȟȕȣȔȐ ȓȐșȚȤȧȔȐ Ȋ Ȗȉ-
ȓȈȒȍ ȌȣȔȈ ȧ ȍȌȊȈ șțȔȍȓ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȒȖȕȟȐȒ ȕȖșȈ ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕȈ
ǬȎȖȕșȖȕȈ șȐȧȊȠȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȔȈȧȒ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȍ ȀȓȧȗȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȢȍ-
ȝȈȓȈ ȕȈȉȍȒȘȍȕȤ șȦȘȚțȒ ȉȣȓ ȘȈșșȚȍȋȕțȚ ȕȖȋȐ ȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ
ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȒȈȔȐȕȕȖȑ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȍ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȍ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȕțȚțȦ ȐȏȖ ȘȚȈ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚț ș șȖȌȍȘȎȐ-
ȔȣȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓ ȈțȌȐȚȖȘȐȦ
— ǶȕȐ șȔȍȦȚ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȔ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ șȕȖ-
ȊȈ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȊȠȐșȤ ȝȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ — ǿțȌȍșȕȣȔ ȕț
ȌȈ ȝȈ-ȝȈ-ȝȈ ǬȈ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȣȊȈȓ șȖȚȕȐ Ȋȍȡȍȑ Ȋ Țȣșȧȟț
ȘȈȏ ȟțȌȍșȕȍȑ Ȕȕȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȖșȚȣȌȐȚȤșȧ ȝȈ-ȝȈ-ȝȈ ǷȖș-
ȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȊȍȒț, Ȕȍȕȧ țȎȍ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ
țȌȐȊȐȚ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȧȚ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȖșȈ — șȚȖȐȚ ȐȔ
țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȧȦȚ
ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȖȔ Ȑȏ ȟțȌȍș Ȉ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȕȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȧȚ ǹȈȔ-ȚȖ ȧ
ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȏȊȍȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ
ȔȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȖ ȕȈȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȟțȎȖȍ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȏȕȈȑȚȍ. ǰ ȧ
ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȧȊȓȧȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȎț ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ǷȖȓȕȍȑȠȈȧ ȟȍȗțȝȈ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȈȔ șȒȈȎț
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǬȎȖȕșȖȕ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȠȒȐȗȍȘȈ ȐȉȖ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȓȐ ȔȖȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚ-
ȊȖ ȒȈȒ ȖșȔȍȓȦșȤ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ
 — Ƕ


22
ȒȈȒȐȝ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȟțȌȍșȈȝ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ"
— ǸȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȋȖ ȦȕȖȠȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȅȚȖ
ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȍ ȍșȓȐ ȏȈȝȖȚȐȚȍ Ǩ ȚțȚ ȗȘȖș-
ȚȖ ȌțȚȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ
ȖȌȕȐȔ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȐȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖȜȐȓȧȔ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ
ǰ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȏȈȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȓțȝ Ȑȏ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȕȐȎȍșȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȒț
©dzȐȊȍȘȗțȓȤ  ȈȗȘȍȓȧ  ȋ — ǩȈȘȒ “dzȖȕȋȉȖț” ȗȖȌ ȒȖ-
ȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǹȚȘȍȟȍȘȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ
ȗȖȘȚ Ȑȏ ǪȈȓȤȗȈȘȈȐșȖ ș ȋȘțȏȖȔ ȒȖȎȐ Ȑ ȚȈȓȓȖȊȖȋȖ ȎȐȘȈ Ȍȓȧ
ȊȣșȖȒȖțȊȈȎȈȍȔȖȑ ȜȐȘȔȣ “ǩȍȔ Ȑ ǩțȏȓ”, ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȊ Ȋșȍ ȗțȚȍ-
ȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ ȒȘȈȚȟȈȑȠȐȑ ȌȊțȝȔȍșȧȟȕȣȑ șȘȖȒ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǹȚȘȍ-
ȟȍȘ șȖȖȉȡȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȖȋȕțȊ ǫȖȘȕ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ 
ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ Ȋ ȚȘȐ ȟȈșȈ ȗȖȗȖȓțȌȕȐ ȕȈ  ȋȘȈȌțșȈȝ  ȔȐȕ. ȦȎȕȖȑ
ȠȐȘȖȚȣ Ȑ  ȋȘȈȌțșȈȝ  ȔȐȕ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȑ ȌȖȓȋȖȚȣ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȗȖ-
ȋȖȌȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ Ȑ ȧșȕȈȧ ș ȉȍȏȖȉȓȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ șȊȍȚȐ-
ȓȖ ȎȈȘȒȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ș ǵ-Ƕ Ȍțȓ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȉȘȐȏ ȕȈ ǯ-Ǫ țȔȍ-
ȘȍȕȕȈȧ ȏȣȉȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ƞȍȓ ȗȘȈȊȣȔ ȋȈȓșȖȔ ȕȈ ǵ-Ǫ Ț ǵ
ǬȈ Ȗȕ șȖȊșȍȔ șȉȐȓșȧ ș ȒțȘșȈ Ȉ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȘțȔȉȖȊ ȖȚ ȊȍȚȘȈ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕ — ȓȐȟȕȖ ȧ țȔȈ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȓȖȎț ȒȈȒ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȚȐ ǵț ȌȈ ȓȈȌȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȐȔ
©ǬȎȐȔ ǺȥȑȓȖȘ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȉȖȞȔȈȕȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȍȟȚȖ ș
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȊȠȍȍșȧ Ȓ șțȌȕț șȉȖȒț ȕȖ ȕȍ
șȔȖȋ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ƕȕ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȏ-
ȊȈȓ ȊȈȝȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǺȘȦȓȈȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȋțȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ ǹȚȘȍȟȍȘȖȔ ǶȉȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȖȌ-
ȕȍșȓȐ Ȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȗȖȌȏȖȘȕȣȍ ȚȘțȉȣ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ
ȚȈȒ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȖ ǬȎȐȔȈ ǺȥȑȓȖȘȈ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ ȚȖ
ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ Ȋȣșȣ-
ȗȈȊȠȈȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȍȊȠȈȧ ȕȈ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ țȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȐ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȟȤȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȊȖȏȊȣ-
ȠȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȜțȚȖȊ ȕȈȌ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șțȌȐȚȤ șȘȈȊȕȐ-
ȊȈȧ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȔȍȕȤȠȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ǷȘȐȔȍȘȐȊ
ȒȈȒ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ ȉȣ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȋȘȖȚ-ȔȈȟȚȈ șȖ șȚȍȕȤȋȖȑ Ȑ ȉȘȈȔ-
șȚȍȕȤȋȖȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ Ȑ ǬȎȐȔ ǺȥȑȓȖȘ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȋșȍ Ȗș-
ȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȓ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ — ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȌȍ-


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ȓȧȓȐ Țȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȒȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕ ȗȖȌȏȖȘȕȣȔȐ ȚȘțȉȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȐȔȍȓ ȝȖȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȓȐȉȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ — ȟȚȖ ȌȓȐȕȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȚȖ
ȍșȚȤ ȟȈșȚȐ ȚȍȓȈ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ
 șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȕȍ
Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ ȔȐȓȐ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȘȈȏȔȍ-
Șȣ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȚȍȓȈ șȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȗȘȐ
ȥȚȖȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȧ ǬȎȐȔț Ǻȥȑ-
ȓȖȘț Ȑȝ ȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ Ȑ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ țȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȌȓȐȕț
ȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ țșȐȓȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓȖșȤ ȉȣ
ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȉȣ Ȍȓȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ
Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȔȍȓȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓȖ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ — ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȤșȖȚ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȐȝ șȈȎȍȕȍȑ ȗȖ șȈȔȖȔț șȒȘȖȔȕȖȔț ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȦ ǶȕȖ
ȌȍȓȈȓȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ țȏȓȖȊ Ȋ ȟȈș Ȑ ȊȐ-
ȌȐȔȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȚȍȓȈ ȕȐȒȈȒ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ țȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ț ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȝȊȖșȚ
ȌȘțȋȐȍ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȋȘȍȉȍȚ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ
ȋțșȤ ȐȓȐ ȓȍȉȍȌȤ ǺȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȖȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐ-
ȎȈȓȖșȤ Ȓ ȉȈȘȒț Ȑ ȕȐ ȍȌȐȕȈȧ ȌțȠȈ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓȈșȤ
ȟȚȖ ȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȔȈȓȖ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ Dz șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȒțȘș ȏȔȍȧ
ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȓșȧ ș ȒțȘșȖȔ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ — Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔȐ ǺȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ Ȗȕ
ȗȘȖȗȓȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȋșȍ
ȍȋȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȓȐ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȏȕȤȦ Ȑ ȏȓȖ-
ȉȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȓȍȊȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ ǩȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȞȍȓȐ ȚȖȟȕȍȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȌȖȉȣȟț ȏȔȍȑ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȌȦȑȔ ȕȍ ȖȚ-
ȒȓȖȕȧȓșȧ ȖȚ ȊȏȧȚȖȋȖ ȐȔ ȒțȘșȈ ȕȈ ǯ.-Ƕ Ȑ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȉȣ
ȥȚȖ ȖȒȈȎȐșȤ ȉȈȘȒ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ ǵȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ
ȒȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ ȝȖȚȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȊȣșȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȌȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȖȌ-
ȕȖ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȌȈșȚșȧ
ǷȘȐȠȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȊȐȌȐȔțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȝȊȖșȚ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ
ȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȉȣȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȌȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȐȓȐ ȠȐȗȈș-
ȚȣȔ Ȑ ȐȔȍȓșȧ ȓȐ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ț Ȋșȍȝ Șȣȉ ȕȈȓȐȟȍșȚȊțȦȚ ȝȊȖșȚȣ Ȉ ȥȚȖ ȎȐ-


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ȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȖ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ Ȑ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȐ ȧȊȓȧ-
ȓȖșȤ ȘȣȉȖȑ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ȋșȍ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȐș-
Țȣ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȟȐȝ țȟȍȕȣȝ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
șȖȋȓȈșȧȚșȧ ș ȕȈȠȐȔ ȔȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍ-
ȓȖ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȉ ȐȔȍȓȐșȤ ȓȐȠȤ
ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȐ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ
ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ȉțȌțȟȐ ȏȔȍȍȑ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ
ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȠȐ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ, ȉȍȏ șȖȔ-
ȕȍȕȐȧ, ȊșȗȖȔȕȧȚ ȟȚȖ ț Ȋșȍȝ ȏȔȍȑ ȐȓȐ țȋȘȍȑ ȍșȚȤ ȝȊȖșȚȣ Ȉ
ȥȚȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ț ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȐȔȍȓșȧ ȝȊȖșȚ Ǵȣ ȕȍ
ȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȐ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț
ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖȌ-
ȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȕȈȓȐȟȐȐ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ ț ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ȕȐ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǬȎȐȔȈ
ǺȥȑȓȖȘȈ Ȗ ȕȈȓȐȟȐȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ ȔȖȋȓȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȌȖȓȦ
ȐșȚȐȕȣ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȖșșȚȈȍȚ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȗȗȣ-
ȚȈ Ȑ ȓȖȋȐȒȐ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ț ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ — ȊȍȌȤ ȝȊȖșȚ
ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȕȖ ș ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȑ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȌȖ-
ȓȍȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȝȊȖșȚ ȕȈȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
ǰ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȚȤ ȐȔȍȓșȧ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓșȧ
ț ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȝȊȖșȚ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
ȓȐȉȖ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚ-
ȊȖ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȉțȌțȚ șȒȓȖȕȕȣ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȝȊȖșȚ ȐȔȍȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȕȈȓȐȟȐȐ șȓȍȌțȍȚ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȤ Ȗ ȔȕȍȕȐȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈȠȐȝ
țȟȍȕȣȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈȔ Ȗȉ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȔ țȋȘȍ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚ Ȗȕ ȏȔȍȑ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ șȐȓȍ ȗȘȐȚȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȓȦșȈ
ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȈ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȕȣ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȔ ȌȈȓȍȍ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖșȍ ȕȈȓȐȟȐȧ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ȕȖ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȣ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ
Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȉțȌțȡȐȝ ȕȖȔȍȘȖȊ ǶȉȘȈȚȐȔșȧ Ȓ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȦ
ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȣ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȣ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȉȍȏțȗȘȍȟȕȖȑ
ȘȍȗțȚȈȞȐȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǹȚȘȍȚȟȍȘȈ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȕȖșȚȐ șȊȍ-
ȌȍȕȐȑ Ȋșȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȧ ǬȎȐȔȈ ǺȥȑȓȖȘȈ Ȕȣ șȈ-
ȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȣ Ȑȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȔ Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȉ-
ȓȦȌȈȓȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȟȈș Ȑ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȕȖ
ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȕȣȘȕțȓȖ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌț ȟȚȖȉȣ șȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȏȈȏȍȊȈȠȍȋȖșȧ


25
ȌȍȓȤȜȐȕȈ ȐȓȐ ȈȒțȓț ǬȐȈȔȍȚȘ ȚȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȚȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ
ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ Ƞȍȍȑ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ț ȋȖȓȖȊȣ șțȌȧ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȖȒȖȓȖ
ȟȍȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȜțȚȖȊ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȘȈ-
ȏȐȕțȊ ȗȈșȚȤ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȉȍȏ ȚȘțȌȈ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓȖ ȉȣ ȓȦȉȖȍ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȊȖȌȖȐȏȔȍȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȌȖ șȚȈ ȚȖȕȕ Ȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ
șțȔȍȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ǸȖȚ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȚ Ȑ
ȏțȉȣ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȖșȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȔȐȕțȚț ȟț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȏȍȊȕțȓȖ Ȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȉȍ-
ȌȐȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȧȝ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐ-
ȔȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȎȍȊȣȊȈȚȤ ȌȖȉȣȟț — Ȋ ȗȈșȚȐ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ
ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȧȚȤ ȘȧȌȖȊ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȔȖȓȧȘȖȊ Ȑ ȧȏȣȒ șȖȖȚȊȍȚ-
șȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ țȌȓȐȕȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ
ȕȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȋȖȓȖȊ Ȋșȍȝ ȏȔȍȑ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ Ȋ
ȒȕȐȋȈȝ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȧ
ȦȕȖȠȍșȚȊȈ ǻ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȐȔȍȓȈșȤ ȋȘȐȊȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȈȧ ȋȘȐ-
Ȋț ȒȖȕȧ ȐȓȐ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ ȉȣȒȈ ȓȐȉȖ Ȏȍ șȗțȚȈȕȕȣȍ șȍȚȐ ȐȓȐ Ȓȓțȉ-
ȒȐ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ ȊȣȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȉȖȍȔ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȣ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȈ
ǾȊȍȚ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȕȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȈ-
ȚȣȔ ȖȒȘȈș ȠȍȐ — ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚȖ-ȉȍȓȣȑ Ǫ ȞȍȓȖȔ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊȖ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ șțȠȍ
ȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȍȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǹȚȘȍȟȍȘȈ Ȑ ȊșȦ
ȒȖȔȈȕȌț ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ “dzȖȕȋȉȖț” c ȟțȌȍșȕȣȔ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍȔ
ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȐșȗȣȚȈȑ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȗȘȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑ-
șȚȊȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ șȈȔȣȔȐ țȎȈș-
ȕȣȔȐ ǷȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȔ țȟȍȕȣȔ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȗȖȧȊȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȒțȌȈ ȖȕȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȟȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȕȧ-
ȚȖ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȐȔȍȓșȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȝȊȖșȚ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚª
ǬțȔȈȦ ȝȊȖșȚ-ȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ
ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȚ — ș ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕ — ǽȈ-
ȝȈ-ȝȈ ǰ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȥȚȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȠțȔ!
ǹȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǹȚȘȍȟȍȘ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒțȌȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȟȍȔ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ș ȒȈȒȐȔȐ țȗȖȘȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐ-
ȊȣȔȐ șȒȍȗȚȐȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ șȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȔȖȘȧȒț ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ
ȌȍȓȖ Ȗȕ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȧȚ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȍȚ Ȋșȍ
ȇ ȍȋȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȔȈȓȖ ș ȒȍȔ Ȑȏ ȔȖȘȍȝȖȌȖȊ ȧ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓșȧ
Ȋ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȧȝ ȅȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȟȍșȚȕȣȑ Ȑ ȘȈȕȐȔȣȑ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȐ șȍ-
ȒțȕȌȣ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȉȣ ȚȍȘȗȍȚȤ ȏȈșȖȔȕȍȊȈȑșȧ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ


26
șȓȖȊȈȝ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ șȊȖȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȊȏȊȍȠȐȊȈȦ ȇ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
Ȏț ȊȈȔ Ȗ ȝȊȖșȚȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ Ȑ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȝ ș
ȕȐȔ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȝ ǹȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ
ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȉȍșșȚȣȌȕȖ ȘȈȏȌțȊȈȚȤ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȍȘțȕȌț
— ǬȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȏȈȋțȌȍȓȐ ȋȖȓȖșȈ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ Ȏȍ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȏȈȒȘȖȑȡȐȒ —
ȧ șȋȖȘȈȦ ȖȚ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ
— ǰ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȐ ȕȈȔ ȌȖȉȘțȦ ȉȈȑȒț ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȔȖȘȧȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȔț șȚȍȟȍ-
ȕȐȦ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ț șȚȖȑȒȐ ©ǪȍșȍȓȖȋȖ
ȗȐȘȈȚȈª — ǻȋȖșȚȐ ȕȈș ȕȍ ȘȈȏȉȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȘȖȋȖȔ Ȉ ȕȈșȚȖȧ-
ȡȐȔ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔ ȗȖȑȓȖȔ ȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ț ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȗȖȘȚȈ Ȍțȝ
ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȚ Ȉ ȧȕȒȐ ȊȖȊșȍ ș ȕȖȋ șȊȈȓȐȚșȧ ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦ ȝȖ-
ȘȖȠȍȑ ȉȈȑȒȖȑ
— Ǵȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȚȈȔ ȟȍȔ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȠȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ
— ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȧ ȌȣȔ:
ȗȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ ȍȔț ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȗȕ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ
ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ — ǵȖ ȧ șȒȈȎț Țȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦ
ȌȖȉȘȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȍȑ șȒȈȎț ȕȍ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȦ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ǭș-
ȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȗȘȈȊȌț — Ȉ ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț — Ȗȕ
Ȑ șȈȔȖȔț șȚȈȘȐȕȍ ǵȐȒț ȕȍ ȗȖȉȖȐȚșȧ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖ-
ȒȈ ȚȖȚ ȕȍ țșȚȣȌȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ țȉȍȘȍȚ șȊȖȐ ȘȖȋȈ
— ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȑȚȍ ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȑȚȍ — ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ Ȑȏ șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȞȍȕȐȊȠȐȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȑ
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȘȖȟȐșȚȐȓ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȒȈȠ-
ȓȧȊȠȐșȤ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȏȈȚȧȎȍȒ Ȑȏ ȚȘțȉȒȐ Ȑ Ȋȣ-
ȗțșȚȐȓ ȐȏȖ ȘȚȈ ȋțșȚȣȍ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȌȣȔȈ
— ǵț ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȧ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȊȐȌȣȊȈȓ ȧ ȊȍȡȐ țȌȐȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȍȑ ȟȍȔ ȊșȧȒȈȧ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȈȧ ȟȍȗțȝȈ ȥȚȖ țȎ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȇ țȎȍ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȗȓȣȓ ș DzȖȘȈȓȓȖȊȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȕȈ ©dzȍȌȐ
ǹȚȐȋȋȐȕșª ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȚȈȔ șȊȖȦ Ȏȍȕț-ȗȘȐȕȞȍșșț ǶȕȈ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ
ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȈȧșȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȌȈ Ȑ șȈȔ ȧ ȗȘȖȓȐȓ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ șȓȍȏ:
ȚȈȒȈȧ țȎ ȖȌȖȓȍȊȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȈȕȐȐ ș ȎȍȕȈ-
ȔȐ ǩȍȌȕȧȎȒȈ ǿȐȒȟȐȒ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȧ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ — ȍȍ șȖȎȘȈȓȐ
ȌȐȒȈȘȐ DzȖȘȖȟȍ ȒȈȒ ȧ țȎȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȣ ȖȚȗȓȣȓȐ ǷȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȧ
ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȈȊȌț Ȑ ȥȚȐȔ ȋȖȘȎțșȤ Ǵȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȟȍȔ ȋȖȘȌȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȖ


27
ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ țȊȈȎȈȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦ țȊȈȎȈȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊȖșȚȤ.
dzȖȎȤ ȧ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȌțȘȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ — Ȑ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȍ
ȘȈșșȟȐȚȈȕȖ ȕȈ ȋȓțȗȞȖȊ
— ǬȈȊȈȑ țȎȍ ȖȚȗȓȣȊȈȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȑ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ
ȎȌȈȚȤ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȔȖȘȧȒ ȕȈȟȈȊȠȐȑ țșȚȈȊȈȚȤ
ȖȚ ȏȈȚȧȕțȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȧ ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕȈ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȐșȒȖșȈ ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉțȘȒȕțȓ ȗȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȖȚȗȐȓ ȋȓȖȚȖȒ Ȑȏ șȚȈȒȈȕȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ǷȖșȓȍ DzȖȘȈȓȓȖȊȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȕȈȠȈ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȆȎȕȖȔ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕȚȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȗȖȓȦ-
șȖȔ ǵȈȌȖȓȋȖ Ȕȣ ȚȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȕȈȉȘȈȚȤ ȓȤȌȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȊȍȌȍȘȒȈ — ȓȦȉȐȓ ȕȈȠ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕ ȠȈȔȗȈȕșȒȖȍ Ȑ ȗȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȖȝȓȈȎȌȍȕȕȣȔ Ǫ
Țȍȝ ȔȖȘȧȝ Ȕȣ ȏȈȋȈȘȗțȕȐȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȒȐȚȖȊ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȕȈȉȐȓȐ ȚȘȦȔȣ Ȑ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȐ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ȌȖ-
ȔȖȑ ȇ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȖȝȖȚȧșȤ ȕȈ Țȍȝ ȒȐȚȖȊ ȅȚȖ ȓțȟȠȈȧ Ȑȏ
ȖȝȖȚ ȒțȌȈ ȌȖ ȕȍȍ șȚȘȍȓȤȉȍ ȗȖ ȒȘȖȓȐȒȈȔ
ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ©ǼȖȕȚȈȕ ȜȖȕȚȈȕª — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ș ȔȈȘ-
șȈ ȌȖȏȖȘȕȣȑ ©ǺȘȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȗȧȚȤ ȠȍșȚȤª — Ȑ Ȕȣ ȔȐȋȖȔ
ȗȖȋȕȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȈȝ ȏȈ ȘȣȉȐȕȈȔȐ ǪșȒȖȘȍ Ȕȣ ȕȈșȚȐȋȓȐ
șȈȔȒț ș ȌȍȚȍȕȣȠȍȔ ȇ ȊȖȕȏȈȦ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȋȈȘȗțȕ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚșȧ
ȗȘȖȟȤ ȒȈȒ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȈȧ ȓȐȕȤ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍțȔȍȝȈ,
Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȔȈȚȣȊȈȓșȧ ȔȖȧ ȕȖȋȈ ȗȖȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȗȍȚȓȦ Ȑ ȧ
ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ ǸȣȉȐȕȈ ȕȣȘȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȐ-
ȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȔȈȓȖȍ ȕȍțȌȖȉșȚȊȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȧșȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ
ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȔ ȌȐȊȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ șȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ȇ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓșȧ țȚȖȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȧ ȌțȝȈ ȕȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍșȤ ȓȐȕȤ
ȘȈȏȔȖȚȈȍȚșȧ ȘȣȉȐȕȈ ȌȍȘȕȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȐ ȖȚȖȘȊȍȚ Ȕȕȍ
ȕȖȋț ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȕȖȎ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȉȘȍȏȈȓ ȓȐȕȤ
ț ȕȖȋȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȠȈȕș ȕȈ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ
ȘȣȉȐȕț ȧ ȚȖȎȍ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ Dz șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ Ȑ șȊȧȏȈȚȤ țȏȓȖȔ Ȗȉ-
ȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȕȞȣ ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ ȧ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȣȉȐȕȈ ȊȣșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ țȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǶȕȈ
ȊȣșțȕțȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ șȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓȈ ȏȈ șȖ-
ȉȖȑ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚ ǺȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȌȍ-
ȓȈȓ ȍȡȍ șȖȚȕȐ șȈȎȍȕȍȑ Ȑ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȚȤ-
șȧ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȓșȧ ȚȈȒ


28
ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ Țȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȟȚȖ
ȊȐȌȍȓ ȧ Ȑ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȖȋț Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ǫ ȖȉȡȍȔ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȧ
ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓșȧ ȧ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȌȕȈ ȖȒȍȈ-
ȕȈ Ȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȘȈȓȓȖȊȖȑ ȘȖȡȐ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȍ ȗȘȖȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȋȘȈȊȐȍȊȈȧ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȍȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ
ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȉ ȗȖ ȖȉȍȐȔ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ — ȋȘȈȕȐȚȕȣȍ șȒȈ-
ȔȤȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȚȤ ȘțșȈȓȒȐ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȊȖȐȝ Ȋȍ-
ȟȍȘȕȐȝ ȗȘȖȋțȓȖȒ ǺȈȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȐȝ Ȍȍ-
ȊțȠȍȒ ș ȘȣȉȤȐȔȐ ȝȊȖșȚȈȔȐ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȕȖȋ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȐȔ
țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȐȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕțȎȕȣ
ȖȕȐ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȐ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȉȍȌȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ
ǹȓȣȝȈȓ ȧ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȗ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ ȇ ȉȣ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȚȈȔ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȓȤȠȍ ȘȈȏ țȎ ȕȣȘȕțȓ ȚȈȒ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȕȈȌȖ
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ǰ ȍȡȍ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȏȈȌȈȚȤ ȘțșȈȓ-
ȒȈȔ ȗȈȘȖȟȒț ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȐȚ
Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȘȖȚ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȐȚșȧ șȖȓȍȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȧ ȉțȌț
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȗțȏȣȘȐ ǷȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈȚȖȘȖ-
ȗȐȓșȧ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ȊȣȠȍȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ șȍȌȖȑ
ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȒȖȘȈȓȓȖȊȣȔ ȗȖșȖȝȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ǬțȔȈȦ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȍȞ
ȘțșȈȓȖȒ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȍȍȚ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȟȍȘȍȑ
DzȖȘȖȟȍ ȒȈȒ ȧ țȎȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȧ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȖ ȗț-
ȚȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ Ȟȍȓȣȍ șȚȈȐ șȈȔȣȝ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȝ Șȣȉ ǻ ȖȌȕȐȝ
ȉȣȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ș ȊȣȗțȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȝȊȖșȚȖȊ Ȑ
ȌȈȎȍ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡ ȍșȓȐ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȗȖȠȓȖ ǻ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ
ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȐ șȊȐȕȣȍ ȘȣȓȤȞȈ Ȑ ȝȊȖșȚȣ șȖȊșȍȔ ȒȈȒ ț ȗȈȊȓȐȕȖȊ
țșȍȧȕȕȣȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȋȓȈȏȒȈȔȐ ȚȘȍȚȤȐ
ȉȣȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ Ȑ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ș ȏȈȌȘȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȖșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ș ȚȈȘȍȓȒț ȉȣȓȐ ȍȡȍ Șȣȉȣ Ȋșȍȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ ȘȈȌțȋȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖ-
ȎȐȍ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȎȕȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȓȖȕȌȖȕșȒȖȔ ǺȈțȥȘȍ ǻ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȘțȒȐ ț ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȒȓȍȠȕȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȐ ȕȖ ȕȐ ț ȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȖȋ ǵȖȋȐ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȔȈȓȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȕȣ Ȉ ȝȊȖșȚ ȓțȟȠȍ ȗȖ-
ȔȖȋȈȍȚ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȦ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ șȟȐȚȈȦ ț ȘțșȈȓȖȒ ȊȔȍșȚȖ
ȕȖȋ ȝȊȖșȚȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ Ȕȕȍ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ ȕȖȎȒȐ Ȑ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȒȖ-
ȓȍȕȒȐ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȧȚ ȗȖȓțȟȠȍ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ Șȣȉȣ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȕȦȝȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌȚȈȓ-
ȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȗȐȝȐȊȈȓȐ ȘȣȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ
ȌțȔȈȚȤ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȈțȟȐȓ Ȑȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ


29
ȊȣȉȐȊ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȕȖȑ Șȣȉȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȍȓȈ
șȍȉȧ ȕȈȝȈȓȤȕȍȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȝ ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȧ ȕțȎȕȖ țȟȍșȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȑ
ȗȖȕȧȓ ȒȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȏȈȗȓȣȓȈ ȘȣȉȐȕȈ Dz șȓȖȊț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȧ
șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȈ ȒȐȚȐȝȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȍȑ ȌȖȑȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȊȖȑ
șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ȟȤȐȝ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȌȖȟȍȘȍȑ ȧ ȗȖȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ
ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ
ǩȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊț ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ
Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ǩȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȑ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚ ȉȣȓ ȖȚ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȍȝ ȔȐȓȧȝ Ȑ țȌȈȓȧȓșȧ șȖ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ ȌȍșȧȚȐ
ȔȐȓȤ Ȋ ȟȈș ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȧ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȓȦȌȐ Ȋ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȍ ȕȍ țș-
ȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȉȣ — ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȍȕȣ ȖȝȖȚȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȟȚȖ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ Ȑȝ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȤ Ȑ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ țșȓȣȠȈȊ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ
ȉȣ ȒȚȖ Ȑȝ ȏȖȊȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ ȏȈȗțȚȈȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȋȈȘȗțȕȕȖȔ ȓȐȕȍ Ȑ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȐșȗțșȚȐȓ Ȍțȝ Dz șȟȈșȚȤȦ Ȋ ȒȈȘ-
ȔȈȕȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȗȘȖȔȖȒȈȍȔȈȧ ȚȈȉȈȒȍȘȒȈ ȧ ȒȐȕțȓ Ȋ ȘȖȚ
ȒțșȖȒ ȎȍȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȉȈȒȈ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ șȊȖȐ șȐȓȣ,
ȊȍȌȤ țșȚȈȓ ȧ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȖȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȑ șȈȔȐ ȗȖ-
ȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȧ ȓȍȋ ȕȈ șȗȐȕț Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȖș-
ȚțȗȐȚȤ ȇ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖșȓȈȉȍȓ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȓȣȚȤ ȏȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȔ Ȉ
ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚ ȟȤȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ șțȔȍȓȈ țȉȐȚȤ ȘȣȉȐȕț ȉȣȓ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȡȍ
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǷȖșȓȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȊȍȓȤ-
ȉȖȚ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȏȈȒȈȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȉȖȔ-
ȉȘȈȔșȍȓȐ ȍȓȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ǵȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ țȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ©dzȍȌȐ ǹȚȐȋȋȐȕșª
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓșȧ șȖ șȚȈȘȣȔȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȡȈȔȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȎȐȊ Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȓȐ ȓȐȕȤ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȕ
Ȑ ȏȈȊȧȏȈȕ țȏȓȖȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȓȖȔȈ-
ȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȕȈȌ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȖȑ
ǵȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ǵȖȟȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȈȧ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ — șȈȔȈȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȟȚȖ Ȑ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȏȓȖ ȕȈȚȒȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȈ Ȋȣȉ-
ȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉȖȟȖȕȖȒ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȖȌțȠȒȖȑ Ȑ țȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡțȦ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒț șȗȈȓ ȧ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ǷȍȘȍȌ șȈȔȣȔ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȖȔ ȔȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȒȈ-
ȚȐȓȈ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓșȧ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ
ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ǵȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓ


30
ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȟȐșȚȍȑȠȍȔ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔ ȇ șȚȈȓ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȏȖ-
Ȋȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȕȈ
ȗȈȓțȉț ǹȗȍȘȊȈ ȖȕȐ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȧ ȐȓȐ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȎȐȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ,
Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏț Ȗ ȊȐȏȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ Ȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȔȕȖȦ ȚȈȔ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȘȣȉȈȝ ȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȍ-
ȘȍȚ ȊȍȘȝ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȑ ȧ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ ȟȚȖ
șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȉȖȌȘȐȚ Țȍȝ ȒȖȔț ȊȣȗȈȓȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ
ȟțȌȍșȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚ șȍȘȣȑ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐ-
Ȋȣȑ ȔȐȘ ǫȖȊȖȘȦ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȏȕȈȚȤ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
șȖșȍȌȍȑ — ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ DzȖȔț ȒȈȒ ȕȍ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȖ"DzȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȒȈȒ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ©ǬȐȌȌȓȍțșª ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȤșȖȚ ȚȖȕȕ ǵȍȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȗȈ-
șȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ șȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ Ȑ țȚȖȕțȓ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕ ȉțȌțȟȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȓ ȖȞȍ-
ȕȐȚȤ ȔȖȐ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȕȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȔȍșȚȖ,
ȟȚȖ ȧ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ șȌȍȓȈȓ ©ǬȐȌȌȓȍțșª ȉȣȓ ȒȐȚȖȉȖȑȞȍȔ Ȑȏ dzȐ-
ȊȍȘȗțȓȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȔȣșȍȓ Ȑ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȍȡȍ
ȏȈȋȈȘȗțȕȐȚȤ ȕȐ ȍȌȐȕȖȑ ȘȣȉȐȕȣ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȓȐ țȌȈȟȍ ȐȓȐ
ȔȖȐȔ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȈȔ — ȕȍ șȚȈȕț șțȌȐȚȤ ȟȍȔț ȐȔȍȕȕȖ — ȚȘȦȔȣ ȕȈ-
ȠȐ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ țșȓȣȠȐȚȍ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȐșȤ ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕ ©ǬȐȌȌȓȍțșȈª ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȖȓșȚ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ Ȋ
ȒȖȚȍȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȧȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȚȈȗȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȘȊȈȕȤ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȏ-
ȕțȓșȧ Ȑ țȗȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȊȕȐȏ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȑ ȒȈ-
ȗȐȚȈȕ țșȗȍȓ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȐȚȤșȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ șȗȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ-
șȧ Ǵȣ țȏȕȈȓȐ Ȗ șȓțȟȐȊȠȍȔșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȑȌȧ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȒȖȚȓȈ
ȍȋȖ ȗțȋȖȊȐȞȣ Ȑ ȋȊȖȏȌȐ ȖȚ ȉȖȚȐȕȖȒ ǪșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȈ-
ȚȈșȚȘȖȜȣ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ©ǬȐȌȌȓȍțșª
ȇ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȗȖȌ șȊȖȍ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȟȍȔț
țȌȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȟȈșȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȏȈșȓțȋȐ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȦȚ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȈȦȚ ȇ
ȕȍ ȔȍȌȓȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ
ȒȈȒ ȧ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ dzȦȌȐ ȊșȒȖȘȍ țȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȔȈȕ-
ȌțȍȚ ȐȔȐ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȑ Ȑ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǹȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ ȉȣȓ
ȖȌȐȕ ȔȈȚȘȖș ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ǬȎȍȘȘȐ ǪȐȓȒȐȕș — Ȗȕ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȝȊȈșȚȈȓ-
șȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȓȍȚȍȓ ȗȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȖ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ ȌȍșȧȚȐ țȏȓȖȊ Ȋ ȟȈș Ȉ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ


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ȋȓȈȏț ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖ ȗȈȚȍȕȚȖȊȈȕȕȖȔț ȉȐȕȖȒȓȦ ȕȖ ȉțȌȤȚȍ
țȊȍȘȍȕȣ ȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȉȐȓ ș ȕȍȋȖ șȗȍșȤ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ ǹȍȊȍȘ-
ȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȦșȍ ȒȈȒ ȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȐ ȋȘȍȦȚșȧ
ȗȖȌ ȓțȟȈȔȐ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȖȋȖ șȐȧȕȐȧ Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ
ȓȖȌȒȍ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȍ ȈȑșȉȍȘȋȈ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȡȐȓ ȕȈ
ȉțȒșȐȘȍ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȤ ȗȖ șȍȊȍȘȕȣȔ ȔȖȘȧȔ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȘțȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȈȒțȓȣ ȕȐ Ȏȍȕȣ-ȗȈȚȈȋȖȕȒȐ Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȓ
ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȚȊȖȔ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȓ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȒȘțȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȣȊȈȓ
ȚȈȒȐȝ țȘȈȋȈȕȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖ-
Șȧ țȎȍ Ȗ Țȣșȧȟȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȋȍȡȍȑ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȓ
— ǵȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ ǬȎȍȘȘȐ ǪȐȓȒȐȕș Ȓ
ȝȊȖșȚț ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ" Ǫȣ Ȏȍ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȔ ȗȖȊȍ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ"— Ȋ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȐ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȏȈȒ-
ȘȖȑȡȐȒ ǮȍȕȈ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȒȘȖȑȡȐȒȈ ȌȖȔȈ șȖȉȐ-
ȘȈȧșȤ ȗȖȘțȟȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȉȖȚȈȔ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȖȗȈșȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ Ȑ
ȕȍ țșȓȣȠȐȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ
— ǶȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȗȘȧȔȖȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕ — Ƕȕ
ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȏȔȍȧ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȔȈȘșȍ ȊȣșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȒȐȚȖȊ,
Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȊȕȐȏ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ șȒțȓȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȍȚșȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȇ ȖȚ-
ȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȚȈȔ ȕȍȚ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ
ȕȈ ȕȖș Ȑ șȈȔ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȉȣȓ ȕȍșȒȈȏȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ
ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ țșȍȧȕȕȣȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔȐ
ȕȈ ȗȓȈȒțȟȐȍ ȐȊȣ ǶșȚȘȖȊ Ȋșȍ ȘȖș ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȧ ȒȖ-
ȘȈȉȓȤ DzȈȒ ȧ țȎȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ șȗȍȘȊȈ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ț ȕȈș ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖ ȕȖșț
Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ș ȕȈȊȍȚȘȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ș ȗȖȌȊȍȚȘȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕȣ ȗȖȒȈ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȣ ȇ șȍȑȟȈș
Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ șȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȓȖȚ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-
ȚȖ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȕȍșȓȖ ȕȈș ȕȈ ȔȍȓȒȖȊȖȌȤȍ Dz țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈș
ȌȕȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȥȚȈ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȈȧ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ Ȕȣ țȉȐȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȒȐȚȈ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȈ ȊȖȓȖȒȓȐ
ȚțȠț ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ Ȉ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȊȍȚ-
ȘȈ ȇ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ Ȋșȍ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȕȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ șȓȈȉȣȔ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǪȍȓȤȉȖȚȣ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ Ȋ
ȔȐȓȍ ȖȚ ȕȈș Ȑ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȒȐȚȖȔ ȊȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȤ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȋțșȚȖ ȏȈȘȖșȓȈ ȗȓȈȒț-
ȟȐȔȐ ȐȊȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȊȣȠȍ Ǵȣ șȔȖȚ-


32
ȘȍȓȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǪȍȓȤȉȖȚȣ ȖȉȘȍȏȈȓȐ ȉțȒșȐȘȕȣȍ ȒȈȕȈȚȣ Ȑ
ȏȈȚȖȘȖȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȓȦȌȐ ȋȘȍȉȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȔȖȋț ȊȈȔ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ — ȗȘȧȔȖ ț ȕȈș ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȖȌȐȕ
ȒȖȕȍȞ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȜțȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤ-
Ƞȍ ȕȈȊȐș ȕȈȌ ȒȐȚȖȔ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȘȣȉȐȕȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔ
Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋșȧ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȌȖ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ țȘȖȊȕȧ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ
ȒȖșȚȍȘ ȇ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȗȖȌȏȖȘȕțȦ ȚȘțȉț — Ȑ ȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȕȖ țȉȍȌȐȓ-
șȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ
ǿȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȣ șȒȈȎț ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȐȎȕȍȔ ȊȍȒȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȓȈ ȒȘțȗȕȈȧ ȘȣȉȈ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȗȘȍ-
țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȕȈ ș ȊȏȘȖșȓțȦ ȚȘȍșȒț ȇ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȖȒțȓȧȘ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ ȘȖȚ Ȑ ȕȍ
țșȗȍȓȐ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȣ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ
ȔȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ ș ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȖȊ
ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȖȕȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȖ-
ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ ț ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȕȖ ȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȊ ȎțȚȒȐȍ ȏțȉȣ — ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȖ
ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȍ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȗțȠȒȐ — Ȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȉȣȓ ȊȌȊȖȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȍȍ ȚțȠȐ ȒȐȚȈ ǻȊȐȌȍȊ ȥȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ
ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȉȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȒȈȕȈȚȣ Ȑ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖșțȎȌȈȚȤ
Ȑȝ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ȒȐȚȈ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȑ ȖȕȐ
ȉȣȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȟȍȕȣ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȝ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȌȈȚȤ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ ȕȍ ȔȖȘȋȕțȊ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐ-
ȓȖ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȒȐȚȈ ș ȚȖȘȟȈȡȍȑ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȓțȌȦȎȐȕȖȑ ȋȈȘȗțȕȖȊ
ǬȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȕȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȕȘȈ-
ȊȐȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȟțȌȐȡȍ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ
ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȔ ȈȗȗȍȚȐȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȔȐ Dz ȕȈȠȍȔț ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔț ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȐȦ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȍȕ — ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȋȈȘȗțȕȣ Ȋ șȗȐȕȍ ȒȐȚȈ ȗȘȐȠ-
ȓȐșȤ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȖ ȊȒțșț ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȖ-
ȏȊȈȚȤ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ șȖȊȍȚ Ȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȋ
ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȑ Ȕȣ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȏțȉȈșȚțȦ
ȗȈșȚȤ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ șȓȍȌțȍȚ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȚȤ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț
ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȒȖȕȞț
ȚȍȓȈ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ Ȓ ȝȊȖșȚț


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ǵȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȝȊȖșȚ" Ƕȕ
ȉȣȓ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȟȚȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ-
ȓȐ Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ Ȑ ȧ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȧ
Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȌțȘȕȖȋȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȚ ȗȖȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ
ǷȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȠȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȖȊȣȔ ȗȖ ȕȈȊȍȚȘȍȕȕȖȔț ȉȖȘȚț
ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȔȐȓȍ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍ ȗȖȌȔȐȋȐȊȈȓ
ȓȍȊȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȓȧȝ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ ȗȖ ȗȖȌȊȍȚȘȍȕȕȖȔț Țȧ-
ȕțȓȖșȤ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȊȠȍȍșȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȑ Țȍ-
ȘȧȊȠȍȍșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȐȐ ǷȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȓȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ
Ȕȣ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȤ
Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȏȈ ȘȧȌȣ
ȗȓȈȒțȟȐȝ ȐȊ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗțȟȒȈȔȐ ȊȖȓȖș șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȊȠȐȝ ȋȘȐȊț
ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ Ȉ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȖȎȐȊȠȐȑ ȝȖȓȔ — ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ ȟȍȓȦ-
șȚȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȚȤ ȒȐȚȈ
ǴȖȎȍȚȍ ȉȣȚȤ țȊȍȘȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓȐșȤ ȐȏȉȈ-
ȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ șȖșȍȌșȚȊȈ ȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȐȓȐ
ȖȒȖȓȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȒȖȕȟȐȒț ȝȊȖșȚȈ ȟȍȔ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȍ ǴȈȓȖ ȚȖȋȖ șțȌȧ ȗȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔ ȒȖȔȗȈșȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȖșȤ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȏȈȋȕțȓȖ ȝȊȖșȚ ȊȕțȚȘȤ Ƕș-
ȔȍȓȦșȤ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ Ȋșȍ șȓȣȝȈȓȐ Ȗȉ țȎȈșȕȖȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȓȐȊȍ ȔȍȎȌț ǹȐȞȐȓȐȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȍȔ ǨȗȍȕȕȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȓțȖ-
șȚȘȖȊȈ ǹ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ șȒȈȓȣ ǪȖȓ-
ȕȣ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ș ȋȘȖȔȖȊȣȔ ȠțȔȖȔ ǰȝ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ șȒȈ-
ȓȈȔȐ ǹȞȐȓȓȣ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔȐ-
ȋȖȔ ȘȈȏȉȐȚ Ȋ ȡȍȗȣ ǹ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕ ȎțȚȒȐȑ
ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚ ǽȈȘȐȉȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȌȍȓȍȕ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȔȖȑ șȐ-
ȓȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȓȤ ȗȘȐȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ Ȑ ȏȈșȈ-
șȣȊȈȍȚ Ȑȝ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌț ȒȈȒ șȖȓȖȔȐȕȒȐ ǺȘȍȉțȍȚșȧ ȕȍȔȈȓȖȍ Ȑș-
ȒțșșȚȊȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȖȓȐȊ ȚȈȒ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ
țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚ șțȗȍȘȒȈȘȋȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ ȒțȗȞȈ ȟȍȑ șțȌȖȊȖȑ
ȎțȘȕȈȓ ȧ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȟȐȚȈȓ ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȏȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ
ȅȕȍȑ Ȉ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȍȋȖ — ǷȈȓȐȕțȘ ȕȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȓȖȎȐȓȖșȤ Ȋȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ ȚȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȣȌțȔȖȒ Ȑ ȎȈȓȤ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȣ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȣ
Ǫ ȖȉȡȍȔ Ȕȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȚȖȚ
ȌȘȍȊȕȐȑ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȔȍȎȌț ǹȞȐȓȓȖȑ
Ȑ ǽȈȘȐȉȌȖȑ ǷȓȣȊȧ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ
Ȕȣ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȓȐ țȋȖȌȐȚȤ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡț Ȋ ȗȈșȚȤ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ — ȗȖȓț-


34
ȟȐȚȤ șȖȒȘțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ țȌȈȘ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ ȍșȓȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȐȔȍȓșȧ ȝȊȖșȚ Ȋ ȟȍȔ Ȕȣ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ țȊȍȘȍȕȣ ǪȖȖȘțȎȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȗȖȌȏȖȘȕȖȑ ȚȘțȉȖȑ ȧ ȖȉȊȖȌȐȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȊșȦȌț ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȖ ȊȍȚȘț ȊȐȌ-
ȕȍȓșȧ ȒȓȖȟȖȒ ȖȚ ȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȚțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȕȣ Ȑ șȗȍȠȐȓȐ ȐȏȖ
Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȔȍȎȌț ǹȞȐȓ-
ȓȖȑ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ȏȔȍȧ Ȑ ǽȈȘȐȉȌȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȈșȚȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ șțȎȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȇ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȑ
ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ Ȑ ǬȎȍȘȘȐ ǪȐȓȒȐȕș ǷȖȊȍȘȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖȚ ǬȎȍȘȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȝȊȖșȚ" ©ǪȐȎț ȊȐȎțª — ȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ Ȗȕ — ȕț ȚȖȟȕȖ ǵȐȈȋȈȘșȒȐȑ ȊȖȌȖȗȈȌ ȚȈȕȞțȦȡȐȑ ȌȎȐ-
ȋț ǰ ȉțȌȤ ȧ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȏȈșțȕțȓ
ȒȖȕȟȐȒ ȝȊȖșȚȈ Ȋ ȗȈșȚȤª ǩȖȋȖȔ ȒȓȧȕțșȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ǬțȔȈȦ
ț ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȈ ȋȘȍȚȤșȧ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ
Ȋ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ ǺȈȒ ȏȔȍȑ Ȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȚȘȍșȒȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȓȈȊȒȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȈ ȘȣȉȖȑ
Ǵȣ țȋȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȦ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȉțȌȍȚ șȗȈȚȤ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ șțȌȧ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔ ȗȘȖ-
șȗȈȚȤ ȋȖȌ ȐȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȓȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȖȘȕțȚȤ ȕȈ
ȟȈșȖȒ ǵȈȔ ȋȘȖȏȐȓȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ Ȕȣ Ȗȟț-
ȚȐȓȐșȤ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȖȔ ȖȏȍȘȍ Ȑ ©ǬȐȌȌȓȍțșª ȉȖȓȚȈȓșȧ
ȗȖșȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȐȋȘțȠȍȟȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐȒ ǴȖȎȍȚȍ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ șȍȉȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȇ ȖȌ-
ȕȈȒȖ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȓțȟȠȐȔ șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋȍ ȏȔȍȧ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȚ Ȑȏ ȗȈșȚȐ ȒȖȕȟȐȒ ȝȊȖșȚȈ
Ȕȣ șȔȖȎȍȔ ȖȉȖȋȕțȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ Ȑ șȗȈșȚȐșȤ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ
ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȈ ȊȐ-
ȌȖȔ ȥȚȐȝ ȟȍȓȦșȚȍȑ — Ȉ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȒȈ șȖȔȒȕțȚȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣ-
ȊȈȑȚȍ — Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȑ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ȋȓȈȏȕȐȞȣ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȋȖȚȖ-
Ȋȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȏȉțȕȚȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȐȓȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ
Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȚȗȓȣȚȤ
ǵȈ ȉȖȘȚț ț ȕȈș ȉȣȓ ȖȌȐȕ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ǬȎȖ ǽȖȉșȖȕ
DzȖȔȈȕȌȈ șȟȐȚȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȘȈȒțȓȖȔ ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȖȚ șȚȘȈ-
ȝȈ șȓțȠȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȉ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȟȈșȚȖ șȓȣȠȈȓ
ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȗ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȏȔȍȧȝ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖșȔȍȓȐȊȈȓșȧ țȚȊȍȘȎ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ȗȕ Ȓȓȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȏȔȍȐ
ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȊȗȈȌȈȦȚ Ȋ șȗȧȟȒț ȕȈ Ȟȍȓȣȝ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ Ȉ ȚȖ Ȑ


35
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȉ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ țȔȘȍȔ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ ǵȖ
ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȕȍ șțȔȍȍȔ
ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȚȖ șȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ȊȣȓȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȣȉȖȑ Ȉ ȊȖ-
ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓ ȗȓȈȕ șȗȈșȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ-ȚȈȒȐ
țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȍȋȖ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ Ǵȣ ȖȚȌȈȓȐȓȐșȤ
ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ ȕȈ ȔȐȓȦ ȖȚ ȠȍȐ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȗȓȣȚȤ
ȊȌȖȓȤ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȐ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȐȏȋȐȉȈ ȉȍ-
ȘȍȋȈ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȗȓȣȚȤ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȝȊȖșȚȈ Ȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ
ȅȚȈ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧ ȏȈȕȧȓȈ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȉȣȓ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȓȈ ȕȈș Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ
ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȣ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ șȊȖȑ ȗȍȘȊȖȕȈȟȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȕ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȈȕȈȓ Ȍȓȧ șțȌȕȈ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ Țȍȓȍ
ȏȔȍȧ ȇ ȘȈșșțȌȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȥȚȖ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȊșȍȋȖ-ȕȈȊșȍȋȖ ȞȈ-
ȘȈȗȐȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȠȒțȘȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȕȍȚșȧ ȇ
ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȔȍȘȣ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȌȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȈȓȖ
ȒȚȖ ȉȣ ȌȖȌțȔȈȓșȧ ǻ ȒȖȘȈȉȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ȉȣȓ șȖȓȐȌȕȣȑ ȏȈ-
ȗȈș ȖȗȐȑȕȖȑ ȕȈșȚȖȑȒȐ Ȕȣ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȐ ȍȦ ȉȖȟȖȕȖȒ Ȑ ȧ ș ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȝȘȈȉȘȍȞȈȔȐ-ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȓ ȕȈ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȍ
Ȓ șȈȔȖȑ ȗȈșȚȐ ȏȔȍȧ Ǵȣ ȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȉȖȟȖȕȖȒ ȗȖ ȊȖȓȕȈȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȧȏȈȊ Ȓ ȏȈȚȣȟȒȍ ȓȐȕȤ — Ȑ, Ȓ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȉȖȟȖȕȖȒ
ȗȘȖȗȓȣȓ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȝȊȖșȚȈ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȋ ȗȈșȚȐ Ȕȣ ȌȍȘȕțȓȐ ȏȈ ȓȐȕȤ
ȏȈȚȣȟȒȈ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȈ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȑȒȈ ȖȗȐȧ ȊȓȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ țȚȘȖȉț ȏȔȍȧ
ǵȍ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ ȚȈȒȖȍ
ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȗȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȈȔ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȝȖȋșȝȍȌȈ ȕȖ ȕȈȠ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȎȌȈ ȍșȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȖ Ȓ ȖȗȐȦ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈ-
ȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȓȍȒȈȘșȚȊȖ șȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ Ȑ ȟȈ-
șȈ ȒȈȒ ȏȔȍȑ șȚȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȝȘȈȗȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȔȐȓȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ
ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȝȘȈȗ ȇ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ
Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȖȗȓȣȓȐ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ Ȓ șȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȚțȓȖȊȐ-
ȡȈ — ȚȈȔ ȘȈșșțȌȐȓ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȎȐȘȈ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐȋȓțȠȐȚȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ ǷȓȈȊȈȕȐȍ ȖȚȕȧ-
ȓȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȍȕȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ ȧ șȍȓ
Ȋ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȊȣșȈȌȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȗȐȕț ȏȔȍȧ ǵȍȘȊ-
ȕȐȟȈȓȐ Ȕȣ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȌȖȓȖȎț ȊȈȔ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȏȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ
ȗȖ ȌȖȕȍȓȤȏȧ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȐȔ ȉȖȒȈȔ ǵȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈȔ ȥȚȖ țȌȈȓȖșȤ
Ȑ ȕȈȠȐ ȗȐȓȣ Ȑ ȕȖȎȐ ȊȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȗȐȕț ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ǹȗȍȘȊȈ Ȕȣ


36
ȕȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȗȐȕț ȏȊȍȘȧ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ
ȟȍȠțȧ ȚȖȓȡȐȕȖȑ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȜțȚȖȊ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȉȐȓȐșȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȠȒțȘț Ȑ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȐ șȓȖȑ ȗȘȍȒ-
ȘȈșȕȖȋȖ șȈȓȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȐȚȖȊȖȍ. ǵȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȘȈȏȖȎȋȓȐ
ȖȋȕȐ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȒțșȒȖȊ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȣȚȈȗȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȊȖȘȊȈȕȤ
Ǵȣ ȚȘțȌȐȓȐșȤ ȉȍȏ țșȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȏȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȘȖȘțȉȐȓȐ ȒȈ-
ȕȈȓ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ȒȘȖȔȍ
ȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȠȐ ȚȘȦȔȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȉȐȚȣ ȉȖȟȖȕȒȈȔȐ ș ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȍȑ-
ȠȐȔ ȎȐȘȖȔ ȀȒțȘț Ȕȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȈȗȖșȓȍȌȖȒ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȚȖ-
ȋȕțȊ ȍȍ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȗȈȘțșȈ ǵȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȐ Ȕȣ ȌȖș-
ȚȐȟȤ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȣ șȗȐȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȠ ȒȐȓȤ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȡȍȒȖ-
ȚȈȓ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓ ȏȔȍȧ ȒȖȘȖȟȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ Ȋȣȗțș-
ȚȐȓ Ȑȏ ȗȈșȚȐ ȝȊȖșȚ Ȑ ȗȖȔȟȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȚȖ
ȍșȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȚțȌȈ ȒțȌȈ Ȕȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ǬȍȓȈȓ
Ȗȕ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ țȏȓȖȊ Ȋ ȟȈș Ȉ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖșȚȈȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ǪȍȚȘȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȊȏȧȓȐ
Ȋșȍ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȕȈ ȋȐȚȖȊȣ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȔȈȟȚȣ țȎ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȓȖȔȈȓȐșȤ
ȉȣǯȔȍȑ ȗȓȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȖȗȐțȔ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ șȕȖ-
ȊȈ șȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȗȕ șțȕțȓ Ȋ ȘȖȚ ȒȖȕȟȐȒ ȝȊȖșȚȈ
ȒȈȒ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȈȓȍȞ Ȑ ȏȈșȕțȓ ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ Ȕȣ șȖ-
șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȍ Dz șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȏȈȌțȓ
șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȦȎȕȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ Ȕȣ țȎ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍ
șȚȈȓȐ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȉ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȗȈȘțșȈ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ șȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȗȖ-
șȗȍȠȕȖșȚȤȦ țȌȈȓȧȚȤșȧ ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȓȐșȤ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȔȐ
ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȒȈȒ ȚȍȘȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ
ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ ȕȖ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȒȈ Ȕȣ
ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȏȔȍȧ — Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ
ȉȣȓ ȗȘȈȊ
ǬȊȈ Ȍȕȧ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȗȓȣȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȓȐȉȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟ-
ȕȣȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ șȍȉȧ
ȕȖ ȚțȚ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȉȐȓȐ ȌȊȍ șȒȓȧȕȒȐ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȊȈȝȚȣ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ȋ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ
șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȌȊȈ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȝ Ȗȋȕȧ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȓȐȎȈȦȚșȧ ǹȗȍȘȊȈ ȧ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȈȧȒȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ
ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ ȒȖȔȗȈș țȉȍ-
ȌȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȒțȘșȖȔ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȘȐȕȍșȠȐȑ ȕȍȊȣȕȖ-


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șȐȔȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ șȍȘȣ Ǵȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ țȎȈșȕȈȧ ȐșȚȐȕȈ ȕȈș ȗȘȍ-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ — ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ Ƕș-
ȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ǵȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȧ
ȓȐșȍȓȐ Ȉ ©ǬȐȌȌȓȍțșª țȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖȝȖȌȕȣȔ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȔ
 Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȟȤ ǯȔȍȑ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚȈȊȈȓ Ǵȣ ȗȖȓȈ-
ȋȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓȈ ȓȍȋȒȈȧ ȉȖȓȤ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȔȐ
ȞȈȘȈȗȐȕȣ Ȋ șȗȐȕȍ Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȗȓȣȚȤ ȌȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ Ȑ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȏȔȍȧ ȝȖȚȤ Ȗȕ Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȦ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ
DzȓȧȕțșȤ ǩȖȋȖȔ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȈșȕȖ Ǵȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ
Ȋȣȗțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȗȈȝ șȍȘȣ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȘȣȒ ȏȔȍȧ — Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȘȈȎȍȕ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȉȍșȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȚȤ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ șȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȑ Ȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȎȐȘȖȔ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ
ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȤȦ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ ȒȐȚȈ ǬȈ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȎțȚȒȖȍ
ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȝțȎȍ Ȗȕ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȌȕȍȔ Ǫ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȏȖȘȕȣȍ ȚȘțȉȣ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ș
ȌȦȎȐȕȖȑ ȘȧȌȖȊ ȖșȚȘȣȝ ȒȓȣȒȖȊ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖ ȉȖȒȈȔ
ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȠȍșȚȤȌȍ-
șȧȚ ȜțȚȖȊ DzȈȒ Ȋȣ țȎȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐșȗțȋȈȚȤ ȚȘțȌȕȖ
ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȈȘȧȌȐȓ ȒȖȘȔȖȊȣȍ ȖȘțȌȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȗȈȓȐȚȤ ȗȖ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡț ȕȈȌȍȧșȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȊȈȌȐȚȤ ǵȍ ȚțȚ-ȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȧȌȘȈ ȘȍȌȒȖ
ȌȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȌȖȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȝȖȚȤ ȗțȠȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȖȐȔ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ
ȐȔȍȓȐ ȌȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ șȚȘȍȓȤȉȣ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȔȐȓȤ Ȉ Țȍ ȧȌȘȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȖ-
ȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȏȔȍȑ ȋȓȖȚȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȐȓȦȓȐ ǷȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ-
ȊȈȚȖ ȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȖȉȖȑ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ
ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȓȣȓ ȊȖȌȈ ȒȓȖȒȖ-
ȚȈȓȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȊȏȓȍȚȈȓȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȍȕȐșȚȣȔȐ ȜȖȕ-
ȚȈȕȈȔȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȓ ȊȖȓȕȣ ǸȍȟȤ ȠȓȈ Ȗ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȐ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȗȈșȈȧșȤ ȟȚȖ
ȏȔȍȑ ȒȐȕȍȚșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȕȈș ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȕȣ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȐ
ȥȒȊȈȚȖȘȈ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȧȌȘȖ ȏȈȌȍȓȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȚȤ ȥȒȊȈȚȖȘ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ
ȊȖȌȣ ȗȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȍȔț ȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ — ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ
ȔȐȋ Ȕȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȋ ȊȖȏ-
Ȍțȝ ȊȏȔȍȚȕțȓșȧ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȜȖȕȚȈȕ Ȑ ȏȔȍȑ ș ȊșȗȓȍșȒȖȔ
ȕȣȘȕțȓ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȘȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȈș Ȑ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȐ Ǵȣ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȌȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖ dzȐȊȍȘȗțȓȧ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȌȈȓȐ ȊȖȘȊȈȕȤ ȏȈ ȝȖ-


Ɇ ɋɬɪɚɤɨɲ ɉɨɥɶɤɚ ©Ɇɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɡɦɟɣª Ȼɨɫɬɨɧ-ɇɶɸ-Ɉɪɥɟɚɧ
ɨɤ 


ȅȎȞșȪȕ ǿȖȏȓȞȖ
ǽǼǶǺǸǮ ǺǼǾǿǸǼDZǼ ǵǺdzȍ
(1852)


41
DzȖȘȈȉȓȤ ©ǴȖȕȖȕȋȈȝȍȓȈª Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ  ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ 1852
Ǫ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȦ ©ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒ ǺȘȐȉȦȕª
ǹ ȔȈȘșȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ. DzȈȒ ȊȐȌȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘ Ȑ ȧ
șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȚȤ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ ǹȖȍȌȐ-
ȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȀȚȈȚȖȊ ȗȘȐ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȐȔȍȦȡȍȑ șȈ-
ȔȖȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȍ ȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȜȈȒȚȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȐȔȒȐ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ — ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȔȐ-
ȜȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ǪȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȕȣȕȍ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ Șȍ-
Ƞȍȕ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȕȍțșȚȘȈȠȐȔȖșȚȐ ȧȕȒȐ Ȑ ȧ șȖ
Ȋșȍȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȧȚ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ǻȚȘȖȔ  ȧȕȊȈȘȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȐ  ȋȘ  ȔȐȕ ȦȎȕȖȑ
ȠȐȘȖȚȣ Ȑ  ȋȘ  ȔȐȕ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȑ ȌȖȓȋȖȚȣ ȌȖȏȖȘȕȣȑ șȚȖȧȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȕȈ șȈȓȐȕȋȍ ȜȖȒ-ȔȈȟȚȣ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ©ǩȍȓȈȧ ȊȖȌȈª Ȑ Ȋ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ©ǫȌȍ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ"ª ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȓ ©Ǫ ȌȊțȝ ȘțȔ-
ȉȈȝ ȗȖȌ ȊȍȚȘȖȔª ǷȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȊ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȕț ȊȏȉȐȓȐ șȗȍȘȔȈȞȍ-
ȚȖȊȣȍ ȒȐȚȣ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȧșȤ ȗȖȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȚȘȦȔȣ ȧ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓ țȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒț Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȍȌȓȧ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȖș ș ȗȖȌȏȖȘȕȖȑ
ȚȘțȉȖȑ ǯȈȔȍȟț ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȕȣ ȍȌ-
ȊȈ ȗȖȓȏȓȐ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȊȍȚȍȘ ȉȣȓ șȓȈȉȣȔ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȟȐȊȣȔ
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ țȚȘȖȔ -ȋȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȏȈȌțȓ ȕȈ ȏȦȑȌ-ȏȦȑȌ-ȊȍșȚ șȌȍȓȈȓ-
șȧ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȋȘȖȏȐȓ țȘȈȋȈȕȖȔ ȇ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȖșț
ȖȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈșȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ
©ȉȍȓțȦ ȊȖȌțª Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȉȣȓȖ ©șȚȈ-
ȌȖª ȐȓȐ ȚȖȟȕȍȍ ȒȖșȧȒ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ șȊȐȕȍȑ ǮȍȓȈȧ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȔ ȧ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȍȘȊȖȔț ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒț — ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț țȎȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȉȐȓȖ șȍȔȤ șȒȓȧȕȖȒ — șȊȐșȚȈȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ȉȘȈșȖȗȐȚȤ ȘȍȐ Ȑ
ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȓȐșȍȓȐ ǵȈșȚțȗȈȓ ȟȈș ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈ ȇ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐ-
Ȓț ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȏ ȊȖșȚȘȖ Ȑ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ș ȒȐȟȒȐ ǵȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȧ
șȚțȗȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȑ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȣȑ
ȒȘȐȒ ǶȕȕȍȚț ǪȈȕȤȧț ȊȣȝȖȌȞȈ ș ǴȈȘȒȐȏșȒȐȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ
— Ǩȝ ǹȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ǴȖȧ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ — șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȈȧ — șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ


42
Ǫșȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȌȐȒȈȘȦ Ǫșȍ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ
ȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȗȖȌȊȍȚȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȈȒȖ-
ȊȐȕȍ ȇ ȓȐȠȤ țșȗȍȓ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȐșȟȍȏȈȊȠțȦ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȟȍȘȕțȦ
șȗȐȕț ǺțȏȍȔȍȞ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș
ȏȈȧȊȐȓ
— ǵȍ ȒȐȚ — șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ — șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȚȖȓșȚȈȧ —
șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ǴȖȧ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȘȣȉȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ —
ȔȖȧ ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȒțȌȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȘȣȉȈ ȐȓȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȧ ȗȘȐ-
Ȋȍȓ Ȓ ȊȍȚȘț Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȌȐȓșȧ țȓȖȎȐȚȤ
șȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȣ Ȉ Ȑȝ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȈȔ șȚȖȧȚȤ ȕȈȋȖȚȖȊȍ ǷȖȟ-
ȟȚȐ ȟȈș Ȕȣ ȉȍȏțșȗȍȠȕȖ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ
țȎȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȍȧșȤ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȐȚȈ ȧ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȉȘȈșȖȗȐȚȤ Ȑ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ
Ȋ ȒȈȦȚț ǺțȏȍȔȍȞ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȣ
ȗȖȕțȒȈȍȔȣȑ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȊȍȘȧȓȐ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȖȠȐȉșȧ. ǵȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ șȗțșȚȧ ǶȕȕȍȚț ȌȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȚț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȐȏȌȈȊ ȒȘȐȒ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍȐșȚȖ-
Ȋȣȑ ȟȍȔ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȇ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȕȍ-
ȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ȔȐȓȍ ș ȗȖȌȊȍȚȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈ șȈȔȖȍ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ
șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȊȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤ Ȋ ȔȖȘȧȝ ǶȕȖ
ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȕȖ ©ȊȣȋȐȉȈȓȖșȤª ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȔ Ȗ
șȗȍȘȔȈȞȍȚȖȊȣȝ ȒȐȚȈȝ ȇ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȕȧȓ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȒȐȚ.
ǫȖȓȖȊț ȧ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȖ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ
ȊȍȘȍȊȒȈ ȍșȓȐ ȏȈȎȈȚȤ ȍȍ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ Ȑ ȊșȚȘȧȝȕțȚȤ Ǫșȍ ȕȍ șȊȖȌȐ-
ȓȐ ȋȓȈȏ ș șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȐȏȌȈ-
ȊȈȓ ȕȐ ȏȊțȒȈ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȊșȗȓȣȓȖ Ȑ
ȓȍȋȓȖ ȕȈ ȊȖȌț ǬȓȐȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȖȑ DzȖȕȟȐȒ ȝȊȖș-
ȚȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȏȈȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȐȓȐ ȏȈȊȐȉȘȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȊșȗȍȕȐȊȈȧ ȊȖȌț.
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ
ȕȈȉȖȒ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȔȖȕșȚȘ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȈȋȖȕȐȐ ȐȓȐ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȓșȧ
— ȅȚȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ. — Dz ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȈȔ
dzȦȌȐ ȔȍȌȓȐȓȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— DzȈȒȈȧ ȗȖȓȤȏȈ șȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȘȈȌȐ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȣ" ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȍȔ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȐȋȘȈȍȔ ȒȘȖȔȍ
ȇ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ șȖȉȘȈȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ DzȖȋȌȈ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ ȊȣșȚȘȖȐȓȐșȤ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȐȔ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȟț ©ȌȖȉȣȚȤª ȥȚȖ șȖȏȌȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȇ țȉȍȎȌȈȓ Ȑȝ șȖ ȊșȍȔ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȔ Ȕȕȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȍȔ. ȇ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ Ȋ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ


43
ȏȔȍȧ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț Ȋșȧ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ șȓțȟȈȑȕțȦ ȊșȚȘȍȟț ș ȕȐȔ
ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȒȐȚȖȉȖȑȞȈ — Ȑ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȔ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ
ȘȈșșȒȈȎȍȔ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȔȈ ȕȈș ȗȖȌȕȐȔțȚ ȕȈ șȔȍȝ Ȋșȍ ȉțȌțȚ
ȐȏȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ șȗȘȖșȧȚ ©ǷȖȟȍ-
Ȕț Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓȐșȤ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȓȖȊȐȚȤ?» ǬȈȓȍȍ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȕȈ ȒȖȕț ȕȈȠȍ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈȠȈ ȖȚȊȈȋȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȓȈȊȈ ȊșȍȋȖ ȈȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȒȐȚȖȉȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȏȊȈȓ Ȓ Ȑȝ ȒȖȘȣșȚȖȓȦȉȐȦ ȕȈȔȍȒȕțȊ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ șȔȖȎȍȔ ȊȍȘȖȧȚ-
ȕȖ ȖȚȉțȒșȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȔȍȧ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȦȎȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȚȖȊ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣȊȈȦ ȕȐȒȖȔț șȈȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȣ — șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ȧ — ȕȖ ȒȚȖ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȞȍȔ"
Dz ȟȍșȚȐ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕ-
Ȟȣ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȠȈȋȕțȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǯȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ
Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȚțȏȍȔȞȈ Ȑ ȌȊțȝ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȟȈȕ
ȇ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈȔ Ȑ ȘțȓȍȊȣȔ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȣ Ȑ
țȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ȇ țȎȍ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ Ȋ ȔȖȑ
ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȔȍȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ
ȗȖȋȕȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȒȘȍȗȟȈȓ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȓ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȘȈș-
șȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ ȕȈșȚȐȟȤ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȉțȘȧ șȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȥȚȖ
ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ǯȔȍȑ ȗȓȣȓ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖ ȖȚ ȕȈș
ȐȌȚȐ ȉȍȑȌȍȊȐȕȌ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ Ȕȣ ȓȐȠȐȓȐșȤ ȜȖȘ-ȉȘȈȔ-șȚȍȕȤȋȐ,
ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȕȍțȌȈȟȍȑ ǴȈȓȖ ȚȖȋȖ Ȕȣ ȗȖȚȍȘȧ-
ȓȐ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț Ǵȣ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȐșȗȘȈȊȐȓȐ ȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȗȓȣȚȤ ȕȈȌȍȧșȤ ȌȖȋȕȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȔȍȐȕȖȍ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ǴȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȈșȈ șȗțșȚȧ Ȕȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȏȔȍȧ șȕȖȊȈ Ȗȕ
ȖȚȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǪșȒȖȘȍ Ȗȕ șȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȓ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȊȍȘșȍ Ȑ ȧ ȓȍȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȋȈȓș ǪȍȚȍȘ Ȍțȓ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ șȐ-
ȓȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȘȐȜȣ ȕȈ ȉȘȈȔșȍȓȧȝ Ȑ ȒȘȦȑ-
șȍȓȍ ǯȔȍȑ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȊȕȖȊȤ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȔȐȓȍ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ șțȌȕȈ. Ƕȕ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȓșȧ Ȋ
ȕȈȊȍȚȘȍȕȕțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȊ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȒȘțȋ ȇ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȐȚȈȓ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șȓȈȉțȦ ȕȈȌȍȎȌț ȍȋȖ ȕȈșȚȐȟȤ Ȑ Ȓ
ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȊȊȐȌț ȉȓȐȏȧȡȍȑșȧ ȉțȘȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ șȗțșȒȈȚȤ
ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȣ ǵȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȟȈș ȗȘȖȉȐȓ ȏȔȍȑ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ
ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ ș ȗȖȌȊȍȚȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȔȐȓȍ ȖȚ ȕȈș Ǵȣ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȓȐȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȉșȚȍȕȐȓȐ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓțȟȠȍ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ș
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȔ ȧ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȗȍȘȊȖȔț ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒț ȖșȚȈȊȈȊȠȍȔțșȧ ȕȈ șțȌ-


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ȕȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ ȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȕȈș
Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț ǪșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ Ȕȣ șȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȣ ȔȖȑ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚ
Ƞȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȉ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȋȕȈȓȐ ȕȈș Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȍȚȘȍȕȕțȦ
șȚȖȘȖȕț Ǵȣ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȘȍȉȒȖȊ Ȑ ȧ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Șțȓȍ-
ȊȖȔț ǬȎȍȑȔșț ǻȐȚȔȖȘț țȘȖȎȍȕȞț ǪȍȘȔȖȕȚȈ
— ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȑșȧ
Ƕȕ șȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ Ȑ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖȑ ȖȚȊȈȋȖȑ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ
șȊȖȍ ©ȎȍȓȍȏȖª ȋȈȘȗțȕȣ
 Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȏȕȈȒ ȖȉȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȘț-
ȌȐȧ ș ȔȖȓȕȐȍȕȖșȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȗȖ ȘțȒȖȧȚȤ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȓȍȎȈȊȠȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
— ǺȈȉȈȕȤ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ ȕȖ ȏȔȍȑ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ
ȇ ȗȖȔȍȕȧȓșȧ ȔȍșȚȈȔȐ ș ȘțȓȍȊȣȔ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȖșȚȘȖȋț Ȋȍ-
ȓȍȊ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȍ ȋȘȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȞȍȓȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȍȓȧ țȌȈȘȈ ǵȖ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȚȍȓȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȏȈȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȐȏȖȋȕțȓ ȝȊȖșȚ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋț ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ©ȏȈȓȐȏȈȚȤ ȘȈȕțª
ǮțȚȒȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȕȈȊȐșȓȈ ȕȈȌ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȖȔ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȊ ȔȈȚȘȖ-
șȖȊ țȎȈșȖȔ. ǺȘȖȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓȐ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȇ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ
ȊȣȚȧȕțȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȖșȚȘȖȋț Ȑ ȍȍ ȖșȚȘȐȍ ȗȘȖȚȒȕțȓȖ ȋȓȈȏ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ǯȔȍȑ ȌȍȘȕțȓșȧ șȉȐȊ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȕȖȋ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓ Ȋ ȒȐ-
ȗȧȡțȦ ȊȖȌț ǪȣȕȣȘȕțȊ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦ-
ȡȍȍșȧ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȐ ȚȍȓȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȖȊȣȑ țȌȈȘ Ȑ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȣ ǵȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓ Ȋ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȈȊȖȑ ȗȍȕȣ ȏȔȍȑ țȎȍ Ȑșȟȍȏ
— ǬȍȘȎȐȚȍ ȓȐȕȤ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ
ǺȘȍȚȐȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǩȍȕșȖȕ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț
ȓȐȕȦ ȉțȝȚț șȊȖȍȋȖ Ȑ ȚȖȚ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ șȚȈȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈȏȔȈȚȣȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ. DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȊȚȈȡȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȊȍȓȤ-
ȉȖȚ. ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȌȖșȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ —
ȖȌȐȕ ȉȣȓ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȐșȞȈȘȈȗȈȕ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȉȍȏ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ
ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȦȚ Ȋ ȌȖȉȘȖȔ ȏȌȘȈ-
ȊȐȐ ǺȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȏȔȍȑ ȘȈȏȔȖȚȈȓ ȖȉȈ ȓȐȕȧ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȈȡȐȓ
ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȓȐȕȤ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ. ȇ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒț ȗȖȌ-
ȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȓȐȕȤ ș ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ǯȔȍȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈȔ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț șȚȘȈȊȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȓȐȕȤ ȖȗȈșȈȧșȤ ȟȚȖ
ȋȈȘȗțȕȣ ȊȣșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȚ ǵȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȗȖȘȈȝ ȓȐȕȤ ȘȈȏȔȈȚȣȊȈȓ-
șȧ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȓȖșȤ.
ǺȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȕȖșȖȊȖȋȖ ȚȘȦȔȈ ȏȈȗȈș-


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ȕȖȑ ȓȐȕȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȚȤ Ȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ǹȚȘȈȠȈșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ
șȊȖȐȔ ȊȍșȖȔ ȊȣȘȊȍȚ ȋȈȘȗțȕȣ ȧ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓ Ȓ ȓȐȕȦ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
©ȊȖȓȖȒțȠª Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȍȕ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓ
ȍȋȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȦ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ
Ǫ ȊȖȌț țȝȖȌȐȓȐ șȍȑȟȈș ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȓȐȕȧ ș ȚȘȍȝ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȖȊ Ȑ ș
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȗȖ  șȈȎȍȕȍȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑ ȌȊȍ ȚȘȍȚȐ ȏȈȗȈșȕȖȋȖ ȓȐ-
ȕȧ ȍȡȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ  șȈȎȍȕȍȑ — Ȋ Ȗȉȡȍȑ șȓȖȎȕȖșȚȐ 1,000 șȈ-
Ȏȍȕȍȑ ȗȖ ȠȍșȚȤ ȜțȚȖȊ ȐȓȐ  ȜțȚȖȊ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȐȓȐ Ȑ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȊȖșȤȔȖȑ ȕȍȔȣșȓȐȔȈȧ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈ ǬȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȋȓț-
ȉȐȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔ ǪȍȚȍȘ Ȍțȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȖ Ȋșȍȑ
ȧȘȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȧ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȓșȧ ȓȐȠȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ
ȕȈ ȗȓȈȊț ǷȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȈȔ ȋȘȖȏȐȓȈ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ
ȗȍȘȍȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȓȐȕȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȒȘȍȗȐȚȤ
ȕȍȊȏȐȘȈȧ ȕȈ ȘȐșȒ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤ ȋȈȘȗțȕȣ Ȑȏ ȚȍȓȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ Ǵȣ
șȗțșȚȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȍ ȗȈȘțșȈ Ȑ ȧ șȚȈȓ ș ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȚ-ȊȖȚ ȔȖȋ ȊșȗȓȣȚȤ ȏȔȍȑ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȓȐȕȤ ȐȓȐ
ȊȣșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȚȤ ȋȈȘȗțȕ Ǫ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ ȗȖȗȖȓțȌȕȐ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȕȈȟȈȓ
ȔȍȕȧȚȤ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȔ ȕȈ ȘțȒț Ȉ Ȓ ȗȧȚȤ ȟȈșȈȔ Ȓ
ȕȈȠȍȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ șȚȈȓ șȚȐȝȈȚȤ Ǫ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ
ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȑ ȠȚȐȓȤ dzȐȕȤ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȚȧȕțȚ ǵȖȟȤ ȊȣȌȈȓȈșȤ ȟțȌȍș-
ȕȈȧ ǵȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȓȖșȤ ȧșȕȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȖȡțȡȈȓșȧ Ȋȍ-
ȚȍȘȖȒ ȊȖȌȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȔȍȓȒȖȑ ȘȧȉȤȦ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȕȍ șȔȣ-
ȒȈȓ ȋȓȈȏ — Ȋșȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȏȔȍȍ ǩȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȓȍȋ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ǯȔȍȑ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȊȕȐȏț ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ǷȖ-
ȘȈȏȔȣșȓȐȊ ȕȈȌ ȥȚȐȔ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȍȋȖ ©ȒȖȕȍȒª ȊȐ-
ȌȐȔȖ ȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȔȈ Ǫ  ȟȈșȈ țȚȘȈ 
ȧȕȊȈȘȧ șȗțșȚȧ  ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȐșȈȚȤ ǹ ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȉȘȈȕȠȗȐȓȧ Ȕȣ șȔȖȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȊȈ ȓȐȕȧ
Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȘȣȊȖȒ ǵȈȚȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȈȓȖ
ȇ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȊșȍȔ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈȚȤ Ǵȣ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȐ ȍȡȍ
țȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ș ȍȌȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȠ ȒȖȒ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
— ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ
Ǫșȍ ȔȐȋȖȔ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ǬȈ ȏȔȍȑ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓ ȕȖ
Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȉ — ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȐ șȘȍȌ-
ȕȦȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ ȒțȌȈ țȋȖȌȐȓȐ ȋȈȘȗțȕȣ
ȇ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ șȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȚȘȐ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȈ Ǵȣ ȉȐȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ
ȚȍȓȖ ȖșȚȘȖȋȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȏȔȍȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȖȊ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ Ȉ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȗȓȈ-


46
ȊȈȓȐ ȖȠȔȍȚȒȐ ȔȧșȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȏȈ ȒțșȒȐ ȓȍȋȒȐȝ ȊȣȘ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȠȐȔȐ ȖșȚȘȖȋȈȔȐ ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȣ
ȌȖȊȍșȚȐ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȖșȣȗȈȚȤ ȏȔȍȧ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ,
ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȊȖ-
Ȍȣ Ȕȣ ȖȚȗȓȣȓȐ ȕȈȏȈȌ — Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȎțȚȒȖȑ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȈȋȖȕȐȐ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ǵȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ ȊȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ
ȥȚț țȎȈșȕțȦ șȞȍȕț ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȍȚ ǺȍȓȖ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȓȖșȤ
ș ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ Țȣșȧ-
ȟȐ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȍș ǫȖȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȝȊȖșȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȒȐȗȧȡȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȗȍȕȣ Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȓ-
șȧ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȚțșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȍȖȗȐ-
șțȍȔȖȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊșȍȓȧȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐ șȍȘȌȞȈ țȎȈș
ǯȔȍȑ ȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȕȊțȓȤșȐȧȝ ȔȐȕțȚ - Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȚȐȝ
ǷȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȚȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ țȗȈȓȈ ȚȍȓȖ ȟțȚȤ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȘ-
ȓȖ ȇ șȕȧȓ Ƞȓȧȗț Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ©țȘȈª
ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȒȈȚȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȠȐȔȐ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȈȔȐ ǵȈȠȈ ȌȖ-
ȉȣȟȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȈ Dz șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȚțȠȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖ-
șȚȐ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȕȈȑȚȖȊȐȓȐ ȍȍ Ȓ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȦ Ȉ ȚȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȚțȠȈ
ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȓȍȋȓȈ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȖȔ Ǫșȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȔȍȧ ș ȗȈȓțȉȣ ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ©țȘȈª Ȑ ȧ
ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȕȣ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐ șȖȊȍȚ ȇ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȊșȍȔ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȚȤ
șȊȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ǷȖșȓȍ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȓ ȏȈ-
ȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȦ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ șȔȖȎȍȔ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȏȊȍȘȧ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚ ȞȍȓȐ-
ȒȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȗȣȚȈȍȔșȧ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ șȖȝ-
ȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȠȒțȘț ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȒȖșȚȐ ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓ
ȖȌȕȖȔț ȠȖȚȓȈȕȌȞț țȔȍȊȠȍȔț ȕȍȗȓȖȝȖ ȘȐșȖȊȈȚȤ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȈ-
ȉȘȖșȖȒ ș ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ Ȉ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒț — ȐȏȔȍȘȐȚȤ ȚțȠț ǷȖȋȖ-
ȌȈ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȐȝ
ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȑ
ǷȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȧ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȋȖȚȖȊȓȦ ȌȍȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȗȐ-
șȈȕȐȍ ȏȔȍȧ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟțșȤ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȖȉȡȐȔȐ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȈȔȍȞ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ Ȋ  ȜțȚȈ  ȌȦȑȔȖȊ ȖȒȘțȎȕȖșȚȤ ȠȍȐ
șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ  ȜțȚȖȊ  ȌȦȑȔ Ȋ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ Ȗȕ ȐȔȍȓ  ȜțȚȈ  ȌȦȑ-
ȔȖȊ Ȑ  ȜțȚȖȊ  ȌȦȑȔȈ Ȋ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȓșȚȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȚȣȔ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ
ȗȓȖșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȘȍȉȘȐșȚȖȑ ȒȖșȚȐ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣ
ȧȏȣȒ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȘȈȏȌȊȈȐȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ șȍȘȌȞț ǽȊȖșȚ ȘȖȊȕȖ


47
țȚȖȕȟȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȖȕȟȐȒț ș ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔ ȗȓȖșȒȐȔ ȝȘȧȡȖȔ ǹȗȐȕȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȉȖȒȈȝ Ȏȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍ-
Ȋȣȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ǷȖ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȉȘȦȝȈ ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȚȘȍȚȐ ȌȓȐȕȣ
ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȈ ȗȖ Țȍȓț ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȣ
ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ ǸȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȠȒțȘț Ȕȣ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȉȕȈ-
ȘțȎȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖ șȈȓȖȔ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ ȒȐȚȖȊȖȍ
ȕȖ ȚȖȓȡȐȕȖȑ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȋ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȌȦȑȔȈ ǮȐȘ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȍȕ ȒȈȒ
ȊȖȌȈ Ȑ ȋȖȘȍȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȒȈȒ șȒȐȗȐȌȈȘ Ǵȣ șȚȈ-
ȓȐ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȏȔȍȧ ȕȖ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐșȤ ș ȕȍȔȈȓȣȔȐ ȚȘțȌȕȖșȚȧ-
ȔȐ ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ©ȘȈȏȌȍȓȣȊȈȚȤª ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȒȐȚȈ ȚțȠȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȓȈșȤ Ȉ șȈȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȥȓȈșȚȐȟȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȘȈșȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȖșȤ
ȕȈ ȉȓȖȒȈȝ ȌȖ  ȜțȚȖȊ Ȑ ȉțȌțȟȐ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȔ șȖȒȘȈȡȈȓȖșȤ
ȌȖ - ȜțȚȖȊ Ǵȣ ȖȚȘțȉȐȓȐ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓȐ ȍȍ
Ȍȓȧ șȖȝȘȈȕȕȖșȚȐ șȖȓȤȦ Ǵȣ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐ ȒȖșȚȐ ȕȖ ȒȖȔȈȕ-
ȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓȈ Ȑȝ ȖȟȐșȚȒț ǪșȒȘȣȊ ȏȔȍȧ Ȕȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ ț
ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȎȍȓțȌȒȍ ȒțșȒȐ ȒȈȓȤȔȈȘȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȋȘȐȕȌț ȗȓȖȚȤ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȗȍȘȍȊȈȘȍȕȈ Ȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȒȖș-
Țȍȑ ǶȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȓȍȋȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȧ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȚȘȐ ȜțȚȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȋȖ Ǵȕȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖșȕȈȡȍ-
ȕȣ  ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȕȖ ȗȖșȈȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖșȚ-
ȘȣȔȐ, ȏȈȋȐȉȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȈȓȍȞ ȚȖȓȡȐȕȖȑ ț
Ȍȍșȕȣ Ǵȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȟȚȖ ț ȏȔȍȧ ȐȔȍȓȐșȤ ȌȊȈ ȌȣȝȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȘșȚȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȌȣȝȈȓȈ Ȉ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȌȣȠȈȓ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȒȐȚ ǰȔȍȓȐșȤ
ȚȈȒȎȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȓȈșȚȈ ȐȓȐ ȐȔȐȚȈȞȐȐ ȓȈșȚ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ ȚȊȍȘȌȖȍ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȚȖȍ ȔȧșȖ ǷȖȏȊȖȕȖȟȕȐȒ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ ȗȖ-
ȌȊȐȎȕȣȔȐ șȖȟȓȍȕȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȔȍȑ ȗȓȣȊȧ ȖȌȕȖ-
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȓ ȗȖ ȌȊȈ ȘȍȉȘȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ȕȖȋ Ǵț-
șȒțȓȣ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȘȍȉ-
ȕȐ ǰȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȖșȚȍȑ ȏȈȕȧȓȖ ț ȕȈș ȖȒȖȓȖ ȚȘȍȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ǶȕȐ
ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȘȐșȚȣȔȐ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȟȐ-
ȡȍȕȣ ȇ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȓ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȓȈȏ ȏȔȍȧ Ȋ șȗȐȘȚ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ
ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌț ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȐȏȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐ-
ȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ǰ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȚȈȒ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȟȚȖ
ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȍșȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȟȕȍȚ
ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȚȤ ȏȈȘȈȏț Ǫșȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȦȚ ȔȖȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑ-
șȚȊȖ
 ȟȈșȈ ȗȖȗȖȓțȌȕȐ ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖșȐȋȕȈȓȐȓ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȦ
ȅȚȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȉȘȐȋ ©ǬȎȐȗșȐª ȗȖȌ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ


ǹȚȍȘȌȎȍșȈ ȊȣȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȊȖșȍȔȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑȏ ǷȖȕșȈ ǷțȥȘȚȖ-
ǸȐȒȖ, Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑșȧ ș ȋȘțȏȖȔ ȈȗȍȓȤșȐȕȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȔȐ ȚȖ-
ȊȈȘȈȔȐ Ȋ ǩȘȐȌȎȗȖȘȚ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȉȣ-
ȚȐȐ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȋ ȗȖȟȚȖȊțȦ ȒȖȕȚȖȘț ǵȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ȗȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ ȧ șȔȖȋț ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȣȑ
ȖȚȟȍȚ
ǶșȚȈȦșȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȊȈȠȐȔ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȔ șȓțȋȖȑ.
ǿȈȘȓȤȏ ǹȐȉȍȘȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
DzȐȚȖȉȖȑȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ©ǴȖȕȖȕȋȈȝȍȓȈª ȗȖȘȚ ǵȤȦ-ǩȍȌȜȖȘȌ


Ɍɢɬɭɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɘ Ȼɚɬɱɟɥɞɟɪɚ ©Ɋɨɦɚɧ ɨ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɦ ɡɦɟɟ ɢɥɢ
ɂɯɬɢɨɡɚɜɪ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫ
ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɢɫɟɦ ɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɰɟɜ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɵɯª 


ȃȎțȟ ǸȞȖȟȠȖȎț ǮțȒȓȞȟȓț
ǯǼǹȊȆǼǷ ǺǼǾǿǸǼǷ ǵǺdzǷ
(1871)


52
Ǹȣȉȣ Ȑ ȔȖȓȓȦșȒȐ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȓȏȈȍȚ ȐȓȐ ȕȖșȐȚ-
șȧ ȗȖ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȦ Ȋșȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȥȚț ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕțȦ ȠȚțȒț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ-
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ țȋȘȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȖ șȊȈȓȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ
ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈ ȠȚțȒȈ" ǬȈ Ȕȣ-ȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȊȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȓȤ ȌȓȐȕȖȦ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȑ ȒȈ-
ȉȍȓȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȔȍȎȌț ǭȊȘȖȗȖȑ Ȑ ǨȔȍȘȐ-
ȒȖȑǺȖ-ȚȖ șȔȧȚȍȕȐȍ ȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȖȝ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȏȈȒȖȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȔȖȘȧ dzȍȚțȟȐȍ Șȣȉȣ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ
ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȚȈȒ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȋȓȐ Ȉ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȗȍȚțȝȐ Ȋȣ-
șȒȈȒȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȈ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘțȎȍȑȕȣȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ — ȚȈȒȐȍ
țȎ ȗȘȣȋțȕȣ ǬȘțȋȐȍ Ȏȍ Șȣȉȣ ȐșȒȈȓȐ țȉȍȎȐȡȈ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȌȈ
ȚȈȒ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȗȍȘȍȌȐȓȐ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȑ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ
Ȑ țșȗȍȓȐ ȕȈȗțȋȈȚȤ Ȑ ȚȘȍșȒț Ȑ ȒȈȔȉȈȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȈȒ ȔȐȘȕȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȋțȓȐȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȗȖȍȌȈȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȉȓȐȎȕȐȝ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȓȉȈșȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȋȖȓȖȚțȘȐȑ ȚȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȚȘțșȐȓȐ
ȟȚȖ ȊȣȗȓȦȕțȓȐ ȊȍșȤ șȊȖȑ ȎȍȓțȌȖȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȎȐȊȣȝ — ȐȔ ȥȚȖ ȕȐȗȖȟȍȔ Ǩ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȊȣȠȓȖ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ ȖȚ
ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈ ȖȔȈȘȖȊ Ȑ ȒȘȈȉȖȊ ǬȈ ȍȡȍ ȒȈȒ ǺȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȉȘȖȕȍȑ
ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȖȌȕȐ ȕȖȎȒȐ
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȖȝȈ ȚȣșȧȟȈ ȊȖșȍȔȤșȖȚ șȍ-
șȚȘȐȞ-ȘȣȉȖȒ ȘȈșșȍȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ țȎ ȕȍ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ ȌȈ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȊȈȓȐ
ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ǹ ȌȍșȧȚȖȒ șȍșȚȘȐȞ țȌȍȘȎȈȓȐșȤ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȘȖȉȣȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖ
ȖȏȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
ǷȖȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍ-
ȓȐ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȐȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȐȌȧȚ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ Țț țȎȈș-
ȕțȦ ȠȚțȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȗțȋȈȓȈ Ȋșȍȝ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ Ȑ ȔȈȓȣȝ
ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȖȕȒȈ ȕȈ ȊȐȌ ȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȗȖȟȍȔ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȘȈȏȌțȚȤșȧ ȐȓȐ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ șȐȓȤȕȈ ǶȕȈ
ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ șȔȐȘȕȍȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȖȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȒ ȓțȒȈȊȐȚ
— ǷțșȚȤ ȍȍ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȋȌȍ ȓȍȎȐȚ ǵȈȔ ȌȖ ȕȍȍ ȌȍȓȈ ȕȍȚ — șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȈ șȈȔȈȧ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȈȧ Ȑȏ ȘȣȉȖȒ ȕȖ șȈȔȈȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȕȍ ȝȖ-
ȚȍȓȈ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȘȈȏțȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈ ȠȚț-


53
ȒȈ ȇȊȐȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ șȊȍȘȝț ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȕȈȌȖ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȍȌȒț Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȘȣȉȒȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ǹȚȖȧȓ ȠȚȐȓȤ;
ȔȖȘȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ
ǺȈȔ ȖȕȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ ȌȍȓȤȜȐȕȈ ȅȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȋțȓȧȒȈ ȊȍȘȚȖ-
ȗȘȈȝ ȏȕȈȑ șȍȉȍ ȒțȊȣȘȒȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȕȖ
ȋȓȈȏȈ-ȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȍșȚȤ — ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ țȎ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ Țț ȠȚțȒț Ȑ
ȏȕȈȓ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǸȣȉȒȐ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ș ȊȖȗȘȖ-
șȈȔȐ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȔȐȔ șȖȉȖȦ Ȑ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȘȣȎ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȍȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȔȈȓ-
ȒȐȊȈȓ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȘȣȉȒȐ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȚȦȓȍȕȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȅȚȖȚ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȍȍ ȕțȎȌȣ ȕȍȚ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȍșȚ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȘȣȉȖȒ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȣȚ Ƕȕ
ȏȕȈȓ ȕȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ ȗȖȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȘȣȋțȕȈ ȌȍȓȤȜȐȕȈ
— ȇ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȖȟȍȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȓȍȎȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȒȘȖȔ
ȒȈȔȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǷȘȍȓțȒȈȊȣȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȥȚȐ
©ȓȦȌȐª ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ șȈȔȐ șȍȉȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ǶȕȐ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȦȚșȧ ȐșȚȘȍȉȐȚȤ ȕȈș ȕȖ ȟȈȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȕȣ țșȒȖȓȤȏȈȍȔ Ȑȏ Ȑȝ
ȘțȒ Ǵȕȍ ȥȚȖ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖȚ Ȑ ȚȖȔț ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț țȋȘȦ
Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋȣ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚȍ Ƕȕ ȗȖȗȈȓșȧ ȐȔ Ȋ ȓȈȗȣ ȊȍȘȖȧȚ-
ȕȖ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȕȍȏȈȗȈȔȧȚȕȣȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ Ȑ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ
ȏȍȔȓȍ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȖȕȐ ȊȏȌțȔȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȏȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ șțȌȕȍ Ȋ ȌȘț-
ȋțȦ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȚțȎȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ-ȚȈȒȐ ȖȌȖȓȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ — ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
Ȗȕ țșȗȍȓ ȖșȓȈȉȍȚȤ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ șțȠȍ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȖȕȐ șȖȋȕțȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȖȓȤ-
ȞȖ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȝȘțșȚȍȓ Ȑ ȚȘȍȡȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ țȒȓȈȌȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȍȔț Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ țȌȈȓȖșȤ țșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ
șȦȌȈ ǶȕȐ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ ȊȞȍȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ șȖȚ-
ȕȧȔȐ ȘțȒ Ȉ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ țȌȘȈȓ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȍ ȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȓȍȎȐȚ ȚȈȔ ȗȖȒȈ ȟȚȖ
— Ƕȕ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȖȕȖȒ — șȒȈȏȈȓȐ Șȣȉȣ
— ǶȕȐ ȏȈȔȖȘȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȌȖȔ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȚȦȓȍȕȤ — ǵȖ
ȗȖȋȖȌȐȚȍ Ȗȕ șȒȖȘȖ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ ȚȍȓȖ ȇ ȗȖȓȈ-
ȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȚȖȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ
ȓȦȌȐ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȒțȦȚ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȉȖȧȚșȧ ǸȈȕȤȠȍ ȧ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȣȊȈȓ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȊȍȘȦ ȅȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ
ǰ ȚȦȓȍȕȤ ȕȣȘȕțȓ ȊȋȓțȉȤ


55
ȉȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ Ȉ ȉȖȘȚ ȏȈȚȖȕțȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȊȍȘȝȕȧȧ Ȑ ȕȐȎ-
ȕȧȧ ȗȈȓțȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ șȕȍșȍȕȣ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ǸȣȉȒȈ ȊȗȓȣȓȈ Ȋ
ȒȈȦȚț ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ țȕȍșȓȖ ȖȚȚțȌȈ Ȋșȍȝ țȚȖȕțȊȠȐȝ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȒȖ-
ȘȈȉȓȍȔ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȧ ȌȊțȝ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț Ȑ Șȍȉȍȕ-
ȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ ǪȖȓȕȣ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓȐ Ȑȝ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȉȈȦȒȈȧ Ȑ ȔȈȚȤ Ȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ
șȗȧȡȐȔȐ ǸȣȉȒȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȚȤșȧ ǪȖȌȧȕȣȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ Ȗȉ-
ȊȐȊȈȓȐ ȉȖȘȚ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ Ȑ șȗȓȍȓȐșȤ ȉȍșȍȌȒȖȑ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȚȘțȗȈȔȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ DzȈȒ ȚțȚ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ ȗțșȚȣȕ-
ȕȖ ǸȣȉȒȈ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓȈ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ țȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ
ȊȖȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȈ ȧȘȟȍ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐșȤ ȎȐȊȣȍ Șȣȉȣ
ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȗțșȚȧ ȘȣȉȒȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȒȐȚȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ-ȗȘȍȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ
— ǵȍ ȍȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȊȏȔȖȓȐȓȈșȤ ȘȣȉȒȈ — ȇ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȈȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȕȈ ȋȓȖȚȖȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ Ȉ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȎȐȚȤ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓȖșȤ ȚțȚ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ" ǺțȚ ȊȈȠȈ șȍ-
șȚȘȈ ȕȍ ȊȖȌȐȚșȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȐȚ
ǰ ȘȣȉȒȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȔț Ȗ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȕȖȔ țȋȘȍ
ȐȓȐ ȟȍȔ ȚȈȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȥȚȈ ȠȚțȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓȈșȤ șȊȍȘȝț Ȑ
ȕȈȗțȋȈȓȈ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȣȝ ȝȘȈȉȘȣȝ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȔȖȘȧ
— ǶȋȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȐȚ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȊȖȌț ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗțșȚȐȚ ȜȖȕȚȈȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȣȕȣȘȕȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ — ǶȋȖ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȒȐȚ
— ǺȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȚȈ ȠȚțȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȡȍȒȖȚȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ
ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȉȖȒ Ǩ ȧ-ȚȖ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȍȓȤ-
ȕȈȧ ȔȈȟȚȈ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȍȉȍ ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ ȟȍ-
șȈȓȒț ǵȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȚțȚ ǵȍȚ ȠȚțȒȈ ȚȈ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȗȖ-
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǿȚȖ Ȏ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȚ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȟȍȔ
ȌȍȓȖ!
ǰ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȓȣȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȉ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȘȣȉȒȈ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ — ȕȈ
ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ — Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȚȈȒȖȑ
ȉțȘȕȣȑ ȗȍȕȧȡȐȑșȧ șȓȍȌ
ǵȈ ȗțȚȐ ȖȕȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ ȈȒțȓț Ȑ șȚȈȘțȦ Ȕȍȟ-Șȣȉț Ǻȍ ȚȖ-
Ȏȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ Ȗ ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȕȖȔ ȚȖȕȒȖȔ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ țȋȘȍ ȕȖ ȍȡȍ
ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȒȖȚ


56
— ǰ ȧ ș ȊȈȔȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȡȍ ȧȒȖȘȕȖȑ ȞȍȗȐ ȧ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȒțȠț ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ — ǺțȚ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ șȊȖȦ ȗȈșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȠȍșȚȤ Șȧ-
ȌȖȊ ȏțȉȖȊ — ȇ ȔȖȋț ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȐȔȐ ȔȍȚȒț ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȍȓȤȕȖȔ
ȧȒȖȘȍ ȚȈȒ țȎ ȥȚȈȒȐȑ-ȚȖ șȚȍȉȍȓȍȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȒțȠț
— ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȐȚ— ȇ ȊȐȎț ȍȋȖ — Ƕȕ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȓțȟȠȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ — ǫȓȧȌȐȚȍ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ-
ȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȒȖȘȟȐȚșȧ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ Ȉ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȑ țȋȖȘȤ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȎȍȕ ȌȓȐȕȖȦ
— ǵț ȥȚȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȧ Ȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȊȐȌȈȓȈ — ȏȈȧȊȐȓȈ Ȕȍȟ-ȘȣȉȈ
— ǵȍ ȍȔț ȕȈȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȖȝȈ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȚȤ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ Șȣȉ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȐ țȋȘȦ Ȗ ȕȖȊȖȔ țȋȘȍ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȓȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒț
— DzȖȓȐ ȚȖȚ țȋȖȘȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȍȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȌȖ ȍȔț ȠȍȦ șȊȍȘ-
ȕțȚȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ țȋȖȘȤ
— ǬȈ ȌȈ — ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ — ǵȈș ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȕȍ șȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȍȔț
ǰ ȖȕȐ ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȓȖ ȐȔ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȍ
ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ șȊȖȍȦ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȦ Ȋșȍȝ Ȑȝ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȊțȟȐȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ
ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ-ȗȘȍșȚȈȘȣȑ ȒȐȚ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋșȧ ȗȖȘȖșȓȈ
ȊȖȌȧȕȣȔȐ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȉ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ șȗȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ țșȈȎȍȕȈ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȋȈȌȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȔȈșșȖȦ țșȚȘȐȞ Ȑ ȘȈȒțȠȍȒ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȋșȧ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȗȧȚȕȈȝ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔ ș ȕȈȔȐ șȚȈȘȐȕȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȍȔț — ǺțȚ ȗȖ-
ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȘȣȉȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȍȘȗȐȔȈ
— ǵȍȚ ȧ ȓțȟȠȍ ȖșȚȈȕțșȤ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȒȐȚ
— ǶșȚȈȊȤȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ Ƕ-ȝȖ-ȝȖ ȇ șȖȊșȍȔ ȘȈȏȉȖȓȍȓșȧ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȊșȗȓȣȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȌȈ Ȋȣș-
ȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ șȗȐȕț ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȓȍȚȈȦȚ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ
ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ Ȑ ȒȖȊȣȘȧȦȚ Ȕȕȍ șȗȐȕț ǹȓȈȊȕȖ ǭșȓȐ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȗțșȒȈȦȚ ȒȓȦȊȖȊ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȋ ȎȐȘ Ȉ ȥȚȖ
ȟȈșȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ǪȖȚ, ȋȓȧȌȐȚȍ ȇ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȚȈșȒȈȦ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ Ȟȍȓȣȑ
ȗȚȐȟȐȑ ȖșȚȖȊ ǷȚȐȞȈ ȏȈȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȒȖȋȚȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȑ


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ǬȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȓȍșȒ ȋțȓ ȠțȔ ǶȚȋȖȓȖșȖȒ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȠțȔȈ șȓȣ-
ȠȐȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȗțșȚȣȝ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕ ȍșȓȐ ȗȘȐȓȖ-
ȎȐȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȓ țȝț
— ǪȖȕ Ȗȕ ȓȍȎȐȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ Șȣȉȣ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒț ǶȕȐ țȊȐ-
ȌȈȓȐ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȚȍȘȧȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț
ǫțȉȒȐ ȗȖȓȐȗȣ Ȑ ȋȖȘȋȖȕȣ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȖȗțșȒȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȒȈȉȍȓȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ șȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȚȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ǴȖȘșȒȐȍ ȍȎȐ ȔȖȓ-
ȓȦșȒȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȊȧȒȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȒȖȗȖȠȐȓȐșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȐșȗȖȓȐȕ-
șȒȐȍ ȗȈțȒȐ ȕȖșȐȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȗȖșȍȓȒȐ ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚȖȊ
ȠȈȋȈȓȐ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȗȖ ȒȈȉȍȓȦ ǺȍȔȕȖ-ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȒȖȓȉȈșȣ
ȐȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȚȈȔ ȏȖȊțȚ Țȍȝ ȋȈȌȖȊ ȟȚȖ ȍȌȧȚ ȊșȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȓȍ-
ȎȈȓȐ șȔȐȘȕȖ Ȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȦȝȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȖȊȖȔț șȖȏȌȈȕȐȦ
ȓȍȎȈȊȠȍȔț ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȔȖȘȧ DzȈȔȉȈȓȈ Ȑ ȚȘȍșȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȚȣȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ș ȉȖȒț ȕȈ ȉȖȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
ǴȖȘșȒȐȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȏȈȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ Ȑȓ ȊȣșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȧ ȕȈȘțȎț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȝȖȉȖȚȒȈ ș ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ
Ȑ ȚȈȘȈȡȐȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ Ȓț-
ȚȍȘȤȔȣ
DzȈȉȍȓȤ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȐȔȖ ȕȖ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȍȋȖ ȒȐȗȍȓȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȔȣșȓȐ — Ȗȕ ȊȍȌȤ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ
Ȕȣșȓȍȑ
— ǽȐȚȘȐȚ Ȗȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȐȚ — ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ ȌȈ Ȑ ȝȓȍ-
șȚȕȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȎȐȊȖȚ Ȉ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ
— ǵȈȌȖ ȗȖȡțȗȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖȓȐȗ — ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȋȐȉȒȐȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȇ țȎȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȓ ȍȋȖ șȓȍȋȒȈ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȊȖȏȤȔțșȤ ȗȖȒȘȍȗȟȍ — ǰ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ șȊȖȐ ȋȐȉȒȐȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȍȑ-
ȠȐȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȒȈȉȍȓȦ Ȑ ȖȉȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ
— ǿȍȠțȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȕȍȚ — ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȗȖȓȐȗ — ǰ ȒȖȎȐ ȕȍȚ Ƕȕ
ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȘȖȎȌȈȍȚ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȌȍȚȍȕȣȠȍȑ
ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ țȋȖȘȤ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȒȈȉȍȓȍȔ Ȑ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓ-
șȧ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȋ
— ǵȍȚ ȥȚȈ ȠȚțȒȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȍȍ Ȕȍȕȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǵț ȌȈ
ȕȍ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȓȐȕȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȐȔȍȚȤ Ȑ ȒȖȎț Ȑ ȎȍȓțȌȖȒ
Ȑ ȋȐȉȒȖșȚȤ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ șȐȓȈȟ-ȒȐȚ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓșȧ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȍ ȌȕȖ ȚȈȒ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȓșȧ


59
— ǸȣȉȈ Țȣ ȐȓȐ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǰȓȐ Țȣ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȈȧ ȊȣȌțȔȒȈ" ǺȖȋȌȈ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȌȖȘȖȊȐȚșȧ
ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȑ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȊȈȍȚ ȌȈ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȦȚ Ȋ ȖȌȕț șȍȒțȕȌț șȖȚȕȐ ȔȐȓȤ
— ǰȓȐ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȑ ȐȓȐ Ȕȣ ȏȈȋȘȣȏȍȔ Țȍȉȧ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ șȊȐ-
ȘȍȗȈȧ ȈȒțȓȈ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȐ ȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ — ǰȓȐ
ȖȚȊȍȟȈȑ ȐȓȐ Ȕȣ ȏȈȋȘȣȏȍȔ Țȍȉȧ
ǵȖ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȌțȔȈȓ șȊȖȍ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȖȕ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ Ƕȕ ȌțȔȈȓ ©ǫȘȣ-
ȏȐȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ ǰșȗȖȘȚȐȚȍ — Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣȚȈȡȈȚ ȌȈ ȐșȗȘȈ-
ȊȧȚ ǹȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ș ȕȈȠȐȔ ȉȘȈȚȖȔ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȝ ȔȖȘȧȝª
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȗȕ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ Dz ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȔ — ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȊȍȌȤ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȗȖ șȓțȎȍȉ-
ȕȖȑ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ
Ǩ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȘȍȔ ©ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓȖ șȖȓȕȣȠȒȖª ȒȈȒ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȦȚșȧ
ȓȦȌȐ ȖȕȖ ȋȖȘȍȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȎȈȘ Ȑ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȍ ȚȖȎȍ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ
ȒȈȒ ȎȈȘ ȖȌȕȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȍȍ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈș ȖșȊȍȚȐȚ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȗȖȓȐ-
ȗȣ — ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ Ȑ ȥȚț ȠȚțȒț ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȐȌȕȍȍ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖ
ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȕțȎȕȖ
— ǨȚț ȍȋȖ ǨȚț ȍȋȖ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȒȖȚ ȖșȒȈȓȐȊȈȧ
ȏțȉȣ
— ǨȚț ȍȋȖ ǨȚț ȍȋȖ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ Ȕȍȟ-ȘȣȉȈ ȒȐȚ Ȑ ȔȖȘș-
ȒȖȑ țȋȖȘȤ
Ǫșȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȒȖȚ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȒțșȐȚȤ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ ȒȈȒ Ȕȍȟ-ȘȣȉȈ șȋȖȘȧȟȈ țȋȖ-
ȌȐȓȈ ȍȔț șȊȖȐȔ ȔȍȟȖȔ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȏȈȌ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȖȠȐȉ-
ȒȈ Ȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȒȖȚ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ țȒțșȐȓ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ, — ȖșȓȈȉȍȓ
ǷȖȠȓȈ ȒțȚȍȘȤȔȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ Ȑ ȔȈȓȣȍ Șȣȉȣ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȖȋțȘ-
Ȟȣ Ȑ ȔȖȓȓȦșȒȐ șȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȚȐșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȌȈȊȐȓȐ ȔȧȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȎȐȘȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ǩ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ ȓȍȎȈȓ șȍȉȍ șȔȐȘȕȍȝȖȕȤȒȖ Ȑ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȓ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ǺȈȒ ȖȕȖ Ȑ șȓȍȌțȍȚ
ǵȈȌ ȔȖȘȍȔ șȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȕȖȟȕȈȧ ȚȤȔȈ ȕȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȏȈșȊȍȚȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȔȐȘȐȈȌȣ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȤȐȞ ǹȊȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȘȈȒȐ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȉțȓȈȊȖȟȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȐ ǬȐȒȖȊȐȕ-
ȕȖ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ


61
— ǵț Ȉ ȗȖ-ȔȖȍȔț ȖȕȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȗȖȉȖȓȤȠȍ — ȊȖȏ-
ȘȈȏȐȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȘȣȉȒȈ
— ǴȖȓȟȈȚȤ ȔȈȒȘȍȓȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ ȒȖȘȖȊȈ
— Ǩȝ Țȣ ȒȖȓȦȠȒȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȠȓȖ ȍȡȍ
ȖȉȐȌȕȍȍ
ǰ ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ ȒȖȘȖȊȈ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȈ ȐȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȈȧ
ȠȚțȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȐșȒȕțȓȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȊȣȌțȔȒȈ ȓȦȌșȒȈȧ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȟȓȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȓȍȒȞȐȦ Ȗ
ȒȖȊȈȘșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ
— ǰȔ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȐȏȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȕȈș Ȋșȍȝ ǶȕȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ Ȑ
ȎȐȊțȚ ǯȈȒȐȌȣȊȈȦȚ șȍȚȐ ȒȘȦȟȒȐ ș ȗȘȐȔȈȕȒȖȑ — Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȗȖȌȔȈȕȐȚȤ ȕȈș ǰ ȥȚȈ ȠȚțȒȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ țȌȖ-
ȟȒȐ— ȖȕȐ ȌțȔȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒ șȘȈȏț Ȑ ȊȞȍȗȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȍ
ȏțȉȈȔȐ ǫȓțȗȣȍ Ǩ Ȕȣ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȋȓțȗȣ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȕȤȚȍ ȥȚȖȑ
ȌȘȧȕȐ ȖȕȈ ȐȏȊȍȚȠȈȍȚ șȈȔȈ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȚȘțȝȖȑ ȚȐȕȖȑ Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ
ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȚȚțȌȈ șȊȍȘȝț— ȋȕȐȓȤ ȌȘȧȕȤ ȕȐȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȌȐȚșȧ
— ǵȐȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȌȐȚșȧ — ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȐ-
șȖȍȌȐȕȧȧșȤ Ȓ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȊȣ — ȕȈȌȖ Ȏȍ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȝȖȚȤ
ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ǵȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȘȣȉȒȈ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȐ ȖșȖȉȖȔ ȔȕȍȕȐȐ ©Ǩ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ șȚȈȚȤșȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȏȔȍȑ — ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȕȍȑȠȈȧ
ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ ȘȣȉȈ" ǹȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒª
©ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȕȍȑȠȍȍª — șȒȈȎȍȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȍȦ
Ȑ Ȕȣ Ȑ șȒȈȎȍȔ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ
ȅȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȚȖȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȑș-
șȚȈȘȐ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȗȍșȕȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȧ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ țȔȈ dzȦȌȐ șȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ
ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ ȚȈȔ ȖȚ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȌȖ
ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȧ ȊȍșȚȐ ș ȚȈȒȖȦ Ȏȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȦ ș ȒȈȒȖȦ ȌȖ-
ȝȖȌȐȚ ȌȖ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȓțȟ șȖȓȕȞȈ
ǰ ȏȔȍȑ ȥȚȖȚ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșȚȍȚ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕț șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ
ȋȖȌ ȖȚ ȋȖȌȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȔȖȘȧȔ ȖȒȘțȎȈȍȚ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ȊșȦ
ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȘȧȟȈșȤ ȚȖ Ȋ ȉțȘȕȣȝ ȚȖ Ȋ ȚȐȝȐȝ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȝ
ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȟȚȖ ȠȒȐȗȍȘ ȊȐȌȐȚ Ȋ ȕȐȝ — șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȓȣȊȍȚ Ȋ ȗȘȖȏ-
ȘȈȟȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ — ȔȐȘȐȈȌȣ Șȣȉ Ȑ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȜȍȑȍȘȊȍȘȒ ȒȘȈșȖȒ
ǫȓțȉȖȒȖ-ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȦ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȕȍ ȗȖȒȖȐȚșȧ ȥȚȖȚ
ȏȔȍȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȕȣȑ ȏȔȍȑ ǴȐȌȋȈȘȌȈ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȑ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ
ȊșȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȒțșȈȦȡȐȑ șȊȖȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȝȊȖșȚ Ƕ ȕȍȋȖ ș ȘȈȏ-


Ɋɟɤɥɚɦɚ ɤɥɢɩɩɟɪɚ ©Ɇɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɡɦɟɣª -ɟ"


ȆȎȞșȪ ǾȓțȎȞ
ǺǼǾǿǸǼǷ ǵǺdzǷ
(1881)


65
ǵȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ©ǬȖȕª Royal Mail Steam
Packet Company ȗȖȌ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǸȖȉȍȘȚȈ ǪțȓȊȖȘȌȈ
ǪȖșȒȘȍșȍȕȤȍ  ȈȊȋțșȚȈ  ȋ
ǴȍșȤȍ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ
ȇ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦ șȊȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ș ȗȘȖșȤȉȣ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ țȌȖșȚȖ-
ȊȍȘȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚȈ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ Le Monde Illustré ȔȖȍȔț
ȌȘțȋț ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕț ȅ Ȍȍ DzȖȕȚȘȍȘȈșț-Ȑ-ǨȓȤȒȈȕȚȈȘȍ ȎȐȚȍȓȦ ǷȖȕ-
șȍ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ǷțȥȘȚȖ-ǸȐȒȖ ȐșȗȈȕșȒȈȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȧ

ȇ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕț Ȍȍ DzȖȕȚȘȍȘȈșț ȗȘȐȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȔ ȕȈȉȘȖș-
ȒȖȔ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȦȚ șȍȔȤ ȗȖȌȗȐșȍȑ șȊȐȌȍ-
Țȍȓȍȑ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ
ǫ-ȕ ȅ Ȍȍ DzȖȕȚȘȍȘȈș-Ȑ-ǨȓȤȒȈȕȚȈȘȈ Ȑȏ ǷȖȕșȍ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ǷțȥȘ-
ȚȖ-ǸȐȒȖ
ǫ-ȕ DzȈȘȓȖ dzȖȗȍș ǨȓȤȌȈȕȈ Ȑȏ dzȐȔȣ ǷȍȘț
ǫ-ȕ ȅȕȘȐȒȍ ǸȖȔȈȕ Ȑȏ DzȈȘȚȈȝȍȕȣ DzȖȓțȔȉȐȧ
ǫ-ȕ Ǩ ȅ ǽȐȔȍȕȍș Ȍȍ șȈȕ ǽȖșȍ Ȑȏ DzȖșȚȈ-ǸȐȒȐ
ǫ-ȕ ǴȖȘȐș ǸȍȕȈȘ Ȑȏ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ
ǫ-ȕ Ȁ ǸȍȕȈȘ Ȑȏ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ ȊȈȠ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚ
Ǵȣ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐ ȏȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚ ȗȘȐ
șȊȍȚȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȓțȕȣ ǷȖȒȈ ȧ ȏȈȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȑ șȣȕ ȏȈȗȐ-
șȣȊȈȓ șȊȖȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ DzȖȕȚȘȍȘȈș ȅȚȐ ȋȖș-
ȗȖȌȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ț ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ ȒțȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȈȓȖȕȈ Ȉ
ȧ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈȌ
ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȏȈ ȊȈȕȚȣ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȕȣ șȘȈȊȕȐȓȐ ȕȈȠȐ ȕȈȉ-
ȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ
Ǫ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȖ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ ȖȞȍ-
ȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȓȐȕț ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȚȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȖȘȖȒȈ ȐȓȐ
ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȒȈ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ǺțȓȖȊȐ-
ȡȍ ȖȚ șȗȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȝȘȍȉȚȈ ȌȖ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȣ ȉȘȦȝȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ Șȧ-
ȌȈȔȐ ȟȍȠțȍȒ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȋȘțȉȖȑ ȠȒțȘȖȑ ȒȈȒ ț ȈȒțȓȣ ȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦ-


66
ȡȍȑ ȟȍȠțȑȒȐ ȐȌțȡȐȍ ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȊȕȈȝȓȍșȚ ǹȗȐȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ șȊȍȚȓȍȍȚ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȉȘȦȝț ȋȌȍ ȞȊȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȝȖ-
ȌȐȚ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȕȖ-șȍȘȣȑ Ǫșȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ țșȍȧȕȖ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȟȕȣȔȐ
ȟȍȘȍȌțȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȗȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȠȚȈȕȖȊȖȋȖ Ȑ
șȍȘȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ǽȊȖșȚ țȚȖȕȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȒȖȕȟȐȒț ȒȈȒ ț țȋȘȍȑ ȇ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȓȦ ȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȕȣ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȥȚȈ ȕȍ ȖȊȈȓȤȕȈȧ Ȉ
șȒȖȘȍȍ ȏȈȖșȚȘȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ ț ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȈ ȏȔȍȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȑ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒțȦ ȔȈșșț ȋȘțȉȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȑ
ȜȖȘȔȣ ǵȈ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȍ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȑ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȑ ȋȘȍȉȍȕȤ
ș ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȖșȚȘȣȔȐ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȔȐ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȎȐȔȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȘȍȉȍȕȤ Ȓ Ƞȍȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȗȕ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ
ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔ ǪȍȘȝȕȧȧ ȟȍȓȦșȚȤ ȊȣȌȈȍȚșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȖ ȕȈ ȕȈȉȘȖșȒȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȒ ȘȈȏȌȊȖȍȕ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȊȐȌȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ
ȊȗȈȌȐȕȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȈȧ ȕȖȏȌȘȦ ǵȐȎȕȧȧ ȟȍȓȦșȚȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȏȈȖșȚȘȍȕȕȈȧ F ȖȒȘțȋȓȣȔȐ ȊȣȗțȒȓȖșȚȧȔȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȘ-
ȔȈȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȐȧ
ȏȈȋȓȈȚȣȊȈȕȐȧ ǯțȉȣ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ Ȑ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȖșȚ-
Șȣȍ Ǫ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȗȈșȚȐ ȊȐȌȕȍȍȚșȧ ȧȏȣȒ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȓ șȊȖȍ-
ȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȔț țȚȖȓȡȍȕȐȦ ȅȚȖȚ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȑ Ȑ ȏȈȖșȚȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ
șȕȈȉȎȍȕ ȗȘȐșȖșȒȈȔȐ ȉȓȍșȚȐȚ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȓȤ Ȑ ȜȖșȜȖȘȍșȞȐȘțȍȚ
ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȔȖȘȦ Ȋ ȕȖȟȕȣȍ ȟȈșȣ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȧȘȒȐȍ
Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ
ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣșȚȘȣ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ șȒȖȖȘȌȐȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ ǫȓȈȏȕȐȞȈ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȈ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȊȍȚȓȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȡȐȡȍȕȈ ȊȍȒȖȔ ȗȖȘȖșȠȐȔ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȡȍȚȐȕȖȑ
ǴȖȘȌȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȈ șȍȘȖȑ ȒȖșȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȍȑ ȗȘȖȝȖ-
Ȍȧȡȍȑ ȖȚ ȕȖșȈ Ȓ Ƞȍȍ ȗȖ ȉȖȒȈȔ ș ȒȈȎȌȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ — ȚȘȐ ȓȐ-
ȕȐȐ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȞȊȍȚȈ
Ǫ ȊȖȌȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȚșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ ǶȚ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȘȈșȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋ ȓȍȋȒțȦ ȘȧȉȤ.
ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȐȏȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȏȓȖȊȖȕȐȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖȍ șȊȈȓȐȚȤ ș ȕȖȋ
ȅȚȖȚ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈșȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ șȔȍșȤ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȈ-
șȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȌȖȔȈ dzȍșȈȎȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȕȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȓȍȒ-
ȚȖȘȈ ǨȕȤȍȘȈ Ȋ ȎȈȘț Ȑ ȌȦȎȐȕȣ șȒȖȚȖȉȖȍȕ ǩȐȑȈȕȒțȘȈ ǿȚȖ-
ȉȣ țșȚȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓȐșȤ ȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȌțȝȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȓțȟȠȐȝ
ȗȈȘȜȦȔȍȘȖȊ


ǴȖȕșȚȘ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ șȚȈȘȣȔ șțȌȧ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ
ȞȊȍȚț Ȑ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȦ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȋȘțȉȍȊȠȍȑ ȠȒțȘȣ
ǪșȚȘȍȟȐ ș ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȍ ȊȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȍ ǷȖȝȖȎȍȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ Ȋ  ȋ ȗȖȘȚțȋȈȓȤșȒȐȑ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ©dzȐșșȈȉȖȕª ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǮțȈȕ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȖ ǯȈȘȒȈ-Ȑ-DzȈ-
ȗȍȌȈ. ǬȈȚȈ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȍȚ ȠȒȊȈȓț ȕȈșȔȍȠȍȒ ©ȀȈȘȐȊȈȘȐª ȕȈȌ
©DzȖȕșȚȐȚȦșȤȖȕȍȓȤª Ȑ ȘȈȏȋțȓț ȒȈȘȚȖȜȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȥȗȐȌȍȔȐȐ
Ǫ 864 ȋȖȌț ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ș ©ǬȖȕȈª ȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ Ȑ ȊȣȚȈȚțȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
ț șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȘțȒȍ
ǯȈȊȍȘȠȈȧ ȥȚȖ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȏȈȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȕșȚ-
ȘȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȐȎȍȗȖȌȗȐșȈȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ șȘȍȌț ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ  ȈȊ-
ȋțșȚȈ  ȋȖȌȈ ȉȍȏ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȥȚȖ
Ȋ ȚȖȟȒȍ ș ȒȖȖȘȌȐȕȈȚȈȔȐ
Ń60’ ȠȐȘȖȚȣ
Ń’ ȌȖȓȋȖȚȣ
șȟȐȚȈȧ ȋȘȈȌțșȣ ȖȚ ǫȘȐȕȊȐȟșȒȖȋȖ ȔȍȘȐȌȐȈȕȈ
Ȁ ǸȍȕȈȘ
ǵȐȎȍ șȓȍȌțȦȚ șȍȔȤ ȗȖȌȗȐșȍȑ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȐȞ



DzȔȜț Ǹ ȃȎȠȥȓȟȜț
ǾǮǿǿǸǮǵ DzǴǶǺǮ ǻȊȌǺǮǻǮ
ȖșȖ ǰȟȠȞȓȥȎ ȟ ȚȜȞȟȘȖȚ ȕȚȓȓȚ
(1886)


70
— Ǫȣ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ǵȐȋȍȘȍ șȥȘ"
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȏȍ ȕȍȚ ǬȎȐȔ Ǻȣ Ȏȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖșȣȓȈȓȐ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒț ȌȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȍșȓȐ ȕȈ ȚȖ
ȗȖȠȓȖ ǷȖȟȍȔț Țȣ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȠȤ"
— ǺȖȟȕȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȎț șȥȘ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȚțȔȈȕ ș ȔȖȘȧ
ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ǨȜȘȐȒț — ȝȖȚȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȏȈȗȈȌȕȣȔ ȉȍ-
ȘȍȋȖȔ Ȑ ǷȖȘȚșȔțȚȖȔ ȔȈȓȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ șȥȘ"
— ǬțȔȈȦ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȈȓȖ ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȔȍșȚ
ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ Țȣ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȗ ǵȐȋȍȘȍ"
— ȅȚȖ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ șȥȘ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ ȔȕȖȋȖȏȕȈȟȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȡțȘȐȊ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȧ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ȊȖ ȘȚț ȚȈ-
ȉȈȟȕțȦ ȎȊȈȟȒț. — ǬȈ țȎ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ
ǬȎȐȔ ǵȤȦȔȈȕ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȔȖȘȧȒ DzȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ ȌȈȊ-
ȕȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ ȖȚșȚȈȊȒț Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȘȈȉȖȚȒȈ Ȓ ȗȍȕșȐȐ șȌȈȊȈȓ ȓȍ-
ȚȖȔ ȓȖȌȒȐ Ȋ ȈȘȍȕȌț ȖȚȌȣȝȈȦȡȐȔ ȋȖȘȖȎȈȕȈȔ ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȗȕ ȗȘȐ-
șȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȘȈșșȖȝȠȍȑșȧ țȋȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȈȘȎȍ șȓțȎȐȊȠȍȑ ȍȔț
ȒȖȕȚȖȘȖȑ ǩȈȘȎȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȊȖȌȣ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖȔ șț-
ȝȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț — ȕȈ ȗȖȓȗțȚȐ ȔȍȎȌț ǹȈțȚșȐ-DzȈșȚȓȖȔ Ȑ
ȋȈȊȈȕȤȦ ǷȖȘȚșȔțȚȈ ǬȎȐȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȧ ȋȓȈȏ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȓȐȊ ǹȖȓȍȕȚ Ȑ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȑ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ǻȈȑȚ Ǵȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȉȣȓȐ
ȌȖȉȘȣȔȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȘȈ-
ȌȖșȚȐ ȟȍȔ Țȍ ȟȈșȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ țȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ-
ȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȣȝ țȋȖȊȖȘȈȝ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȓșȧ
 ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȏȈȒ-
ȘȖȔȈ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ-ȌȘțȋțȦ Ȗ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȕȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȓȈȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȔȖȘȧȔ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȝ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȧȝ
ǨȕȋȓȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȈȘțșȕȣȍ ȜȘȍ-
ȋȈȚȣ Ȉ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȣȍ ȉȘȖȕȍȕȖșȞȣ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȔ ȝȖȌț Ǵȣ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȧȔȐ Ȗ ȊȖȑȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖȋȖȌȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȏȈȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ȘȍȒȍ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȊȠȍȑ
ȉȍȌȕȣȔ ǹȈȔȉȖ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ©ȔȍșȚȖ ȖȉȐȚȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȐȔȧª
ǩțȘȕȣȍ ȈȗȘȍȓȤșȒȐȍ ȓȐȊȕȐ țșȗȍȓȐ șȔȣȚȤ Ȋșȍ șȓȍȌȣ ȉȍȠȍ-
ȕȣȝ ȔȈȘȚȖȊșȒȐȝ ȊȍȚȘȖȊ Ȑ ȎȈȘȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȘȖ-
ȗȐȟȍșȒȖȑ Ǫ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȕȍ ȖȡțȡȈȓȖșȤ ȕȐ ȌțȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȘȍ ȓȍ-
ȕȐȊȖ șȗȈȓȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȟțȚȤ ȗȖȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȧ — ȕȖ ȕȐ ȍȌȐȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍ-
ȠȍȒ ȕȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȘȈșȚȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȋȌȍ-
ȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ ǹ ȔȖȘȧ ȕȈȗȖȓȏȈȓȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȈȧ Ȑ ȗȓȖȚȕȈȧ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȔȋȓȈ.
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȋȓȖȚȐȓȈ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȘȍȑȌ ǹȗȐȚȝȍȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖș-
ȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȖȒțȚȣȊȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȔȖȝȕȈȚȣȔȐ Ȑ ȊȓȈȎ-


71
ȕȣȔȐ ȕȖ ȚȍȗȓȣȔȐ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȔȐ ǷȖ șȓȖȊȈȔ ǬȎȐȔȈ ȚțȔȈȕ ș
ȔȖȘȧ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȡȈȓ ȎȈȘț Ȑ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȗȓȖȋȖ
ȓȍȚȈ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ
— ǬȈ șȥȘ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȗȖȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ
Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȖȕȖșȕȖȔ ǵȐȋȍȘȍ Ȑ Ȗ ǫȈȉȖȕȍ Ȑ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȚȖȔ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋȍ ȖȚ dzȈȋȖșȈ ȌȖ DzȖȕȋȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȚșȧ țȎ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȘȤȚȍ ȅȚȖȚ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȚțȔȈȕ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ǨȜȘȐȒț ȔȈșȚȍȘ
ǿȈȘȓȤȏ ȇ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚțȦ ȉȍȓțȦ ȚȤȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȗțșȒȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș ©ǹȈȊȈȕ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈª — ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȍȍ
ȕȍȋȘȣ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȖȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ șȈȊȈȕȖȔ ȒȓȐȔȈȚ-ȚȖ ȚȈȔ țȉȐȑ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȘȚ ȗȖȉȍȘȐ
— dzțȟȠȍ șȘȈȏț ȘȈșșȒȈȎȐ Ȗ ǵȐȋȍȘȍ ǬȎȐȔ — ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ
ȧ șȚȘȍȔȧșȤ ȕȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗțȚȤ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȑ DzȖȋȌȈ ǬȎȐȔ
ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȕȘȈȊȖțȟȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȊȗȈȌȈȓ Ȋ șȍȕȚȐ-
ȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚȍȔ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȈȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ Ȑ Ȋșȧ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǬȎȐȔ șȍȘȌȐȓșȧ ȉȣȓȖ
țȎȍ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȐșȚȖȘȐȑ
— ǹȓțȠȈȦșȤ ȊȈȠȈ ȟȍșȚȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȘȐ-
ȕȐȔȈȧ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȑ ȉȍȏȔȧȚȍȎȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ Ƕȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȓ
ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ȚȈȉȈȒ Ȑ țȌȖȉȕȍȑ ȖȗȍȘșȧ Ȗ ȉȈȘȎț ȕȈ ȠȒȈȕȞȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȧ țșȚȘȖȐȓșȧ șȊȍșȐȊ ȕȖȋȐ — ǭșȚȤ ȊȈȠȈ ȟȍșȚȤ Ǫȣ ȎȌȍȚȍ ȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȦ" ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȓțȟȠȍ Ȕȕȍ șȕȧȚȤșȧ ș ȧȒȖȘȧ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ,
ȗȖȒȈ ȍȡȍ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȠȚțȘȊȈȓ
— ǷȖȓȕȣȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǬȎȐȔ — ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
ȧ — Ǻȣ ȔȍȌȓȐȠȤ ȒȈȒ ȚȘȍȝȗȈȓțȉȕȣȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ!
ǻșȓȣȠȈȊ ȔȖȐ ȗȖȕțȒȈȕȐȧ ǬȎȐȔ ȗȘȖȟȐșȚȐȓ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ,
ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȏȈȊȍȌȍȕȖ ȋȓțȝȖ Ȑ ȝȘȐȗȓȖ ȗȖȒȈȠȓȧȓ — Ȑ ȉȍȏ
ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȍȒ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȓ Ȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏț
— ȇ țȎ ȓȍȚ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ ȖȚșȚȈȊȒț ȚȖȟȕȍȍ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ. Ǫșȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ Ȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ
ȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ǯȈȗȈȌȕțȦ ǨȜȘȐȒț ǿȍȚȣȘȍ ȋȖȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ
Ȑ ȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ Țȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȋȖȌȈ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ǩ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȗȖȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȘȍȒȓȧȚȣȑ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȉȍȘȍȋ ș ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȍșȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȓȖȊȖȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȓȈȋțȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȓȐȏȤȦ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ
ȚȈȔ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌț ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ǨȜȘȐȒț


72
— ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖ ȗȖ-ȕȈȠȍȔț ǬȎȐȔ ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȑ — ȇ țșȍȓșȧ
ȗȖțȌȖȉȕȍȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ șȓțȠȈȚȤ — ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ Țȣ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ"— ȅȑ ȗȖȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȍȑ ǵȍ ȋȖȕȐȚȍ ȊȈȠȈ ȟȍșȚȤ ǹȒȖȘȖ țȏȕȈȍ-
Țȍ ȇ șȓțȎȐȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ șȚȈȘțȠȒȍ ©ǨȔȜȐȚȘȐȚȍª — ȌȈȊȕȍȕȤȒȖ
ȒȈȒ ȉȍȌȕȧȎȒț șȓȖȔȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȘȖȊȈ Ȑ șȖȎȋȓȐ ǹȚȖȧȓȐ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȏȈ-
ȓȐȊȍ ǩȍȕȐȕ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȔ ȘȈȉȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈ-
ȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȉȓȐȏ ǻȐȌȣ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȘȈȏȐȓȤșȒȈȧ
ȠȝțȕȈ ș ȗȧȚȤȦ șȖȚȕȧȔȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ǵȈ-
ȉȐȓȐ Ȑȝ ȚȈȒ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋț ȕȍȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖ-
șțȕțȚȤ ǸȈȉȣ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȊșȍȋȖ șțȚȒȐ ȕȖ țȚȘȈȔȉȖȊȈȓȐ
Ȑȝ ȒȈȒ șȍȓȤȌȍȑ Ȋ ȉȖȟȒȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȘȐȗȍȒȈȓȖ Ȑ ȊȖȕȤ șȚȖȧȓȈ
ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȈȧ Ǵȣ ȔȍȟȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ Ƞȝțȕț Ȋ
ǹȤȍȘȘȈ-dzȍȖȕȍ Ȑ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ țȎȈșȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȈȝȈ Ȉ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ Ȓț-
ȌȈ ȝțȎȍ ȟȍȔ ȏȓȖȊȖȕȐȍ ȉȖȓȖȚ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȁȝțȕț Țț Ȕȣ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȕȍșȓȐ ȍȑ ȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȔ ȜȖȒ-ȔȈȟȚț Ȑ
ȖȚȊȍȓȐ Ȋ ȏȈȓȐȊ Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȈ țȚȘȍȕȕȦȦ ȊȈȝȚț ȇ ȎȌȈȓ
șȔȍȕȣ șȔȍȕȡȐȒ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț — Ȑ ȚțȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȒ-
ȓȐȒȈȍȚ ȒȚȖ ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȓȐ" ǴȖȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ǫȐȓ ǹȈțȓ șȚȖȧȊ-
ȠȐȑ Ȋ ȌȖȏȖȘȍ ȕȈ ȕȖșț ȅȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȕȣ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȓȖȌȖȟ-
ȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȚțȚ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎ șȣȋȘȈȓ Ȋ ȧȡȐȒ ȒȈȒ
Ȑ șȚȈȘțȠȒȈ ©ǨȔȜȐȚȘȐȚȈª
ǷȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ Ȗȕ Ȉ ȓȐȞȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȈȠȈ ȘțȉȈȠȒȈ
ǪȍșȤ ȌȘȖȎȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȔȈȓȧȘȐȦ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ǹȈțȓ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȧ — ȟȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ"
Ǫ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȏȈȗȐșȈȓșȧ"
— ǺȐȠȍ ǬȎȐȔ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȕ Ȉ șȈȔ ȌȘȖȎȐȚ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ —
ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ ȚȈȒ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȌȖ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ
ȗȖȔȘț
ȇ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓșȧ șȖ șȔȍȝț
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ȗȖȔȐȓțȑ ǫȐȓ! — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȧ — ǷȘȐȉȍȘȍȋȐ ȥȚȖ
Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȗȍȝȖȚȐȕȞȍȊ ȔȖȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ Ǵȍȕȧ Țȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȊȍ-
ȌȍȠȤ ǵȐ ȖȌȐȕ țȊȈȎȈȦȡȐȑ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȕȍȚ ȌȖȉ-
ȘțȦ șȚȈȘțȦ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ ȘȈȌȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȎȈȘȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȈȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȒțȌȈ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕȐȕ ȗȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȓȍ
ȕȍ șȚțȗȐȚ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ
— ǪȖȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǬȎȐȔ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȕ Ȉ șȈȔ ȉȍȘȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ
ȘțȒȈȊ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ țȎȍ șȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȊȕȐȏ — ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȍ


73
ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȍ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ Ȉ șȈȔțȦ ȌȐȒțȦ ȏȈȋȘȈȕȐȟȕțȦ Șȍȗȍ-
ȚȐȓȐȦ ȒȈȒțȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȏȔȍȦȒȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȖ
ȊȌȊȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȊȍȚȈ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ ț ȗȚȐȞȣ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȠȐ ȉȖȘȚȖȊȣȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ ǮțȚȒȈȧ
ȚȊȈȘȤ ǬȎȐȔ ǫȓȈȏȈ ț ȕȍȍ șȊȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȐ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ǶȕȈ
ȗȘȖȗȓȣȓȈ ȔȐȔȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ Ȑ ȜȣȘȒȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ǵȍȉȍșȈ ȗȖ-
ȌȈȦȚ Ȕȕȍ ȏȕȈȒ Ȑ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ ȧ ȗȖȔȘț ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȏȕȈȑ
ǩȍȌȕȧȋȈ ȚȘȧșșȧ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ
ȝȘȈȉȘȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȗȐȓșȧ Ȉ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȐȘȐțȔ ȚȘȍȔȉȐș ȐȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȈȧ ȓȐ-
ȝȖȘȈȌȒȈ ȅȚț ȕȈȗȈșȚȤ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȍȠȤ ǷȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȧ ȍȋȖ țȘȍȏȖ-
ȕȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋ
— ǵȍȗȓȖȝȖ ǹȈțȓ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȧ — ǵȖ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȕȍ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȑ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȐȧ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȕȍ
ȔȐȕȖȊȈȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȒȈȘȞȍȘȈ.
ǫȐȓ ȚȈȒ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈșșȍȘȌȐȓșȧ — ȧ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȒȈȒ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȘȐȓ — ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȘȖȎȈȚȤ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓ
— ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȐȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Țȍȉȍ ȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ
ȉȘȈȚ ȇ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ șȗȈȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȖ-
șȖȔ ȕȍ ȒȓȍȊȈȓ
— ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȐȑ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȧ Ȑ șȈȔ șȔȍȦșȤ Ȉ ǫȐȓ ȏȕȈȑ
șȊȐȘȍȗȍȍȚ — ǬȈ ȒȚȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚ" ǶȌȕȐ ȧȕȒȐ Ȗ ȏȔȐȍ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ
— Ǩ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȉȣ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȕȍ ȎȐȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔț ȏȔȐȦ ǬȎȐȔ
ǵȤȦȔȈȕ" ǵȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȊȍȌȤ ȎȐȊțȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȏȔȍȐ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȉȖȈ
ȒȖȕȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȗȐȠțȚ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋȈȝ ȗȖ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ǭșȚȤ Ȏȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ
ȓȦȌȐ — Ȋșȍ ȐȔ ȗȖȒȈȎȐ ȌȈ ȗȖȌȈȑ Ǩ ȒȚȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚ ǬȎȐȔ
ȟȚȖ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒȍ ȍșȚȤ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȈ ȌȊțȝ ȕȖȋȈȝ Ȑ
ȘȖșȚȖȔ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȖȊȣȠȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ" ǵȍ Țȣ ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȈȓ Ȋ ǨȊșȚȘȈȓȐȐ ȒȘȖȓȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȒȘȖȓȐȒȐ ȊȣȚȧ-
ȋȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȜțȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊșȚȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȏȈȌȕȐȍ ȓȈȗȣ Ȉ
ȖȌȕȐȔ ȗȘȣȎȒȖȔ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ șȖȚȕȦ ȜțȚȖȊ"
— ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ǫȐȓ ǹȈțȓ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȣȊȍȓ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȚȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȚȖ-
Ȏȍ — ǰ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȐșȚțȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț ǪȐȌȣȊȈȓ ȧ Ȋ ǷȖȘȚ-ǼȐȓȓȐ-
ȗȍ ȒȍȕȋțȘț ǶȕȐ șȖȊșȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȖȓȐȒȐ șȖ șȚȖȧȟȐȔȐ țȠȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǰ ȍȡȍ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȣ-


74
ȋȈȓȐ ȊȌȊȖȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ
— ǺȈȒ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ — ȚțȚ Ȗȕ șȘȈȏț ȓȖȊȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ șȓȖȊȍ Ȑ
ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȈȘȋțȔȍȕȚȖȊȈȚȤ — Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȔȖȘș-
ȒȖȑ ȏȔȐȑ"
ȅȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȉȐȓȖ ș ȚȖȓȒț ȇ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȍȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȚȤ ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȍȕȐȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȊ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ
— Ǩ ȗȖȟȍȔț Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ ǫȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ Ȉ
șȈȔ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȐȧ"
ǺțȚ Ȗȕ Ȑ șȈȔ ȏȈȔȧȓșȧ
— Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔț ǬȎȐȔ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȕ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȊ — ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȎțȚȒȐȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣȓȍȏ Ȑȏ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȚțȔȈ-
ȕȈ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ șȊȍȚȧȚșȧ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȒȓȦȊ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȇ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȐȑ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ țȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȚȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȎȌȐ ȉȍȌȣ, ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȏȕȈȦ ǵȍ șȕȖ-
șȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ǬȎȐȔ
ȇ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏțȉȍȌȐȚȤ ȝȖȚȤ Ȕȕȍ-ȚȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ șțȡȍȑ ȍȘțȕȌȖȑ ȇ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȏȈȓȍȏ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȑȒț
Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȏȈșȕțȓ Ƕ ȏȔȐȍ ȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ǵȖ ȟȍȘȚ ȗȖ-
ȉȍȘȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȘȈȕȕȍȍ țȚȘȖ ǬȍȕȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȕȈȠ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ țȎȈș-
ȕȖ Ȗ ȚȈȒ țȎȈșȕȖ
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȔȖȘȧȒ șȕȧȓ ȉȘȍȏȍȕȚȖȊțȦ ȠȈȗȒț Ȑ ȊȣȚȍȘ ȓȖȉ ȗȓȈȚ-
ȒȖȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ Ȗ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȖȚȗțș-
ȒȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ǪȐȌ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ
ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȚȤșȧ — Ȉ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȕȈ șȔȍȝ
ȓȦȉțȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȕȈȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ȘȖșșȒȈȏȕȍȑ Ȗ ȗȘȍșȓȖȊțȚȖȔ ȔȖȘș-
ȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȚȘȈȕșȈȚȓȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȔȐȜȖȊ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȕȈȊȍ-
ȡȈȦȡȐȝ Ȋ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ șȍȏȖȕ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ
— Ǩ șȈȔ Țȣ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȏȔȍȧ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ — ǰ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ
ș ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ǹȈțȓȈ"
— ǹȍȑȟȈș țșȓȣȠȐȚȍ — ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ ȕȍ
ȉȈȑȒț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚȍ ȔȈșȚȍȘ ǿȈȘȓȤȏ ȇ
ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț
— ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȑ ǬȎȐȔ — ȗȖȌȉȖȌȘȐȓ ȧ ȍȋȖ — ȇ șȓțȠȈȦ
ȇ ȊȍșȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
— DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȉȐȓȐ ȊȖșȍȔȤ șȒȓȧȕȖȒ Ȋ ȏȈȓȐȊ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȍȡȍ
ȖȌȐȕ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȕȈȓ ȗțșȚȖȍ ȘȈȉȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȟȍș-
ȒȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȌȖ ȗȖȋȘțȏȒȐ Ǵȣ ȘȈȏȔȍ-


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șȚȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȟȈșȚȤ ȉȍȌȖȓȈȋ ș ȉȘȈȏȐȓȤșȒȖȑ Ƞȝțȕȣ Ȑ ș țȌȖȉșȚ-
ȊȖȔ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐ Ȋșȍȝ Ȋ ǹȤȍȘȘȈ-dzȍȖȕȍ ȅȚȖȋȖ-ȚȖ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓȐ
ȒȈȒ ȧ țȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȋ ȘȍȑȌ.
Ǵȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȧȒȖȘȤ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȓ Ȧȋț ș ȗȘȐ-
ȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ șȖȖȉȡȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȖȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ȘȈȉȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ
ǪȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ Ȍțȓ ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȚȈȔ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ Ȓ ȗȖȓțȌȕȦ șȚȐȝȈȍȚ Dz ȊȍȟȍȘț Ȕȣ
ȖȚȖȠȓȐ ȔȐȓȤ ȕȈ ȊȖșȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ȖȚ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ
ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȠȚȐȓȤ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ǬȖ
ȚȖȋȖ ȌȍȕȤ ȉȣȓ ȧșȕȣȑ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ ȠȚȐȓȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
șțȌȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȚțȔȈȕ — șȖȊșȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖȚ Țț-
ȔȈȕ ș ȔȖȘȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ șȍȑȟȈș ȖșȚȘȖȊ Ȑ ǹȗȐȚȝȍȌ Ǻȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ Ȋȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȗȕ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ǵȐȋȍȘ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȗȈȌȕȣȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘ ǿȈȘȓȤȏ"
— ǬȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ — ȇ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Țȣ ǬȎȐȔ
— ǩȍȘȍȋȈ ǨȜȘȐȒȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȒțȚȈȕȣ ȗȖ țȚȘȈȔ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȋțșȚȣ-
ȔȐ ȚțȔȈȕȈȔȐ Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȋțșȚȖȔ ȚțȔȈȕȍ ǫȐȓ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȊȖȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ǷȖșȓȍ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ ȚțȔȈȕ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚțȔȈȕ ȕȈȗȖȓȏȈȓ ȌȕȍȔ ȗȘȐ ȧȘȒȖȔ șȖȓȕȞȍ
ǿțȌȕiȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ ȌȖȓȖȎț ȊȈȔ ǴȈȓȖ-ȗȖȔȈȓț ȚțȔȈȕ ȟțȚȤ
ȘȈșșȍȧȓșȧ ǵȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ Ȑ ȔȈșȓȧȕȐșȚȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȘȧ
ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȓȐ ȉȍȓȍșȣȍ ȒȓȖȟȤȧ ȒȈȒ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȕȈ ȓțȎȈȑ-
Ȓȍ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȐ ȒȓȖȟȤȧ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ȑ ȚȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȘȈȑ ȗȈȓțȉȣ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ǺțȔȈȕ ȗȘȐȕȍș ș
șȖȉȖȑ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȏȓȖȊȖȕȐȍ ȓȈȋțȕ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȖȕȤȦ ȘȈȉȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȟȍșȒȖȑ Ƞȝțȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ Țȣșȧ-
ȟț ȘȈȏ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȚȖȚ ȏȈȗȈȝ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȖ
Ȕȣ ȍȌȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȕȖșȐȓȐ ȇ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ
ǷȖȒȈ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȓȖȔȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȋȏȧȓ-
șȧ ȚțȔȈȕ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȏȓȖȊȖȕȐȍȔ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ǫȐȓ ǹȈțȓ.
ǪȣȋȓȧȌȍȓ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȝțȎȍ ȟȍȔ țȚȘȖȔ ǸȈȕȤȠȍ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȎȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȉȍȓȖȑ ȒȈȒ Ȕȍȓ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȚȈȓȈ șȍȘȖȑ ȗȍȗȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ț ȚȘț-
ȗȈ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
— ǰȌȐ ȊȕȐȏ ǹȈțȓ ǰȌȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȎȐșȤ ȌȖȒȚȖȘț
— ǵȍȚ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȕ — ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ,
ǬȎȐȔ ǵȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈȠȓȖ ǺȖȟȕȖ Țȍȉȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ șȒȖȘȖ ȧ
ȖȗȧȚȤ țȊȐȎț ȥȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȏȔȐȧ


76
ǿȍșȚȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȍȋȖ
ȓȐȞȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȏȓȖȊȖȕȕȣȑ ȚțȔȈȕ ȇ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ,
ȕȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȋ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț ȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȍȓ ȉȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ
Ȋ ǷȖȘȚșȔțȚȍ ȌȈ Ȋ ȧșȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȉ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȟȈȚȤ ț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ
— Ǻȣ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ țȊȐȌȍȓ ǬȎȐȔ" — ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȧ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ
ȔȖȘȧȒȈ
— ȇ ȗȖȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȈșȚȍȘ ǿȈȘȓȤȏ ǵȖ ȧ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ DzȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ
ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȘȖȌȐȚ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ
ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȗȖȚțșȚȖȘȖȕȕȍȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȊȈȘȚȍȘȌȍȒȍ ǷȖ-
ȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȓ Ȓ ȋȓȈȏț ȗȖȌȏȖȘȕțȦ ȚȘțȉț Ȑ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȓȖȟȤȍȊ ȚțȔȈȕȈ ȇ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȚȈȒ ȉȓȐȏ-
ȒȖ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋ ȘȈșșȓȣȠȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ
ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȊȐȎț ȟțȚȤ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȓȍȟȖ
— DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǴȈȕȚȍȘ ȟȍȚȒȖ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȍ țȌȈȍȚșȧ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ
ȥȚȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖ
ǷȖșȓȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
— ǵȤȦȔȈȕ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ șȚțȗȈȑ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț șȚȦȈȘȌț Ȑ ȗțșȚȤ
ȌȈșȚ Țȍȉȍ ȔȖȦ ȕȖȟȕțȦ ȗȖȌȏȖȘȕțȦ ȚȘțȉț
ȇ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȚȘțȉț Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȍȔț Ȉ Ȗȕ ȖȚȌȈȓ
Ȕȕȍ ȗȍȘȊțȦ Ȑ șȚȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ
— DzȓȧȕțșȤ ǩȖȋȖȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǴȈȕȚȍȘ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȕ — ȥȚȖ
ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ
— ǽȈ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȉȍȘȍȚ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȚȘțȉț Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ Ȋ
ȕȍȍ șȈȔ — ȅȚȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȖȌȧȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȟ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȐȔȈȦȚ șȈȔȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȜȖȘȔȣ
ǵȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȚȐȝȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȔȖȡ-
ȕȐȒț ǯȈȚȍȔ țȎȍ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ
— dzțȟȠȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȋȖȚȖȊȍ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ȉȖȞȔȈȕ ȏȈșȊȐșȚȍȓ Ȑ Ȕȣ
Ȋșȍ ȗȖȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȐ ȔȍșȚȈ ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ" ǺȈȒ ȗȖȌțȔȈ-
ȓȐ Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȕȈ ©ǨȔȜȐȚȘȐȚȍª.
ǹȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȕȈȊȍȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȉȖȘȚț ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȍțȓ ș ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ǫȐȓ ǹȈțȓ — Ȉ Ȗȕ ȒȖ-
ȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ȔȖȐȔ ȘȈșȟȍȚȖȔ Ȋ ȚȖȑ ȉȈȚȈȘȍȍ — șȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ
ȘțȒț Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȖ șȎȈȓ


77
— ǷȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȍȚșȧ ǷȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȍȚșȧ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȧ-
ȔȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ țȝȖ
ǺȖȚ Ȏȍ țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȋȕȐȓȖȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȕȈȒȈȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȗȖ-
șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȠțȔ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȚȈȌȖ ȌȐȒȐȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
ȗȐȓȖ ȊȖȌț
Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȚțȔȈȕ ȟțȚȤ ȘȈșșȍȧȓșȧ ǹȚȈȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȈ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȓȤ Ȋ ȕȈȊȍȚȘȍȕȕțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡ-
ȕȐȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȚțȌȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ
ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ȇ ȍȓȍ țȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȊȈȔ ǵȐȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ȕȍ țȊȐȎț ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȔȐȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȈȧ ȘȍȗȍȚȐȓȐȧ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ
ȉȣȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȍȑ ȟȍȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ƕȕ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȓ
Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕțȦ ȗȚȐȟȤȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ƞȍȧ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣȠȍ
ȕȈȠȍȑ ȋȘȖȚ-ȔȈȟȚȣ Ȑ ȔȟȈȓșȧ ș ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȗȖȟ-
ȚȐ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȒțȘșȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȓȍșȕȣȑ
ȓȐȕȍȑȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ǬȓȐȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ șȖ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ ȔȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ țȎȍ Ȗ ȚȖȑ
ȟȈșȚȐ ȚȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȓȡȍ ȓȦȉȖ-
ȋȖ ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȈ ȥȚȖ țȎ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȒȈȒ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȊȖ-
ȌȖȑ ȕȈ ȌȖȉȘȣȝ ȗȧȚȤ ȜțȚȖȊ
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȖȔȖȔ
ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȣ ǵȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǴȈȕȚȍȘ ȉȣȓ șȈȔȣȔ ȝȘȈȉȘȣȔ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȍȘȖȔ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȋȏȧȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ Ȉ
ȚȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȚțȔȈȕ ȊȕȖȊȤ șȋțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȓ ȕȈș șȖ Ȋșȍȝ
șȚȖȘȖȕ — Ȑ Ȋ ȧȘȌȍ ȖȚ ȉȖȘȚȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ
— ǵȍ ȗțȋȈȑȚȍșȤ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ — ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȉȖȌȘȣȔ Ȑ
ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ — ȅȚȖ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ-ȕȈȊșȍȋȖ ȊȖȌȧȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȟ Ǫ ȚțȔȈȕȍ Ȗȕ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ
ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ DzȖȋȌȈ șȔȍȘȟ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȍȚ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȕȣ țȋȖșȚȐȔ ȍȋȖ
ȏȈȓȗȖȔ ș ȗȘȈȊȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȍȍȚșȧ
— ǬȈ ǬȈ — ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ ǺȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȏȓȖ-
ȊȖȕȐȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ țȎȈșȕȍȑ ǼȣȘȒȈȕȤȍ Ȑ ȗȓȍșȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
Ȕȣ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ șȚȐȝȓȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȏȈȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ
ǹ ȚȖȑ șȍȒțȕȌȣ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȘȍȗȍȚȐȓȐȦ ȉȍȌȕȧȋȈ ǫȐȓ
Ȋșȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȓ Ȑȏ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ ȏȈ-
ȗȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȠȕțȘ ȖȘțȌȐȧ
— ǶȋȖȕȤ — ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ


78
Ǫșȍ ȗțȠȒȐ ȗȘȈȊȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈ ȊȣȗȈȓȐȓȐ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȘȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȗȈȘȈȓȓȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȒȈ-
ȗȐȚȈȕ ǴȈȕȚȍȘ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈȔ ȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ șȚȊȖȓȣ
ǹȚȈȘțȠȒȈ ©ǨȔȜȐȚȘȐȚȈª șȖȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈșȤ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȒȐȓȧ
DzȓȧȕțșȤ șȥȘ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȚȖȦ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȦ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȍȌȊȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗțȠȒȐ ȌȖȝ-
ȕțȓȐ ȖȋȕȍȔ Ȑ ȌȣȔȖȔ Ȑ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ȧȌȘȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ țȎȈșȕȣȑ
ȘȍȊ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȊșȗȓȍșȒ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȕȈȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȈș
ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȉȖȑ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ dzȦȌȐ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȣȓȐ ȋȓȧȌȧ
ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȑ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȣȊȈȓ ǫȐȓ ȊȞȍ-
ȗȐȓșȧ Ȋ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȡȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȏȈȗȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȠȕțȘ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȊȖȗȐȓ
— ǺȈȔ ǺȈȔ
Ƕ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘ ǿȈȘȓȤȏ ǬȓȐȕȕȖȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ
ȚȍȓȖ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȔ Ȑ
țȗȈȓȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ș ȗȖȌȊȍȚȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȓȍȚȈȓȖ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ Ȕȣ ș ǫȐȓȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȑ țȊȐȌȈȓȐ
șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȈȔȖȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȑ ȏȔȍȐ ȒȈȒȈȧ ș
ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ȗȖȓȏȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ — ȊȖȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȈ ȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȗȖ
ȊȖȏȌțȝț ǰȏ ȍȍ țȘȖȌȓȐȊȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȚȖȘȟȈȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȒȓȦȊ ȒȈȒ
ț ȗȚȐȞȣ Ȉ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȠȍȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȈȧ ȉȈȝȘȖȔȈ ȐȓȐ
ȒȈȗȦȠȖȕ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ ȔȍȠȖȒ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȘȓȖȔ ț ȘȈșșȍȘȎȍȕȕȖȑ
ȧȡȍȘȐȞȣ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȚȊȈȘȤ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ
ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ țȎȍ Ȋ ȔȐȓȍ ȐȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ȗȖ ȗȖȌȊȍȚȘȍȕȕȖȔț ȉȖȘȚț ǯȈȚȍȔ șȋțșȚȐȓșȧ ȚțȔȈȕ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓ ȍȍ
Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ ǫȐȓȖȔ — Ȗȕ țȗȈȓ Ȋ ȖȉȔȖ-
ȘȖȒ Ȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȉȍȏ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ
ǿȍȔ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȥȚȈ ȚȊȈȘȤ ȖȕȈ șȕȍșȓȈ ȕȈȠț ȋȘȖȚ-șȚȍȕȤ-
ȋț ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȘȍȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȈȘțșȈȔȐ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗțȠȍȟȕȣȑ ȏȈȓȗ Ȑ ȕȐ-
ȋȌȍ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȕȐ ȗȘȐȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ
— ǿțȚȤ ȕȍ ȏȈȌȍȓ ȗȖșȍȘȤȍȏȕȍȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȘȐȌȧ
Ȋ șȍȉȧ Ƕȕ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒț ȕȖ Ȋșȍ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ — ȚȈȒ
ȚȐȝȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț — DzȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȖșȖȒ ȔȐșȚȍȘ
ǼȘȐȔȈȕȚȓȤ Ǵȕȍ ȌȖȊȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ șȔȍȘȟ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȧȓ ȋȖ-
ȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȑ țȡȍȘȉ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȣ
ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȕȧȓȐșȤ ȘȍȔȖȕȚȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ șțȌȕȈ Ȋ
ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ǷȖșȓȍ ȕȈș ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖ ȗȖȚȘȍȗȈȓȖ ȗȖȒȈ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȠȓȐ
ȌȖ ǹȤȍȘȘȈ-dzȍȖȕȍ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȟȐȕȒȐ


79
ǫȐȓ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȉȍȏ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ
șȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȍȌȊȈ ȊȣȎȐȓ Ƕȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȓ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ
ȚȖȎȍ ȝȖȚȧ Ȕȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ǵȣ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ
ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȗȖȚțșȚȖȘȖȕȕȍȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǼȘȐ-
ȔȈȕȚȓȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȗțșȚȤ Ȑ șȗȐșȈȓȐ ȊȍșȤ țȡȍȘȉ ȕȈ
șȔȍȘȟ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ǵȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȐȧ Ȋșȍ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈ ȕȈ
ȉȖȘȚț ǰ ȉȣȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȍȌȖȓȈȋȈ
ǫȐȓ ǹȈțȓ ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȉȖȘ-
Țț ©ǨȔȜȐȚȘȐȚȣª ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐșȤ șȖ ȏȔȐȍȔ ȒȘȖȔȍ
ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ șȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȌȖȉȘȖȑ șȚȈȘȖȑ Ǩȕȋ-
ȓȐȐ DzȖșȚȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍȓȍȚȤ ȗȖȌ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȕȈ
ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȍșȒȈȝ ǨȜȘȐȒȐ ǺȈȔ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȔȍȘȚȖȕȖșȕȖȔ ȒȓȐ-
ȔȈȚȍ ȗȖȓȍȋȓȖ ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȈȠȐȝ șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ ȟȍȔ șȗȈșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȘȈȉȖȊ Ȑȏ Ȟȍȗȍȑ
— ǵȖ ǬȎȐȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȔȖȘȧȒ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— Țȣ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ" ǴȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋȣ Ȑ ȊȗȘȈȊȌț țȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȍ șȔȍȘȟ ȐȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȉȓȖȔȖȒ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ"
ǻșȓȣȠȈȊ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǬȎȐȔ ǵȤȦȔȈȕ ȔȋȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȝȔțȘȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȊȖȘȟȈȓ
— ǵț ȌȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ — șȈȘȒȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș Ȗȕ — ǪȖ-
Ȍȧȕȣȍ șȔȍȘȟȐ Ȑ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȕȖșȧȚșȧ ș ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȌȊȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȐ ȔȐȓȤ Ȋ ȟȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȕȍȚ Ȑ șȚȖȐȚ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ
ȠȚȐȓȤ ǪȖȌȧȕȣȍ șȔȍȘȟȐ Ȑ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ ȊȖȕȧȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȐ ȝȖȘȤ-
ȒȐ Ȋ șȖȚȕȧȝ ȔȐȓȤ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ǪȖȌȧȕȣȍ șȔȍȘȟȐ Ȑ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ Șȍ-
ȊțȚ ȒȈȒ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕ ȌȐȒȐȝ ȉȣȒȖȊ ȜȣȘȒȈȦȚ Ȑ ȗȓȍȡțȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ
Ȑ ȠțȔȧȚ ȒȈȒ ȚȣșȧȟȈ șȒȖȘȣȝ ȗȖȍȏȌȖȊ Ȋ Țțȕȕȍȓȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ Ȏȍ"
ǹȈȘȒȈȏȔ ǬȎȐȔȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ ȇ șȔȐȘȍȕȕȖ
ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ț șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧȒȈ ȗȘȖȡȍȕȐȧ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖșȔȍȓȐȓșȧ
ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȖȌ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
— DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘ ǿȈȘȓȤȏ — ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓ Ȗȕ țșȗȖȒȖȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȖȉȘȍȚȧ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȐȍ — ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ
ȗȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋ Țȍȝ Ȏȍ ȔȍșȚȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ — Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȈȊȋțșȚȈ  ȋȖȌȈ — ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȐȧ ȕȈȌ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌȠțȟȐȊȈȦȚ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȊ-
ȠȐȍ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ș ȉȖȘȚȈ ȒȖȘȊȍȚȈ ©ǬȍȌȈȓª ǯȔȐȧ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȒȈ-


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ȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ șȖȉȣȚȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȕȍșȍȕȖ Ȋ șțȌȖȊȖȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ
Ȑ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȘȈȗȖȘȚ ǨȌȔȐȘȈȓȚȍȑșȚȊț ǬțȔȈȦ
Ȋȣ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈ-
ȕȖȔ ȜȓȖȚȈ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȖȔ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȟȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎ-
ȌȍȕȕȖȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔȐ ȊȈȝȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚȈ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕȈ,
ȋȈȘȌȍȔȈȘȐȕȈ șȚȈȘȠȍȋȖ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈ ȉȖȞȔȈȕȔȈȚȈ Ȑ ȘțȓȍȊȖȋȖ —
ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȕȐȏț"
— ǵȍȚ ǬȎȐȔ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ — ȥȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ șȈȔȖ ȏȈ șȍȉȧ
— Ǵȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ ȕȈ Ѷ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȠȐȘȖȚȣ Ȑ Ń
ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȌȖȓȋȖȚȣ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȔȖȘȧȒ — Ȑ ȊȐȌȍ-
ȓȐ ȏȔȐȧ  ȈȊȋțșȚȈ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȉ ȖȕȐ ȕȈ Ń’ ȦȎȕȖȑ ȠȐȘȖȚȣ
Ȑ Ń’ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȌȖȓȋȖȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ ș ȕȐȔ  ȈȊ-
ȋțșȚȈ ǪȐȌȈȚȤ ȌȐȊȕȈȧ ȘȍȗȍȚȐȓȐȧ — ȐȉȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȍȗȍȚȐȓȐȧ
— ȕȈȌȌȈȓȈ ȝȖȌț ȗȖșȓȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș ȕȈȔȐ
— ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȍȑ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ șȒȖȘȖșȚȐ ȊȈȠ ȉȖȘȚȖȊȖȑ ȏȈȓȗ"
— ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȧ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǬȎȐȔ — ǶȚ ȕȈș ȏȔȐȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ-
șȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȕȈ ȦȋȖ-ȊȖșȚȖȒ ǶșȔȍȓȦșȤ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȉȣ șȚȖ țȏȓȖȊ Ȋ ȟȈș ș ȚȈ-
ȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȤȦ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȊȍȚȘȍ
— ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Țȣ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȔȖȘȧȒ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȏȈȌȊȐȋȈȓ
ȟȍȓȦșȚȧȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȎȍȊȣȊȈȧ ȚȈȉȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȈ
— ǵȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ șȥȘ ǬȓȐȕȣ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ
ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȌȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȉȈȒȍȕȈ Ȉ ȠȐȘȐȕȖȑ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ș ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ
Țȍȝ ȒȘțȋȓȣȝ ȜȖȘȚȖȊ
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȈȧ ȉȈȑȒȈ ǬȎȐȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǵȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ
ȓȐ Țȣ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ Ȑ
Ȋșȧ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ"
— ǫȖȊȖȘȦ ȊȈȔ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȈșȚȍȘ ǿȈȘȓȤȏ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȧșȕȖ ȒȈȒ
ȊȐȎț ȊȈș ǰ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȘȖȔ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȔȐȑ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ©ǨȔȜȐȚȘȐȚțª ȗȖȒȈ Ȕȣ ș ǹȈțȓȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ
Ȑ ȕȍ șȕȍș ȕȈȠț ȋȘȖȚ-șȚȍȕȤȋț șȖ ȊșȍȔ ȚȈȒȍȓȈȎȍȔ Ȑ ȗȈȘțșȈ-
ȔȐ— ǷȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǬȎȐȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ
— Ƕ ȌȈ șȥȘ — ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ — ȕȖ ȊȈȔ ȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȚȖȋȖ ȏȔȐȧ ȒȈȒ


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ȊȐȌȍȓ ȧ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȈȓ ȓȐ
ȟȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ǬȎȐȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ Ȗ ȘȈȗȖȘȚȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ©ǬȍȌȈȓȈª
ǨȌȔȐȘȈȓȚȍȑșȚȊț Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȚȘțȌ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȚȤ ȞȍȓțȦ ȋȖȘț
ȔȍșȚȕȣȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ DzȈȒ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȕȖȔȍȘȖȊ ©ǽȥȔȗ-
ȠȐȘ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜª ȏȈ  ȋȖȌ ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȕȐȎȍșȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ ȒȖ-
ȗȐȦ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ ǴȈ-DzȈȑȍ  ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ
 ȋȖȌȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț ȗȖȘȚȈ ǬȍȊȖȕȗȖȘȚ
ʙˑ˓˃˄ˎ˟ ʔˈ ʑˈˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅˃ Ǽʓˈˇ˃ˎǽ
ʤ˃ˏˑ˃ˊˈǡ ͳͳ ˑˍ˕ˢ˄˓ˢǤ
ʠˠ˓ǡ — ˅ ˑ˕˅ˈ˕ ː˃ ʑ˃˛ˈ ˒ˋ˔˟ˏˑ ˑ˕ ˔ˈˆˑˇːˢ˛ːˈˆˑ ˚ˋ˔ˎ˃ǡ ˊ˃-
˒˓˃˛ˋ˅˃ˡ˜ˈˈ ˑ˄˝ˢ˔ːˈːˋˌ ˍ˃˔˃˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˋ˔˕ˋːːˑ˔˕ˋ ˔ˑˑ˄˜ˈːˋˢǡ
ˑ˒˖˄ˎˋˍˑ˅˃ːːˑˆˑ ˅ ˆ˃ˊˈ˕ˈ ʒˎˑ˄ǡ ˑ˕ːˑ˔ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ ˊˏˈˢ
ːˈˑ˄˞˚˃ˌː˞˘ ˓˃ˊˏˈ˓ˑ˅ǡ ˊ˃ˏˈ˚ˈːːˑˆˑ ˅ˑ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˘ˑˇ˃ ˋˊ
ʗ˔˕-ʗːˇˋˋ ˔ ˄ˑ˓˕˃ ˍˑ˓˃˄ˎˢ ʔˈ ʑˈˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅˃ ʓˈˇ˃ˎǡ ː˃˘ˑˇˋ˅-
˛ˈˆˑ˔ˢ ˒ˑˇ ˏˑˋˏ ˍˑˏ˃ːˇˑ˅˃ːˋˈˏǡ ˋˏˈˡ ˚ˈ˔˕˟ ˔ˑˑ˄˜ˋ˕˟ ʑ˃ˏ
ˋ ˚ˎˈː˃ˏ ˃ˇˏˋ˓˃ˎ˕ˈˌ˔ˍˑˆˑ ˔ˑ˅ˈ˕˃ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˈˈǣ
ʑ ˒ˢ˕˟ ˚˃˔ˑ˅ ˒ˑ˒ˑˎ˖ˇːˋ ͸ ˃˅ˆ˖˔˕˃ ˔ˈˆˑ ˆˑˇ˃ǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˍˑ˓˃˄ˎ˟
ː˃˘ˑˇˋˎ˔ˢ ː˃ ʹͶŃͶͶǯ ˡˉːˑˌ ˛ˋ˓ˑ˕˞ ˋ ͻŃʹʹǯ ˅ˑ˔˕ˑ˚ːˑˌ ˇˑˎ-
ˆˑ˕˞ǡ ˒˓ˋ˚ˈˏ ˒ˑˆˑˇ˃ ˔˕ˑˢˎ˃ ˔˖ˏ˓˃˚ː˃ˢ ˋ ˑ˄ˎ˃˚ː˃ˢǡ ˅ˈ˕ˈ˓ ˊ˃-
ˇ˖˅˃ˎ ˔ ʜǤ-ʑǤǡ ː˃ ʖǤ-ʑǤ ˑ˕ˏˈ˚˃ˎˑ˔˟ ˖ˏˈ˓ˈːːˑˈ ˅ˑˎːˈːˋˈ ˋ ˍˑ-
˓˃˄ˎ˟ ˛ˈˎ ˎˈ˅˞ˏ ˆ˃ˎ˔ˑˏ ː˃ ʜǤʑǤ˕ǤʜǤǡ ˏˋ˔˕ˈ˓ ʠ˃˓˕ˑ˓ˋ˔ǡ ˆ˃˓ˇˈ-
ˏ˃˓ˋːǡ ˊ˃ˏˈ˕ˋˎ ːˈ˚˕ˑ ːˈˑ˄˞˚ːˑˈǡ ˄˞˔˕˓ˑ ˒˓ˋ˄ˎˋˉ˃ˡ˜ˈˈ˔ˢ
ˍ ˍˑ˓˃˄ˎˡ ˔ ˕˓˃˅ˈ˓˔˃Ǥ ʝ˄ ˠ˕ˑˏ ˑ˄˔˕ˑˢ˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅ˈ ˑː ːˈˏˈˇˎˈː-
ːˑ ˋˊ˅ˈ˔˕ˋˎ ˅˃˘˕ˈːːˑˆˑ ˑ˗ˋ˙ˈ˓˃ǡ ˎˈˌ˕ˈː˃ː˕˃ ʬˇˆ˃˓˃ ʓ˓˃ˏˏˑː-
ˇ˃ǡ ˅ˏˈ˔˕ˈ ˔ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˏ ˋ ˏˋ˔˕ˈ˓ˑˏ ʢǤ ʐ˃˓˓ˈ˕ˑˏǡ ˛˕˖˓ˏ˃ːˑˏǡ ˢ
˅ ˠ˕ˑ˕ ˏˑˏˈː˕ ˒˓ˑˆ˖ˎˋ˅˃ˎ˔ˢ ˒ˑ ˍ˅˃˓˕ˈ˓ˇˈˍ˖Ǥ ʙˑˏ˃ːˇ˃ ˅ ˕ˑ ˅˓ˈ-
ˏˢ ː˃˘ˑˇˋˎ˃˔˟ ˊ˃ ˖ˉˋːˑˏǤ
ʝ˄˓˃˕ˋ˅ ˅ːˋˏ˃ːˋˈ ː˃ ˑ˄˝ˈˍ˕ǡ ˏ˞ ː˃˛ˎˋǡ ˚˕ˑ ˠ˕ˑ ˄˞ˎ˃ ˆˋ-
ˆ˃ː˕˔ˍ˃ˢ ˊˏˈˢǡ ˚˟ˢ ˆˑˎˑ˅˃ ˋ ˒ˎˈ˚ˋ ˒ˑ˔˕ˑˢːːˑ ˑ˔˕˃˅˃ˎˋ˔˟ ˅ ˚ˈ-
˕˞˓ˈ˘ ˗˖˕˃˘ ː˃ˇ ˒ˑ˅ˈ˓˘ːˑ˔˕˟ˡ ˏˑ˓ˢǢ ˒˓ˋ˄ˎˋˊˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˈ ˔˓˃˅-
ːˈːˋˈ ˓˃ˊˏˈ˓ˑ˅ ˉˋ˅ˑ˕ːˑˆˑ ˔ ˕ˈˏǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˅˞ˆˎˢˇˈˎ ˄˞ ˅ ˅ˑˇˈ ː˃˛
ˆ˓ˑ˕-ˏ˃˓˔˃-˓ˈˌǡ ˒ˑˍ˃ˊ˃ˎˑǡ ˚˕ˑ ˇˎˋː˃ ˈˆˑ ˔ˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˢˎ˃ ːˈ ˏˈːˈˈ


˛ˈ˔˕ˋˇˈ˔ˢ˕ˋ ˗˖˕ˑ˅ à fleur d’eau ˋ ˚˕ˑ ːˋˍ˃ˍ˃ˢ ˅ˋˇˋˏ˃ˢ ˚˃˔˕˟
˕ˈˎ˃ǡ ː˃˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˏ˞ ˏˑˆˎˋ ˔˖ˇˋ˕˟ǡ ːˈ ˔˒ˑ˔ˑ˄˔˕˅ˑ˅˃ˎ˃ ˈˆˑ ˒ˈ˓ˈ-
ˇ˅ˋˉˈːˋˡ ˅ ˅ˑˇˈǡ ˄˖ˇ˟ ˕ˑ ˔ ˒ˑˏˑ˜˟ˡ ˅ˈ˓˕ˋˍ˃ˎ˟ː˞˘ ˋˎˋ ˆˑ˓ˋ-
ˊˑː˕˃ˎ˟ː˞˘ ˔ˑˍ˓˃˜ˈːˋˌǤ ʠ˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˑ ˄˞˔˕˓ˑ ˒˓ˑ˒ˎ˞ˎˑ ˏˋˏˑ
ː˃˔ǡ ːˑ ˕˃ˍ ˄ˎˋˊˍˑ ˍ ˡ˕˖ ˔ ˒ˑˇ˅ˈ˕˓ˈːːˑˆˑ ˄ˑ˓˕˃ǡ ˚˕ˑǡ ˄˖ˇ˟ ˕ˑ
ˊː˃ˍˑˏ˞ˌ ˏːˈ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍǡ ˢ ˄ˈˊ ˕˓˖ˇ˃ ːˈ˅ˑˑ˓˖ˉˈːː˞ˏ ˆˎ˃ˊˑˏ
˓˃˔˒ˑˊː˃ˎ ˄˞ ˚ˈ˓˕˞ ˈˆˑ ˎˋ˙˃Ǥ ʑˑ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˒˓ˋ˄ˎˋˉˈːˋˢ ˍ ˍˑ-
˓˃˄ˎˡ ˋ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˕ˑˆˑǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˑːˑ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˔ˈˍˎˑ ː˃˛ ˍˋˎ˟˅˃˕ˈ˓ǡ ˔˖˜ˈ-
˔˕ ˅ˑ ːˋ ˓˃ˊ˖ ːˈ ˑ˕ˍˎˑːˋˎˑ˔˟ ˑ˕ ˔˅ˑˈˆˑ ˍ˖˓˔˃ ː˃ ʖǤ-ʑǤǡ ˒˓ˑˇˑˎ-
ˉ˃ˢ ˒ˎ˞˕˟ ˔ˑ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ˔˕˟ˡ ˑ˕ ˇ˅ˈː˃ˇ˙˃˕ˋ ˇˑ ˒ˢ˕ː˃ˇ˙˃˕ˋ ˏˋˎ˟
˅ ˚˃˔ǡ ˔˖ˇˢ ˒ˑ ˅˔ˈˏ˖ǡ ˔ ˍ˃ˍˑˌ-˕ˑ ˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈːːˑˌ ˙ˈˎ˟ˡǤ
ʓˋ˃ˏˈ˕˓ ˊˏˈˋ ˔ˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˢˎ ˑ˕ ˒ˢ˕ː˃ˇ˙˃˕ˋ ˇˑ ˛ˈ˔˕ː˃ˇ˙˃˕ˋ
ˇˡˌˏˑ˅ ːˈ˒ˑ˔˓ˈˇ˔˕˅ˈːːˑ ˊ˃ ˆˑˎˑ˅ˑˌǢ ˆˑˎˑ˅˃ ˠ˕˃ ˅ːˈ ˔ˑˏːˈːˋˢ
˄˞ˎ˃ ˊˏˈˋːˑˌ ˋ ːˋ ˓˃ˊ˖ ː˃ ˒˓ˑ˕ˢˉˈːˋˋ ˕ˈ˘ ˇ˅˃ˇ˙˃˕ˋ ˏˋː˖˕ǡ
˚˕ˑ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˑ ː˃˘ˑˇˋˎˑ˔˟ ˅ ˒ˑˎˈ ˊ˓ˈːˋˢ ː˃˛ˋ˘ ˄ˋːˑˍˎˈˌǡ ːˈ
ˑ˒˖˔ˍ˃ˎ˃˔˟ ˒ˑˇ ˅ˑˇ˖Ǥ ʥ˅ˈ˕ ˈˈ ˄˞ˎ ˕ˈˏːˑ-ˍˑ˓ˋ˚ːˈ˅˞ˏǡ ː˃ ˆˑ˓-
ˎˈ — ˉˈˎ˕ˑ˅˃˕ˑ-˄ˈˎ˞ˏǤ ʞˎ˃˅ːˋˍˑ˅ ːˈ ˋˏˈˎˑ˔˟ǡ ːˑ ː˃ ˔˒ˋːˈ
ˍˑˎ˞˘˃ˎˑ˔˟ ːˈ˚˕ˑ ˒ˑ˘ˑˉˈˈ ː˃ ˍˑː˔ˍ˖ˡ ˆ˓ˋ˅˖ ˋˎˋǡ ˔ˍˑ˓ˈˈǡ ˒˖˚-
ˍˋ ˅ˑˇˑ˓ˑ˔ˎˈˌǤ ʕˋ˅ˑ˕ːˑˈǡ ˒ˑˏˋˏˑ ˏˈːˢ ˋ ˖ˍ˃ˊ˃ːː˞˘ ˅˞˛ˈ
ˑ˗ˋ˙ˈ˓ˑ˅ǡ ˅ˋˇˈˎˋ ˔˕˃˓˛ˋˌ ˏ˃˕˓ˑ˔ǡ ˄ˑ˙ˏ˃ːˏ˃˕ ˋ ˓˖ˎˈ˅ˑˌǤ
ʮ ˅ˈˎˈˎ ˅˞˒ˑˎːˋ˕˟ ˓ˋ˔˖ːˑˍ ˊˏˈˢ ː˃ ˑ˔ːˑ˅ˈ ː˃˄˓ˑ˔ˍ˃ǡ ˔ˇˈ-
ˎ˃ːːˑˆˑ ˔˓˃ˊ˖ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˅˔˕˓ˈ˚ˋ ˔ ːˋˏǡ ˋ ː˃ˇˈˡ˔˟ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˑː ˄˖ˇˈ˕
ˆˑ˕ˑ˅ ˇˎˢ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˍˋ ˆˑ˔˒ˑˇ˃ˏ ˚ˎˈː˃ˏ ˃ˇˏˋ˓˃ˎ˕ˈˌ˔ˍˑˆˑ ˔ˑ˅ˈ-
˕˃ ˔ ˊ˃˅˕˓˃˛ːˈˌ ˒ˑ˚˕ˑˌǤ
ʝ˔˕˃ˡ˔˟ ˋ ˒˓ˑ˚Ǥǡ
ʞˋ˕ˈ˓ ʛ˃-ʙ˃ˌˈǡ ˍ˃˒ˋ˕˃ːǤ
ǨȌȔȐȘȈȓț șȥȘț ǻ ǫ DzȍȑȌȎț Gǹǵ ǬȍȊȖȕȗȖȘȚ
ǶȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȊȠȐșȤ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȘȈȗȖȘȚȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦ
ȗȘȐȟȐȕ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ǬȎȐȔȈ ǵȤȦȔȈȕȈ Ȗ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ
ș ǪǭdzǰDzǰǴ ǴǶǸǹDzǰǴ ǯǴǭǭǴ


Ɍ ɏɢɥɥ Ʌɟɜɢɚɮɚɧ


Ǿ. ǸȖȝșȖțȑ
ǶǿȀǶǻǻǮȍ ǽǾǮǰDzǮ
(1892)


85
And if ye doubt the tale I tell,
Steer through the South Pacific swell;
Go where the branching coral hives
Unending strife of endless lives,
Where, leagued about the ’wildered boat,
The rainbow jellies fill and float;
And, lilting where the laver lingers,
The starfish trips on all her fingers;
Where, ’neath his myriad spines ashock,
The sea-egg ripples down the rock;
An orange wonder dimly guessed,
From darkness where the cuttles rest,
Moored o’er the darker deeps that hide
The blind white Sea-snake and his bride
Who, drowsing, nose the long-lost ships
Let down through darkness to their lips.
The Palms.
ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ ȔȈșȖȕ —
ȔȈșȖȕȖȔ Ȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȑ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȖȔ
ǵȈș ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȚȘȖȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȋȈȏȍȚȟȐȒȈȔȐ Ǵȣ
ȉȣȓȐ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȈȔȐ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȍȋȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȐȒȈ
ȉȍȋȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȔȖȘȧȔ ȒțȌȈ ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȚșȧ ȝȖȏȧȍȊȈȔ DzȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȊȖȏȐȓ ȎȍȓȍȏȕțȦ ȘțȌț Ȑȏ ǩȐȓȤȉȈȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȉȣȓ șȌȈȕ Ȋ ȈȘȍȕȌț
ȐșȗȈȕșȒȖȔț ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊț Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕ Ȋ ǴȈȕȐȓț Ȉ ȕȣȕȍ
ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȓ șȊȖȐ ȌȕȐ Ȋ DzȍȑȗȚȈțȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȏȧ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ-ȒțȓȐ
Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȖȉȐȘȈȧșȤ ȌȖ ǴȈȌȈȋȈșȒȈȘȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȖ
șȈȔȖȑ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ Ǵȣ țȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȐȌȍȚ ȗȖȘȖȎȕȧȒȖȔ Ȋ ǹȈțȚ-
ȋȍȔȗȚȖȕ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȗȖȗȓȣȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȗȓȈȚț ș ȕȈș ȏȈȗȘȖșȐȓȐ
ȗțșȚȧȟȕțȦ DzȍȓȓȍȘ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȊȖȏȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ș ǴȈȌȈȋȈșȒȈȘȈ ȋȌȍ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓ ȌȊȖȘȞȖȊȣȍ ȒȈȏȕȐ.
ǬȦȎȐȑ ǯȨȑȓȈȕȌ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȋȖȓȓȈȕȌȍȞ ȉȣȓ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȍȔ Ȑ
ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȒȐ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌ ǰȖȋȈȕȕȍșȉțȘȋȖȔ
ǰ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ — șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȧ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȋșȧ-
ȒțȦ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȐȒț Ȑ ȗȖȒȓȧȓșȧ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ
ȟȍȔ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȍȚșȧ ȗȓȖșȒȈȧ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ ȖȚ șȚȍȘȍȖȚȐȗȐȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ©ǸȥȚȔȈȑȕșª ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ DzȍȑȗȚȈțȕȈ DzȍȓȓȍȘ ȏȈȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ǹȗțșȚȧ ȔȐȕțȚ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȈȘȖȟȐȚȖȑ ȖȚ-
ȟțȎȌȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ șȓȍȌȈ Ȑ Ȕȣ țȋȓțȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȎȐȊ-


86
ȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ ȖȉȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕ-
ȌȍȕȞȐȑ. ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȈȦȚȣ Ȋȣșțȕțȓșȧ ǯȨȑȓȈȕȌ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȖ-
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȔȈ Ȕȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȉȣȓȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȧȝ Ǵȣ ȜȖȘ-
ȔȈȓȤȕȖ ȊșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȊȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȔ ȊȏȓȖȔȈȓȐ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȖȑ ȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ — ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȕȈ ȔȈ-
ȕȐȓȤșȒȐȝ ȓȐȕȐȧȝ ȔȣȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ — ȊȣȋȘȍȉȓȐ Ȑȏ ȊȈȕȕȣ
ȋȘțȌț șȐȋȈȘȕȣȝ ȖȒțȘȒȖȊ Ȑ ȈȗȍȓȤșȐȕȖȊȣȝ ȠȒțȘȖȒ șțȕțȓȐ Ȕȍ-
ȓȖȟȤ ȓȈșȒȈȘț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȖȚ ȉȘȐȓ ȕȈș ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț
ǺȘȖȍ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ ǹȈțȚȋȍȔȗȚȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȍșșȖ-
ȘȐȓȐșȤ ȉȣ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȖȚ șȒțȒȐ ǵȖ ț ȕȈș ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȘȍȔȍșȓȖ Ȑ ȕȈș
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȕȍ ȕȈȏȖȊȍȠȤ ǷȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ Ȋ
ȔȐȘȍ Ȉ Ȑȏ șȖȘȖȒȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȖȌȕț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȋ
ȌȈȔșȒȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ
 ȉȣȓȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȕȖȊȖșȚȧȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ
ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȊșȍȖȉȡȍȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ
Ȕȣ ȡȍȌȘȖ ȖȉȔȍȕȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȐȔȐ — șȖ ȊșȍȔ Ȑȝ ȔȍșȚȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȖȘȐ-
ȚȖȔ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ǷȖșȓȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊȈȝ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȑ
ȐȋȘȖȑ Ȋ ȒȈȘȚȣ ȕȈșȚȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȌ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȗ șȍȉȍ Ȗ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȣȝ ȕȈ-
ȔȐ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȝ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȠ-
ȓȐ Ȗ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ Ȑ ȉȍȓȣȝ Ȗ ȗȈȕȐȒȍ ȕȈ ǩȘțȒȓȐȕșȒȖȔ ȔȖșȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ
șȓȍȗȖȑ țȎȈș ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈșȔȍȘȚȤ
ȌȈȊȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ șȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȗ ȗȖȎȈȘȈȝ Ȑ
ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȐșȚȖȠȕȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȊȠȐȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȐȞȈȝ Ȋ ȘȈș-
ȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȒȖȕȕȣȝ ȘȈȔȈȝ Ȗ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȈȝ ȊȖ ȓȤȌȈȝ Ȑ șȕȍȋȈȝ
Ȑ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȈȎȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȕȣ ȗȐșȈȓȐ ȕȈ șȗȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȉțȒșȐȘȈȝ
ȗȖȌ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȔȖȘȖșȤȦ șȖ șȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȒȘțȗȖȑ ȘȐșȒțȧ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ Ȗ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȗȖȋȖȕȧȝ ȏȈ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȈȓȔȈȏȖȊ Ȗ șȚȣȟ-
ȒȈȝ ș ȉțȘȈȔȐ Ȋ ȊȍȓȤȌȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȧȝ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȝ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȖȊ
Ȗ ȝȐȚȘȖșȗȓȍȚȍȕȐȧȝ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȐ DzȍȑȗȚȈțȕȈ Ȑ ©ȖșȓȐȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȧª Ȋ ǺȘȈȕșȊȈȈȓȍ ǰ ȍȡȍ ȚȣșȧȟȈ Ȑ ȖȌȕȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ Ȗ ȒȈȘȚȈȝ
ȓȖȠȈȌȧȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȝ — Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȊȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ Ȋ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȖȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȈș ȚȘȖȐȝ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȊȏȧȚȣȝ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȊȠȐȑ
ȌȈȘȖȔ șȓȖȊȈ șȐȌȍȓ ș ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȔ ȘȚȖȔ ȌȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȔ ȕȈȌȖȍȌȈȓȐ ȉȈȑȒȐ Ȕȣ șȕȖȊȈ ȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȒȈȘȚȣ
ȕȖ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȑ ȘȈșȒȓȈȌ ȐȓȐ ȉȍȋȓȈȧ ȜȘȈȏȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧ-
ȓȐ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȕȈș ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ©DzșȚȈȚȐ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ
Ȕȕȍ Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȚȐȗȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȗ șȓțȟȈȍ ȒȖȋȌȈª — Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈ-


87
ȏȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȉ ©ǸȥȚȔȈȑȕșª ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȧ ȚȍȗȓțȦ ȊȖȌț Ƞȍȓ
ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȧ ȏȈ ȒȈȘȚȈȔȐ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȉțȘȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ Ȕȣ
șȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ț ȘțȓȍȊȖȑ ȘțȉȒȐ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȉȖȞȔȈȕ-ȠȊȍȌ
ȗȘȖȏȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȔȐ ©ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜ-ȌȈȚȟȈȕȐȕª șȚȖȧȓ ț ȠȚțȘȊȈȓȈ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȍȚ ȕȈȠȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ. ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ
Ȗȕ ș ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȒȘțȚȐȓ ȠȚțȘȊȈȓ Ȑ DzȍȓȓȍȘ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȊ-
ȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȠȍȏȓȖȕȋȍ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ" ǵȍ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȖșțȌȐȕț șȓțȠȈȚȤșȧ"
— Ǫ ȊȖȌȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚșȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜ — ǿȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȘț ȗȓȣȊȍȔ. ǩțȌȚȖ ȚȈȡȐȚ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȥȚȐȔ țȚȘȖȔ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȌȈȍȚ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ©șțȝȖȗțȚȕȈȧ ȒȘȣ-
șȈª ȖȡțȡȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȉȣ ȒȖșȖ ȊșȚȈȍȚ
ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȊȏȉȐȘȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȊȐȌȐ-
Ȕȣȑ șȒȓȖȕ ǩȣȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȗțȚȤ ȕȍ
ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȗȐșȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȗȈȘȈȔ ȕȐ ȗȖȗțȚȕȖȔț ȊȍȚ-
Șț Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ șțȌȕȖ ©ȠȓȖ ȗȖȌ țȒȓȖȕª ǵȖ
ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȕȖ ȕȍ șțȔȍȓ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣȏ-
ȊȈȕȣ ȥȚȐ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȣ Ȑ șȗțșȒȐ
— DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ ȗȖȗțȚȕȖȔ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǼȘȐ-
ȚȤȖȜ — ǷȘȐ ȗȖȗțȚȕȖȔ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȓȖȝȖ șȓț-
ȠȈȍȚșȧ
ǴȖȘȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȓȈȌȒȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȘțȌ Ȍȓȧ țȚȖȒ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȧ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȌȖȝȖȊ Ȑ ȊȣȌȖȝȖȊ ȇ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȧ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȊȏȧȚȤșȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ ǵȈ ȒȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ-ȧșȕȖȔ ȕȍ-
ȉȍ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ dzțȟȐ țȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȌț ȖȏȈȘȐȊ ȔȖȘȍ Șȍȏ-
ȒȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ; ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖȕȖ ȊȖȚ-ȊȖȚ ȏȈȏȊȍȕȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȉȓȐșȚȈȦȡȐȑ
ȋȖȕȋ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȝȊȈȚȈȓ ȋȓȈȏ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȐȓȤȊȈȚȍȘȕȣȑ șȓȍȌ Ȑ țȏȒȈȧ
ȉȍȓȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȏȈ șȊȐșȈȊȠȐȔ ș ȒȖȘȔȣ ȓȈȋȓȐȕȍȔ,
ȕȈȘțȠȈȓȐ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ ȊȖȌ
DzȍȓȓȍȘ ȊȣȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȠȍȏȓȖȕȋȈ Ȑ ȗȖȉȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔț ȏȈ ȈȕȈ-
ȕȈșȖȔ — Ȟȍȓȣȑ țȘȖȎȈȑ Ȑȝ ȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȓ ȚȈȔ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȊȍșȖȔ
— ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜ ȓȈȋȓȐȕȦ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȚȤ Ƕȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ-
șȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ — ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȗȕ
— ǿȚȖ" — ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȊȖȗȐȓ ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜ


88
— dzȈȋȓȐȕȤ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚ, — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ DzȍȓȓȍȘ șȊȍ-
șȐȊȠȐșȤ ș ȒȖȘȔȣ ȇ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȈȋȓȐȕȤ
ȍȡȍ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȚțȋȖ ȕȈȚȧȕțȚȣȑ ȕȈȌ ȘȍȓȐȕȋȖȔ ȊȧȓȖ ȗȘȖȊȐș Ȑ
ȏȈȊȐȓșȧ ȒȖȓȤȞȈȔȐ
ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȕȖȑ ȚȘțȉȍ Ȑ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȔȖ-
șȚȐȒ
— ǬȈ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ țȏȓȖȊ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȐ ș ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ
ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǿȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȖȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ" — ȉȣȓ ȖȚȊȍȚ
— ǯȖȊȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț, — ȗȘȖȘȍȊȍȓ ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜ
Dz ȚȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǯȨȑȓȈȕȌ DzȍȓȓȍȘ Ȑ ȧ țșȗȍȓȐ ȏȈȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ
ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜȈ — ȊșȧȒȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȏȈȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȦȚȣ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȗȖȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓ ș ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜȖȔ ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȓȈȋȓȐȕȤ Ȑ ȗȖȔȟȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȐȒ.
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ
— ǶȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ DzȍȑȗȚȈțȕ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ DzȍȓȓȍȘ
ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȧ ȊȞȍȗȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȠȚțȘȊȈȓ ǯȈȚȍȔ
Ȗȕ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ȕȈș ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ Ǵȣ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȐ ȠȚțȘȊȈȓ ȗȖȒȈ
©ǸȥȚȔȈȑȕșª ȕȍ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȓțȠȈȚȤșȧ — Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȒȐȓȤȊȈȚȍȘ-
ȕȣȑ șȓȍȌ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ țȎȍ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȉ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȍ ȔȈșȓȧ-
ȕȐșȚȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȓȍȚȍȓȖ ȔȐȔȖ ȕȖșȈ ȝȖȚȤ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȠȓȐ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȕȣȔ
ȝȖȌȖȔ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȐȒȍ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ǫ șȓȍȌțȦ-
ȡȐȑ ȔȐȋ ȧ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ ȖȌȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȊȐȕȈ ȔȖȘȧ ȉțȌȚȖ ȊșȗțȟȐȓȈșȤ ȝȖȓȔȖȔ ȕȈȌ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ǻ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȋȖȘȉȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȋȘȍȉȕȧ ȕȐ ȗȍȕȣ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȈȋȐȉȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȈ — ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ș ȔȍȓȒȐȔȐ ȏȈȊȐȝȘȍȕȐȧȔȐ
ȉȍȋțȡȐȔȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȧȔ ȇ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȓȔ ȕȈȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ©ǸȥȚ-
ȔȈȑȕșª ȖȉȠȐȊȒȈ ȏȈșȚȖȕȈȓȈ ȕȖș ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ
ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈșȚȈȓȖ ȔȖȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȏȍȔȕȖȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ǵȣ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ Dzȍȓ-
ȓȍȘ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ țȝȖ
— ǩȍȏȌȕȣ ȋȓțȉȐȕ ȟȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ!
©ǸȥȚȔȈȑȕșª ȏȈșȚȣȓ ǪȐȕȚ ȍȋȖ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ȊȏȘȍȏȈȧ
șȒȓȖȕ ȊȖȌȧȕȖȋȖ țȡȍȓȤȧ țȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȏ ȕȈ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ ȗȖȓȔȐ-
ȓȐ Ǵȣ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț șȒȓȖȕț ǵȖș ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȗȈȝ ȊȓȈȋȖȑ Ȑ ȚȐȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȗțșȚȖȑ


89
ȈȒȊȈȘȐțȔ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȊșȚȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȝȖȓȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ — ȕȈȝȓȣȕțȊȠȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ
ȗȖȕȍșȓȈ Ȑ țȌȈȘȐȓȈ Ȗ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȘțȓȍȊȖȑ ȘțȉȒȐ ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ ȧ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȊȍșȚȐ Ȍțȝ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȚȍȘȍȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȈș șȚȈȓȖ ȉȘȖșȈȚȤ Ȋ ȘȈ-
ȏȖȌȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȊȖȌȈ ȓȐȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȠȚȖȘȔȖȊȣȝ ȗȖȘȚȖȊ ȒȈȒ
ș ȒȘȣȠ Ȋ ȉțȘȦ
— ǩȣȓȖ ȚȘȐ ȊȖȓȕȣ — șȒȈȏȈȓ DzȍȓȓȍȘ — ǺȖȗȒț ȏȈȓȐȓȖ
Ǫșȍ ȒȖȟȍȋȈȘȣ ȊȣȓȍȏȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȚȖȟȕȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȧșȤ țȚȖȕțȚȤ.
ǷȘȐȠȍȓ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒ Ȑ ȗȖȋȕȈȓ Ȑȝ ȊȕȐȏ Ȉ ȗȘȖȟȐȍ ȔȈȚ-
ȘȖșȣ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȖȚȒȈȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȊȖȌț ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȍȑ ȏȈȚȖ
ȖȌȖȉȘȍȕȕȖȑ ǬȍȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȐ ȘțȟȕȖȑ ȗȖȔȗȖȑ ǻȉȍ-
ȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ©ǸȥȚȔȈȑȕșª Ȟȍȓ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖ-
șȚȐ Ȉ ȕȍ ȐȌȍȚ ȒȖ Ȍȕț ȧ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ
— DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȑ ȊȏȘȣȊ ǰȏȊȍȘ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ ȊțȓȒȈȕȈ — ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ DzȍȓȓȍȘ
— Ǻȍȗȓȍȍ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȧ
ȅȚȐ ȠȐȘȖȚȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ȕȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȏȊȍȘșȒȐ ȇ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȓșȧ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋȣ-
Ƞȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȒțȚȈȕȖ ȓȐȗȒȐȔ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ
— ǵȈȔ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȕȖȊȣȝ șȦȘȗȘȐȏȖȊ" — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Dzȍȓ-
ȓȍȘ Ȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǩțȌȤȚȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȣ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȖșȚȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȎȐȊȣȝ ǯȍȔȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȖ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕțȦ ȊȖȓȕț
ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȌȕȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȜțȚȖȊ ǵȖ
ȊȖȚ ȝȖȓȖȌ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȍȕ ǺȍȘȔȖȔȍȚȘ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ șȖ-
ȘȖȒ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȋȘȈȌțșȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ Ȉ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ
Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȠȍșȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȊȖșȤȔȐ...
— ȅȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȖȔȍȘȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ! — ȊȍșȤ ȌȘȖȎȈ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ Dzȍȓ-
ȓȍȘ. — ǵȖ ȕȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȚȤ șȐȘȍȕț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ" DzȈ-
ȎȍȚșȧ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȋțȌȖȒ.
— ǹȓȣȠȈȓ ǩȖȎȍ ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ș ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ Ȑ ȌȍȘȕțȓ ȏȈ ȠȕțȘ șȐȘȍȕȣ
ǹȐȘȍȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈșȤ ǶȕȈ ȚȘȍȡȈȓȈ ȠȐȗȍȓȈ Ȑ ȉȐȓȈșȤ
Ȋ țȌțȠȤȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȒȖȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȓȕȖ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȋ
ȚȖȗȒȍ ȍȓȍ ȋȖȘȍȓ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȐȘȍȕȈ ȐȏȌȈȓȈ șȚȖȕ ǭȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȑȏ
ȚțȔȈȕȈ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ șȈȔȣȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȐȑ ȋțȌȖȒ șȐȘȍȕȣ
ȒȈȒȖȑ ȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ǵȣ ș DzȍȓȓȍȘȖȔ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ
Ȕȍȓ ǺțȔȈȕ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȚțȔȈȕ ȉȣȓ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ǪșȧȒȖȔț


90
ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
— ǷȖȌȌȈȑȚȍ ȗȈȘț! — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȕțȦ
ȚȘțȉț — ǷȈȘ ȕȈ șȐȘȍȕț ȌȈȎȍ ȍșȓȐ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȖȓȏȚȐ
ǹȐȘȍȕȈ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȏȈșȚȖȕȈȓȈ Ǵȣ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ǹ ȚȍȕȚȈ ȕȈ
ȗȈȓțȉț ȒȈȗȈȓȈ ȊȖȌȈ ǶȚȊȍȚȕȣȑ ȋțȌȖȒ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓ ȕȈ șȍȑ ȘȈȏ ȏȈ
ȒȖȘȔȖȑ ȕȖ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȓȐȎȍ
— Ǵȣ șȍȑȟȈș șȚȖȓȒȕȍȔșȧ ș ©ǷȍȔȉȘȖȒ-DzȈșȚȓȖȔª — șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ DzȍȓȓȍȘ — ǹȓȈȊȈ ǩȖȋț ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ —
ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ șȖ ȏȓȖȉȕȣȔ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍȔ
— ȅȚȖ ȒȖȓȍșȕȣȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȧ — ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ
șȓȣȠȐȚȍ ȓȖȗȈșȚȐ"
Ǵȣ șȊȐșȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȋțȌȍȓȐ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȊȍșȤ ȗȈȘ ǶȚȊȍȚ ȕȈș
ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȖȋȓțȠȐȓ Ǫ ȊȖȌȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȏȈȗȓȍșȒȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ șȍȘȖȍ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ȔȐȔȖ ȕȈș Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȑ Ȕȋȓȍ.
— ©ǷȍȔȉȘȖȒ-DzȈșȚȓª ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȌȕȖȔ — ȏȈȒȘȐ-
ȟȈȓ DzȍȓȓȍȘ ǩțȌțȟȐ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȊșȍȔț ȐșȒȈȓ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍ-
ȕȐȑ — ǾȊȍȚȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌșȚȊȈ ©DzȈșȚȓª Ǵȣ țȋȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ șȍȘȤȍȏȕțȦ
ȏȈȊȈȘțȠȒț
— ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȘȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȏȈȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȕȖ — ȗȖȌȈȓ ȋȖȓȖș ǼȘȐ-
ȚȤȖȜ Ȑȏ ȘțȓȍȊȖȑ ȘțȉȒȐ — DzȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȊȈ!
ǷȖ ȕȖșț ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȈ șȐȘȍȕȈ ǵȈȠȍ șțȌȍȕȣȠȒȖ
ȏȈȒȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȝ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȔ
— ǿȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȧ, — ȉțȘȒȕțȓ Dzȍȓ-
ȓȍȘ — ǵȍ ȗȖȚȖȗȐȚ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȖșȗȍȍȚ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ǺȤȜț Țȣ ȅȚȖ ȍȡȍ
ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ"
ȇ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ ȕȖșȖȔ Ǫ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȖȍ ȏȓȖȊȖȕȐȍ
— ȧ țȎȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ
— ǩțȌȤ Ȕȣ ȕȈ șțȠȍ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȣ ȟȚȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȈȓȓȐȋȈȚȖȘ
— ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ — ǷȈȝȕȍȚ ȔțșȒțșȖȔ
— ǰ ȌȍșȧȚȐ Țȣșȧȟ ȈȓȓȐȋȈȚȖȘȖȊ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ǯȨȑ-
ȓȈȕȌ — ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȗȈȝȕțȚ
— ǯȈȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȕȖ ǯȈȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȕȖ — ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜ —
ǴȖȘȍ șȍȑȟȈș ȊȊȍȘȝ ȚȖȘȔȈȠȒȈȔȐ Ȉ Ȕȣ ȐȌȍȔ ȗȖ Ȍȕț
©ǸȥȚȔȈȑȕșª șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȒȈȟȈȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȐȔȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ǹȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȖ-șȍȘȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȘȈȏȉȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȗ ȕȖș Ȑ ȏȈȓȐȓȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȋțșȚȖȑ șȍȘȖȑ ȚȐȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȖȑ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍȘȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑȏ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȣȝ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕ DzȈȗȓȐ ȗȓȍșȕțȓȐ
Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ — ȚȈȒȐȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȎȐȋȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȒȐȗȧȚȖȒ


91
ǷȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȑ ȊțȓȒȈȕ ȊȏȔȍȚȕțȓ Ȓ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȍ ȔȍȘȚ-
Ȋȣȍ ȊȖȌȣ Țȍ ȝȓȈȌȕȣȍ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȕȣȍ ȊȖȌȣ ȟȚȖ țȉȐȊȈȦȚ Ȋșȍ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȍ Ȑ ȗȈȝȕțȚ ȚȓȍȕȖȔ Ȑ ȗțșȚȖȚȖȑ ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȓȐșȤ ȕȐ Ȋ
ȋțșȚȖȔ ȚțȔȈȕȍ ȕȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȕȖȔ ȔțșȒțșȕȖȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȍ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȔȐ Ǵȣ șȚȖȧ-
ȓȐ ȎȈȓȒȐȍ ȌȘȖȎȈ ȖȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ
— ǺțȔȈȕ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ șȖȗȘȐȒȖș-
ȕțȓșȧ ș ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ. — Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȘȈșșȍȧȚȤșȧ
— ǪȒȓȦȟȐȚȍ șȐȘȍȕț ǰ ȌȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚșȦȌȈ — șȚț-
ȟȈ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ DzȍȓȓȍȘ
ǹȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȚȘțȉȐȓȈ șȐȘȍȕȈ ǬȈȓȍȒȖ ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ ȕȈȔ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȋțȌȒȈ ǰȝ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȣȑ ȊȖȗȓȤ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȋȘȖȔ-
ȟȍ Ȗȕ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȓ ȚțȔȈȕ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ ȇ ȗȖȠȈȚȕțȓ-
șȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ©ǸȥȚȔȈȑȕșª ȕȣȘȕțȓ ȕȖșȖȔ ȗȖȌ ȌȊȖȑȕȖȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȑ
ȗȖȌȕȧȚȖȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈȔȐ
— ǵț ȝȊȈȚȐȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜ — Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȓȒț ǵțȎ-
ȕȖ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ ȖȚșȦȌȈ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȘȈȌȐ ǩȖȋȈ
— ǯȊțȟȐȚ ȚȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ ș șȐȘȍȕȖȑ ©ǷȈȘȐȎȈª Ȋȏȉȍ-
șȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ș ȧȒȖȘȧ ȌȈ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȊȈȚȐȓ ǰȕȈȟȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ
ǹȓȖȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȐ ȕȈ ȋțȉȈȝ ț DzȍȓȓȍȘȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ Ȋȣ-
ȓȍȏȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȖȘȉȐȚ ȟȍȓȦșȚȤ ȖȚȊȐșȓȈ Ǫ ȠȍșȚȤ ȐȓȐ șȍȔȐ ȜțȚȈȝ
ȕȈȌ ȜȈȓȤȠȉȖȘȚȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȔȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȖȗȖ-
Șȣ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȓțȕȈ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍșȈȝ ȊȐșȍȓ dzȐȒ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȔȖȘȌȖȑ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȐȉȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍ-
ȎȈȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȏȕȈȓ ȍȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǸȖȚ ȉȣȓ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚ șȊȐ-
șȈȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȌȖ ȕȍȓȍȗȖșȚȐ ȧȏȣȒ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȒȖȎȈ ȗȖ țȋȓȈȔ ȘȈș-
ȚȧȕțȚȣȝ ȋțȉ ȠȓȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔȐ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȟȍȓȦș-
ȚȐ ȘȖșȓȐ ȡțȗȐȒȐ ȒȈȒ ț ȔȈȘȍȕȣ Ȋ ȗȈșȚȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȖȊ ȏțȉȖȊ ǵȖ țȎȈșȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȏȘȧȟȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ —
ȉȍȓȣȍ ȊȘȈȡȈȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȊȈȘȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȖșȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȕȐ-
ȞȈȝ șȓȍȗȣȍ ǰ ȥȚȖȚ dzȐȒ ȐșȗȍȡȘȍȕȕȣȑ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȓȤȊȐ-
ȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȈșșȐȘȐȑșȒȐȝ ȘȍȓȤȍȜȈȝ ȉȣȓ ȎȐȊȣȔ Ȑ ȒȖȘȟȐȓ-
șȧ ȖȚ ȧȘȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȚȘȈȝȈ ǬȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȡțȗȐȒ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕțȓ-
șȧ Ȓ ȜȈȓȤȠȉȖȘȚț ǯȈȚȍȔ dzȐȒ Ȑșȟȍȏ ș ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȟȍȘȊȧȋȐ, ȗȘȧ-
ȟțȡȍȑșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕțȦ ȕȖȘț ǹȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȔȕȦ
— ȥȚȖ ȔȖȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș


92
— ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗțȏȣȘȤ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȊȣȌȈȊȐȚȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȗȈșȚȐ, — șȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖșȚȤȦ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ
ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȔȈȟȚȍ
DzȍȓȓȍȘ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȖ Ƕȕ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ
ȘțȒț Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȌȖșȚȈȓ șȐȋȈȘț ȖȚȒțșȐȓ ȒȖȕȟȐȒ țȘȖȕȐȓ șȐȋȈ-
Șț ȏȈșțȕțȓ Ȋ ȘȖȚ ȚȘȧșțȡȐȑșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȈȓȍȞ Ȑ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖ-
ȚȈȓ
— ǫȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ ȒȘȣȎȖȊȕȐȒ Ȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ Ȑȏ ȓȧȋțȠȍȒ ǶȋȖȕȤ-
Ȓț ȌȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȖȋȖȕȤȒț ǷȘȖȠț ȌȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȖȋȖȕȤȒț
ǷȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȞț ȗȖȚȍȒȓȈ ȒȈȗȍȓȤȒȈ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ȇ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȕȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȧȋȒȖ
ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȍșțȘȈȏȕȣȔ
— ǷȍȘȍșȚȈȕȤȚȍ Ȋȣ ȖȚȒțșȐȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȗȈȓȍȞ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ
DzȍȓȓȍȘ ȝȘȐȗȓȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓ ș ȗȈȓțȉȣ șȊȖȦ șȐ-
ȋȈȘț
DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǯȨȑȓȈȕȌ ȕȈȋȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈȌ ȜȈȓȤȠ-
ȉȖȘȚȖȔ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȓ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȐȍ ǷȖȏȎȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ
ȍȋȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȚȖȠȕȐȓȖ
— Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ — ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȓ ȕȈȔ — ǪȐȌȍ-
ȓȐ
— ǵȖ ȟȚȖ" — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș DzȍȓȓȍȘ Ȏțȧ ȕȍȘȈșȒțȘȍȕȕțȦ șȐȋȈ-
Șț Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȚțȔȈȕ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȒȓȖȟȤȧȔȐ
Ȑ ȕȈȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȖșȤ ȉȍȏȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȊȠȍȍșȧ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕ ȔȖȘȍ șȍȘȖȍ ȖȚ ȚȐȕȣ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȊȖȌȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȊȏȌȣȉȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȈ ȉȐȉȓȍȑșȒȖȑ ȒȐȗȧȡȍȑ ȔȈȏȐ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȒȐȗȧȡȍ-
ȋȖ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓȖ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ, șȍȘȖȍ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ǹțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ Ƞȍȍȑ — ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȘȍȊțȡȍȍ Ȑ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȡȍȍ-
șȧ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȐ ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜ ȠțȔȕȖ ȊȌȖȝȕțȓ ȏȈȉȣȊ ȊȣȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ
ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȊȣȠȐȚȖȍ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȜțȜȈȑȒȍ ȕȍ
ȊȏȌțȓȖșȤ ȘȈșȗȖȓȏȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȕȈȉȘȈȕȕȈȧ șȚȘȖȒȈ
— ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ǶȕȖ șȓȍȗȖȍ Hur illa! ȅȚȖ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ șȓȍȗȖ
ǰ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓȐ ȖȚ ȎȈȓȖșȚȐ ȐȉȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȣ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȍȗȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖ
șȚȘȈȌȈȓȖ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȐ DzȘȖȊȤ șȚȘțȐȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȐȏȘȍȏȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȐȏȘȈȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȖȒȖȊ ǹȍȘȈȧ șȓȐȏȤ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕ Șțȟȍȑ-
ȒȈȔȐ șȚȍȒȈȓȈ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑȏ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȝ șȒȓȈȌȖȒ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ șȗȐȕȍ ǩȍ-
ȓȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȖȚȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȒȖȓȖȚȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȘȈȕȈȔ ȚȍȓȖ Ȋ ȔțȒȈȝ


93
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ șȍȘȣȝ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕ Ǵȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȌȘȖȎȈ-
ȡȐȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȘȖșȠȐȍ ȘȈȒțȠȒȈȔȐ
ȕȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȒȖȎȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȉȍȏȊȖ-
ȓȖșȈȧ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȏțȉȖȊ Ȑ ȋȘȐȊȣ șȓȍȗȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǷȖșȓȍ ȊȌȈȓȍ-
Ȓȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȚȖȟȒȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȖȑ Ȑ
șȓȖȊȕȖ șȚȘȍȓȈ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȓȈ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȐȋ ȗȖ ȊȖȌȍ Ȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȋȣ-
ȕȣȘȕțȓȈ ȊȚȖȘȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ Ƞȍȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ șȗȘȈȊȈ Ȑ
șȓȍȊȈ ȘȖȒȖȟțȡȐȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȊȖȌȣ ǬȊȈ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ
ȖȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȍ Ȋ ȈȋȖȕȐȐ — șȈȔȍȞ Ȑ șȈȔȒȈ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȐ Ȕȣ șȍȉȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓȈ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ǴȣȟȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȓȣȓȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ ȐȏȋȐȉ ȍȋȖ ȐșȗȖ-
ȓȐȕșȒȖȑ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȠȤȍȑ șȗȐȕȣ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȗȖȌ
ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȖ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓ șȚȍȕȈȧ Ȑ ȐșȚȍȒȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ
Ȑ Ƞȍȧ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȓȐșȤ Ȑ Dzȍȓ-
ȓȍȘ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ șȓțȟȈȧ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ-
șȒȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ ȍȔț ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ǸȈȌȐ ǩȖȋȈ ȍȔț ȕȍȟȍȔ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ.
ǷȖșȓȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ șțȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ șȒȘțȟȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȐȏȊȐ-
ȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȌȍȘȋȈȓȖșȤ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǵȈȠ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȐȒ ȏȈȒȈȟȈȓ-
șȧ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȖȒȈȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȈș șȍȘȖȑ șȓȐȏȤȦ ȇȘȒȖ șȊȍȚȐȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ
ȊȍȚȘȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ Ȑ ȒȖȟȍȋȈȘȣ
ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ șȕȐȏț Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ,
șȒȖȘȉȤȦ Ȑ ȎȈȓȖșȚȤȦ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȣȔ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȔ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖȌȘțȋȈ ǪȏȖȘ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ-
șȒȐȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȊșȍȖȉȡȍȍ ȖȉȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȝ ȗțȚȍȑ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȠȐȘȖȚȈȝ ȕȈ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȈȚȓȈșȈ ǭȋȖ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓȖ Ȑȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕ ȐȏțȊȍȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ țȔȐ-
ȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ țȉȍȎȐȡȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ Ȍȕȍ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ
ȔȐȘȕȖ ȌȖȎȐȚȤ ȌȖ ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ǹțȌȈ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȐȍȕȐȍ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȧȘȖșȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȍ ȊȖȌȣ ȟȚȖ
ȋȘȖȝȖȟțȚ ț șȒȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȉȐȟȈȔȐ ȊȍȚȘȖȊ ǭȋȖ ȗȖȌȘțȋȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ
ȊȖȌȍ ȟțȚȤ ȗȖȖȌȈȓȤ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ șȚȖȕȈȓȈ Ȕȣ ȒȈȠȓȧȓȐ ȖȚ
ȕȈȓȍȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȔțșȒțșȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȈȝȈ
ǪșȗȍȕȐȓȐșȤ ȖȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȊȖȓȕȣ Ȑ ȉȐȚȊȈ ȏȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ǰȏȊȐȊȈȦȡȈȧșȧ Ƞȍȧ țȗȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ Ȟȍȗ ȚțȓȖ-
ȊȐȡȍ ȓȍȋȓȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȒ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȎȐȊȖȚ Ȑ ȐșȗȖȌ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ


95
ȏȈȌȕȍȑ ȕȖȋȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȈ ǴȍȘȚȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȣ Ȑ ȔȖȘȍ ȏȈȒȐȗȍȓȖ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ Ȉ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȘțȋȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȓȈ ȊȖȒ-
Șțȋ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ șȓȍȗțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ǵȣ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ,
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȕȖ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȈș Ȋ
ȥȚȖȚ ȟȈș ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȗȈȓțȉț Ǵȣ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȏȈȚȈȐȊ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ
ǶȕȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȈ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȊ ȗȖȐșȒȐ Ȕȣ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȗȓȍȡȍȚșȧ ȊȖ-
ȌȈ țȌȈȘȧȧ Ȋ ȍȍ ȉȖȒȈ ǶȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓȈ ȠȍȦ
șȓȍȗȈȧ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȈȧ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȐȏȌȈȓȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȕ ȥȝȖȔ ȘȈȏȕȍșȠȐȑ-
șȧ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ — ȚȈȒ țȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȊȌȈȓȤ ȗȖȌșȒȈȒȐȊȈȧ ȕȈȌ ȋȓȈ-
ȌȤȦ ȗȘțȌȈ ȗȓȖșȒȐȑ ȒȈȔȍȠȍȒ ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȗȓȣȓȈ ȕȈ ȏȈ-
ȗȈȌ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȖ ȍȍ ȉȍȓțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȍȕȐșȚȣȑ șȓȍȌ Ȑ
ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȈȧ ȚȖȟȒȈ ȕȈ ȋȖ-
ȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ Ǵȣ șȕȖȊȈ ȓȍȋȓȐ ȕȈ ȒțȘș Ȑ ©ǸȥȚȔȈȑȕșª ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȑ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ șȓȐȏȤȦ ȖȚ ȒȐȓȧ ȌȖ ȒȓȖȚȐȒȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȕȈȔ ȗȖșȍȌȍȊ-
ȠȐȔ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ
***
— Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ șȖȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ — ȚȈȒȖȊȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ șȊȧȏȕȈȧ ȜȘȈȏȈ DzȍȓȓȍȘȈ — Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȍ ȎțȘ-
ȕȈȓȐșȚȣ ț ȕȈș ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȈȧ Ȑ ȕȍȖșȗȖȘȐȔȈȧ șȍȕșȈ-
ȞȐȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ǩțȌȍȔ ȊȍșȚȐ șȍȉȧ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȟȍșȚȕȖ.
ȇ șȚȈȓ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȚȤ ǮțȘȕȈȓȐșȚșȒȈȧ șȖȓȐȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍ ȌȈȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȚ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȜȈȒȚȈȔȐ Ǫ ȒȖȕ-
Ȟȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ Ȍȍȓț ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț DzȍȓȓȍȘ șȕȈȉ-
ȌȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȈȎ ȚȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȋȖȓȖȊȒȈȔȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȗȘȍȊȖȏȕȍș ©ȝȘȈȉȘȖȋȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈª Ȑ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȐȓ șȚȈȚȤȦ țȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȐȔȟȐȊȖșȚȐ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȊȠȍȑ-
șȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȎȐȚȍȓȤ ǬȍȑȚȖȕȈ ȠȚȈȚ ǶȋȈȑȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȋȐ-
ȉȍȓȤ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ǺȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȈȎ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȓ ȉȣ șȈ-
ȔȖ ǺȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ țȎ Ȗ ȎȈȕȘȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȕȖ Ȋ
ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȟȐȒȈ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȕȖȑ ȔȈȕȍȘȣ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȝȈȘȈȒ-
ȚȍȘȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓțȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ, ȉȣȓ ȖȚȕȦȌȤ ȕȍ
ȓȐȠȍȕ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈ ǯȨȑȓȈȕȌ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȊȍșȕȣȝ
șȚȖȓȉȞȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕțȦ ȌȓȐȕț Ȑ ȖȉȢȍȔ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ ȎȐȊȖȚ-


96
ȕȖȋȖ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ șȗȐșȖȒ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȝ ȒȓȧȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ DzȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ǯȨȑȓȈȕȌ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓ șȒȓȖȕȍȕ Ȓ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȧȔ ȐȓȐ șȚȐȓȐș-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈȔ ȇ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȚȘȐ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ șȚȖȓȉȞȈ șȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȟȍȚȈ Ȗ ȗȘȖȐș-
ȠȍȌȠȍȔ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȧ ȓȦȉȣȝ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȝ ȠȚȈȔȗȖȊ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈȔ
ȟȚȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȣ
DzȍȓȓȍȘ ȉȣȓ Ȋȕȍ șȍȉȧ ȖȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ǰȏ ǹȈțȚȋȍȔȗȚȖȕȈ Ȗȕ șȖ-
ȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȕȤȦ-ȑȖȘȒșȒȐȑ ©ǻȖȘȓȌ» Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȚ
Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȣȑ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȈȎ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț ȗȖ ȗȖȟȚȍ
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȓșȧ ȊȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤ dzȖȕȌȖȕ Ȋ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȚȘȍȔȧ
ȋȘȈȕȌȐȖȏȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȋȖȓȖȊȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ
— ǻȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȌȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ
șȍȕșȈȞȐȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
— ȅȚȖ ȊȈȠ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȐȏȐȚ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ"— ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐȓșȧ ȧ
— ǬȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ,
ș ȟȍȔ Ȕȣ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐșȤ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ — ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȖ-
ȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȖ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȎȐȡȍ ȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȈȧ șȍȕșȈȞȐȧ,
ȒȈȒȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ țȌȖșȚȈȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ
— ǯȈȉȈȊȕȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȍȌȐȕȈȧ ȋȈȏȍȚȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȗȍȟȈ-
ȚȈȍȚ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȧ
ǯȨȑȓȈȕȌ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȒȐȊȕțȓ
— Ǫȣ Ȗ ȟȍȔ"— șȗȘȖșȐȓ DzȍȓȓȍȘ. — ǭșȓȐ ȊȈȠȐ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȐȍ
ȋȈȏȍȚȣ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȍ ȕȍ ȎȌȐȚȍ
ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȅȝ ȇ-ȚȖ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȋȣ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ.
— ȇ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȦ ǵȍ
ȉțȌȤȚȍ ȖșȓȖȔ DzȍȓȓȍȘ Ǵȣ șȚȈȘȠȍ ȊȈș ȕȈ șȍȔȤșȖȚ ȓȍȚ ǷȧȚȤ-
șȖȚ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȔȖȐ ȗȘȍȌȒȐ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠȐ ȊȕțȒȐ ȍș-
ȓȐ ȐȔ ȗȖȊȍȏȍȚ țȏȕȈȦȚ ȓȍȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȧȚȤșȖȚ.. ǻ ȊȈș ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȊȣȑȌȍȚ.
ǸȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ ȔȐȓȧȝ Ȋ șȚȈ ȖȚ
ǹȈțȚȋȍȔȗȚȖȕȈ Ȑ DzȍȓȓȍȘț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț Ȋșȍ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț ǵȈ
ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ Ȕȣ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȐ ǵȐȌȓșșȒȐȑ ȔȈȧȒ Ȑ șȊȍȚ Ȍȕȧ ȖȏȈȘȐȓ
ȉȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȒȖȚȚȍȌȎȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȓțȋȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈȊȖȌȧȡțȦ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȋȖȊȍȑȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ țȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ — ȓȐȕȐȧ Ȓ ȓȐȕȐȐ
șȚȍȕȈ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ ȔȖȡȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȖȒȐ Ȑ ȔȖȕȖȓȐȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȟȈȓ ǵȈ ȚȈȔȖȎȕȍ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȈșȈ — ȌȖșȚȈ-
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȖȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȊȖȏȣȔȍȓȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ


97
— ǬȍȘȏȈȑȚȍ DzȍȓȓȍȘ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȖȚȗȓȣȊȈȍȚ ©ǽȍȑȊȍȓª ǴȖ-
ȎȍȚȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȊȈȠț șȚȈȚȤȦ Ȑ ȧ ȖȚȊȍȌț ȊȈș ȕȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ
DzȍȓȓȍȘ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ Ƕȕ ȖȘȖȉȍȓ — ȚȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȘȖȉȍȦȚ Ȋ ǵȤȦ-
ȔȈȘȒȍȚ-ǽȐȚ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȠȐȍ Ȓ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ
ȐȗȗȖȌȘȖȔȈȔ.
— ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȈȎț ǷȖȌȖȎ-
ȌȍȔ ȌȖ dzȖȕȌȖȕȈ" — ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ Ȗȕ
ǯȨȑȓȈȕȌ ȒșȚȈȚȐ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓ Ȑ Ȋȣ-
ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ șȊȖȦ șȚȈȚȤȦ ǭȋȖ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ șȖȊȗȈȌȈȓȐ ș
ȔȖȐȔȐ
Ǫ ȗȖȍȏȌȍ DzȍȓȓȍȘ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ — Ȑ ȊșȧȒȐȑ
ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȣȍ ȊȖȏȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖ-
ȓȧ ȒȖȚȚȍȌȎȐ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȍȗȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȣȠȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘȖȊȕȣȍ
ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȒȈȕȈȓȖȊ șȐȕȐȑ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠ ȉȍȏȎȈȓȖșȚȕȖ ȊȗȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȓȐș-
Țȣ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȓȈȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȓȖȊȈȘȍ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȔ Ȑ ȚȘȍȏȊȣȔ ȐȋȘȖȒȖȔ, Ȑ
ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȍȋȖ ȝȖȌ ȉȐȓ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȌȈȌȐȚȍ ȏȔȍȦ ȕȐ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȕșȈ" — ș șȖȟțȊșȚȊȐȍȔ
șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ — ǷȖȔȕȐȚȍ Ȋ ȀȚȈȚȈȝ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȘȧȚ Ȋșȍ ȖȚ ȉȘȦȟȕȖȑ
ȗțȋȖȊȐȞȣ ȌȖ ȌȊȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȖȘȓȈ
— Ǫ ȚȖȔ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȉȍȌȈ — ȗȘȖȉțȘȟȈȓ DzȍȓȓȍȘ — Ǵȣ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȖ ȕȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐ ȊșȍȔ ȕȖș ȟȚȖ ȟȐșȚȍȑȠțȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ
șȗȍȘȊȈ ȐșȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȓȖȕȌȖȕșȒȐȝ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ǵȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȣșȚ-
Șȍȓ ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
— Ǵȕȍ Ȗȕ ȕȐ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ǬȈȎȍ ȕȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ
ȕȈȠȐ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ǩțȌț șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș ǬȖȔȖȑ-ȚȖ
Ȋȣ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȣ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ"
— ǵȍȚ ȍșȓȐ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȚȤ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȈȎ ȏȌȍșȤ ǺȖ-ȚȖ
țȌȐȊȧȚșȧ ȊȈȠȐ ȉȘȐȚȈȕȞȣ
— DzȘȐȒȓȐȊȣȑ ȏȈȋȖȓȖȊȖȒ ȠȐȘȐȕȖȑ Ȋ ȚȘȐ șȚȖȓȉȞȈ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ
ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ țȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ-ȚȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȤ
— ȇ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȚȤ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȑ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȋȓȧȌȧ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ
— ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȥȚȖȔț ȜȍȘȔȍȘșȒȖȔț ȌȖȔț"
— Ƕȕ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȖȊȣȑ dzȍȚ ȌȊȍșȚȐ șȈȔȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ
— ǽȔ ǰ ȗȖȓȧȔ ȚȖȎȍ?
— ǪȖȕ Țț ȎȐȊțȦ ȐȏȋȖȘȖȌȤ ȗȖȌșȚȘȐȋȈȓȐ ȓȍȚ ȊȖșȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ
— ǬȍȠȍȊȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȟȈȧ șȐȓȈ Ȉ"


98
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ-ȚȈȒȐ ǬțȔȈȦ Ȋȣ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȚȍ
șȚȈȚȤȦ Ȋ ©ǺȈȑȔșª"
— ǵȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ DzȍȓȓȍȘ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ǪȐȕȟȍșȚȍȘșȒȐȑ șȖȉȖȘ
— ȅȚȖ — ȒȈȒ ȗȣȚȈȚȤșȧ ȘȈșȠȍȊȍȓȐȚȤ șȚȖȋ șȍȕȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ-
ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ «ǻȖȘȓȌ» Ȋȏȧȓ ȉȣ ȚȘȐ șȚȖȓȉȞȈ ș ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȧ-
ȔȐ — Ȑ ȏȈȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ ȉȣ ȍȡȍ ǶȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
— ǵȖ ©ǺȈȑȔșª ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȧ
DzȍȓȓȍȘ șȖ ȏȓȖșȚȤȦ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ ȋȈȏȍȚț Ȋ țȋȖȓ Ȓțȗȍ ǶȕȈ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȈșȒȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȐ șȊȖȐȝ șȚȖȓȉȞȖȊ Ȑ
ȠȘȐȜȚȈ — ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ș ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚ ȥȕȞȐȒȓȖȗȍ-
ȌȐȐ
— ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǷȘȖȡȍ ȗȘȖȉȐȚȤ ȉȘȖȕȦ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȈ ǷȖșȔȖȚ-
ȘȐȚȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȗȖȓȖșț
— ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȍșȒțȘȈȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǵȖ Ȋȣ
ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȉțȓȤ-
ȊȈȘȕȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ
— ǰ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ ȐȔ ȔȖȦ ȕȈȠț șȍȕșȈȞȐȦ" ǬȈ ȥȚȖ șȊȧȡȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ
ȇ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ DzȍȓȓȍȘț ȋȈȏȍȚț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȔț ȗȖ-
ȕȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ — ȖȉȘȈȏȞȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȓȐ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ
ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ
— ǴȐȓȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȕȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ Ǵȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖ ȌțȠȍ
ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕȣȍ șȚȖȓȉȞȣ ©ǺȈȑȔșª ǽȖȚȧ ȏȈ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ-
șȒȐȔ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ șȐȌȐȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȍȗȐșȒȖȗ
ǭȌȊȈ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕ ȒȈȒ DzȍȓȓȍȘ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȋ ȕȈȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȐ ǹȚȘȥȕȌȈ ǵȍ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȐ ȚȈȔ ȏȈ-
ȕȐȔȈȓșȧ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ ȊȚȖȘȋșȧ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȦ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ ȋȈ-
ȏȍȚȣ ȉȍȏ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ Ȍȕȧ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ț ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȐȝ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȔȈȓȖ
Ȑ țȗȖȔȧȕțȓ ȔȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȒȈȒ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȧ
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȓȐ — ȒȐȗȧȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȏȈ ȓȈȕȟȍȔ
— ǹȚȖȐȓȖ șȖșȓȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȊȈș ȒȈȒ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȊȈȔ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠȐ ȘȖȏȣȋȘȣȠȐ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȒțȌȈ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ șȒȖȘȍȍ țȊȐȌȧȚ ȊȈș ȕȈ ȊȐșȍȓȐȞȍ ȗȘȍȎ-
Ȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȊȣȌȈȌțȚ ȈȊȈȕș ȏȈ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕț ȊȈȠț ȟȍȘȚȖȊț ȉȈȑȒț ǷȘȈȊ-
ȌȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ


99
— ǯȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȅȚȖȋȖ Ȑ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ DzȍȓȓȍȘ Ǫȣ
ȕȈȚȒȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȚȍȕț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȖ ǷȖȟȍȔț ȉȣ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȚȤ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ" ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐȘțȑȚȍ Ȋ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒ
ǺȈȔ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ
— ǵȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȚȤ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ
ȏȌȍșȤ DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ"
— ȇ ȌȈȊȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ǺȈȒ Ȋȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚȍșȤ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ Țȍ-
ȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț"
— ǬȈ șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ — ȖȚȘȍȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȟȍȘȍșȟțȘ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȤșȧ
ǷȖșȓȍ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȋțȓȧȓȐ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȖȌț — ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȓȍ-
ȎȈȚ ȔȍȎ ȔȖșȚȖȊȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȕȈȓȣ ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȍȑ șȗȈȧȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȍ-
ȌȐȕȖ ȓȈȊȣ ȗȖ ȔȖșȚȈȔ ȊȣșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑȏ ȕȍșȖȒȘțȠȐȔȖȋȖ ȒȈȔ-
ȕȧ ȗȖ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȈȔ ș ȉȍȚȖȕȕȣȔȐ ȜțȕȌȈȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ Ȑ
șȚȍȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ȧȘȌ ȚȖȓȡȐȕȖȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖȧȓȐ ȊȍȒȈ
Ȑ șȉȍȋȈȦȡȐȝ Ȓ ȘȍȒȍ șȚțȗȍȕȍȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋȣșȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑȏ ȞȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ șȒȈȓȣ ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȚțȔȈȕ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈș țȒȘȣȚȤșȧ Ȋ ǪȍșȚȔȐȕ-
șȚȍȘșȒȖȔ ȈȉȉȈȚșȚȊȍ Ȑ șȚȖȧ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȠȖȘȖȝ
ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ țȔȍȘȠȐȝ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȑ ȒȘțȎȈȡȐȝșȧ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ dzȐȟ-
ȜȐȓȌȈ ȅ DzȍȓȓȍȘȈ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȈ Ȑȏ ǬȍȑȚȖȕȈ ǶȋȈȑȖ ǹȀǨ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȌȐȊȐȚȤ ȉȘȐȚȈȕȞȍȊ
Ƕȕ șȗȖȚȒȕțȓșȧ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȋțșȚțȦ ȚȍȔȕȖȚț Ȑ ȠțȔ
ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȓțȝȈ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ ȕȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ șȓȣ-
ȠȐȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȕȤȦ-ȑȖȘȒșȒȐȑ ©ǻȖȘȓȌª ȒȈȒ ȎȈȎ-
ȌȍȚ ȏȈȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȈȎ Ȗ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ șȓȍȗȖȔ
ȉȍȓȖȔ ȗȈȝȕțȡȍȔ ȔțșȒțșȖȔ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȕȍȕȖȔ ȗȘȐ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍȘȎȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊțȓȒȈȕȈ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȓȦȉȧȡȈȧ ȗȖ-
ȌȘțȋȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȗțȚȤ șȘȍȌȤ ȊȖȓȕ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ
șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ ȟȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕ ǹȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȀȚȈȚȖȊ ǨȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȐ ȕȍțșȚȘȈȠȐȔȣȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȟȐȊȣȑ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘ
Ȑȏ ǬȍȑȚȖȕȈ ȠȚȈȚ ǶȋȈȑȖ" ǺȘȐȎȌȣ țȘȈ ȠȚȈȚț ȒȈȠȚȈȕȖȊ Ǫȍșȍ-
ȓȍȑ ǶȚȒȘȣȊȈȑ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ǮȎ-Ȏ ǩțȔ ǺȘȈȝ
DzȍȓȓȍȘ ȉȣȓ ȊȣȗțșȒȕȐȒȖȔ ǷȘȐȕșȚȖȕȈ Ȑ ȕțȎȌȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȖȡ-
ȘȍȕȐȐ
— Ǫȣ ȊȣȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȖȓȍ — ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȌȖșȚȈ-
ȊȈȧ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȐșȗȐșȈȕȕȣȍ ȓȐșȚȣ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȉȓȈȕȒȖȔ Țȍȓȍ-
ȋȘȈȔȔȣ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ țȎȍ țșȗȍȓ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ Ƕȕ șțȕțȓ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȕȕȍ


Ȋ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȕȈȓ
— ȇ șȌȈȦșȤ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ȊȈȠț ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚțȦ
șȚȘȈȕț ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓ Ȋșȍ Ȑȏ ǹȈțȚȋȍȔȗȚȖȕȈ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ
ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȗȈȌȍȚȍșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȍȑ ǨȓȓȍȋȈȕșȒȐȝ ȋȖȘ Ȑ
ȍșȓȐ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ DzȍȓȓȍȘ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȈȠȈ ȊȐȕȈ ǪȐȕȖȊȈ-
ȚȈ ȊȈȠȈ șȚȘȈȕȈ ǩțȌȤ Ȋȣ ȓȍȚ ȕȈ șȍȔȤșȖȚ șȚȈȘȠȍ Ȋȣ ȗȖșȚțȗȐ-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȒȈȒ ȧ
— ǰ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȣ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ"
— ǵȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ǵȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȔȣșȍȓ.
— ǸȈșșȒȈȏ"
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȒȈȏȈȕȖ ș ȗȖȓȕȖȊȍșȕȣȔ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȎțȘȕȈ-
ȓȐșȚȈ Ȓ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȓȖȊȍșȕȖșȚȐ — ȕȍȏȈȒȖȕȕȖȔț ȖȚȊȍȚ-
ȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȐ
— ǵȈȏȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȇ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦ ȥȚȖ ȓȖȎȤȦ
ǰ ȥȚȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȓȖȎȤȦ ǰȉȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ — ȌȈȔȈ ȕȈȋȈȧ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȈ
șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȊȣȕȣȘȐȊȈȍȚ șȖ ȌȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȔț ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤ-
Ȕȍȕț ȗȖȌȖȉȈȍȚ ȖȉȓȍȟȤ ȍȍ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚȐșȚțȦ ȦȉȖȟȒț șȚȘȖȒ ȐȓȐ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ


ȁȖșȪȭȚ ǰ DzȔȓȗȘȜȏȟ
ǿǼǽdzǾǻǶǸǶ ǽǼ ǸǾǮǿǼȀdz
(1895)


102
— ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȐȓȐ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ
ȔȖȘȧȒ — ȧ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȈȔ ǵȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ șȈȔȐ
ȏȈȌȈȓȐ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȚȖ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ǫȣ — ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ țșȓȣȠȐȚ ȥȚȖ ȖȚ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȈ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȗȖȒ-
ȓȧȓȈșȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȧȏȣȒ ȏȈ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȖȉȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ
ȉȖȧșȤ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȍȒ
ȅȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȓȍȚ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ
©ǫȍȖȘȋ ǪȈȠȐȕȋȚȖȕª ȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ Ȑȏ dzȐȊȍȘȗțȓȧ Ȋ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒ ǷȍȘ-
Ȋȣȍ ȊȖșȍȔȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȘȍȑșȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ șȈȔȣȔ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȔ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȖșȖȉȣȝ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȑ ȕȖ ȕȈ ȌȍȊȧȚȣȑ Ȋșȍ
ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ
ȇ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔȍ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȖȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȊȖ-
ȏȧșȤ ȕȈȌ ȓȈȋȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȕȣ țșȓȣȝȈȓȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȊȖȑ ș ȔȖș-
ȚȐȒȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȒțȉȈȘȍȔ șȓȍȚȍȓ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȈȘ-
ȕȍȑ ȕȖșȐȊȠȐȑ ț ȕȈș ȒȓȐȟȒț DzȖșȕȖȧȏȣȟȕȣȑ ǹȥȔ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌ-
șȒȖȟȐȓ Ȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒț ȒȈȒ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȐȑ ș ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ
ȊȣȓȍȏȠȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȓȖȉ
— ǯ-ȏ-ȏ-ȏ-ȏ-ȏ-ȏ-ȏȈ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș Ȗȕ ȍȓȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȧ Ȍțȝ
— ǿȚȖ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ
— ǯ-ȏ-ȏ-ȏ-ȏ-Ȕȍȧ
— dzȍȋȟȍ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȗȈȘȍȕȍȒ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȧ
Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȕȖșȖȊȖȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ Ȑ ȖȉȚȐȘȈȧ ȓȐȞȖ — ȖȚȊȍȘȕȐȚȍ-ȒȈ
Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț șȊȖȦ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȦ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȚȍ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ Ǩ ȚȖ
șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȊȈș — Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȉțȚȣȓȒț ș șȖȌȖȊȖȑ
ȊȖȌȖȑ ǵț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ"


103
— Ǵ-Ȕ-Ȕ-ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ ȏ-ȏ-ȏ-Ȕȍȧ — ȊȣȗȈȓȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȍȋȖ
ȊȏȖȘȊȈȓȖ ǹȥȔ
— ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ șțȌȧ ȗȖ ȚȖȔț ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȍȍ
ȚȧȕȍȚȍ — ș țșȔȍȠȒȖȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȈȦȚȣ
— ȅȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȏȔȍȦ șȥȘ ȊȖȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ —
ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ
— Ǭ-Ȍ-Ȍ-Ȉ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǹȥȔ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȊșȝȓȐȗȕțȊ
— dzȈȌȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȒ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ș ȥȚȐȔ țȎȍ ȕȍ
șȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — Ǫȏȧȓ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȓțȟȠȍ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ
ȝȓȍȉȈ ȌȈ ȗȖȒȖȘȔȐȓ ȍȍ
ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖ țȓȣȉȒȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ șȊȖȍȑ ȠțȚȒȖȑ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȖȚ ȌțȠȐ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ș
ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȌȐȒȐȑ ȊȖȗȓȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ
ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ Șțȓȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȠȚțȘȊȈȓ șȖșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ
ȗȈȓțȉț Ȑ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȊȕȐȏ Ȋ ȒțȉȘȐȒ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ șȖȠȍȓ
ș țȔȈ Ǫ Țț Ȏȍ șȍȒțȕȌț ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȘțȓȍȊȖȑ
ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ȕȈ ȊȈȝȚȍ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓ
ȠȚțȘȊȈȓ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȘȈ-
ȏȖȉȘȈȚȤ
— ǿȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȏȈ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤȡȐȕȈ ȟȍȘȚ ȊȈș Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖȉȍȘȐ" — ȊȏȊȣȓ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȋȕȍ șȍȉȧ
ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ȓ ȗȘȈȊȖȔț ȉȖȘȚț ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ț ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ ȚȖ ȕȈ
ȌȕȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ǬȈȎȍ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȔȐȓȧȝ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ ȖȚ ȕȈș
ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȍȑ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȉȈ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȣȘȕțȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖȗȓȣȓȖ
ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȕȈȠ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ
ǹȥȔ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ șȔȖȋ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȑ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȧ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȈ
ȏȈȐȒȈȕȤȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȖȑȌȍȚ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖȐșȒȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ Ȓț-
șȖȟȍȒ ȝȓȍȉȈ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȍȔț ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȑ șȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȗȈȓțȉț
ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ țșȗȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ


104
ǴȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȔȐȕțȚȣ, ȕȈ ȊșȍȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ ȖșȚȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ — ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȈ ȗȖ-
ȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȧ
ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȠȚțȘȊȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȗȖ-
ȘțȟȕȐ ȉȖȘȚȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȉȖȧșȤ țȗȈșȚȤ Ȉ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ
ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȓȐȕȤ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ țȔȖȗȖȔȘȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȖȊ
ȒȈȒȐȍ ȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
— ǵȍ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȚȤ ȓȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ Ȑȏ ȗțȠȒȐ" — ȗȘȖ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȧ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ șȐȋȕȈȓȤȕțȦ ȗțȠȒț șȚȖȧȊȠțȦ ț ȕȈș ȕȈ ȉȈȒȍ
— dzțȟȠȍ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȈș — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖȔȖȡ-
ȕȐȒ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǰȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȗȖȎȐȘȈȍȚ ȓȐ ȖȕȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ" — ȗȘȖȐȏ-
ȕȍș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȖȕȖ Ȑ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȏȈ ȒȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
Ȑȏ ȕȈș"
— ǵȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȣȉȖȘ
— ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȍȔț ș ȔȕȖȋȖȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ
— ȅȚȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȇ șȖȑȌț
ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȦ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ǴȖȑ ȌȖȓȋ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȗȖȒȐ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȍșȓȐ ȍșȚȤ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȔȈȓȍȑȠȈȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȤ
DzȈȒ Ȗȕ șȔȖȋ ȊȣșȓȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȍȓȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȖȑ ȕȖ Ȗȕ Ȑȝ ȊȣșȓȈȓ Ƕȕ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȒȘțȚȖ
ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ș ȓȦȌȤȔȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȉ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ
ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖ ȕȈȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ǰ ȖȕȐ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Șȍ-
ȠȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ ȏȔȍȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȝțȎȍ ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓț-
ȟȈȍ Ȋșȧ ȗȈȓțȉȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ Ȑ Ȕȣ șȉȐȊȠȐșȤ
Ȋ Ȓțȟț șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȏȔȍȧ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȉȓȐȎȍ
ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ șȚȈ ȧȘȌȈȝ ȖȚ
ȕȈș ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȑ șȈȔȖȍ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȖȍ ȕȈ ȊȐȌ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ
ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ Ȑ șȔȍȠȈȑȚȍ Ȋșȍ șȈȔȣȍ țȘȖȌȓȐȊȣȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ
șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ — ȋȖȘȐȓȓ Ȑ ȚȖȔț ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ
ȗȖȓțȟȐȚșȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ Ȉȕȋȍȓ ȗȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȦ ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȐ ǶȕȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȏȈ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚȈȊȈȧ ȖȚ
ȕȈș Ȑ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ șȊȖȦ ȗȈșȚȤ ȚȈȒ
ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȖȚȒț ȧȘȌȈ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕț


105
— ǶȕȈ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȔȐȘȕȖ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗ-
ȚȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ —
dzțȟȠȍ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȍȑ ȗȘȖȋȖȓȖȌȈȚȤșȧ ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȍȔ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȍȑ
ȝȓȍȉȈ
DzȖȒ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȖȚȚțȌȈ ș ȗȖȓȌȦȎȐȕȣ ȝȓȍ-
ȉȖȊ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȗȈȘȕȍȑ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ ș ȌțȝȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȖ-
șȐȓ Ȑȝ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ Ȑ, ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ țșȗȍȓȐ ȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ «ȘȈȏ-ȌȊȈ-
ȚȘȐ», ȏȔȍȧ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȈș ȚȈȒ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȍȡȍ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȓȈ
Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȉȖȘȚț șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ
ȓȍȉȍȌȐ Ȋ ȗȘțȌț ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ Ȑȝ ȒȖȘȔȐȚȍ ǰ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȥȚț
ȐȋȘț ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ șȓȖȗȈȓȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȝȓȍȉȖȊ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ
ȒțșȖȒ șȊȐȕȐȕȣ
— ǩȖȦșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȍȍ ȗȖȖȡȘȧȍȔ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȋȓȧ-
Ȍȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȗȓȣȊȍȚ ț ȉȖȘȚȈ ș țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈ ȕȈș ȋȓȈȏȖȔ
ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ ș ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ ȚȈȘȍȓȒț
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȕȈ șȒȖȘȖ țȑȌȍȚ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȡȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ — ǬȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȉț-
ȌȍȔ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȊȐȌ ȉțȌȚȖ ȍȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍȚ
dzȈȌȕȖ Ǵȣ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊȐȌ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȕȈș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȋȓȐ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȚȖȓȗȐȓȐșȤ ș ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕȣ ț ȓȍȊȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȕȣȘȕțȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȗȈȓț-
ȉț Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓȖ șȊȖȦ
ȠȍȦ ȕȈȌ ȉȖȘȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȣȐșȒȐȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȕȣ ȌȈȓȐ
ȍȔț ȍȡȍ ȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȐ Ǵȣ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȌȈȌȐȔ ȚȖ ȖȕȖ
ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ șȈȔȖ Ȑ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍ ș ȚȖȑ ȗȖȓȒȐ ǵȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ
șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȥȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȖȡȘȧȓȖ ȏȔȍȦ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȡȍ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ șȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȜȣȘ-
ȒȈȍȚ Ȑ ȗȓȍȡȍȚșȧ ț ȕȈș ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ
ȅȚȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȐ ȕȍȘȊȣ
ȟȚȖ ȊȈȝȚȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈș ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȚȤ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ
— ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȐȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȘȍȌ —
ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȊȣȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧșȤ
ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȏȕȈȓ Șȍ-
ȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȧȝ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȈȝ


107
— Ǩ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȍȘȍȏ ȉȖȘȚ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȒȖ-
ȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȓȦȌȍȑ" — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ
— ǺȖȋȌȈ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȌȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ — ȚȊȍȘȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈ-
ȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȕȈș ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ
ǹȓȖȊȖȔ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȈȌșȒȐ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓȖ ȊȖșȍȔȤ
șȒȓȧȕȖȒ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȔȍȕȐȚȤșȧ ș ȊȈȝȚȣ Ȑ șȖȑȚȐ ȊȕȐȏ
ǰ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȒȈȒ
ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȚȊȈȘȤ ȐșȟȍȏȕȍȚ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȐȌȚȐ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ǵȖ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ
ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐșȤ țȚȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȊȈȝȚț ȧ șȕȖȊȈ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ Șȧ-
ȌȖȔ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȐȋȘȈȦȡȍȑ ȕȈȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ȒȖȚȍȕȒȈ, Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȘȖ-
șȖȊ Ȕȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȍȍ ȒȖȘȔȐȓ
— ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȗ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȍ — Ǫșȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȌȖ șȐȝ
ȗȖȘ ȐȌțȚ șȗȖȘȣ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ǰ ȝȖȚȧ
Ȋȣ Ȋșȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȕȍ șȔȍȑȚȍ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț
— Ǩ ȗȖȟȍȔț șȥȘ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ
— ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚ — ȚȊȍȘȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ǴȖȎȍȚȍ ȒȓȧșȚȤșȧ ȟȍȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȗȘȐ-
șȧȋț Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȧȚ Ǫ țȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȋȈȏȍȚȒȈȝ ȕȈș
ȊȣșȔȍȦȚ Ȉ Ȋ șȖȓȐȌȕȣȝ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈȝ șȒȈȎțȚ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȔȖȘ-
șȒțȦ ȚȘȈȊț ȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ
— Ǩ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȉȣ ȕȈȔ ȕȍ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȍȍ ș șȖȉȖȑ Ȋ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒ" —
ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ
— ǿȚȖ" — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— ǩțȌȍȔ ȒȖȘȔȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȗȖȔȖȡ-
ȕȐȒ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ — Ȉ ȚȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȏȈȋȖȚȖȊȐȔ
ȗȈȘț ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȒȘȦȒȖȊ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȓȖȊȧȚ ȈȒțȓ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȔ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ
Ȑȝ ȕȈȋȖȚȖȊȍ ș ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȕȈȚȈȔȐ ǴȖȎȍȔ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȍȍ
ȎȐȊȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȉȍȘȧ ȗȖ șȖȊȍȘȍȕț ȏȈ ȊȝȖȌ ǪȖ
ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȍșȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȊȏȧȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȌȍȓȖ ȚȖ
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȚȐ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȝȖȚȤ ȖșȚȖȊ ȍȍ
— ǿȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ —
ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȘȐȌȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ
— ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ? — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ — ǬȈ
ȊȍȌȤ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȍȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȏȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ Ǩ


108
ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȘȊȍȚ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȘȈȏȕȍșȚȐ ȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑȏ
ȗțȠȒȐ
ǴȣșȓȤ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȕȈȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȌȐȒȖȑ Ȑ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȈ — ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔ
Ȑ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȕȖ ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȔȐȘȕȖȍ Ȑ ȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȐȌȍȧ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ
șȔȍȠȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ țȎȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈș ȕȐ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȥȚȖȑ
ȚȊȈȘȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȗțȋȓȐȊȖȑ Ȍȓȧ
șȊȖȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȘțșȓȐȊȍȍ ȔȣȠȖȕȒȈ ǰ ȖȌȕȈȎ-
Ȍȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȏȈȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ
ȠȕțȘȖȒ șȐȋȕȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȋȖ șȊȐșȚȒȈ Ȑ ȓȍȋȖȕȤȒȖ ȌȍȘȕțȓ
ȍȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ș ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ȖȚșȚȈȊ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȕȣȘȕțȊ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕț
ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȖȑȌȍȚ ș țȔȈ ȖȚ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ Ƕȕ șȈȔ
ȕȈȟȈȓ ȠȊȣȘȧȚȤ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ Ȋ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ ȝȓȍȉ Ȓțș-
ȒȐ ȔȧșȈ șȊȐȕȐȕȣ Ȑ șțȝȈȘȐ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȈ ȚȊȈȘȤ șȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ ș ȌțȝȖȔ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȣȗȓȣȓȈ ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȧȔȖ șȐȧȓ ȖȚ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȖȚȌȈȓ șȚȘȖȋȖȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȔȍȓ ȗȘȐȒȈșȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ șȐȋȕȈȓȤȕȖȔț șȊȐșȚȒț ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ
ȌȈȎȍ șȋțșȚȐȓșȧ ȚțȔȈȕ ȐȓȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ș
ȌȘțȋȐȔ șțȌȕȖȔ ǰ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȐȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȚȤ șȒȓȧȕȒȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈȏȈȊ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȉȖȞȔȈȕ șȈȔ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȕțȎȕȖȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ Ȋ ȒțȉȘȐȒ Ȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈ ȊȈȝȚț
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖ
ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ ȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȐ țȊȍȘȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ țȌȈșȚșȧ
ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒ Ȑ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ
ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȑ țȎȍ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȘȍȠȍȕ
ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ǬȎȖ DzțȗȍȘ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȤ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔ ȗȈȘȕȍȔ ȥȚȖȚ ǬȎȖ ǵȍ
ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤ ȚȈȒțȦ țȘȖȌȓȐȊțȦ ȖȉȘȈȏȐ-
ȕț ǰ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȍȕ Ȑ ȖȉȐȌ-
ȟȐȊ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ǭșȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȈȘȍ-
ȕȍȒ ȐȌțȡȐȑ ȍȔț ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ȗȘȐȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ Ȑ șȊȐ-
șȚȕȍȚ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȊ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȦ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚ
ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȦ ȚȖ ǬȎȖ DzțȗȍȘț țȎȍ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȕȘȈ-
ȊȐȓȖșȤ. Ƕȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
ȗȖ ȌțȠȈȔ Ȑ ȧ ȍȋȖ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ


109
Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ ș ȕȐȔ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȅȚȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȋ ǷȖȗȓȈȘȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȋțșȚȖȋȖ ȚțȔȈȕȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ
ȚȈȒ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ Ȑ ȖȉȈ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȒȈȕȈȊȍ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ țșȗȍȓ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ, Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ
ǵȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȍ țȚȘȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȘȍȝ Ȍȕȧȝ ȗț-
ȚȐ ȖȚ ǹȈȕȌȐ-ǽțȒȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȕȍ Ȋ Ȍțȝȍ Ȑ ȊȣȑȌȧ ȕȈ
ȗȈȓțȉț ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȌȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȒȖȔț țȋȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ țȋȖȌ-
ȕȖ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȚȒȕțȓșȧ ȉȣȓ ǬȎȖ,
șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ț ȉȖȘȚȈ ȊȣșțȕțȊ șȊȖȦ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȦ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ
ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȏȔȍȦ
— Ǫȣ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȚ ȊȈș ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȌȍȓȈȍȚȍ" — ȏȈȘȍȊȍȓ ȌȐȒȐȔ
ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ țȊȐȌȍȊ ǬȎȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ — ǿȍȋȖ Ȋȣ
ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȥȚȐȔ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ"
— ǿȍȔ șȥȘ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǬȎȖ
— ǺȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȍȚȍ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ șȊȖȦ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏ-
ȕțȦ ȘȖȎț Ȑ ȗțȋȈȍȚȍ ȍȦ ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȏȔȍȦ — ȏȈȖȘȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ —
Ǫȣ Ȏȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȖȕȈ ȕȍȘȊȕȈȧ ȥȚȈ ȚȊȈȘȤ ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȉȍȏ-
ȌȍȓȤȕȐȒ
— ǷțȋȈȦ ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȏȔȍȦ"! — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȟȍȘȍȏ șȐȓț ǬȎȖ
ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȊ Ȑ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȊ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȖ
— ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ țȊȐȎț ȊȈȠț ȗȖȋȈȕțȦ ȝȈȘȦ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚȖȔ —
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȖ ȖȘȈȚȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȚȈȒ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȘȈșȒȖȓȖȟț
ȍȍ ȊȌȘȍȉȍȏȋȐ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ" Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȉȐȘȈȑȚȍșȤ ȊȖȕ
ǬȎȖ țȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȉ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȖȘȊȈȊ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ șȊȖȦ ȏȓȖșȚȤ ȗȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ȕȈ ȦȚ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ țȎȍ șȖȊșȍȔ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȉȖȓȚȈȚȤ ș ȗȖȔȖȡ-
ȕȐȒȖȔ
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȕȐȏț Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȖȉȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȖȚ
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȒȖȟȍȋȈȘȖȊ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ș ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȐ-
ȌȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǩȐȓȓ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ǬȎȖ ǹȖȑȌȐȚȍ Ȓ
ȕȈȔ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ — ȕȍ șȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȓȐ ș ȕȐȔ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
șȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ǵȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȥȚȐȔ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȧ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ șȓȍ-
ȌȖȔ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȔȈȠȐȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȔ ȕȍȗȖȌ-
ȊȐȎȕȖ șȐȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȖȔ ȊȍȌȘȍ ǬȎȖ ǫȓȈȏȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȉȣȓȐ ȌȐȒȖ Ȋȣȗțȟȍȕȣ Ȑ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȣ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȋ ȖȌȕț
ȚȖȟȒț ǬȊȈ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȒȖȟȍȋȈȘȈ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ Ȑ șȔȖȚ-


110
ȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȕȈȉȖȒ
— Ƕȕ țȎȍ ȚȘȐ ȟȈșȈ șȐȌȐȚ ȚȈȒ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȔȓȈȌ-
ȠȐȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȐșȚ — ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȔȖȓȕȐȍȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǬȎȖ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ
— ǰșȗțȋȈȚȤ ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȏȔȍȦ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș Ȗȕ — Ƕ ȧ ȕȍșȟȈ-
șȚȕȣȑ
— ȅȚȖ șȊȐȝȕțȓȖ ȍȔț ȔȖȏȋȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȖȟȍȋȈȘȖȊ
— Ƕȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
— ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȏȈȘȣȌȈȚȤ
— șȒȈȏȈȓ ȔȈȠȐȕȐșȚ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚ ȉȣȓ ȜȍȓȤȌȠȍȘ
 — ȚȖ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ șȗȈșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșțȌȖȒ ǵȖ ȊȍșȤ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ
ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ"
— ǵȈȌȖ ș ȕȐȔ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ — șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȖȟȍȋȈȘ — ȇ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȦ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ
Ƕȕ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ ȒȘȧȒȕțȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȟȐșȚȐȚȤ ȋȖȘ-
ȓȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǬȎȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȘțȒț ȍȔț ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ Ȑ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȎȕȣȔ Ȑ ȎȈȓȖșȚȓȐȊȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǵȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȑȚȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȓ șȍȘȌȞț ǬȎȖ ǶȟȍȕȤ
ȟȈșȚȖ Ȑ ȏȈ șȈȔȣȔ șȒȊȍȘȕȣȔ ȘȣȓȖȔ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖȉȘȖȍ șȍȘȌ-
Ȟȍ ǭȌȊȈ Ȗȕ țșȗȍȓ ȥȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ǬȎȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ șȎȈȊ ȒțȓȈ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȚțȔȈȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ șȓȖȔȈȓ ȘȍȉȘȖ ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȗȈȓ Ȋ Ȋ ȗȘȍȎ-
ȕȍȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȐ
— ǬȎȖ — ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ȧ ȓȍȋȖȕȤȒȖ ȊșȚȘȧȝȐȊȈȧ ȍȋȖ — ǬȎȖ
— ǰșȗțȋȈȚȤ ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȏȔȍȦ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ǬȎȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȋȣ-
ȗțȟȐȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ țșȚȈȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȐȔȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȚȖȟȒț
— ǬȎȖ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȧ — ǬȎȖ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȍȚȍ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ" ȇ ȊȈȠ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǩȐȓȓ
— ǬȈ ȌȈ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǬȎȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧ Ȋ
șȍȉȧ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔ ȖȚșȦȌȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȗȖȑȌȍȔ ȖȚșȦȌȈ Ȋ Ȓțȉ-
ȘȐȒ Ǫȣ ȓȧȎȍȚȍ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȑȒț ȅȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȓțȟȠȍȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȍȓȧ
ȊȈș șȍȑȟȈș
ȇ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒȈȊ Ȗȕ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȖ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ȇ șȘȈȏț țȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȋȖ
ȕȈ ȒȖȑȒț Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȎȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ


111
șȗȈȓ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȝțȌȠȍȍ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȖ ȕȖ ȧ ȖȠȐȉșȧ
Ƕȕ ȊșȚȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ ȟȈșȈ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȍșȤ ȉȣȓ
ȏȈȕȧȚ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȔȣșȓȤȦ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȍȍ ȖȉȌțȔȣ-
ȊȈȓ ǰ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ țșȗȍȓ ȊȣȗȣȚȈȚȤ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȉȣȓ Ȋ
ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȍ
ǷȘȐȗȈȌȖȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓșȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ Ȗȟ-
ȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȗȕ ȊȗȈȓ Ȋ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȖȒ Ǫ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȍ-
ȚȣȘȍȝ ȟȈșȖȊ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȠȍșȚȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȖȊ Ȑ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȇ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȗȈȌȈȓ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ șȚțȒȈȧșȤ Ȗȉ ȗȈȓțȉț ȝȊȈȚȈȧșȤ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖȗȈȓȖ Ȑ ȒȖȓȖȚȧ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȗȈȓȖ Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ
ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ș ȊȈȔȐ șȈȔȣȔ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ Ȑ ȔȐȘ-
ȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȉ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ șȍȒțȕȌț ȊȌȘțȋ ȝȊȈȚȈȓșȧ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ Ȑ țȎȍ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ Ȋ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȍ Ǩ ȗȘȐ
ȥȚȖȔ ȌȘȣȋȈȓ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓ ȐȔȐ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȗȣ-
ȚȈȓșȧ ȘȈȏȎȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓ ȏȈȎȈȚȣȑ Ȋ
ȒțȓȈȒȍ ȒțșȖȒ ȟțȎȖȑ ȒțȘȚȒȐ ȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ
ǬȘțȋȐȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȐȌȈ ȕȈȕȍșȍȕȕȈȧ
ȍȔț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ ȚȈȒ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȊȐȝȕțȓ-
șȧ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȗȖȌȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȠȚțȒȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ
ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȌȕȐ Ȋ ȒțȉȘȐȒȍ ȧ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȕȈ-
ȊȍșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ
— ǬȎȖ șȚȈȘȐȕȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — Ȕȣ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȊȍȌȤ șȚȈȘȣȍ
ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ
— ǵț" — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
— ǬȎȖ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ — Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȊȈȠȈ ȐȋȘȈ"
— ǵȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ — ȘȍȏȒȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Ȗȉ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȈȝ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ
ȋȓȧȌȧ ȍȔț Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ǴȖȎȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȣȑ
ȊȐȌ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȎȍȊȈȓȐ ȔȣȓȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȏȖ ȘȚȈ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȗȍȕȈ
— ǴȣȓȖ" — ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǬȎȖ — ǬȈ Ȋȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ
ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȔȣȓȖȔ DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȍȋȖ țȏ-
ȕȈȚȤ"
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȉȤȍȠȤșȧ Ȉ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȕȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȉȓȦ-


112
ȌȈȓ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȖȉȍșȗȖȒȖȍȕ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȗȘȐȗȈȌ-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȈȍȚ ȏȔȍȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȦ
ǬȎȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȓȈșȤ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ ǬȎȖ ȖȚ ȊȈȝȚȣ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȍȚ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ țșȗȍȝȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȐȚȤ șȊȖȐ
ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȐ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȍ ȟȈșȣ ȥȚȖ
ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȘȖȓȐ ȕȍ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ
Ǵȣ ȉȣȓȐ țȎȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȟȈșȈȝ ȖȚ ȗȖȘȚȈ
Ȑ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ Ǫ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȋȍ-
ȟȍȘȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȘȦȒ ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȏȔȍȦ Ȋ ȊȖșȍȔȤ
țȚȘȈ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ǭȓȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈ ȊȈȝ-
Țț ȉȣȓ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȓȐȠȕȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ
ȏȈȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȘȖșȈȚȤ ȏȔȍȍ ȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȦ ȒȈȎȌȣȍ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ Ȋ Țȍ-
ȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȝȖȌȐȓ șȗȈȚȤ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȖȕȈ
ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȈș ȚȈȒ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ ȌȖ
ȕȍȍ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȖȌȚȧȎȒȈȔȐ
Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ țșȗȍȓ ȗȖșȗȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈșȈ
ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ șȈȔȖȋȖ țȎȈșȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȊȈ Ȑ ȠțȔȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ
ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ǷȈȘȖȊȖȑ șȊȐșȚȖȒ
ȘȍȊȍȓ ȉȍȏ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊȈ Ȑ șȊȍȘȝț ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȑ
ȚȖȗȈȕȤȍ ȉȍȋțȡȐȝ ȕȖȋ
ǵȈȔ ȊșȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȒțȉȘȐȒȍ șȘȈȏț ȗȘȐȠȓȖ
Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȔȍȍ ȕȈȌȖȍȓ ȝȓȍȉ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ
ȝȊȈȚȈȚȤ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡțȦ ȗȐȡț Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈ-
ȓȐ Ȓ ȓȦȒț Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȍȕȤȒȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ ȊȣșțȕțȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ
ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ
Ǫșȧ ȥȚȈ ȈȌșȒȈȧ ȒțȚȍȘȤȔȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȔȖș-
ȚȐȒȍ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȚȈȔ ȏȔȍȐ ȚȖ ȕȈȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȔțȎȍ-
șȚȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț
ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ
ǻ ǬȎȖ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȖȒ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ Șțȓȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȘȐ-
ȗȈȌȒȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ Ȗȕ țȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȗȈ-
ȌȈȧ ȏȈ ȠȕțȘ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȋȖ șȊȐșȚȒȈ ȊȐșȍȊȠȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ
ȖȒȖȓȖ ȠȚțȘȊȈȓȈ Ƕȕ ȊȞȍȗȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȠȕțȘ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȝȊȈȚȒȖȑ,
ȏȈȎȈȊ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȣȔȐ ȡȐȗȞȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȌȘȣȋȈȧ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȕȐȎȕȍȔ


ȉȍȓȤȍ ȗȘȣȋȈȓ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȐșșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ
ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȔ ȟȍȔ șȈȔ ǬȎȖ
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȚțȌȈ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ǬȎȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ Ȑ, ȊȣȗțșȚȐȊ Ȑȏ ȘțȒȐ ȠȕțȘ șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȓȈȉȣȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȖȔ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȉȣȓ ȗțȡȍȕ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȑ șȊȐșȚȖȒ
ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȍȋȖ țȉȤȍȚ
ǵȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ țșȗȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȚȈȡȐȚȤ Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȓ ȉȖȘȚț ȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ
ȟȚȖ ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ ȏȔȍȧ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ
Ǵȣ ȏȈșȚȖȗȖȘȐȓȐ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȗȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ȑ șȚȖȧȓȐ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȠȓȖ DzȖȋȌȈ ȘȈșșȊȍ-
ȓȖ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ șȓȍȌȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȐ Ȑ ȧ
ȌțȔȈȦ ȕȈȔ ȊșȍȔ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȈȓȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȍȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ
ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț
ǪșȍȔ ȒȘȖȔȍ ǬȎȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ǻȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȉȣ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȧȝ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȉȘȈ-
ȚȤȧȝ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȍ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȓ ȚȈȒ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǬȎȖ
DzțȗȍȘȈ


ɏ Ʉɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɟɧ Ⱥɧɞɪɨɦɟɞɚ ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ
ɡɦɟɣ Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɨɠɤɢ ɠɭɪɧ
©Jugend» (1897)


ǯȞȓȗȟȏȞȖȒȔ ȃȓȚȖțȑ
Ƕȕ ȝȜȐȓȟȠȖ
©ǺǼǹǼDzǼǷ DzǴdzǸ DZǮǾǸǮǰdzǷ
ǰ ǯǼǾȊǯdz ǿ ǽǶǾǮȀǮǺǶ ǸǾǮǿǻǼDZǼ ǺǼǾȍª
(1897)


117
— ȅȑ — șȖȕȕȖ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǫȈȘȘȐ — Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȍȡȍ ȌȍȓȖ" ǯȈ-
ȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȊ"
— ǭȡȍ ȕȍȚ șȈȝȐȉ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ DzȈȘȌȖȜȈȕ — ǶȕȐ ȍșȚȤ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȐ ǩȣȚȤ ȝțȎȍ ȇ ȊȈȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ǪȍȚȍȘ șȚȐȝȈȚȤ ǷȈȘțșȈ Ȗȉ-
ȊȐșȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȈȟȚȣ Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȈȓȐȊ ȎȐȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȧ
— ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ" — ȗȍȘȍșȗȘȖșȐȓ ǫȈȘȘȐ
— ǬȈ șȥȘ ǶȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȟțȌȈ ǨȘȈȉȐȐ ǯȔȍȧ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȑ țȚȈș-
ȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ ȊȕȐȏ
— ǿȍȗțȝȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ șȈȝȐȉ
— ǵȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȦ — ȚȊȍȘȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȈȘȘȐ
— DzȈȒ ȝȖȚȍȚȤ șȈȝȐȉ ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ DzȈȘ-
ȌȖȜȈȕ — ǻ ȏȔȍȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȘȖȚ ȒȈȒ ț ȋȐȗȗȖ Ȉ ȚȍȓȖ ȍșȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ-
ȌȊȈ șȖȚȕȧ ȜțȚȖȊ ȌȓȐȕȈ
— ǽȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȐȡȍ ǭșȓȐ ȔȧșȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȊȒțș-
ȕȖȍ Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȎȈȘȐȔ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȖȉȍȌ
— ǽȈ ǽȈ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Țȣ șȔȍȍȠȤșȧ"
— ǯȔȍȧ ȉȣșȚȘȍȑ șȢȍșȚȤ ȊȈș
— ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ" — ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȈȘȘȐ ǫȐȘȌȊțȌ — Ǵȕȍ
ȒșȚȈȚȐ ȕȘȈȊȧȚșȧ țȋȘȐ ǶȌȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȉȘȈ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ
ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȞȍȓȖȑ șȍȔȤȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ
— DzȖȘȔȐȚȤ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧ ȔȍșȧȞ ȔȈșșȈ
— Ǻȣ ȍȋȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ" ǴȖȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
șȚȘȈȝȖȊȈȕȈ Ȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȚȖȎȍ
— ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ
— ǰ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ"
— ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȗȈșȚȤ ǺȈȡȐȚȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȊȕȐȏ.
ǷȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȚȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȗȘȖȟȈȧ
— ǭȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ"
— ǩȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȟȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ DzȈȘȌȖȜȈȕ — ǨȘȈȉ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȟȤ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȚȤ
— ȇ ȗȖȌȕȐȔțșȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț
ǫȈȘȘȐ ǫȐȘȌȊțȌ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕȖȔ
Ƕȕ ȟȈșȚȖ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȧȝ Ȑ ȕȖȘȊȍȎșȒȐȝ ȒȘȈȒȍ-
ȕȈȝ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ Ȑȝ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ
ȗȘȐȟȐȕ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȎȐȚȤ Ȑ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ
ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ țȋȖȘȤ


118
ǩȣȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȐ ȗȖȓȐȗȣ ȒȈȓȤȔȈȘȣ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ
ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȊȣȌȍȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ
ǵȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ — șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ
ǭșȓȐ DzȈȘȌȖȜȈȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȐȔ ȋȘȖȏȐȓȈ țȎȈșȕȈȧ
ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ
ǵȖȟȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȓțȕȕȈȧ
DzȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȚȖȧȓ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉțȝȚȖȟȒȍ ȕȍȗȖȌȈ-
ȓȍȒț ȖȚ ©ǶȚȌȣȝȈ ȗȐȓȐȋȘȐȔȈª ȋȌȍ ȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȐ-
ȘȈȚ DzȖȠ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȘțȟȕȣȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐȍ ǬȎȍȒȈ ǫȈȘȒȈȊȍȧ
Ǫșȍ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ Ǫ ȒțȉȘȐȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȎȈȘȒȖ
ǶȌȕȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȈȝ Ȑ ȒțȘȐȓȐ ȟȍ-
ȘțȚȣ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȊȕȐȏț
ǫȈȘȘȐ ǫȐȘȌȊțȌ Ȑ DzȈȘȌȖȜȈȕ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈ ȦȚȍ ȖȌȕȐ
ǻ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȊȍ ȞȍȓȐ
ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȕȍșȚȐ ȊȈȝȚț ȕȈ șȓțȟȈȑ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ
ȏȔȍȧ ǪȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ șȗȈșȚȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ǬȎȍȒȈ ǫȈȘȒȈȊȍȧ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȗȐ-
ȘȈȚȖȊ DzȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ
Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǫȈȘȘȐ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ ș ȌȐȕȈȔȐȚ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȠȈȠȒȈȔȐ
Ƕȕ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȓ ȕȍȒȘțȗȕȣȍ ȕȖ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȊȏȘȣȊ-
ȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȖșȐȚȤ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈ-
ȕȍ ǫȈȘȘȐ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȏȔȍȧ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȐȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕ ȍșȓȐ ȚȖȚ ȗȖȧȊȐȚșȧ
ǵȖ Ȗȕ șȒȘȣȓ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȓȚȓȐȊ
— ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ — șȒȈȏȈȓ DzȈȘȌȖȜȈȕ — ȏȔȍȧ țȚȈȡȐȚȤ ȊȕȐȏ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ȑ șȢȍșȚȤ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
— ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ, — ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘ-
ȟȐȊȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǫȈȘȘȐ
— ǷȘȖȠȓȣȑ ȋȖȌ ǴȖȑ ȉȘȈȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ
dzțȕȈ, ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ, ȊȐșȍȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍșȈȝ ȒȈȒ ȠȈȘ Ȑȏ ȗȖȓȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ șȍȘȍȉȘȈ
ǴȖȘȍ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ǪȖȓȕȣ ȊșȗȍȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȓ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ șȚȈȓȐ ȟȍȚȒȐȔȐ


119
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȔȍȧ ș țȘȖȌȓȐȊȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȈșȚȤȦ
ǻ ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȡȐȝ ȘȖȋȈ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȋȘȐȊȈ
ȅȚȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȖ ȍȑ ȗȓȣȚȤ ȗȖ ȊȖȌȍ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȕȈ ȊȏȉȐȊȈȓȈ
șȊȖȐȔ ȋȐȉȒȐȔ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ
ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȐȉȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ©dzȍȚț-
ȟțȦ Șȣȉțª
DzȈȘȌȖȜȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ
ǫȈȘȘȐ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ
— ǪȐȌȍȚȤ ȔȈșșȈ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȈȘȈȉ — ǿȚȖ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ" ǪȖȚ ȖȕȈ ȌȤȧȉȖȓ
— ȇ ȊȐȎț
— ǶȕȈ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȕȈș ǷȖȔȐȓȖȊȈȚȤ ǨȓȓȈȝ ǿȚȖ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ"
ȅȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȉȣȓȖ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȏȈȌȈȚȤ ȟȍȔ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȖȚȊȍȚ
ǯȔȍȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȌȊȈ ȘȧȌȈ ȏȈȏțȉȘȍȕȕȣȝ Ȓȓȣ-
ȒȖȊDzȈȘȌȖȜȈȕ șȒȖȘȟȐȓșȧ Ȋ Ȑșȗțȋȍ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȖȔ ș ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍȔ
ǷȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȎȈșȕȣȔ
ǹȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȗȈșȚȤȦ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȘȈȏȖȌȘȈȓȈ Ȋ ȡȍȗȣ ȟȈșȚȤ
ȜȈȓȤȠȉȖȘȚȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ
ǭȍ ȋȘȐȊȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȌȣȉȖȔ Ȑ ȍȍ ȧȘȖșȚȤ țșȚȘȈȠȈȓȈ
— DzȓȧșȚȤșȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȗȘȖȘȖȒȈ ȕȈȔ ȒȖȕȍȞ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ DzȈȘ-
ȌȖȜȈȕ
ǫȈȘȘȐ ǫȐȘȌȊțȌ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȓ
ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ.
ǯȔȍȧ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓȈ ȕȈȌ ǫȈȘȘȐ șȊȖȦ ȎțȚȒțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț
DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖȕȈ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȈșȤ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȑ ȉȣșȚȘȣȑ Șȍȏ-
ȒȐȑ ȉȘȖșȖȒ
ǰ ȖȚȒțșȐȚȤ ǫȈȘȘȐ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ǰȓȐ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȒȐȚ Ȋ ǩȐȉȓȐȐ ȗȘȖȋȓȖ-
ȚȐȓ ǰȖȕț
ǷȖȝȖȎȈȧ ȕȈ ȗȍȡȍȘț ȗȈșȚȤ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȈșȤ
ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȠȐȗȧȡȐȑ ȏȊțȒ ȚȈȒ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȗȈȘ
ǫȈȘȘȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ ȠȈȕș
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȓ ȐȔ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ
ǪȣȚȈȡȐȊ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȌȊȈ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȚȕȣȝ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈ-
ȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȑȝ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ Ȋ ȗȈșȚȤ ȏȔȍȐ


120
— ǷȖȠȓȈ ȗȘȖȟȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǸȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ ȉȣȓ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔ
ǿȍȘȍȏ șȍȒțȕȌț ȌȐȕȈȔȐȚȕȣȍ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȣ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȘȈȏȕȍșȓȖ ȕȈ ȈȚȖȔȣ
ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȉȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȕȐ ȉȣȓ ȏȔȍȑ Ȗȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȍșȚȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ șȈȝȐȉ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ
ǷȘȐ ȏȊțȒȍ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ
ǰȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ȖȉȍȏȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘș-
ȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ
DzțșȖȒ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ǫȈȘȘȐ
Ƕȕ șȚȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ
ǯțȉȣ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȘȍȝ ȌȦȑȔȖȊ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕț
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǴȖțȓ Ȑ ǷȖȕȍȌȍȓȤȕȐȒ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ țșȗȍ-
ȓȐ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȏȔȍȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ
— ǵț Ȑ ȕț ȔȈșȚȍȘ ǫȈȘȘȐ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǷȖȕȍȌȍȓȤȕȐȒ —
Ǫȣ țȉȐȓȐ ȟțȌȐȡȍ
— ǺȖȟȕȖ ȒȈȒ șȊȧȚȖȑ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȑ Ȑ ȌȘȈȒȖȕ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǴȖțȓ,
— ȝȖȚȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȈșȟȍȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ
ȐȓȐ ȔȐȜȈ
— ǵȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȖȚȉȘȈșȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȈȘ-
ȘȐ
— ǷȖȋȖȌȐȚȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȔșȧ Ȓ ǬȘȍȊ-
ȕȍȔț ǸȐȔț ȟȤȐ ȘțȐȕȣ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȊȖșȗȍȊȈȦȚ șȓȈȊț ȊȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌȈ ǸȐȔț ǾȍȏȈȘȍȑ ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ DzȖȓȐȏȍȧ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȧ
ǪȍȘȋȐȓȐȧ ǴȍȞȍȕȈȚȈ — ȕȖ ȕȍ Ȓ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȔț ǸȐȔț ș ȎȈȓȒȐȔ
DzȖȘșȖ Ȑ
— ǷȖșȚȖȑȚȍ ȗȖșȚȖȑȚȍ șȥȘ — ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ǫȈȘȘȐ
— Ǩȝ ȌȈ ȇ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ǫȍȘȒțȓȍș șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ
ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȕȍȗȘȍȊȏȖȑȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȖȊ Ƕȕ ȖȟȐșȚȐȓ ǨȊȋȐȍ-
Ȋȣ ȒȖȕȦȠȕȐ ȅȚȖ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȘȖȌȐȓȐ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȣ Ȗ ȗȖȉȍȌȈȝ ȕȈȌ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȐȋȈȕȚȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦ,
ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȋȍȘȖȑ Ǫȣ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ ȐȝȚȐȖ-
ȏȈȊȘȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȈȘȘȐ — ǵȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ
ș șȖȉȖȑ ȗȈȚȍȕȚȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȖȚ ȏȔȍȑ ȇ ȏȈȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȔț Ȋ
ȗȈșȚȤ ȗȈȘȖȟȒț ȌȐȕȈȔȐȚȕȣȝ ȠȈȠȍȒ șȥȘ
— DzȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȔȖȋ Ȑȝ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȘȐȚȤ


Ƚ. Ⱦɨɪɟ ɍɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ʌɟɜɢɚɮɚɧɚ 


ǻȖȘȜșȎȗ DZȎȞȖț-ǺȖȣȎȗșȜȐȟȘȖȗ
DzǼǽǼȀǼǽǻǼdz ȅȁDzǼǰǶȇdz
(1898)


124
ȅȚȖȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȔ șȍȊȍȘȍ ȗȖȌ șțȘȖȊȣȔ
ȌȣȝȈȠȍȔ dzȍȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȊȍȘȒȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȔ
șȖȓȕȞȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȖȔ ȚȖ șȊȍȚȓȣȔ ȚȖ ȚȍȔȕȣȔ ȖȒșȐȌȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ.
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ-ȘȣȉȈȒ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȚȖȓșȚȖȑ ȠȍȘșȚȧȕȖȑ ȗȖȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȑ ȜțȜȈȑȒȍ
ǫȖ-ȋȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȊȍȒț ǰ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ
Ȗȕ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ș ȊȖșȍȔȤȦ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔȐ
ǩȣȓ șȍȕȚȧȉȘȤșȒȐȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȖȎȌȤ ȚȖ Ƞȍȓ ȚȖ ȗȍ-
ȘȍșȚȈȊȈȓ, ȕȖ șțȠȍ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ șȍȘȣȍ țȋȘȦȔȣȍ
șȒȈȓȣ ȖȒȘțȎȈȊȠȐȍ ȜȐȖȘȌ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȐ Ȉ ȖȕȐ Ȍȍ-
ȊȧȚȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȗȓȣȓȐ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ Ȓ ȖșȚȘȖȊț ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈșșȚȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȣ Ȑȝ șȍȚȐ Ȍȓȧ ȓȖȊȓȐ Șȣȉȣ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȓȣȓȐ ȚȈȔ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȊȖȏȓȍ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șȍȘȈȧ șȒȈȓȈ ǵȖ ȚȖ
ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ șȒȈȓȈ ǺȖ ȉȣȓ șȍȘȣȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȏȔȍȑ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ șȈ-
Ȏȍȕ ȌȓȐȕȣ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȔ ǰȝ ȓȖȌȒȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȍȋȖ
ȉȖȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȉȖȒȈ șȍȘȣȍ ȒȈȒ șȒȈȓȣ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȌȣȠȈ-
ȓȐ ǰ Ȗȕ ȊȍșȤ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒȈȝ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȒ ȒȓȈȓ ȕȈ ȏȊȍ-
Șȧ șȊȖȑ ȏȕȈȒ Ȑ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȏȕȈȒȈȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȚȈȒ
ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȍ șȔȍȧ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȚȤșȧ ȏȔȍȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȓȣȓ ȔȐȔȖ ȕȐȝ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȒȘțȋ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ țȎȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ
ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȖȌȒȖȑ Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȕȖ
Ȋșȍ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȖȚȊȍșȚȐ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ șȐȌȍȓȐ
ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ǩȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ țșȍȟȍȕȕțȦ
ȉȖȟȒț ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȒȖȕȞȖȔ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȉ Ȑȏ ȘȈșȡȍȓȐȕȣ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ
ȕȐȝ ȌȊȈ țȏȒȐȝ șȍȘȣȝ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȝ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ
ȅȚȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȗȈȓȐ Ȑ șȗȈȓȐ Țȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȖȕȐ
ǰȓȐ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ țȔȍȘȓȐ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ țȎȍ ȗȖșȓȍ
șȔȍȘȚȐ ǰȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȎȐȓȐ ȕȖ Ȋ ȕȐȝ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȤ ȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ-
ȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȣȠȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȌȣȠȈȓȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ǰ
ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ ȓȍȌȍȕȐȓȖșȤ ț ȕȐȝ Ȋșȍ ȊȕțȚȘȐ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓȐ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȝȖȓȖȌ șȒȈȓȣ
Ǩ șȍȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȊȍȘȧ Ȋșȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ șȍȘȣȍ ȒȈȒ șȒȈ-
ȓȣ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȔȖȝ ȒȈȒ ȗȓȍșȍȕȤ ȊȍȒȖȊ
ǰ ȖȕȐ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ Ȑ șȒȈȓȣ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȖ șȒȈȓȣ
Ȑ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȧȚ.
ǰ ȚȈȒ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ
ȊȖȌț ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȋ ȗțȟȐȕȍ Ǩ ȖȕȐ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȣȍ ȔȍȘȚ-


Ȋȣȍ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȖ Ȑȝ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǺȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ
Ȋșǭ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȗȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ
ǺȈȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȈȓȚȈȘȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȒȓȧȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȗȘȈȊȌț
Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȗȐșȈȕȖ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȉțȔȈȋȈ ȥȚȈ ȝȘȈ-
ȕȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȈȓȚȈȘȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȑ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȈ
ȌȈȓȍȒȖȔ șȍȊȍȘȍ ȕȈ ȖȉȘȣȊȍ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȚȖ șȊȍȚ-
ȓțȦ ȚȖ ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȒȈȒ ȖȒșȐȌȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȖ ȌȈȓȤ
1898


DzȔȜț ǺȓȗȟȢȖșȒ
ǽǼǾȀ ǰǿdzȃ ǸǼǾǮǯǹdzǷ
(1904)


127
Ǫ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈȝ ȔȖȘȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ-ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȗȖȌ ȗȧȚȐȔȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȖȓ-
ȡȍȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ǴȍȒșȐȒȈȕșȒȖȔ ȏȈȓȐȊȍ ȗȘȧȟȍȚșȧ ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ
ȗȍȡȍȘȈ ș ȒȖȘȈȓȓȖȊȣȔȐ șȊȖȌȈȔȐ Ǫ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ șȊȍȚȓȖ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȓȍ-
ȎȐȚ ȖȕȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ǰ Ȋ șȊȍȚȍ ȚȖȔ șȊȐȊȈȍȚ șȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
Ȋ ȐșȗȖȓȐȕșȒȐȍ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ șȗȐȘȈȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ
ǭȋȖ ȘȖȋȈȚȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȕȖȑ Ƕȕ ȚȍȘȗȍ-
ȓȐȊȖ ȎȌȍȚ ȋȖȌ ȏȈ ȋȖȌȖȔ ȊȏȉȐȊȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ ȎȈȉȍȘ
ǪȒȘțȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȦȚ ȓțȗȖȋȓȈȏȣȍ Ȑ ȚțȗȖȋȖȓȖȊȣȍ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ șȖȏ-
ȌȈȕȐȧ Ƕȕ — ȞȈȘȤ Ȋșȍȝ Șȣȉ Ȑ ȎȌȍȚ ǹțȌȕȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȌȣ
ȖȚȝȓȣȕțȚ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȑ șțȔȘȈȟȕȖȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ ȐșȟȍȏȕȍȚ ǷȖȘȖȑ ȍȋȖ
șȗȐȘȈȓȐ șȊȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȧȘȧȚșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ ǹȖȎȔȍȚșȧ
ȒȖȓȤȞȖ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȖȍȚșȧ ȔȖȘȍ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȈȔȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȗȖȒȈ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ ȕȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚ ȌȕȐ șȊȖȐ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȣȝ
ȒȖȘȟȈȝ ȏȔȍȧ
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚȈȕȍȚ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȔȍȑ țȔȐȘȈȚȤ ȊȖȞȈ-
ȘȐȚșȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȚȐȠȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍ ȉȖȞȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ șȊȐșȚȒȈ ǰ Ȋ ȚȖȑ
ȚȐȠȐȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȈșȚșȧ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȋȓȈș ȒȖȘȈȉȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȖȊ ȐȉȖ
ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȊȠȍȔșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ
ȉȍȓȣȍ ȒȖșȚȐ țȚȖȕțȊȠȐȝ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ ǰ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ țșȖȗȠȐȑ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ
ȔȖȘȧȒ Ȋ ȖȌȍȧȕȐȐ Ȑȏ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȍȚ ȊȕȖȊȤ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȗȖȍȚ Ȑ țȌȈȘȐȚ Ȋ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȘȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȧ Ȋ
ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȍ ǰ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȈ Ȕțȏȣ-
ȒȈ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ ȗȖȟțȌȧȚșȧ ȈȘȜȣ șȣȕ ȔȖȑ
ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȏȈșȚȣȕțȚ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȏȔȍȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȚȧȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȓȐȕȤ
ǹȒȓȖȕȧȚșȧ ȍȋȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ țȏȓȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȘȖȋȈ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȕȈ șȗȈȌȍȚ ș
ȍȋȖ șȚȈȘȖȑ țșȚȈȓȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ǰ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȗȕ ȓȍȎȈȚȤ ȚȈȔ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ
ȒȈȒ șȍȓȤȌȤ Ȉ ȊȖȌȣ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ țșȗȖȒȖȧȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ șțȠȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȣșȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȕȐ ȍȌȐȕȈȧ șȒȈȓȈ ǰ ȋȘȖ-
ȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȒȐȚ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǴȖȉȐ ǬȐȒ ȊȓȈșȚȍȓȐȕ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȐ-
ȚȖȊ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȖȉȐȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȗȓȣȊȍȚ ȚȘțȉȧ Ȓ
șȊȖȐȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȒȐȚȣ ȔȐȘȈ — ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȣ ȗȖȓȖșȈ-
ȚȐȒȐ ȖșȚȘȖșȗȐȕȕȣȍ ȒȐȚȣ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȌȍȓȤȜȐȕȣ ȜȐȕȊȈȓȣ Ȑ
ȋȘȍȕȓȈȕȌșȒȐȍ ȒȐȚȣ ȉȣȒȐ ȕȈ șȖȘȖȒ ȉȖȟȍȒ ȕȈȘȊȈȓȣ ȋȖȘȉȈȟȐ,
ȎȍȓȚȖȉȘȦȝȐȍ ȒȐȚȣ Ȑ ȒȐȚȣ-țȉȐȑȞȣ — ȊșȚȘȍȚȧȚ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗțșȚȧȚ
ȜȖȕȚȈȕȣ Ȑ ȗȍȕȈ țșȚȘȍȔȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȉȍșȈȔ ǰ ǴȖȉȐ ǬȐȒ ȊȣȏȖ-
ȊȍȚ Ȑȝ ȗȖ șȗȐșȒț Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȚȈȔ ș șȍȊȍȘȈ ȌȖ ȦȋȈ ȖȚ DzȈȓȤȧȖ
ȌȖ ǸȐȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȐȚ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȍȚ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȚȘțȉȐȚ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȘȖȋ,
ǴȖȉȐ ǬȐȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚȖ ȒȐȚȖȊȖȍ șȚȈȌȖ ȕȣȘȕȍȚ ȐȉȖ ȎȌȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȉț-


ȌȍȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȊȕȐȏț — ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ șȖ ȌȕȈ ȖșȚȖȊȣ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȚ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȉțȌȍȚ șȈȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȌȈ-
ȓȍȒȖ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȠȈȘț ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ Ȗȋȕȧ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȘȈȑ
ȍȋȖ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȈșȚȣȕȍȚ Ȑ ȗȘȍȉțȌȍȚ șȓȖȊȕȖ
ȊȘȈȚȈ ǰ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȏȍȔȓȧ Ȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȧȚ șȊȖȑ ȉȍȋ ǵȍ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȈȘȒȈ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȑ ȒȐȚȣ ș ȖșȚȖ-
ȊȈȔȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȒ șȊȍȚȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȈȝ DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȒȐȚ ȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȍȚ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȖȉȘȖșȠȐȑ ȒȖȘȈȓȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȗȖȓȖȕȧȚ ȖȕȐ ȔȖȘȍ —
șțȌȈ ȋȘȍȉȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȈȘțșȕȣȍ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȍȔȐȌȍșȧȚȐȌȊțȝȗț-
ȠȍȟȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȐȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ Ȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ
ȜȘȍȋȈȚȣ — ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȖȚ șȓȐȏȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ ș ȗȖȦȡȐȔȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈ-
ȔȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȗȖȗȓȣȊȍȚ ǴȖȉȐ ǬȐȒ țȊȓȍȒȈȧ ȏȈ șȖ-
ȉȖȑ ȓȖȌȒț ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ Ȑ ȉțȌțȚ șȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
șȓȖȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȈȗȖșȚȖȓȣ ǰ ǴȖȉȐ ǬȐȒ ȐȏȌȈșȚ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȘȍȊ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȚțȔȈȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȕ Ȑ ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȚ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȐ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț șȖȓȕȞț.
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȒȐȚȣ ȊȏȘȍȊțȚ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ Ǩ țȚȖȕțȊȠȐȍ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȍȚȤ
șȊȖȐ ȗȍșȕȐ Ȑ ȉȐȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȈ ȕȈȐȋȘȣȊȈȧ ȔțȏȣȒț Ȑ ȜȓȖȚ Ȑȝ
ș ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȊȍȚȘȈ țșȚȘȍȔȐȚșȧ Ȓ șȖȓȕȞț Ȓ ȒȘȈȦ ȕȍȉȍș Ȑ ȊȖ-
Ȍȣ Ƕ ȖȕȐ ȊȏȖȉȤȦȚ ȗȍȕț ȥȚȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ Ȑ ȥȚȐ Șȣȉȣ
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȧȚșȧ ȖȕȐ Ȓ șȖȓȕȞț ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȍȋȖ ȠȈȘ ȘȈș-
ȗȈȝȕȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȘȈȚȈ Ȑ ǴȖȉȐ ǬȐȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȒȐȚȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ
ȗȘȖȗȓȣȊțȚ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȊȘȈȚȈ Ȋ ȋȈȊȈȕȤ ǾȈȘșȚȊȐȧ ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ ǺȖ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȊȖȌȕȈȧ ȋȓȈȌȤ Ȑ ȗȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ ȉȍȘȍȋ
Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ ȔȐȘȈ ȉȘȖșȧȚ ȚȈȔ ȧȒȖȘȧ ȘȧȌ ȏȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȑ ș ȗȍș-
ȕȍȑ ȊȣșȚțȗȧȚ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ ǵȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ț ȕȐȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊȈȝȚ,
ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȐȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȔȈȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȕȈȚȣ ȕȍ șȚȈȕțȚ ȗȖȌȋȖ-
ȕȧȚȤ Ȑȝ ȗȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȐ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȈ-
ȌȖȉȐȚșȧ ȐȔ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȚȤ Ȑ ȉȐȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȈ ǰ
ȉȍȌȕȣȍ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ țȠȍȌȠȐȍ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ Ȋ ȎȈȓȒȖȔ ȚȘȧȗȤȍ șȣȕȖȒ
ȖȌȍȕțȚșȧ Ȋ ȠȍȓȒȈ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ǰ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț șȘȍȌȐ ȗȈȓȤȔ ȉțȌțȚ
ȎȌȈȚȤ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȚȈȊȍȘȕȣ ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȉȣȚȤ
ȔȖȎȍȚ șȕȖȊȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȔșȧ Ȑ ȧ ȉțȌț ȚȘȈȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȉȈȑȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȏȈȟȍȔ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȕȕȍ țȔȖȓȒȈȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȏȊȖȕȐȚ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓ


ɏ Ʉɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɟɧ Ɋɭɫɚɥɤɚ ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɡɦɟɣ Ɉɛɥɨɠɤɚ
ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ ©ɘɝɟɧɞª 


ǻȜȡțȓȗȚ
Ƕȕ ȝȜȐȓȟȠȖ
©ȂǾȋǻǸ ǾǶDz-Ǻǹ ǽǼǶǿǸǶ ǺǼǾǿǸǼDZǼ ǵǺdzȍ
ǶǹǶ ȆdzǿȀȊ Ȁȉǿȍȅ ǺǶǹȊ ǽǼDz ǰǼDzǼǷª
(1903)


132
ǵȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ șȓȍȌȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ
— ǩȖȦșȤ Ȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ
ǼȘȥȕȒ — ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ȗȕ țȗȓȣȓ ȕȈ Ȧȋ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ǺȐȝȐȑ ȖȒȍȈȕ ȗȖ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ǫȈȊȈȑȧȔ
— ǵȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ — ȖȉȖȌȘȧȦȡȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȖ-
ȊȈȘȌ Ǵȥȑȕ
— ȇ Ȑ ȕȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ ǵȖ ȠȈȕșȖȊ ȔȈȓȖ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ ǩȈȘȕȐ ȗȘȖȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ
ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȖȚ ȕȖșȈ ȌȖ ȒȖȘȔȣ
— ǿȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȊȖȕ Ȗȕ ȔȈșȚȍȘ ǼȘȥȕȒ
ǼȘȥȕȒ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȉȖȘȚț
ǶȠȐȉȒȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ǺȈȔ ȖȋȐȉȈȧ ȒȘȈȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȊȈ ȗȓȣȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ
ǼȘȥȕȒ ȒȐȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȘțȉȒț
— ǪȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǪșȍȔ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȋȖȚȖȊȍ
©ǰșȒȈȚȍȓȤª ȗȖȕȍșșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȍȓȈ
ǼȘȥȕȒ ȧșȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒțȌȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȓșȧ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ Ƕȕ
ȗȓȣȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȓ țȏȒȖȔț ȗȘȖȓȐȊț ȔȍȎȌț ȖșȚȘȖȊȈȔȐ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ
ȔȍșȚȍ Ƕȕ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȕȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚ ȒțȘș
ǭșȓȐ ȕȈșȚȐȟȤ ȏȔȍȧ Ȋ ȕțȎȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ țȋȖ-
ȌȐȚȤ ȍȔț Ȋ ȉȖȒ ȚȈȘȈȕȖȔ
ǰ ǼȘȥȕȒ ȋȕȈȓ ȓȖȌȒț ȒȈȒ ȗȚȐȞț ǷȘȧȔȖ Ȓ ȖșȚȘȖȊț
Ǩ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ǩȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȕȧȚ-
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȔȍȑ Ȑ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ Ȋ
ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ
Ǫșȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț șȝȊȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ Ȑ ȏȈȚȈȐȓȐ
ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ǫ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȔȐȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ
ǺȈȘȈȕ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ șȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȐȓȣ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ
ȏȔȍȧ dzȖȌȒȈ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ ȗȖȌȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ǼȘȥȕȒ Ȋȣ-
ȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȔȖȚȖȘȣ
ǺȈȘȈȕ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȊȈ ȜțȚȈ Ȋ ȚȍȓȖ ȏȔȍȧ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
ȗȖȋȐȉȓȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ
Ǫșȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ©ǰșȒȈȚȍȓȧª ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ
ǬȓȐȕȕȖȍ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȒȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ
ǷȘȐȉȖȑ ȋȕȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǼȘȥȕȒ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȑ
șȚȈȓ ȖȋȐȉȈȚȤ ȚȍȓȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȐȚȤ Ȓ ȍȋȖ Ƞȍȍ ȒȈȕȈȚ


133
Ȑ ȖȚȉțȒșȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ
ǰ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȓȈȕ șȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȉȣ ȕȖ șȓțȟȐȓȈșȤ ȖȌȕȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȈȧ
ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤ
ǻ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȘȧȌȈ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ
ȘȐȜȖȊ ǰ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ©ǰșȒȈȚȍȓȧª ȟȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȖ-
ȕȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ țȎȈșȕȣȑ șȒȘȍȎȍȚ
ǪȖȌȈ ȝȓȣȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȘțȉȒț Ȑ ȏȈȝȓȍșȚȕțȓȈ ȕȖș
ǩȈȘȕȐ ȊȏȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ șȚțȗȍȕȧȔ ȒȘȐȟȈ
— ǷȖȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȗȖȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǼȘȥȕȒ Ǵȣ șȖȒȘțȠȐȓȐșȤ
Ȑ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȚȖȕȍȚ
— ǹȐȓȣ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȍ — Ȉȝȕțȓ Ǵȥȑȕ — Ǵȣ ȕȈȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐșȤ
ȕȈ șȒȈȓț
— Ǵȣ ȚȖȕȍȔ
— ǹȒȖȘȍȍ șȗțșȒȈȑȚȍ ȠȓȦȗȒț
— ǹȗȈșȈȑȚȍșȤ
ǶȕȐ ȍȌȊȈ țșȗȍȓȐ șȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȌț ȠȓȦȗȒț ©ǰșȒȈȚȍȓȧª
ǴȐȋ șȗțșȚȧ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȒȖȕȍȞ
ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȈȧ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ș Ȍȣ-
ȘȖȑ ȗȘȖȉȐȚȖȑ Ȋ ȍȍ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȒȖȘȗțșȍ ǺȈȒȖȍ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȐșȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ șȊȍȚȈ
_____
ǵȖș ©ǰșȒȈȚȍȓȧª ȚȖȘȟȈȓ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋșȍ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ǼȘȥȕȒ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈ-
ȚȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȋȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȖ
Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȍ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ ǪȖ-
ȌȈ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȓȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍș-
ȒȐȍ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȣ
ǰ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǫȘȍȉȐȚȍ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ǵȈȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ
Ǫșȍ ȋȘȍȉȓȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ
— ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȤȍ — șȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǫȖȊȈȘȌ Ǵȥȑȕ —
ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȐȜ
— ǵȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǼȘȥȕȒ — ǯȈȚȖ Ȕȣ ȗȖȑ-
ȔȈȓȐ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ


134
— ǰ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ ș ȚȖȋȖ" Ǵȣ ȕȍ șȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȖȑ
— Ƕ ȌțȔȈȦ șȔȖȎȍȔ
— ǵȖ ȒȈȒ"
— ǭȋȖ ȗȘȐȉȤȍȚ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ǵȣ șȕȐȔȍȔ ȠȒțȘț Ȑ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȔ
ȒȖșȚȐ
— ǪȍȘȕȖ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ ǬȎȍȒ DzȓȈȑȌ — ǵȖ ȊȍȘȕȍȔșȧ ȓȐ Ȕȣ
ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ"
— ǵȈȌȍȦșȤ ǵȍȚ ȧ țȊȍȘȍȕ
Ǫșȍ ȊȖȖȌțȠȍȊȐȓȐșȤ ȀȓȦȗȒȈ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȓȈ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ Ȋșȍ
ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȊȍșȚȐ ȒȖșȚȍȘ Ȑ ȊȣșțȠȐȚȤ
ȖȌȍȎȌț ǯȈȚȍȔ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȈ
ǶșȚȘȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȣȔ ȕȖ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȒ-
ȘțȠȍȕȐȧ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋȓȐ Ȑ ș ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȣȔ țȌȖȉșȚȊȖȔ
ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ ȕȖȟȤ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ țȚȘȖ ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȉȍ-
Șȍȋț ȒțȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ȊȖȓȕȣ
Ǫșȍ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȕȐȔȈȚȤ ș ȕȍȋȖ ȠȒțȘț ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȓȍȊȐȈ-
ȜȈȕ ȓȐȠȐȓșȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȈ
ǸȈȏȊȍȓȐ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȖȟȐȡȈȚȤ șȒȍȓȍȚ ȅȚȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȍ ȖȚ-
ȕȧȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ
ȀȒțȘȈ Ȑ șȒȍȓȍȚ ȏȔȍȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ șȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȣ
ǰ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ țȚȘȖȔ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ.
ǷȘȖȗȓȣȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȔȐȔȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȑȝ șȐȋȕȈȓ
Dz ȉȍȘȍȋț ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȠȓȦȗȒȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ
ǫȐȓșȖȕ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ©ǻȚȖȗȐȐª
— ǵȈȌȖ Ȏȍ — țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — ǿȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ
ȏȕȈȟȐȚ" Ǫȣ ȗȖȚȍȘȗȍȓȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȒȘțȠȍȕȐȍ"
— ǷȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ ȚȈȒ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǼȘȥȕȒ — ǴȖȎȍȚȍ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȕȈș
ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ"
— ǴȖȋț ȓȐ" — ȊȣȗȈȓȐȓ ȘȖșȓȣȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȏȕȈȓ
ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚșȧ ȠȈȕș ȊȈș ȖȚȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ
Ǫșȍȝ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ©ǻȚȖȗȐȐª ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ
ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ǹȐȥȚȓ
ǶȚȚțȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ǹȈȕ-ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȖ ǵȖȊȖșȚȤ Ȗȉ Ȑȝ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ ȖȉȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȊșȦ șȚȘȈȕț
dzȦȌȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋȕȍ șȍȉȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ ǵȈ
ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȚȖȓȗȣ


ǵȖ ǼȘȥȕȒ ǩȈȘȕȐ Ȑ ǷȖȔȗ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ǸȐȌȍȘș-
ȚȈțȕ
ǫȖȊȈȘȌ Ǵȥȑȕ Ȑ ǬȎȍȒ DzȓȈȑȌ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒ Ȑ
ȉȣȓȐ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȏȋȓȈȠȍȕȣ șȚȖȓȗȈȔȐ ǩȖȋȍȔșȒȖȋȖ ȒȓțȉȈ
ȀȒțȘț Ȑ șȒȍȓȍȚ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȖȚȖȠȓȦȚ Ȋ ǹȔȐȚ-
șȖȕȖȊșȒȐȑ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ șțȊȍȕȐȘȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȟțȌȍșȕȍȑ-
ȠȐȝ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȑ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖșȚȐ


ȁȖșȪȭȚ ȃ ȃȜȒȔȟȜț
ȀǾǼǽǶȅdzǿǸǶǷ ȁǴǮǿ
(1905)


137
Ǵȣ Ȋ șȚȈ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ Ȍȕȧȝ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȧ ȖȚ ǴȍȓȤȉțȘȕȈ Ȑ țȎȍ
ȚȘȐ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȓȍȎȐȔ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȔ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȠȚȐȓȍ
ǷȖȓȕȖȟȤ ǵȈȠȈ ȊȈȝȚȈ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚșȧ ȌȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ
țȚȘȈ ȇ șȈȎțșȤ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠȒț ȓȦȒȈ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐșȖȍ-
ȌȐȕȧȍȚșȧ ǬȎȖȒȐ șȈȔȣȑ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȑ Ȑȏ Ȧȕȋ ǭȔț ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȗȖ-
ȉȖȓȚȈȚȤ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖșȐȌȍȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȧ ȊȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȖȟȕȣȝ ȊȈȝȚ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȖȌȐȕ ǬȎȖȒȐ ǹ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȒțȘȐȚȤ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȧ ȝȔȣȒȈȦ ȌȈ-
ȊȈȧ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ țȚȘȈȚȐȓ ȕȐȚȤ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ
ǬȎȖȒȐ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ șȒȓȖȕȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȏȈȌțȔȈȊȠȐșȤ.
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȑ ȓȐȞȖ
ȍȋȖ ȐșȒȈȎȈȍȚ ȋȘȐȔȈșȈ ȕȍȖȗȐșțȍȔȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȝȈ Ƕȕ ȖȚȠȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ-
șȧ ǭȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȓȧȌȧȚ ȔȐȔȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ Ȕȕȍ
țȎȈș ǯȈȚȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȚ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ƕȕ ȐȏȌȈȍȚ șȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ,
ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ș ȓȦȒȈ Ȑ țȌȈȘȧȍȚșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȗ ȗȈȓțȉț ǩȖȧșȤ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȧ ȖȉȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȦșȤ
ǹȊȧȚȣȍ ȕȍȉȍșȈ ǵȈȌ ȜȈȓȤȠȉȖȘȚȖȔ Ȋ ȧȘȒȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȓțȕȣ
ȊȏȌȣȔȈȍȚșȧ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȈȧ ȐșȚȍȒȈȦȡȈȧ șȓȦȕȖȑ ȗȈșȚȤ Ȋ șȈȎȍȕȤ
ȠȐȘȐȕȖȑ ǹ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȔȖȒȘȣȝ ȋțȉ șȊȐșȈȦȚ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȡț-
ȗȈȓȤȞȈ ȇ Ȋșȍ șȔȖȚȘȦ Ȉ ǺȊȈȘȤ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȉȖȘȚȖȔ ǶȕȈ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȠȍ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ ǫȓȈȏ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ
— ȖȌȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ șȓȦȕȧȊȈȧ ȗȈșȚȤ ȕȈ ȐșȗȖȓȐȕșȒȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȑ
ȕȈ ȌȘȍȊȍșȕȣȑ șȚȊȖȓ Ƞȍȍ ǵȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ǺȊȈȘȤ ȏȈȗȖȓȏȈȍȚ ȕȈ
ȗȈȓțȉț ș ȉȍșȠțȔȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȊȖȘșȚȊȖȔ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ țȋȘȧ Ǻȧ-
ȕțȚșȧ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ șȒȓȈȌȒȐ ǺȍȓȖ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȧȕțȚȤ-
șȧ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ? ǷȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȊȍșȖȔ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȏȈ-
ȊȈȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȣȑ ȉȖȘȚ ǰ ȗȖșȓȍ ȝȊȖșȚ ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȗȓȖșȒȈȧ
ȔȈșșȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȐȒȖȊȣȑ ȗȓȈȕȠȐȘȤ Ȑ ș ȋțȓȒȐȔ
țȌȈȘȖȔ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȎțȚȒȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȘȈ Ȑȏ-
ȊȐȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ șȒȓȐȏȒȐȝ ȒȖȓȍȞ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ șȚȘȍ-
ȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȉȘȖșȒȈȔȐ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ ȗȖ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ǻ ȏȈȌȕȍȑ ȋȘȖȚ-
ȔȈȟȚȣ șȚȖȧȚ ȉȖȟȒȐ ș ȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȍȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȑ
ȉȖȟȖȕȖȒ șȖȓȖȕȐȕȣ șȖ șȌȊȐȕțȚȖȑ ȒȘȣȠȒȖȑ ǯȈȗȈȝ ȔȧșȈ ȒȈȒ
ȊȐȌȕȖ ȊȓȍȟȍȚ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȇ șȓȣȠț ȒȈȒ ȖȕȖ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȊȌȣȝȈȍȚ Ȑ
ȕȦȝȈȍȚ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǫțȉȣ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ-
șȒȐȝ ȒȓȣȒȈ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȌȍȘȋȈȍȚșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ șȓȣȠȐȚșȧ Ȋȕȍ-
ȏȈȗȕȣȑ ȚȘȍșȒ Ȑ ȝȘțșȚ ǴȧșȖ Ȑ ȉȖȟȖȕȖȒ ȐșȟȍȏȈȦȚ ǵȈ ȠțȔ Ȑȏ


138
ȒțȉȘȐȒȈ ȊȣșȒȈȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ Ƕȕ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ Ȑ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ ǰȌȍȚ Ȓ ȒȖȘȔȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȐȚ Ȑ ș ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ
țȎȈșȈ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚșȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ǹȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ǰȏ ȗȈșȚȐ ǺȊȈȘȐ
ȔȖȓȕȐȍȕȖșȕȖ ȊȣȓȍȚȈȍȚ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȍ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȍ-ȉȍȓȖȍ
ȓȍȏȊȐȍ țșȍȧȕȕȖȍ ȖșȚȘȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȇ ȖȚȊȖȎț ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȖ ȌȖ șȓț-
ȝȈ ȌȖȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȚȖȠȕȖȚȊȖȘȕȖȍ ȟȈȊȒȈȕȤȍ
ǬȖȏȖȘȕȣȑ ș ȕȖșȈ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȠțȔ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȋȐ-
ȉȍȓȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ Ƕȕ ȐȡȍȚ șȗȈșȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȒțȉȘȐȒȍ Ȑ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȣȊȈȍȚ ȏȈ
șȖȉȖȑ ȚȧȎȍȓțȦ ȎȍȓȍȏȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǷȓȖȚȕȐȒ Ȑ ȗȈȘțșȕȣȑ ȔȈșȚȍȘ ȉȍȋțȚ șȖ ȠȒȈȕȞȍȊ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ
ȐșȗȖȌȕȍȔ ǪȐȌȧ țȎȈșȈȦȡțȦ ǺȊȈȘȤ ȖȕȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȚ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ Ȑ ȒȐ-
ȌȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȘȔȖȊțȦ ȒȈȦȚț ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȉȘȖșȐȊ ȖȌȐȕ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ș ȦȚȈ ȔȟȐȚșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ ȚȘȈȗț ȘțȓȍȊȖȑ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȇ șȓȣ-
Ƞț ȒȈȒ Ȑȝ ȕȖȋȐ ȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȦȚ ȗȖ șȚțȗȍȕȧȔ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ
ȟȚȖ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȖȌȐȕ
ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȧ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȉ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȌțȘȕȣȔ șȕȖȔ ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȖșȖȏȕȈȦ șȊȖȍ
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ șȚȘȧȝȐȊȈȦ ȓȍȌȍȕȧȡȐȑ țȎȈș Ȑ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȦșȤ, șȖ-
ȉȐȘȈȧșȤ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ǯȈȔȍȟȈȦ ǬȎȖȒȐ Ȗȕ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ țȗȈȓ șȒȖȘ-
ȟȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȧ șȍȉȧ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȚȈȔ ǸȧȌȖȔ ȗțșȚȖȑ țȟȍȕȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒțȉȘȐȒ — ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ șȚȘȖȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȑȏ șȚȈȓȐ ș ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ǬȊȍȘȤ ș ȗȖȌȊȍȚȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȘ-
ȚȈ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ ǪȕțȚȘȐ ȧ ȉțȌț Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ
ǺȊȈȘȤ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȈ ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȍ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȈȧ
ȉȖȟȒȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȘȈȏ-
ȌȈȍȚșȧ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȘȍȊ Ȑ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ Ȑ ȊȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȒȐȌȈȍȚșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȇ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ
ȕȐ șȍȒțȕȌȣ ȝȊȈȚȈȦ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖȋȖ Ȧȕȋț Ȑ ȉȍȋț Ȓ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȑ
ȌȊȍȘȐ ǬȖ ȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧȘȌȖȊ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȎțȚȒȖȍ șțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȗȖ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȔȐ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ-
șȧ ȒȖȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȇ ȌȖȉȍȋȈȦ Ȑ ȊȊȈȓȐȊȈȦșȤ ȊȕțȚȘȤ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȖ-
Ƞȍȑ ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț — șȉȘȈșȣȊȈȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ ș ȒȘȦȒȈ Ȑ ȏȈȒ-
ȘȣȊȈȦ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȊȣȗȖȓȏȈȍȚ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ țȋȓȈ Ȓțȉ-
ȘȐȒȈ ȇ ȗȘȣȋȈȦ ȊȕțȚȘȤ. ǬȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȈ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȈ ǹȒȊȖȏȤ
ȚȖȓșȚȖȍ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘȖȊ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȒȈȒ ǺȊȈȘȤ ȖȉȊȐȊȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȒțȉȘȐȒȈ Ȋ ȚȡȍȚȕȖȑ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȑȚȐ
ǬȎȖȒȐ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȍȚșȧ ȇ ȖȗțșȒȈȦșȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȘȈșșȚȍȋȐ-
ȊȈȦ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ Ȑ ȉȘȣȏȋȈȦ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȊȖȌț Ȑȏ ȉȖȟȖȕȒȈ ǹȓȣ-


139
Ƞț ȒȈȒ ǴȖȘȋȈȕ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ǷȖșȓȍ — ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ țȎȈ-
șȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȥȚȖ ȚȖȠȕȖȚȊȖȘȕȖȍ ȟȈȊȒȈȕȤȍ
ǬȎȖȒȐ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȚșȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȘȈȍȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ
șȈȌȐȚșȧ
— ȅȚȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ǴȖȘȋȈȕ" — ȏȈȝȓȍȉȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ — ǫȌȍ Ȕȣ"
Ǵȕȍ șȕȐȓșȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ șȖȕ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȉȍȋțȡȐȝ ȕȖȋ ȇ
șȓȣȠț ț ȌȊȍȘȐ ȋȖȓȖș ǴȖȘȋȈȕȈ
— ǺȖȔ ȖȚȒȘȖȑ
Ƕȕ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȈȍȚ ǮțȚȒȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ ǯȈȚȍȔ
ȧ șȓȣȠț ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǫȓȧȎț Ȋ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ ǴȖȘ-
ȋȈȕ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȕȈ ȜȖȘ-ȊȈȕȚȣ Ȑ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȍȚșȧ ȊȊȍȘȝ ǿȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚșȧ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ǫ ȓțȕȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȖȕȖ ȖȚȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȉȍ-
ȓȣȔ ǩȍȓȖȍ ȖȉȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȓȖȌȣȎȒȐ ǴȖȘȋȈȕ
ȏȈșȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ șȒȓȈȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȎ Ȑ ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ ȗȖȓȖșțȍȚ
ȓȍȏȊȐȍȔ ȈȌșȒȖȍ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȍ ǶȕȖ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȕȖȋț ǴȐȋ șȗțșȚȧ
Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȊȈȕȚȈȔ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ
ǵȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ǵȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ șȊȍȚȈȚȤ ǵȍ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȕȐ ȏȊț-
ȒȈ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȋȖ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ ǺȊȈȘȐ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȊȣȠȍ Ȑ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȘȈșȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ DzȈȎȍȚ-
șȧ ȍȔț ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȚȍȗȓȖ Ǫșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȐ ȏȊțȒȈ — ȔȖȓȟȈȚ Ȑ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ
Ȋ ȕȖșȖȊȖȔ ȒțȉȘȐȒȍ Ȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔȍ ǴȖȋț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȖȧȚșȧ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǺȊȈȘȐ ǵȖ
ȟțȚȤ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȧ șȓȣȠț ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚȕȣȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔȍ
ǯȔȍȑ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ǵȕȍ țȌȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ Ȍȕȧ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȚȖ
ȟȚȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ
ǷȘȧȔȖ ȕȈȌ ȗȈșȚȤȦ ȊȐȌȕȍȍȚșȧ ȗȈȘȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ șȊȐȕȧȟȤȐȝ
ȋȓȈȏȖȒ Ǫ ȕȐȝ ȉțȌȚȖ șȊȍȚȐȚșȧ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȐȑ ȘȈȏțȔ ǯȔȍȑ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȊȖȌȐȚ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑȏ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ
Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ ȇ
ȗȣȚȈȦșȤ șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȕȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊȈȦ Ƕȕ ȊȐȌȐȚ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȒȐȌȈȍȚșȧ ș ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȗȈșȚȤȦ ȕȈ șȚȍȒȓȖ
©ǩȖȎȍ — ȌțȔȈȦ ȧ — ǿȚȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȖȉȤȍȚ șȚȍȒȓȖ"ª ȇ
ȊȍșȤ șȎȐȔȈȦșȤ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ Ȗ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ ȏȈșȓȖȕȒȈȝ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘȣ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȠȚȖȘȔȈ ǵȍ
ȚȍȘȧȧ ȕȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȧ ȊșȒȈȒȐȊȈȦ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ
ȒȘȣȠȒȖȑ ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȦ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ș ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȣ


140
Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ Ȑ ȧ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȠț ǬȎȖȒȐ ȏȈȎȍȟȤ ȓȈȔȗț Ƕȕ ȒȖ-
ȗȖȠȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ Ȑ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ șȊȍȚ
ǯȈ ȟȈș ȌȖ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ ȧ ȏȈșȣȗȈȦ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȉțȌȐȚ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ Ȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȟȍȘȗȈȒȈ ǹȓȣ-
ȠȈȚșȧ ȕȍȋȘȖȔȒȐȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȕȖȍ ȟȈȊȒȈȕȤȍ
ȇ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȕȈ
ȕȖșț ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ȒțȉȘȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ ǵȈȊȍȘ-
ȕȖȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȗȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕȍȚ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ǩȍȌȕȧȋȈ Ƕȕ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȏȈ ȥȚț ȗȖȗȣȚȒț
ȇ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȏȈșȕțȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ ȕȖȟȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ
șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Dz țȚȘț ȧ ȊȗȈȌȈȦ Ȋ ȌȘȍȔȖȚț ȕȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȔȐȕțȚ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȦșȤ ǬȎȖȒȐ ȔȐȘȕȖ șȗȐȚ ǮțȚ-
ȒȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ șțȚȖȒ șȖȊșȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȍșșȐȓȐȓȖ ǿȈ-
șȖȊ Ȋ ȊȖșȍȔȤ țȚȘȈ ȧ ȉțȎț ȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈȍȔ ǯȈȊȚȘȈȒ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȐȑ ȋȈȓȍȚȣ Ȑ ȊȖȌȈ Dz șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȊȖȌȣ ț ȕȈș ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ǬȎȖȒȐ
ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț ȉȖȓȚȈȚȤ — ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ǷȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȋȈȌȈȍȚ ȟȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ș ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ țȌȈȘȧȍȚ Ȋ ȉȖȒȖȊțȦ șȚȍȕț
Ǫșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȋțȌȐȚ ǬȎȖȒȐ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȈȍȚ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ
ȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ǵȣ șȐȌȐȔ ȔȖȓȟȈ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȍț-
ȔȈȦ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȦȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȊȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȔ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȔșȧ, ȒȈȒ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȕȖȟȤȦ,
ȉȍȏ ȊȖȌȣ.
ǶȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțȌȕȧ ȧ șȓȣȠț ȋțȓȒȐȑ ȏȊțȒ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ Ȑ ȧȘȖșȚ-
ȕȣȑ ȘȍȊ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȘȈȏȌȈȍȚșȧ ȚȘȍșȒ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȚ ȖȚ ȉȖ-
ȓȐ ȇ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ǵȈȟȐȕȈȦ șȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȎȈȚȤ ǯȊțȒ ȉȣȓ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ Ȑȏ ȘțȎȤȧ ȐȓȐ ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚȈ
Ȑ șțȌȧ ȗȖ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȔț ȘȍȊț ǺȊȈȘȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȕȐȓ ȍȍ ȇ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦ ȘȈȏȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȎț Ȓ ȊȣȊȖȌț ȟȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈ
ȕȖșț ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȌȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ șȐȋ-
ȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗțȠȒȐ ȇ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈ-
ȕȍȕȣ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ țȉȐȚȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐ ȘȍȊȍ ǺȊȈȘȐ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǪȐȌȐȔȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȐȓȐ
ȕȍ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȖ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȕȍȕȖ ǵȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȘȍȊ șȔȖȓȒȈȍȚ Ȑ ǺȊȈȘȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȊȏȘȣȒȐȊȈȍȚ — șȒȖ-
Șȍȍ ȖȚ ȏȓȖșȚȐ ȟȍȔ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȐ
DzȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȕȈȒȘȍȕȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȣȑ ȉȖȘȚ ǪȐȌȐȔȖ șțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈȓȖșȤ ȚțȌȈ ȇ ȘȈȌțȦșȤ ȗȘȖȉȓȍșȒț ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȉȣȚȤ


141
ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȕȣ ȍȔț ȕȈȌȖȍȓȐ Ȑ ȖȕȖ ȊȖȚ-ȊȖȚ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȐȚșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȉȖȘȚ Ȑ ȕȣȘȕȍȚ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȕȖ
ǴȖȧ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȒȘȍȗȟȈȍȚ ȇ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȦșȤ Ȑ ȚȖȓȒȈȦ ǬȎȖȒȐ —
Ȗȕ ȏȈșȕțȓ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ șȚȖȓ Ƕȕ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȚ Ȑ
ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȍȚ
— ǺȐȠȍ — ȝȘȐȗȓȖ Ƞȍȗȟț ȧ — ǵȍ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȕȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȖȕȖ
țȠȓȖ
dzȐȞȖ ǬȎȖȒȐ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ șȊȍȚȓȍȍȚ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȖșȣȗȈȍȚ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȔȐ Ǵȣ ȎȌȍȔ ȍȡȍ ȟȈș ȐȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȚȖȋȖ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ
ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȕȈș Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ
șȍȉȍ ǵȍ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȕȐ ȏȊțȒȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ ǯȊȍȘȧ ȇ ȌȖșȚȈȦ
ȋȈȓȍȚȣ Ȉ ǬȎȖȒȐ ȗȖȒȖȗȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȠȒȈȜȟȐȒȍ — ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ
ȒțșȖȒ șȊȐȕȐȕȣ Ȑ ȉțȚȣȓȒț ș țȒșțșȖȔ Ǵȣ ȕȈȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȔșȧ ȕȈ
ȍȌț ǷȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȧ ȍȌȈ ȖȗȤȧȕȧȍȚ ȕȈș ȒȈȒ ȊȐȕȖ.
ǵțȎȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ǺȊȈȘȤ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȕȈș-
ȚȈȐȊȈȍȚ ǬȎȖȒȐ ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦ ȍȔț ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȍȍ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȏȈșȓȖȕȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ
Ȋ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘȣ ǬȎȖȒȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ șȗȖȘȐȚȤ ȇ ȕȍȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȍȕ.
Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȕȍ Ȋ șȍȉȍ DzȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȒȘȣȠȍȒ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ
ȌȊȍȘȐ ǷȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȊȖȏȐȚșȧ ș ȏȈșȖȊȖȔ ȧ ȝȊȈȚȈȦ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȖ-
ȘȖȚȒȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ țșȈȎȐȊȈȦ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ǷȣȚȈȦșȤ ȍȋȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ
Ȑ ȚțȚ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ — ȚȖȑ șȈȔȖȑ ȟȚȖ ǬȎȖȒȐ ȗȣ-
ȚȈȓșȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ — ȌȖȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȘȍȏȒȖȍ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖȍ șȖȗȍȕȐȍ Ȑ șȘȈ-
ȏț ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȋȘȖȔȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȑ ȊȖȑ ǯȓȖȊȖȕȕȖȍ
ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȗȈȝȕțȡȍȍ ȘȈȏȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ ȒțȉȘȐȒ ȇ ȌȘȖȎț
ș ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȌȖ ȕȖȋ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȖȗȐȘȈȦșȤ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȧȡȐȒ ș
ȗȓȖȚȕȐȞȒȐȔȐ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ — ȐȕȈȟȍ ȧ ȉȣ țȗȈȓ ǬȎȖȒȐ
ȉȓȍȌȕȍȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȈȧ ȘȊȖ-
ȚȈ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȔȐ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧȔȐ
ǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȟȈș ȏȈ ȟȈșȖȔ ǬȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ țșȚȈȊ ȧ ȓȖȎțșȤ ȕȈ ȧȡȐȒ
Ȑ ȗȣȚȈȦșȤ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȉțȌȐȚ ȌȐȒȐȑ ȠțȔ ȕȈ ȕȖșț DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȈ ȊȚȖ-
ȘȖȋȖ dzȦȌȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȚ ȐȏȘȣȋȈȦȚ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȧ ȔȖȓȧȚșȧ ǵȖ ȕȍș-
ȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȝ ȋȖȓȖșȈ Ȑȝ ȏȊțȟȈȚ șȓȈȉȖ ȕȍȔȖȡȕȖ Ȉ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ
ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȧșȤ ȈȌșȒȐȔ ȟȈȊȒȈȕȤȍȔ
ȘȈȏȌȈȍȚșȧ ȎțȚȒȐȑ ȘȍȊ ǺȊȈȘȐ ǪȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȕȣȑ țȎȈș ȊȖȞȈȘȧȍȚ-
șȧ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȇ ȔȖȋț ȓȐȠȤ țȗȈșȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ ȇ ȝȖ-


142
ȘȖȠȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ
ǬȎȖȒȐ ȝȊȈȓȈ ȕȍȉȍșȈȔ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȗȐȚ
ǷȖȌ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȈȍȚ țȏȒȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȒȈ șȊȍȚȈ ȇ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ,
ȟȚȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȏȈȚȖȟȍȕȐȧ ȇ ȕȍ ȉțȎț ǬȎȖ-
ȒȐ ǷțșȚȤ ȔȐȘȕȖ șȗȐȚ ȗȖȒȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȟȈș ȏȈ ȟȈșȖȔ
ȕȖ ȧ ȔȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȦ ǺȊȈȘȤ ȏȈȚȐȝȓȈ Ȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ șȗȐȚ ǶȒȖ-
ȓȖ ȗȖȓțȌȕȧ ȧ șȢȍȌȈȦ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȈȓȍȚ Ȑ ȏȈȗȐȊȈȦ Ȑȝ ȋȓȖȚȒȖȔ
ȊȖȌȣ ǬȎȖȒȐ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ șȗȐȚ dzțȟȠȍ ȚȈȒ
ǺȐȠȐȕț ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȍȚ ȏȊțȒ DzȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȟțȚȤ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȧ
șȘȈȏț ȖșȖȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ǺȊȈȘȤ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȓȏȈȍȚ ȗȖ
ȗȈȓțȉȍ Ȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȒȈȟȈȍȚșȧ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ǷȖȓȏȍȚ ȕȈ ȕȖș — ȊȍȘȖȧȚ-
ȕȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚșȧ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȏȈȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȒțȉȘȐȒ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ ǵȈ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ț ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȒțȉȘȐȒȈ ȗȖȓȏȍȚ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔț
ǹȊȍȘȝț ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ș ȜȖȒ-ȔȈȟȚȣ ȌȖȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ șȔȍȝ
Ƕȕ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȚȐȝȐȔ Ȑ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȔ ǻȎȈșȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ
ȏȈȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȇ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȦșȤ ȕȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠț ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȘȍȏȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȘȍșȒȐȊȈȕȐȧ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȏȈȌȕȍȋȖ ȚȖȘ-
ȞȈ ȒțȉȘȐȒȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȧȕȍȚ ȏȈ ȋȘȖȚ-ȊȈȕȚȣ
ǴȐȕțȚț șȗțșȚȧ ȧ șȓȣȠț ȒȘȐȒ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ
șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ țȌȈȘ Ȗ ȗȈȓțȉț DzȖȘȈȉȓȤ șȖȚȘȧșȈȍȚșȧ ȇ ȎȌț,
ȏȈȚȈȐȊ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȚȧȕțȚ-
șȧ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ǭȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ Ƕȕ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖȉȘȣ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ǵȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȣȔ Ȑ ȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ȕȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȚȍȘȗȍȚȤ ǹ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦ ȖȌ-
ȕț Ȑȏ ȏȈșȓȖȕȖȒ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦ Ȑ ȊȐȎț ȎțȚȒȖȍ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ǿțȌȖ-
ȊȐȡȍ ȖȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ Ȗ ȗȈȓțȉț ȖȉȊȐȓȖșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȏȈȌȕȍȑ
ȋȘȖȚ-ȔȈȟȚȣ ǭȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȔȈȘșȈ-ȘȍȦ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ Ȓȓȣ-
ȒȈșȚȖȍ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȍȚ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȘȈȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȍȚȤ ǺȊȈȘȤ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ǹȊȧȚȣȍ ȕȍȉȍșȈ Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ
ȔȍȕȤȠȍ șȚȈ ȚȖȕȕ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤșȧ ȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȚ ȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȦșȤ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȦ ȊȊȍȘȝ.
ǺȈȔ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȔȈȘșȈ-Șȍȧ șȐȌȐȚ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȚȈȘȠȐȝ ȔȈ-
ȚȘȖșȖȊ ǬȈȎȍ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȧ ȊȐȎț țȎȈș ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȍ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ șȓȈȉȣȔ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȏȖȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȔȖȡȤ ȇ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȍȔț ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȇ ȊȐȎț ȒȈȒ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ
ȧȏȣȒ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȗȈșȚȐ Ȑ șȓȐȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ș Șȍȧ ȒȈȒ șȖ-
ȉȈȒȈ șȓȐȏȈȓȈ ȉȣ Ȕțȝț ș ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒȈ


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ǭȡȍ ȊȣȠȍ Ȑ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ Ȋȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȖȊ ȌȖșȧȋȈȍȔȖșȚȐ ȟț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȍȡȍ ȌȊȖȐȝ ǵȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȔȖȋț șțȌȐȚȤ ȖȕȐ
ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȔȈȟȚȍ ȕȈȌ ȉȖȔ-ȉȘȈȔ-ȘȍȍȔ ǺȊȈȘȤ ȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖ-
ȚȧȕțȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ȕȐȝ ȅȚȖ ȍȑ ȕȍ țȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚȤ
ȊȕȐȏ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț șȗȐȘȈȓȤ ȏȈ șȗȐȘȈȓȤȦ ȇ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȦ ȕȈ ȍȍ Țȍ-
ȓȍ ȜțȚȈȝ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȖȚ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȒȘȖȊȖȚȖȟȈȡțȦ ȘȈ-
ȕț ȇ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȎț ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ ȕȖș ǬȊȍȘȤ ȒțȉȘȐȒȈ șȖȘȊȈȕȈ ș ȗȍ-
ȚȍȓȤ ȗȍȘȍȉȖȘȒȐ — ȚȐȒȖȊȣȍ Ȋ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȍ ȖȚ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ țȉȍȎȐȡȈ
— ȟȈșȚȤȦ șȓȖȔȈȕȣ ȇ ș ȌȘȖȎȤȦ ȖșȖȏȕȈȦ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț ȒȘȐȒȖȊ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ș ȕȖșȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗțȠȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ȇ ȗȖ-
ȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȣȚȈȦșȤ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȜȖȒ-ȔȈȟȚț ȕȖ ȍȍ
Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ ǯȈȔȍȟȈȦ ȟȚȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȐȏȒȖ Ȑ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ
ȚȍȔȕȍȚȤ ǻȉȐȘȈȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ Ȑ ȏȈșȓȖȕ-
Ȓț ǿȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȚșȧ" Ƕ ǩȖȎȍ ǿȚȖ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȉțȌȍȚ"
ǬȎȖȒȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȍȚșȧ Ƕȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȍȕ ǪȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ Ȗȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȍȓ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȚȘȖȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȍȌȍ
ǵȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȕȖȟȤ Ǵȣ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ țșȚȈȓȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖȚȟȈȧ-
ȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȇ ȓȖȎțșȤ ȕȖ ȕȍ șȗȓȦ Ǩ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȐȌȍȚ
***
ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȋȘȍȔȐȚ ȊȍȕȚȐȓȧȚȖȘ ǷȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ șȓȣ-
ȠȐȚșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȋȓțȝȖȑ șȒȘȍȎȍȡțȡȐȑ ȏȊțȒ ǷȖȏȎȍ ȌȖȕȖșȐȚ-
șȧ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȉȖȓȐ ȊȖȗȓȤ ȒȖȚȈ — Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȋȘȖȔ-
ȒȐȑ ȊșȗȓȍșȒ ț ȉȖȘȚȈ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȋșȍ ȚȐȝȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐ-
ȓȍ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȧ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȦșȤ.
ǵȐ ȏȊțȒȈ ȕȐ ȠȍȗȖȚȈ ǷȖȓȕȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ șȚȐȝȓȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȖȕȖ-
ȚȖȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȚȘȍșȒȐȊȈȕȐȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ǪȖ Ȕȕȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȎȌȈ ȅȚȖȚ ȊșȗȓȍșȒ ȥȚȈ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ — ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȕȈȌȍȧȚȤ-
șȧ ȇ ȘȍȠȈȦ ȕȍ ȉțȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ǬȎȖȒȐ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȧ șȈȔ ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȍȕ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȇ ȎȌț ǵȍȏȈȟȍȔ ȗȖ-
ȗțșȚț ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȚȤ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȕȈ ȞȣȗȖȟȒȈȝ ȗȖȌ-


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ȉȐȘȈȦșȤ Ȓ ȏȈȌȕȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȉȖȘȒȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȦșȤ ǵȐ ȏȊțȒȈ ȇ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦ ȘțȒț ȕȈȡțȗȣȊȈȦ ȏȈșȓȖȕȒț Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȔȍȌȓȦ ǵȖ
ȕȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȌȖȓȋȖ ǵȈȟȐȕȈȦ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ǺȧȎȍȓȈȧ
ȒȘȣȠȒȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȍȚȓȧȝ ȧ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȋȈȦ ȍȍ Ȑ Ȋȣȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȦ ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȐșȚȖ șȚțȟȐȚ ǺȈȔ șȕȈȘțȎȐ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȚȈ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȓțȕȈ ȏȈȠȓȈ ȏȈ ȚțȟȐ Ǫ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ ȓțȕȕȣȑ ȓțȟ Ȑ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ ȇ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ǹȕȖȊȈ șȊȍȚ ȇ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦ Ȋ
ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕțȦ ȗȍȡȍȘț ǵȈ Ȍȕȍ ȍȍ ȌȘȖȎȐȚ Ȑ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȔțȟȕȐșȚȖ-ȉȍȓȖȍ
ǴȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȅȚȖ Ȗȕ ȥȚȖ ǻȎȈș ȇ ȖȚȠȈȚȣȊȈȦșȤ
ȗȣȚȈȦșȤ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȚȤ ȚȧȎȍȓțȦ ȎȍȓȍȏȕțȦ ȒȘȣȠȒț ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȤȍȚ
Ȋ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȑ ȔȖȓȖȚ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȘȈȏȓȍȚȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ
ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ ȔȐȔȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȒțȉȘȐȒ ȇ ȊșȒȘȐȒȐ-
ȊȈȦ Ȑ ȖȚșȒȈȒȐȊȈȦ ȅȚȖ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ ȊȍșȤ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ Ȑ ȚțșȒ-
ȓȖ ȖȚșȊȍȟȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋ șȊȍȚȍ ȓȈȔȗȣ ǶȕȖ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȌȍȘȋȈȍȚșȧ
ȚȖȓșȚȖȍ ȒȈȒ șȚȊȖȓ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȋȓȈȌȒȖȑ șȓȐȏȐșȚȖȑ ȒȖ-
Ȏȍȑ ǵȈ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȈȧ ȒȓȍȠȕȧ ȒȈȒ ț ȓȖȉșȚȍȘȈ ȕȖ Ȋ Țȣ-
șȧȟț ȘȈȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȇ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȦ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȑ țȋȖȓ ǶȌȕȐȔ ȡȍȓȟ-
ȒȖȔ ȥȚȖȑ țȎȈșȕȖȑ ȒȓȍȠȕȐ ȖȕȖ ȘȈȏȕȖșȐȚ Ȋ ȡȍȗȣ ȧȡȐȒ ș Ȑȕ-
șȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ ǬȎȖȒȐ ȏȈȗȖȓȏȈȍȚ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȑȒț ǺȊȈȘȤ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ ȒȖ
Ȕȕȍ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȒȈȒ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȚȍȒȈȍȚ ȒȈȗȓȧ ȗȖȚȈ
ǵȈ ȊȒțș ȖȕȈ șȖȓȍȕȈȧ ǮțȚȒȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȍȚșȧ ȇ ș
ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȗȈȌȈȦ ȕȈ șȗȐȕț ǩȖȟȖȕȖȒ ș ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ
ȖȗȐȘȈȓșȧ șȗȐȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦșȤ ȕȈ
ȗȖȓț Ȋ ȓțȎȍ ȊȖȌȣ DzȓȍȠȕȧ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȖȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ
ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ ȕȖ ȕȍțȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ș ȋȓțȝȐȔ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ
țȌȈȘȖȔ ȖȉȘțȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ Ȋ ȜțȚȍ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ǬȎȖȒȐ
ȚȐȝȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ ǺȊȈȘȤ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȒȓȍȠȕȦ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȡțȗȣȊȈȚȤ ȒțȉȘȐȒ ǷȍȘȍȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚ ȒȖȑȒț,
ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȉȘțș ȗȍȘȍȒțșȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ ȘȖȕȧȍȚ Ȑ ȌȊȐȎȍȚ-
șȧ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǶȡțȗȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȓ ǵȈȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȖȉȓȖȔȖȒ ȉȘț-
șȈ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ
ǪȖȓȕȈ ȏȓȖȊȖȕȐȧ ȖȒȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȒțȉȘȐȒ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ șȒȘȍȎȍȡȍȚ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȍȚ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ — ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȍ-
ȓȖȍ ȒȖȕȐȟȍșȒȖȍ țșȍȧȕȕȖȍ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ǶȕȖ ȘȈȏȔȈȚȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋșȍ
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ ȗȖ ȒȖȑȒȈȔ ȗȖȚȖȓȒț Ȑ ȗȖȓț Ȑ
șȒȘȍȎȍȡȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȌȊțȘțȟȕȈȧ ȗȐȓȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǬȊȈȎȌȣ


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ȖȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ
ȖȕȖ șȕȖȊȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȔ
ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒțȉȘȐȒȈ Ȑ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ǬȎȖȒȐ ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ șȒȘȐȗț-
ȟȐȑ ȏȊțȒ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȋȓțȠȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȏțȉȣ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȖȍ.
ǬȎȖȒȐ ȐȏȌȈȍȚ ȎțȚȒȐȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ Ȋ ȏȈȝ-
ȓȍȉȣȊȈȦȡȐȑșȧ șȊȐșȚȧȡȐȑ ȏȊțȒ ȇ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦ ȋȓȈȏȈ DzȖȕȟȐȒ
ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȧȏȣȒȈ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȖȉȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȒȈȗȈȦ-
ȡȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ Ȋ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘȍ DzțȉȘȐȒ ȊȕȖȊȤ
ȏȈȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȓțȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȇ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦșȤ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ǶȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦșȤ
Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȕȐȔȈȦȡȍ șȔȖȚȘȦ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȖȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȒțȉȘȐȒ ȊȐȎț șȓȖ-
ȔȈȕȕȣȍ ȧȡȐȒȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȚȣȍ ȒȖȑȒȐ ȊȐȎț...
— ǬȎȖȒȐ — ȒȘȐȟț ȧ
Ǫ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȥȚȈ ȎțȚȒȈȧ ǺȊȈȘȤ
ȇ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȖȘțȎȐȧ ȇ ȖȚȖȔȡț ȏȈ ǬȎȖȒȐ ǨȋȈ
ǪȖȕ ȚȈȔ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȖȌ ȓȈȔȗȖȑ Ȋ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȈȝ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȧȡȐȒȈ ș
ȗȓȖȚȕȐȞȒȐȔȐ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȚȖȗȖȘȐȒ ȇ ȉȘȖșȈȦșȤ
ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȝȊȈȚȈȦ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ țȌȖȉȕȣȑ — ȚȈ-
ȒȖȑ țȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȇ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖ ȖȡțȗȣȊȈȦ ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȘȐȚȊȈ ȒȘȈȑ
ȓȍȏȊȐȧ ǪȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦșȤ Ȓ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘț ǹȚȈȕȖȊȓȦșȤ șȉȖȒț Ȑ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦ șȊȖȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ǫȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȗȖȌȉȐȘȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ șȚȘȈ-
ȠȕȣȔ ȖșȚȈȕȒȈȔ ǵȈȡțȗȣȊȈȍȚ Ȑȝ ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ș ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ©ǬȎȖ-
ȒȐ ǬȎȖȒȐª ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ ȉȤȦ șȕȖȊȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȣȌȣȝȈȧ
ȗȘȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ țȌȈȘȍ ǭȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ țȌȈȘ Ȑ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȈȧ ȔȈșșȈ ȗȈ-
ȌȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȒȖȘȟȈșȤ ȒȈȒ țȎȈșȈȦȡȐȑ țȋȖȘȤ ǰȏ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈ-
ȚȖȘȈ ȓȤȍȚșȧ Țȍȗȓȣȑ ȗȖȚȖȒ ǹȓȣȠȍȕ ȋȘȖȔȖȊȖȑ ȘȍȊ Ȑ ȏȊȖȕ ȓȖ-
ȔȈȦȡȍȑșȧ șȚȈȓȐ Ǫ țȠȈȝ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȋțȌȐȚ Ȋșȍ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ
DzțȉȘȐȒ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȍȍȚ
***
ǰȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ Ȑȏ șțȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ©ǰșȗȈȕȤȖ-
ȓȈª
ʹͶ ˋˡːˢǤ ǤǤǤˆ˓˃ˇ˖˔ˑ˅ ǤǤǤˏˋː˖˕ ˔ˈ˅ˈ˓ːˑˌ ˛ˋ˓ˑ˕˞Ǥ ǤǤǤˆ˓˃ˇ˖˔ˑ˅
ǤǤǤˏˋː˖˕ ˅ˑ˔˕ˑ˚ːˑˌ ˇˑˎˆˑ˕˞Ǥ ʖ˃ˏˈ˚ˈː ˚ˈ˕˞˓ˈ˘ˏ˃˚˕ˑ˅˞ˌ ˄˃˓ˍ
˒ˑ ˓˖ˏ˄˖ ʜǤ-ʑǤ ʜ˃ ˏ˃˚˕ˈ ˔ˋˆː˃ˎ ˄ˈˇ˔˕˅ˋˢǤ ʞˑˇˑ˛ˎˋ ˋ ˔˒˖˔˕ˋˎˋ


˛ˎˡ˒ˍ˖Ǥ ʬ˕ˑ ˑˍ˃ˊ˃ˎ˔ˢ Ǽʒˎˈː ʓ˖ːǽǡ ˅ˑˊ˅˓˃˜˃ˡ˜ˋˌ˔ˢ ˅ ʚˑːˇˑː
ˋˊ ʛˈˎ˟˄˖˓ː˃Ǥ ʙˑ˓˃˄ˎ˟ ˅ ˖ˉ˃˔ːˑˏ ˔ˑ˔˕ˑˢːˋˋǤ ʞ˃ˎ˖˄˃ ˒ˑˍ˓˞˕˃
ˍ˓ˑ˟ˡ ˋ ˔ˎˋˊ˟ˡǤ ʠ˕˃ˎ˟ːˑˌ ˖˚ˈ˄ː˞ˌ ˍ˖˄˓ˋˍ ˓˃ˊ˄ˋ˕Ǥ ʠˎˑˏ˃ˎˋ
ˇ˅ˈ˓˟ ˋ ː˃˛ˎˋ ˡːˑ˛˖ ˎˈ˕ ˇˈ˅ˢ˕ː˃ˇ˙˃˕ˋ ˅ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈˇːˈˌ ˔˕˃ˇˋˋ
ˋ˔˕ˑ˜ˈːˋˢǡ ˃ ˕˃ˍˉˈ ˚˃˔˕˟ ˑ˔˕˃ːˍˑ˅ ˏ˃ˎ˟˚ˋˍ˃ ˎˈ˕ ˚ˈ˕˞˓ː˃ˇ-
˙˃˕ˋǤ ʑ ˑˇːˑˏ ˏˈ˔˕ˈ ː˃ ˒ˑˎ˖ ˏːˑˆˑ ˍ˓ˑ˅ˋ ˋ ˆ˓ˑˏ˃ˇː˃ˢ ˋˊˑˆː˖-
˕˃ˢ ˏ˃˔˔˃ ˄ˈˎˑ˅˃˕ˑˌ ˒ˎˑ˕ˋ ˅ˈ˔ˑˏ ˑˍˑˎˑ ˒ˑˎ˖˕ˑːː˞ǡ ˑˇˋː ˍˑ-
ːˈ˙ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˌ ˍ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢ ˑ˄˓˖˄ˎˈːː˞ˏ ˑ˔˕˓˞ˏ ˋː˔˕˓˖ˏˈː˕ˑˏǤ
ʓ˅ˈ˓˟ ːˑ˔ˑ˅ˑˆˑ ˍ˖˄˓ˋˍ˃ ˓˃˔˒˃˘ː˖˕˃ ˋ ˅ˋ˔ˋ˕ ː˃ ˑˇːˑˌ ˒ˈ˕ˎˈǤ
ʙˑ˔ˢˍˋ ˓˃ˊ˄ˋ˕˞ǡ ˔ˎˑ˅ːˑ ˚˕ˑ-˕ˑ ˒˓ˑ˕ˋ˔ˍˋ˅˃ˎˑ˔˟ ˅ː˖˕˓˟Ǥ ʑˑ˛-
ˎˋ ˋ ˑ˔ˏˑ˕˓ˈˎˋ˔˟Ǥ ʙ˃˓˕ˋː˃ ˖ˉ˃˔ː˃ˢǡ ˒ˑ˅˔ˡˇ˖ ˍ˓ˑ˅˟ǡ ˓˃ˊ˄ˋ˕˞ˈ
˔˖ːˇ˖ˍˋǡ ˋˊˑ˓˅˃ːː˞ˈ ˒ˑˇ˅ˈ˔ː˞ˈ ˍˑˌˍˋǤ ʜˋ ˏ˃˕˓ˑ˔ˑ˅ǡ ːˋ ˑ˔˕˃ː-
ˍˑ˅Ǥ ʑˈ˓ː˖ˎˋ˔˟ ˅ ˏ˃ˎ˞ˌ ˍ˖˄˓ˋˍ ˋ ˖˅ˋˇˈˎˋǡ ˚˕ˑ ˡːˑ˛˃ ː˃˚˃ˎ
˒˓ˋ˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˅ ˔ˈ˄ˢǤ ʝ˚ː˖˅˛ˋ˔˟ǡ ˑː ː˃ˊ˅˃ˎ˔ˢ ʡˑˏ˒˔ˑːˑˏǤ ʠˍ˃ˊ˃ˎǡ
˚˕ˑ ː˃ ˍˑ˓˃˄ˎ˟ ː˃˒˃ˎ˃ ˆ˓ˑˏ˃ˇː˃ˢ ˊˏˈˢ — ˅ˋˇˋˏˑǡ ˋˏˈˎ˔ˢ ˅ ˅ˋ-
ˇ˖ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˌ ˊˏˈˌǤ ʝː ˄˞ˎ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ˔ˎ˃˄ ˋ ːˈ ˔˖ˏˈˎ ˏːˑˆˑ ˓˃˔˔ˍ˃-
ˊ˃˕˟ǡ ːˑ ˔ˑˑ˄˜ˋˎǡ ˚˕ˑ ː˃ ˆ˓ˑ˕-ˏ˃˚˕ˈ ˈ˔˕˟ ˎˡˇˋǤ ʞˑ˔ˎ˃ˎˋ ˏ˃˕-
˓ˑ˔˃ ː˃˅ˈ˓˘Ǥ ʝː ː˃˛ˈˎ ˇ˅ˑˋ˘ǡ ˒˓ˋ˅ˢˊ˃ːː˞˘ ˍ ˏ˃˚˕ˈǤ ʝːˋ ˄˞ˎˋ
ˏˈ˓˕˅˞Ǥ ʝ˔ˏˑ˕˓ˈˎˋ ˍ˃ˡ˕˞ ː˃ ˍˑ˓ˏˈǤ ʑ˔ˈ ˓˃ˊ˄ˋ˕ˑ ˅ ˜ˈ˒˞ǡ ˇ˅ˈ˓˟
ˍ˃˒ˋ˕˃ː˔ˍˑˌ ˍ˃ˡ˕˞ ˎˈˉˋ˕ ː˃ ˒˃ˎ˖˄ˈ ˖ ˃˘˕ˈ˓ˎˡˍ˃Ǥ ʜ˃˛ˎˋ ˅
ˍˎ˃ˇˑ˅ˑˌ ˕ˈˎˑ ˍ˃˒ˋ˕˃ː˃Ǥ ʝ˗ˋ˙ˈ˓ˑ˅ ːˈ˕Ǥ ʠ˓ˈˇˋ ˑ˄ˎˑˏˍˑ˅ ˑ˄-
ː˃˓˖ˉˋˎˋ ˑ˔ˍˑˎˑˍ ˔ː˃˓ˢˇ˃ ˏ˃ˎˑˌ ˒˖˛ˍˋǤ ʑˈ˓ː˖ˎˋ˔˟ ː˃ ˄ˑ˓˕Ǥ
ʑ˕ˑ˓ˑˌ ˒ˑˏˑ˜ːˋˍ ˔ ˛ˈ˔˕˟ˡ ˏ˃˕˓ˑ˔˃ˏˋ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˎˈː˞ ː˃
˄˃˓ˍ ˔ ˓˃˔˒ˑ˓ˢˉˈːˋˈˏ ˒˓ˋ˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ˔˖ˇːˑ ˅ ˒ˑ˓˕Ǥ ʡˑˏ˒˔ˑː ˔ ː˃-
ˏˋǤ ʝː ˊ˃˒ˋ˔˃ˎ ˔˅ˑˡ ˅ˈ˓˔ˋˡ ˔ˑ˄˞˕ˋˌǤ ʛ˞ ˄ˈˊ˖˔ˎˑ˅ːˑ ˔˚ˋ˕˃ˈˏǡ
˚˕ˑ ˔ˑ˔˕ˑˢːˋˈ ˍˑ˓˃˄ˎˢǡ ˖˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˎˈːːˑˈ ː˃ˏˋ ˒˓ˋ ˑ˔ˏˑ˕˓ˈǡ ˅ˑ
˅˔ˈˏ ˔ˑˆˎ˃˔˖ˈ˕˔ˢ ˔ ˈˆˑ ˓˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊˑˏǤ
ȋʞˑˇ˒ˋ˔˃ːˑȌ
ʢˋˎ˟ˢˏ ʜˑ˓˕ˑː ȋˍ˃˒ˋ˕˃ːȌ
ʡˑˏ ʐ˓ˋˆˆ˔ ȋ˒ˈ˓˅˞ˌ ˒ˑˏˑ˜ːˋˍȌ


ȋȐȓȞȎȞȒ Dz ȋȝȝșȠȜț
ǿǶǻDzǶǸǮȀ ǺǼǾǿǸǼDZǼ ǵǺdzȍ
(1905)


149
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ Ǹȥȑȕș ȧ ȉȣ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ Ȑ ȗȣȚȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈȗȐ-
șȣȊȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ Ƕ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȊȍȡȈȝ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȦ ȏȈȉȣ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ Ȗ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȑ Țȣ ȗȘȖȐȋȘȈȓ șȊȖȐ ȌȍȕȍȎȒȐ ǵȖ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ șȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȔȈȓȣȑ
ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ — Ȉ ȧ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȌȍȓȈȦ ȚȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȖ-
șȐȚ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ Ǹȥȑȕș
Ƕȕ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȍ Ȋȍ-
ȘȧȚ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ-ȚȖ Ȑȝ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȐȕȐȚȤ
 ȕȖ ȍȔț
ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȊșȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ Ȋ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȧȚ
ǹȐȕȌȐȒȈȚ ǴȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ǯȔȍȧ ȉȣȓ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȜȖȘȚțȕȣ — țȎ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȦ ȌȖȉȘȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȏȓȖȑ Ƕȕ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȓȍȚȕȍȔ ȒȈȜȍ
ȕȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț ȖȚ dzȈȚȖȕȐȐ, Ȉ ȘȈșȗȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȖșȚȘȖȊȒȍ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ
Ȓ Ȧȋț ȖȚ Dzțȉȣ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȏȍȔȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȍ« ȕȖ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȧ șȓȐ-
ȠȒȖȔ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȦ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ
ǵȈȟȕț ȗȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒț Ǫ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȎȈȘȈ ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ
ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȉȣ ș ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȘȈșȗȓȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȚ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȋȖȕȒȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȝȕțȚȤ
Ǵȣ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȓȍȚȕȍȍ ȒȈȜȍ ǬȎȖȕȈ ǷȖȘȚȍȘȈ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȓȐ
ȗȖ ȒȘțȎȒȍ ȗȐȊȈ Ȑ șȐȋȈȘȍ Ȑ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȖȚȒȐȕțȊȠȐșȤ
ȕȈ șȗȐȕȒȐ șȚțȓȤȍȊ ǺțȚ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ ȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ Ȋ
ȒȈȜȍ șșțȚțȓȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȖșȚȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȟȓȍȕȈ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ ǵȖȊȖ-
ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȑ țȗȈȓ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȜțȚȈȝ ȖȚ ȕȈș
ǹȚȖȓȉȐȒ ȚȍȘȔȖȔȍȚȘȈ ȔȈȧȟȐȓ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȖȚȔȍȚȒȐ ƒ
ȕȖ ȕȈ ȔȐșȚȍȘȍ ǴȍȘȏȓȧȒȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȓȈȡ ș ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȔ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȖȔ
Ȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȠȈȘȜ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȌȔȐȋȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ȕȍ ȖȚȔȖȘȖȏȤ țȠȐ ǻȐȓȤȧȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ
șȚȈȘȣȑ ǬȎȖȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȏȈȒȈȏ ț ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȈ
ǻ ȗȈȘȕȧ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȘțȋȓȣȑ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ǬȎȖȕ ȗȍȘȍȋȕțȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚȖȓ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ
țȝȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓțȟȠȍ ȘȈșșȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȏȈȒȈȏ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ
șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ șȊȖȑ ȔȍȠȖȒ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȖȕ ȈȓȔȈȏȖȊ
— Ǵȕȍ ȓȐȔȖȕȈȌț — ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ Ȗȕ — DzȐșȓȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍȇ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȋȌȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȚȐȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȚȖȚ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ
ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȈ ǷȘȣȎ-


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ȒȖȔ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȊ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȊȠȍȍ ȕȈș ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ȗȕ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȏȈȚȘȧș ȍȍ ȊȊȍȘȝ-ȊȕȐȏ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȑ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȤ
ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȧ
— ǩȐȓȓȐ ǴȈȘȚȐȕ ǩȐȓȓȐ ǴȈȘȚȐȕ ǶȚȒțȌȈ Țȣ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ"
— ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ — ȇ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ǶȚ-
ȒțȌȈ Țȣ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ǬțȓȈȕ" ǪȖȚ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȊȖȗȘȖș
— ǰȏ ȟȍȘȚȖȊșȒȐ ȎȈȘȒȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ — șȖȖȉȡȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǷȖȒȈ
ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ Ȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖȋȖȌȍ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȊȈȚȖ
— Ǵȣ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖ — șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ȧ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ — ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǬțȓȈȕ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȔȓȈȌ-
ȠȐȑ ȗȈȘȚȕȍȘ ȔȐșȚȍȘ Ǹȥȑȕș ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǬțȓȈȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȚȖ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȖȚȗțșȒȈ Ȋ ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȑ ǨȜȘȐȒȍ
ǬțȓȈȕ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǵȍȚ ǩȐȓȓȐ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ ȖȚȚțȌȈ țȍȝȈȓ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ
ȕȈȏȈȌ ȅȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ Ȋ ȔȍșȚȍȟȒȍ ȗȖȋȖȘȧȟȍȍ ǨȜȘȐȒȐ
ǯȈșȚȘȧȓ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȒȍ Ȋ DzȈȘȐȉșȒȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȥȒȊȈȚȖȘȈ ǰ
ȧ ȚȈȔ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȒȖȕȞȣ ȖȚ ȎȈȘȣ
— Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, ȕȍ șȕȧȚȤ ȓȐ Țȍȉȍ ȗȓȈȡ" — ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ
ȧ — ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȗ Țȍȉȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ — ȥȚȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȌȣȘȍ Ȋ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȑ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ Ȑ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊ-
ȕȖ șȖȖȉȡȈȓ Ȗ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘȍ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȝ ȉȈȘȖȔȍȚȘȈ țȔȕȣȔ Ȍȧ-
ȌȧȔ Ȋ ǪȈȠȐȕȋȚȖȕ
ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȗȖȌȚȈȡȐȓ Ȓ ȕȈȔ șȊȖȑ șȚțȓ Ȑ țȏȍȓ
— ǪȍȘȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǵȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓȐ ǶȌ-
ȕȈȎȌȣ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖȠțȚȐȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȈȓ Ȓțȟț șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȑ Ȗ șȕȍȎ-
ȕȖȑ ȉțȘȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȓȤȌȖȔ
ǷȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȉȣȓ ȈȊȋțșȚ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȖȚȌȖȝ-
ȕțȚȤ ȗȈȘț ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ
ǺȈȔ ȧ Ȑ ȉȖȓȚȈȓșȧ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȋȖȌȈ ȎȈȘȧșȤ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ǿȍȚȣȘȍ ȋȖ-
ȌȈ ȎȈȘȣ ȎȈȎȌȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ș ȒȍȔ șȓȖȊȍȟȒȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȚȤșȧ ǵȍ ȕȈ
ȟȚȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȒțșȚȖȊ Ȑ ȗȍșȒȈ — ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ǩȖȎȍ șȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȚȈȔ ȗȍșȒȈ ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȕȍ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȒȖ Ȍȕț ȗȖȌ
ȍȋȖ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ
— ǷȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȠȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș"
— ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐȓșȧ ȧ
— ǭșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȕȐȔȈȦ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȦ Ȑȝ Ȋ ǫȈȊȈȕț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ ȖȉȖ


151
Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȉȘȈșȣȊȈȦȚ ȒȖȕȚȍȑȕȍȘ șȖ ȎȘȈȚȊȖȑ ȇ țȎȍ ș țȔȈ șȝȖ-
Ȏț ǩȐȓȓȐ — ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ«
Ƕȕ șȔȖȓȒ ș ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȐȚȘȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ
— ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ Ȗȕ
— Ƕȕ" — ȗȍȘȍșȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ — DzȚȖ ȥȚȖ — Ȗȕ"
— ǩȐȓȓȐ ȇ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȊȖȦ ȟȍșȚȤ ǩȐȓȓȐ ǴȈȘȚȐȕ Ȑ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Țȍȉȍ ȍșȚȤ ȟȍȔ ȋȖȘȌȐȚȤșȧ
— ǸȍȉȍȕȖȒ" — ȏȍȊȕțȓ ȧ ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȧ ȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȓ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ
— ǸȍȉȍȕȖȒ" — ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȜȣȘȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — ǪȖȚ ȍȡȍ ǴȖȘ-
șȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ
ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȗȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖȋȖȑ ȗȖȌ șȚȖȓȖȔ Ȑ ȧ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ
ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ țȔȖȔ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȖ-
ȌțȔȈȓ
— Ƕ ȧ ȋȖȘȎțșȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ǫȌȍ Țȣ
ȍȋȖ ȌȍȘȎȐȠȤ"
— ǵȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ — ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȖȓȖȔȐȕȒț ȓȐ-
ȔȖȕȈȌ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ Ȕȍȕȧ — Ǫ ȖȏȍȘȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȖ-
ȊȈȊȠȍȔșȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȏȍȔȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȧ Ƕȕ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȊȖȌȖȑ,
Ȑ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȘțȟȐȓ Ƕȕ ȍșȚ Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȊȈȔ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
Ȗȕ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț șȍȉȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȚȤ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ.
ǵȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ țȝȖȌȧȚ
Ȋșȍ ȔȖȐ ȗȘȐȗȈșȣ — Ȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ șȈȘȌȐȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȍ
— ǬȈ țȎ — șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȧ — ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȘȖș-
ȒȖȠȤ — ȐȔȍȚȤ ȘțȟȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȝȖ-
ȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȗȖ ȌȖȔț Ȑ ȍȓ Ȑȏ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȘțȒ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ șȗȈȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ«
— ǩȐȓȓȐ ǩȐȓȓȐ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȕȤ — ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș
șȈȔȣȔ ȘȈȏțȔȕȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ — Ǵȣ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ Țȣ ȔȖȋ ȏȈȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖ ȓȎȐ ȇ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȦ ȟȐșȚțȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȊȈȔ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
ǸȈȏȊȍȘȕțȊ ȗȈȒȍȚ Ȗȕ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȍȍ ȋȐ-
ȋȈȕȚșȒțȦ șțȗȖȊțȦ ȚȈȘȍȓȒț Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȇ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ țȎȈșȕȖ ȕȍșȓȖ ȘȣȉȖȑ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȌȍȓȈȕȈ Ȑȏ ȟȍ-
ȋȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȘȖȋȈ ȚȖȓȡȐȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȌȦȑȔȈ Ȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȟȍȠțȦ
ȔȐȜȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȘȣȉȐȕȣ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǵȍ ȋȓțȗȐ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ǷȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȈȑ șȊȖȦ șȒȈȏȖȟȒț ȇ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȦ ȍșȓȐ ȔȐșȚȍȘ Ǹȥȑȕș ȕȍ


152
ȗȘȖȚȐȊ
— ȅȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȖȟȒȈ — ȘȈȏȖȏȓȐȓșȧ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș — ȅȚȖ ȟȍ-
Ƞțȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ — ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȍȘȌȐȓ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ ȍȍ Ȋ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ƕȕ ȐȏȊȓȍȒ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
— ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ — ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȊ ȍȋȖ Ȑ
ȠȊȣȘȕțȊ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ — ȖȚ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȧ ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑș-
ȚȖȘȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȚȈȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȘȍȒț ǷȘȖȟȚȐȚȍ șȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȗȐȠȍȚ ©ǷȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȑșȧ Ȋ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ
ǬțȓȈȕȈ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȑ ȟȍȠțȦ ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȑ
ȘȍȗȚȐȓȐȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª
ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǺȈȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȖ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȋȖ Ȗ ȞȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ Ȑ Ȗ ȎȍȓȈ-
ȕȐȐ ȊȓȈșȚȍȑ Ȋ ǪȈȠȐȕȋȚȖȕȍ ȖȉșțȌȐȚȤ ȕȈȝȖȌȒț ș ȔȐșȚȍȘȖȔ Ǭț-
ȓȈȕȖȔ ȇ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȋșȓțȝ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ
Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓ ȉțȔȈȋț Ǭț-
ȓȈȕț ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ
— ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǬțȓȈȕ — ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȖȑȌȍȚșȧ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȈ
ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȖșȚȘȖȊ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȏȒȈ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȀȚȈȚȣ Ȍȓȧ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈ"
— ǵț ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș — ȇ șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ șȢȍȏ-
ȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ǪȈȠȐȕȋȚȖȕ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ǹȔȐȚșȖȕȐȈȕșȒȐȑ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚ ȗȖ-
ȔȖȟȤ Ȕȕȍ
— Dz ȟȍȘȚț ǹȔȐȚșȖȕȐȈȕșȒȐȑ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚ — ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓ ǬȎȐȔ-
ȔȐ — ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȋȖ-
ȘȈȏȌȖ țȔȕȍȍ" ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȍȚȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ șȦȌȈ Ȑ, ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȖ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ șțȌȐȚȤ
ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȒțșȒț ȘȖȋȈ ȚȖ Ȋȣ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚȍ Ȓțȟț Ȍȍȕȍȋ
ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȒȐȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȖȑȌȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ȗȧȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ — ȊȖȏ-
ȘȈȏȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ȉ ȧ ȉȍȏ ȋȘȖȠȈ
ǰ ȚțȚ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ
Ȋșȍ ȕȈ ȓȍȚț
— ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǬțȓȈȕ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ ȕȈȌ ©șț-
ȗȖȊȖȑ ȚȈȘȍȓȒȖȑª — ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȐȋȘȈȦ ȚȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ șȚȈȘȈȦșȤ Ȋȣ-
ȐȋȘȈȚȤ Ǫ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȔȍșȧȞȍ Ȕȣ ș ǩȐȓȓȐ ǴȈȘȚȐȕȖȔ șȖȘȊȈȓȐ
ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȔȐ șțȔȔȣ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț
Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȎȌȈȍȔșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȒȖȓȈȟȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑȏ


153
ȉțȒȔȍȒȍȘȖȊ ȟțȎȐȍ ȌȍȕȍȎȒȐ ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǴȈȘȚȐȕ
ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȍȑ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȏȊțȟȐȚ șȖȔȕȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ Ȑ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȧ ȚȖȎȍ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕ ȇ ȝȖȟț șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ǵȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȔșȧ ȕȈ ȊȈȠ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȗȗ-
ȓȈȟȐȊȈȍȚ șȈȔ ǭșȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȈȠ ȏȔȍȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șțȡȍșȚ-
ȊțȍȚ Ȕȣ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȔ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȖșȚȈȊȒț șȦȌȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȔ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȤ
ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȈȞȐȐ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ ǹȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ"
Ǭȓȧ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȘȍȟȤ ȕȖ șȔȣșȓ ȍȍ ȉȣȓ
ȧșȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȕȤ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ ȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ ȚȈȒțȦ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ǷȖȘȈȏȔȣșȓȐȊ ș ȔȐȕțȚț Ȗȕ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ
ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ
— ǷȖ ȘțȒȈȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ ǹȐȕȌȐȒȈȚ ǴȖȘșȒȖȋȖ
ǯȔȍȧ ǬțȓȈȕȈ-ǸȥȑȕșȈ-ǴȈȘȚȐȕȈ
ȀȍșȚȤȦ ȌȕȧȔȐ ȗȖȏȎȍ Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȗȓȣȓȐ ȗȖ DzȈȘȐȉșȒȖȔț ȔȖ-
ȘȦ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ șțȌȍȕȣȠȒȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȏȐȊȠȍȔ ȜȘțȒȚȣ ȘȈȏȣș-
ȒȐȊȈȧ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȧ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ ȥȒș-
ȗȍȌȐȞȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȚȈȡȈȚ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȘȒȖȏȖȔ ǵȈ ȗȧȚȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȧ
ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȍșȧȚȐ țȚȘȈ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȐȏȌȈȓ ȌȐȒȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȐȕȌȍȑȞȈ Ȑ
ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓ ț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȒȈȘȚț
— ȅȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ Ȓȥȗ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ
ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕțȦ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȚȖȟȒț ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ — ǸțȓȐȚȍ ȚțȌȈ Ȑ Ȋȣ-
șȈȎȐȊȈȑȚȍ ȕȈș ȇ ȎȈȎȌț șȕȖȊȈ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȥȚț Ȓțȟț ȗȍșȒȈ
ǵȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ Ȑ ȟȈșȈ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȍșȟȈȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȋȖȘ-
Ȓȍ ȗȖȘȖșȠȍȔ ȟȈȝȓȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȔȈȔȐ Ȉ ȍȡȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ șȐȌȧ
ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȎȐȚȒȈȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȠȍ șțȌȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ ȊȌȈ-
ȓȐ ǹȚȖȧȓȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȎȈȘȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍȗȍȒȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈ-
ȎȈȘȐȚȤ ȗȖȘȖșȍȕȒȈ ȕȖ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐ-
ȊȣȔ ǷȖȘȣȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȔȍȠȒȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȗȖȍșȚȤ Ȉ
ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȕȣ ȚȘȖȍ ȘȈȏȖȎȋȓȐ ȚȘțȉȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ
șȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚț
— ǨȓȤȜȖȕș — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌ șȈȔȣȔ
ȘȈșȒȐȌȐșȚȣȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȖȔ — ș ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ ȧ ȕȍ
ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ Țȍȉȧ Ȗ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȧȝ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Țȣ
ȘȈșșȒȈȎȍȠȤ ȕȈȔ ȒȈȒ Țȍȉȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȚȊȖȦ ȏȔȍȦ
ǨȓȤȜȖȕș șȌȍȓȈȊ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȏȈȚȧȎȒț ȏȈȒȐȕțȓ ȘțȒȐ ȏȈ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț


154
— ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȕȖ Ȋȣ
ȐȔȍȍȚȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ǴȖȧ șȚȈȕȞȐȧ — ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȝȐȉȈȘȈ
ȋȌȍ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȔȍȉȍȓȐ șȚȖȐȚ ȧȡȐȒ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȔȣȓȈ ǶȕȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ
ȒȖȕȞȍ ȖȊȘȈȋȈ — ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȚȈȔ ȉȣȓ ȖȊȘȈȋ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȖșȤ ȏȍȔȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ țȚȐȝȓȖ ȧ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈȘțȎț
ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȇȘȒȖ șȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȓțȕȈ,
Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȔȖȑ
ȖȊȘȈȋ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ șȖȠȍȓ ș țȔȈ ǶȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ
ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȓȖȡȐȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȒȐȗȍȓȖ Ȑ ȗȍȕȐȓȖșȤ ȖȏȍȘȖ Ȋ
ȗȖȓȔȐȓȐ ȠȐȘȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȌȊȍ ȔȐȓȐ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ Ǩ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȍ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ
șȈȔȖȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȤ ǬȓȐȕȖȑ Ȋ ȚȘȐșȚȈ ȜțȚȖȊ — ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏ ȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ
ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȐȏȔȍȘȐȓ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȞȐȜȘȈȝ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȑȚȍșȤ —
Ȑ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȒȈȒ ț ȖșȊȍȎȍȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȊȣ Ƕȕ ȘȍȊȍȓ Ȑ ȝȓȖȗȈȓ
ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ țȎȈșȕȖ ȗȈȝȓȖ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ǩȐȓȓȐ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ
ȧ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ǶȚ ȏȍȔȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȐ
ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȘȈșȡȍȓȐȕȈ Ȑ ǩȐȓȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș
ȊȖȌȖȑ ȗȖȗȈȓ șȦȌȈ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȡȍȓȤ ȏȈȊȈȓȐȓȖ — Ȑ Ȕȣ șȖ ȏȔȍȍȑ
ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ
Ǫ Țț ȕȖȟȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȊȣșȗȈȚȤșȧ — ȋȖșȚȤ ȔȍȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖ
ȖȏȍȘț ȊȖ ȊșȦ ȋȓȖȚȒț ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȧ șȊȖȦ ȘȖȌȕȦ ȕȖ Ȓ țȚȘț Ȗȕ Ȋȣ-
ȌȖȝșȧ Ȑ țșȕțȓ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ ȔȐȘȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȧȋȕȍȕȖȒ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ
Ȑ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓ Țȍȉȧ ǩȐȓȓ ǴȈȘȚȐȕ ȕȖ ȚȈȒ țȎ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ
Ȋ ȚȊȖȦ ȟȍșȚȤ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ șȔȖȋ ȗȘȖșȕțȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȚȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȦ
ȚȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ ǪȣșțȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȜțȚȖȊ Ȗȕ
ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉțȧȕȐȚȤ ș ȊȖȘȟȈȕȐȍȔ ȊȏȔȈȝȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȚȈ șȈȔȈȧ
ȟȍȠțȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȕȣ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȗȘȧȔȖ
Ȋ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȍșȖȒ ©ǷȖ-
șȓțȠȈȑ-ȒȈ ǩȐȓȓ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȚȈȒ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ ș ȝȖ-
ȏȧȐȕȖȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȧ Țȍȉȧ șȦȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȓ
Țȣ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȏȊȈȕȣȑ ȋȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȊȍșȚȐ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȊȍȎȓȐȊȍȍ
ȇ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȟȚȖȉȣ Țȣ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȖ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ șȔȐȘȐȚȤ
șȊȖȑ ȕȘȈȊ».
ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȏȔȍȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȕȖ șțȌȧ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌț
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȗȕ țȓȖȊȐȓ Ƕȕ ȏȍȊȕțȓ șȖ șȔțȡȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ Ȑ ȧ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓ ȍȔț ȒțșȖȒ ȔȧșȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ ȔȧșȖ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȗȓȣȓ


155
Ȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȔț ȒȘȈȦ ȖȏȍȘȈ ǹ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ
ȊȍșȚȐ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȖ Ȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȚȤșȧ
ȇ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ
șȒȘȈșȐȚȤ ȔȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ șȒțȟȈȦ ȗȖ ȕȍȔț Ƕȕ
ȗȘȐȊȧȏȟȐȊȣȑ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȍȔ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȀȚȈȚȣ ȚȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ
ȗȘȐțȟȐȔ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ǭȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ — Ȑ Ȗȕ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȒȘȖȚȒȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȚȍȕȖȒ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȗȓȣȊȍȚ ȏȈ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȖȑ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȉțȌț șȐȌȍȚȤ ǹȓȣȠȐȚȍ
Ȕȍȕȧ"
— Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȟȍȚ ȐȕȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ
ǬȎȐȔȔȐ
— ǴȐșȚȍȘ Ǹȥȑȕș — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș — ǴȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ Ȗȉț-
ȟȈȍȚșȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔ ȔȈȕȍȘȈȔ ȕȍ Ȋ ȏȈȖȟȕȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȍ ǭșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȧ-
ȊȐȚ ȕȈȝȈȓȤșȚȊȖ ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȈȟȍȒț — Ȗȕ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦ-
ȡȍȍ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȓȐȠȐȊȠȐșȤ Șȣȉȣ ȅȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȤȚȍ Ȕȕȍ Ǩ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȠȓȐ — șȖȓȕȞȍ șȈȌȐȚșȧ
ǬȊȈ ȟȈșȈ Ȕȣ ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓȐșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȦȕȣ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȝȖȓȔȍ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȊȐȌ ȕȈ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȖȏȍȘȖ ș ȕȐȏȒȖȘȖșȓȣȔȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȞȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ Ȑ ȓȈȟț-
ȋȖȑ ț ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ
— ǪȖȚ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȋȖȘȌȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȈȊȓȐȕ —
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ ǬțȓȈȕȊȐȓȓȤ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ
ȓȐ" ȇ ȗȖȌțȔȣȊȈȦ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ țȟȈșȚȒȐ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȔ
— ǬȖȉȘȖ ȗȖȎȈȓȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ «ǶȚȍȓȤ Ȍȍ ǬțȓȈȕ», — ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ Ȗȕ,
ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ Ȋ ȝȐȎȐȕț — ǵȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȓțȟȠȍ
șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȊȣȋȕȈȚȤ ȧȡȍȘȐȞ ǶȕȐ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ-ȚȖ ȓȦȉȧȚ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔ-
ȞȍȊǪȖȑȌȧ ȊȕțȚȘȤ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȚȈȔ ȠțȔ ȗȖȓȌȦȎȐȕȣ ȟȍȠțȑ-
ȟȈȚȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȓȐ șțȝȖȗțȚȕȣȍ ȒȘȈȉȣ Ȑ ȌȖȔȖȊȣȍ ȏȔȍȐ
— ǵț, Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — ȗȘȖȊȖȏȋȓȈșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȧșȤ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ —
ȊȈȠȐ ȈȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ ǪȝȖȌȐȚȍ Ȑ ȏȈȘȍȋȐ-
șȚȘȐȘțȑȚȍșȤ Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ Ȋșȍ ȕȖȔȍȘȈ ș ȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ
ȕȖ Ȓ ȊȈȠȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ țȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȖȏȍȘȖ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȘȈșȗȈȒȖȊȈȓȐ ȊȍȡȐ Ȑ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐ șȍȉȍ ȒȖȑȒȐ șȖȓȕ-
Ȟȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȍȓȖ Ȉ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȕȈȗȍȊȈȧ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȌ ȕȖș șȕȖȊȈȓ ȊȖȒ-
Șțȋ ȝȐȎȐȕȣ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȋȖȘȠȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȒȖȊȖȘȖȌȒȈȔȐ Ǵȣ ș ȗȘȐȧ-


156
ȚȍȓȍȔ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ
ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȏȐȊ ȋȖȓȖș
— ȅȚȖ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȐȓȐ ȧ șȗȓȦ"
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȕȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǿțȊșȚȊțȦ ȟȚȖ
șȒȖȘȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȖșȕțȚȤșȧ
ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǹȈȔȖȍ ȝțȌȠȍȍ — ȥȚȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ Ȑ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ
ȌȍȕȍȎȒȐ ȕȈȠȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ǷȖ-ȔȖȍȔț ȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ
ȌȖȊȍșȚȐ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ǵȖ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ȥȚȈ ȏȔȍȧ"
ǹȓțȠȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȧ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȖȏȍȘȖ Ȑ ȚțȚ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ
ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȊșȚȈȓȐ ȌȣȉȖȔ ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȟȈșȚȐȟȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȦ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȈ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ș ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍȔ ȚȈȒ
șȒȖȘȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ ȧ țȡȐȗȕțȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȗȓȦ
ȒȈȒ ȏȔȍȑ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȔ Ƕȕ ȗȓȣȓ ȗȖ ȖȏȍȘț Ȑ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ȥȚȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȎțȚȒȖȍ Ƕȕ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȊȖȌȖȕȈȗȖȘȕțȦ ȉȈȠȕȦ Ȑ ȧ Ȓȓȧ-
ȕțșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȖȉȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȐȗȗȖȌȘȖȔȈ Ȋ
dzȈȚȖȕȐȐ ȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȗȈȘț ȒȘțȋȖȊ ǫȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ
ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȌȖȎȌȍȊȖȑ ȟȍȘȊȤ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓ ȗȖ ȊȖȌȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȓț-
ȟȐ ȏȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȠțȍȒ ȌȍȓȈȧ ȍȋȖ
ȉȍȓȣȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȍȘȍȉȘȖ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈș ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȍȘȍȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ǯȔȍȑ
Ȋȣșțȕțȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȜțȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȘȔȖȏȐȓ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȐȔȈȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ
ȉȖȟȒȐ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ȗȈșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȘȧȌ
ȏțȉȖȊ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ ȏȈȉȖȘ ȊȣȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ ǬȎȐȔ-
ȔȐ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ ǰȏȌȈȊ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȝȘȦȒȈȕȤȍ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȘȚȊȖ ȗȖ-
ȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȈ ȒȘțȎȐȚȤșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȧ țȎȍ ȘȈȏȔȣȠ-
ȓȧȓ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȖȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȧ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȐȊ
ǬȎȐȔȔȐ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ șȈȔȐȔ șȍȉȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑȏ ȓȈȟțȋȐ Ȋȣșț-
ȕțȓșȧ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș
— ǨȋȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȧșȤ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ șȖ șȒȖȊȖȘȖȌȖȑ Ȋ
ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȍ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȖȑ șȈȘȌȐȕ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ǩȐȓȓȐ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ
ǵț ȟȚȖ ȗȈȘȕȐ ȌțȔȈȦ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋȣ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌțȘȈȟȐȓ ȊȈș
ȌȧȌȦȠȒȈ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ ǵț ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȒȘȈșȈȊȍȞ ǻȐ-
ȓȤȧȔ — Țȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȋȖȘȌȐȠȤșȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȊȖȑ ȚȍȏȒȈ"


157
ȇ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈȉȘȈȚȤ Ȋ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒȐȔ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȔ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȔȍȑ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȐȏȌȈȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȘȍȊ ȖȚ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ Șțȝȕțȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȊȐȌȐȔȖ șȟȐ-
ȚȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ ȠțȚȒȖȑ Ƕȕ ȡȍȓȒȕțȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȏȣ-
ȊȈȧ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
— ǹȦȌȈ ǩȐȓȓȐ ȐȌȐ șȦȌȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȔȖȑ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ
— ǰȌȐ, ȗȖȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊțȑ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȌȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȉȖșșȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȌȘț-
ȏȍȑ ǵȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȑ Ȗ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȝ ȔȈȕȍȘȈȝ
ǯȔȍȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȜțȚ ș ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȗȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȓ ȕȈș ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ țȘȖȊ-
ȕȍ ș ȓȐȞȖȔ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȈ Ǫȣ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ Ȋ
ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ — ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ
ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ țșȣ ǵȖ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȚȈȒȖȍ șȖșȍȌșȚȊȖ Ȗȕ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ ȘȍȗȚȐȓȐȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț
șȈȘȌȐȕ ǩȐȓȓȐ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
Ǫȣ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ țȓȣȉȈȦȚșȧ ȔȖȘș-
ȒȐȍ ȏȔȍȐ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȥȚț ȒȈȘȚȐȕț
ǵȖ țȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș Ȋȣ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖȍ țȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȘȈșșȚȘȈȐȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȌț ȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ ǫȐȋȈȕȚșȒȈȧ ȗȍȡȍȘȈ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ
șȚȍȕȈȔȐ — ȊȖȚ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ țȓȣȉȒȈ ǩȐȓȓȐ ȇ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȖȔȒȕțȓ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȍ șȈȘȌȐȕ Ȗȕ
ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȚȈȒ ȐȔȐ țȊȓȍȒșȧ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȘȚȈ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ ȗȍșȖȒ ț ȕȖȋ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȖ-
ȚȍȕȖȒ ȖȎȐȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȓȈșȒȐ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȟȍșȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ șȒȖ-
ȊȖȘȖȌȒȖȑ Ȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȔȐȕțȚ ȗȧȚȤ ȔțȘȓȣȟȈ ȖȚ țȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
șȚȊȐȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȐ
ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȊțȒ — ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȈȘ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȌȊȐ-
ȋȈȚȍȓȧ — ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ Ȋ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȕțȓ ȕȈ ȏȔȍȧ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȚ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ
ȐȏȌȈȓ țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȓȤ ǯȔȍȦ ȊȖȗȓȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ
ȟȍȔ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș șȔȖȋ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗȕ ȊșȚȈȓ ȕȈ Ȍȣȉȣ Ȑ ȟȍȠțȧ
ȍȋȖ ȖȡȍȚȐȕȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ ȠȍȘșȚȤ ȕȈ ȏȈȋȘȐȊȒȍ ț ȉțȓȤȌȖȋȈ Ǫ șȓȍ-
ȌțȦȡȍȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȗȕ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȊȏȔȈȝȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȘȖ-
ȋȖȊȣȝ ȗȓȈșȚȐȕ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȐȝ ȚȈȏȣ Ȍȓȧ țȔȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȓȍ-
ȚȍȓȈ ț ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȕȈȌ țȝȖȔ șȘȍȏȈȊ ȗȘȧȌȤ ȊȖȓȖș
— ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ǻȉȍȘȐ ȍȋȖ țȉȍȘȐ ȍȋȖ — ȊȏȊȣȓ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ
ȉȘȖșȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȝȐȎȐȕȍ Ȉ ȊșȓȍȌ ȍȔț ȕȍșșȧ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ


158
șțȊȍȕȐȘ ȖȚ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ
ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȔȈȝȕțȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǩȐȓȓȐ șȒȖȊȖȘȖȌȖȑ șȖ șȓȖȊȈ-
ȔȐ
— ǪȍȌȐ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȖ ǩȐȓȓ DzȈȒ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ șȚȣȌȕȖ
ǵȖ ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ǩȐȓȓȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȖȉșȚȘȍȓȐȊȈȚȤ ǬȎȐȔ-
ȔȐ ȟȍȠțȍȑ ȗȖȒȈ ȚȖȚ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȓȈȟțȋȐ Ȑ ȕȍ șȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌ
ȧȡȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȖȟȒȈȔȐ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȏȔȍȑ ȗȘȐȎȈȓ Ȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ
țȠȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȎȍȓȈȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȓȖ-
ȝȖȋȖ Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȘȖȗȖȓȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȜțȚȖȊ ȗȖ
ȗȓȧȎț Ȑ ȏȈȘȣȓșȧ ȕȖșȖȔ Ȋ ȗȍșȖȒ ț ȕȖȋ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȈ ȗȘȖșȧ ȗȘȖȡȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȏȈ șȊȖȍ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȓȦȉȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ
ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȗȘȐșȍȓ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȓȦ-
ȉȐȔ-ȞȍȔ ǵȍ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȔȍȠȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȑ șȞȍȕȍ
ȧ țșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȗȘȖȟȤ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ Ȑș-
ȚȍȘȐȒȍ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȔ țȋȓț «ǶȚȍȓȧ Ȍȍ ǬțȓȈȕ».
ǺȈȒ șȖșȚȖȧȓȖșȤ ȕȈȠȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ ș ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȔȍȍȔ ǬțȓȈ-
ȕȈ ǯȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ
ȒȈȒ ȧ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ Ȓ șȖșȍȌșȚȊț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ
ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȒȘțȗȕțȦ șȖȉȈȒț Dz ȚȖȔț
Ȏȍ Ȕȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȌȖȉȘȣȔȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ ȝȖȚȧ ȧ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ șȔȖȋ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȣȒȕțȚȤ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȌȣȝȈȕȐȦ — ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȓȈșȚȐȓșȧ ȒȖ
Ȕȕȍ ȖȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ DzȈȎȌȖȍ țȚȘȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȧ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖȗȓȈȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȗȘȣȋȈȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ țȗȘȈȎȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ
Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ ȏȖȊ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖș ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȈ
Ȑ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȔȈ
ǵȖ ȧ ș șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȘț-
ȎȐȓșȧ ș ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȖȗȓȧ Ȗȕ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓșȧ
Ȓ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȌțȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ Ƕȕ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȉȘȖ-
șȈȓșȧ șțȗȖȊȣȔȐ ȚȈȘȍȓȒȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȐȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȉ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȥȚȖ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȖȋȖȘȟȈȓȖ
ǵȍȗȘȐȧȏȕȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȖȑ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ș țȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ țȋȖșȚȐȓ ȉȣ ǩȐȓȓȐ șȥȕȌȊȐȟȍȔ ș ȌȐȕȈȔȐȚȖȔ ȕȖ
ȗȘȐ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȍ Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȒȐ ȏȔȍȧ
ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ


159
ǬȈȎȍ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǩȐȓȓȐ Ȋȏȧȓ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȈ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȚȈȚȤșȧ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȓ ȏȈȊȐșȚȐ ǯȔȍȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȓȧȎȍ
ȒȈȒ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ Ȉ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȗȖȟȍșȣȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȠȍȦ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȖȔ ȌȖșȒȐ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ǩȐȓȓȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȐȌȍȧ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖșțȕțȓ
ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȖȌ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȖ Ȉ ǨȓȤ-
ȜȖȕș ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȞȐȘȒȖȊȖȑ ȕȈȍȏȌȕȐȒ,
ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȡȐȑ ȉȍȏ șȍȌȓȈ ǩȐȓȓȐ ȗȘȖȒȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȏȍȘȖ Ȑ
ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȑ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșț ȚȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȒȈȚȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ ȕȖȟȤ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȕȣ ș ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȖȔ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȈȚȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ
ǩȐȓȓȐ ȘȈȏ-ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȑ ȊȏȈȔȍȕ ȏȔȍȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț șȈȘ-
ȌȐȕ Ȑ ȚȘȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȗȖȟȍșȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ
ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ
ȒȈȒ ǩȐȓȓȐ
ǵȖ, ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤșȧ ǷȘȐ-
ȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ ȒȖȕȍȞ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȏȈșȚȐȋ ȕȈș ȊȘȈșȗȓȖȝ ǹȖ Ȍȕȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ Ȋȣ-
șȈȌȒȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ Ȑ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ ȕȈȔ,
ȟȚȖ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ǩȐȓȓȐ ȋȖȚȖȊ Ȓ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȦ
— Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ țȌȘȈȚȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȖȚȊȍȟȈȧ
ȕȈ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș — DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȚȖ ȗȖȉȖȐȚșȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ǬțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȈȟȕȍȔ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȍșȍȟȤ ȖȒȍȈȕ Ȑ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ Ƕ
ǩȐȓȓȐ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ Ȑ«
ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȏȈȠȈȚȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȖȌȈ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȍ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȝȖȌț-
ȕȖȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖȘȖȕȒȈ
ǩȐȓȓȐ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ȊȣȗȖȓȏ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ
șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȗȖȌ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȈ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȒȐȗȧȡțȦ Șȍ-
ȊțȡțȦ ȊȖȌț șȓȖȊȕȖ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȋȕȈȓȐșȤ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȊȞȍȗȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ
ȍȋȖ țȠȐ ș ȊȖȗȓȧȔȐ țȔȖȓȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ
ǶȕȐ țȎȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȐ ȞȍȕȚȘȈ ȖȏȍȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ
ȠțȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț ǵȐȈȋȈȘȈ Ȑ
ȊȏȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȚȕȣȑ ȏȈȊȖȌ Ȑ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȠȐȔȐ ș ǬȎȐȔ-
ȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȚȘȧșȚȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȗȖȓȏȈȚȤ
ǵȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȊȞȍȗȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ șȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȎȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ Ȑȝ șȕȖȊȈ
ȖȏȍȘȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȖȊȘȈȋ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ ȕȈȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȚȘȍ-


160
ȡȐȕț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉțȓȤȒȈȓȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȊȖȌȈ ǰȏ ȡȍȓȐ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȖ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧȘȌȖȊ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ȉȍȌȕȖȋȖ ǩȐȓȓȐ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ șȔȖȋ
ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȚȐ ȝȖȚȤ șȓȖȊȖ ȝȊȖșȚ șȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȑ Ȕȣ ș ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȖșȚȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȖȌȕȐ
ǶȏȍȘȖ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȖ ȏȔȍȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ȏȍȔȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ
ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ Ȉ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș«
— ǩȍȎȐȔ — ȏȈȖȘȈȓ ȧ— ǬȎȐȔȔȐ Ǹȥȑȕș ȥȚȖȚ ȏȔȍȑ ȗȖȝȐ-
ȚȐȓ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȈ
ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȖ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȇ ȕȍșșȧ ȊȕȐȏ
ȗȖ șȣȘȖȔț șȒȖȓȤȏȒȖȔț șȒȓȖȕț ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȉȣȊȠȍȔț ȌȕȖȔ Ȗȏȍ-
ȘȈ Ȓ ȌȣȘȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ ǩȐȓȓȐ Ǵȕȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȓȖ ȟȚȖ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȎȐȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȒȈȒ ǩȐȓȓȐ ȖȕȐ
ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȒȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȖȕȐ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ǵȖ ȚțȚ ȧ șȗȖȚȒȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȗ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȕȤ ȗȓȈȠȔȧ Șțȝȕțȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ țȌȈȘ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖ
— Ǻȣ ȗȘȈȊ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ
ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ — ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȋȐȉ
Ȑ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ
ǬȎȐȔȔȐ șȗȘȧȚȈȓ ȓȐȞȖ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȕȧȝ
— ǻȎȈșȕȖ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș Ȗȕ — ǬȈȎȍ ȕȍȚ ȖșȚȈȕȒȖȊ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȚȤ
— Ƕȕ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȝȊȈșȚȈȓșȧ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȧ — Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȉȣȊȈȓ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ șȒȘȍȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ
— ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȎȐȊ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȈȔȕȧ șȓȈȉȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș
Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș Ȟȍȓȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔȣȑ ȕȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȔȖȒȠȐȑ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ Ȑ ȐȏȔȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ
— DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ — ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ǩȐȓȓȐ ȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈȉȘȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȌȖȔȖȑ DzȖȋȌȈ
Ȕȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȧ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȕțȓ Ȑ țȞȍȗȐȓșȧ ȏȈ Ȋȣș-
Țțȗ Ȉ ȊȖȌȈ ȉțȘȓȐȓȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȑ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȏȈșȖșȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȗȖȘȈ-
ȕȐȓ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȒȖșȚȧȠȒȐ ȘțȒ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ
Ǵȣ țșȚȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ țȏȒțȦ ȚȘȍȡȐȕț ȗȖȋȓȖȚȐȊȠțȦ ȕȈȠȍ șȖ-
șȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ șȍȉȧ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȏȋȖ-
ȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ
— Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
— ȟȚȖ ȕȍȚ șȔȣșȓȈ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ ȗȖ șȉȍȎȈȊȠȍȔț ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȏȔȍȦ


ǹȌȍȓȈȍȔ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȈ ǩȐȓȓȐ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȐȋȘȈȓȐ ǷȖȘȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȀȚȈȚȣ
— ǬțȔȈȦ Ȋȣ ȗȘȈȊȣ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș — Ȑ ȏȍȔȓȍȚȘȧ-
șȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȒȊȐȌȐȘȖȊȈȓȖ ȌȍȓȈ ǹȐȕȌȐȒȈȚȈ ǴȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ǯȔȍȧ ǿȚȖ
Ȏ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ Ȕȕȍ ȎȈȓȤ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȐ-
Țȍ ȇ șȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȘțȟȐȚȤ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ
ȏȍȔȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȧȔȐ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȕȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȦ ǶȌȕȈ-
ȒȖ ǨȓȤȜȖȕș Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȍȝȈȚȤ ș ȕȈȔȐ
— ǯȌȍșȤ ȔȖȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȏȌȍșȤ ȧ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕțșȤ —
ǰ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ șȖ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ — Ǩ ȍșȓȐ
ǩȐȓȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȌțȔȈȓ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ
ǵȈȔ ȗȖȊȍȏȓȖ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȍ Ȕȣ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȖșȓȈȓ
ȠȓȦȗȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȉȘȈȚȤ ȕȈș ǬȎȐȔȔȐ Ȑ ȧ ȖȉȔȍȕȧȓȐșȤ ȒȘȍȗȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȘțȒȖȗȖȎȈȚȐȧȔȐ ș ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȖȔ Ȑ ȊȏȖȑȌȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ȕȣ
ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȗȖȒȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȕȍ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȊȌȈȓȐ
ȅȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ — Ȑ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ Ȕȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ Ȗȉ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȍ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ǹȐȕȌȐȒȈȚ
ǴȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ǯȔȍȧ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșȗȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǩȐȓ-
ȓȐ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȋ ȘȈșȡȍȓȐȕȍ


©ɂ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɫɟɡɨɧ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɦɟɹ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɚɹ ɧɟɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɚɹ
ɜɵɯɨɞɤɚ ɫɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɟɬɱɢɤɨɜª Ɉɛɥɨɠɤɚ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ
©ɉɚɤª (1895).


DZȡȐȓȞțȓȞ ǺȜȞȞȖȟ
ǺǼǾǿǸǼǷ ǵǺdzǷ
(1907)


165
Ȑ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ țșȣ Ȉ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖ
ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȘȈȒțȠȒȈȔȐ DzȐȗȓȐȕȋ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȐȕȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ șȕȐȓșȧ — ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȓ Ȑȏ ȚțȔȈȕȈ șȊȖȦ șȓȍȗțȦ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋț Ȑ ȧ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ
— Ƕȕ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȍ șȥȘ" — ȊșȚȘȍȗȍȕțȓșȧ ǪȐȕȒȓȍȘ
— ǬȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ — ǬȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȚȘȖȗȐȒȈȝ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȍ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ ȊȖȌț Ȑȏ
ȋȓțȉȐȕ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȚțȔȈȕ
— ǴȖȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȐȕȒȓȍȘ — ǵȖ
Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȉȍȓȣȔ Ȑ șȓȍȗȣȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ — ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȘȈȏȖȟȈ-
ȘȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȞȊȍȚȈ țȋȘȧ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ
ȖȉȘȖș ȘȈȒțȠȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȏȔȍȑ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ DzȐȗȓȐȕȋȈ ǰ ȟȚȖ țșȚȘȖȐȓ
ȚȖȚ ȏȔȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȖȝ"
— ǵȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ țȎȈșȕȖ ȐșȗțȋȈȕ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ
ȘȈȕȍȕ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȍȔȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȧ Ȑ țȔȍȘ Ȉ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȘțȋȈ ȗȓȈȊȈ-
ȓȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȊȍȊȈȓȖ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȝ ȕȖ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ Ȉ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
— ǴȖȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȐȕȒȓȍȘ — ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘȍȋțȓȧȘȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȗȖȓȖȝ — ȌȖ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ǩȣȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȕȍ ȚȘȖ-
ȗȐȒȈȝ Ȉ ȗȘȧȔȖ ț ǹȈȕȌȐ-ǽțȒ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȐȝ ȓȈȑȕȍ-
ȘȖȊ ǹȚȖȧȓ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȌȣȔȕȣȑ ȚțȔȈȕ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ Ȋ ȌȘȍȑȜȍ
ǵȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȠȚȖȘȔȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȚȐȝȐȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ǰ ȕȐ ȏȊț-
ȒȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ șȐȘȍȕȣ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ ȞȍȓȣȔ ȔȐȕțȚȈȔ
Ȑ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ Ǫ ȖȌȕț ȚȈȒțȦ ȚȐȝțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț șȚȖȧȓȐ
Ȕȣ ț ȉȖȘȚȈ ș ǩȘȍȑȕȐ ǴȈȒ-ǫȈȕȖȔ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȗȈȘȕȍȔ ǽȖȌȎ
ȍȋȖ ȏȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȗȓȍȊȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ
șȓȣȠȐȔ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȌȖȓȋȐȑ șȊȐșȚȧȡȐȑ ȏȊțȒ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ
ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȗȈȘ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȓȍșȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȕȈȉȍȋȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȉȍ-
Șȍȋ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ ǩȘȍȑȕȐ
— ǩțȌȚȖ ȗȈȘ șȗțșȒȈȦȚ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȧ — Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
ȊȖȌȈ ȗȓȍȡȍȚșȧ Ȗ șȒȈȓț
— ǵȍȚ ȏȌȍșȤ șȒȈȓ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǩȘȍȑȕȐ
— Ǩ ȊȌȘțȋ ȥȚȖ ȠȐȗȐȚ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ" — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǽȖȌȎ
— ǷȈȘȍȕȤ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȧ — ȗȖȖșȚȍȘȍȋȐșȤ ȕȍ ȕȈȒȓȐȒȈȑ ȉȍ-
Ȍȣ ǶșȚȈȊȤ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȑ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ Ȑ ȖȕȐ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȕțȚ


167
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ șȥȘ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǩȘȍȑȕȐ — ǫȓȧȌȐȚȍ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ
Ǵȣ șȔȖȚȘȐȔ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȈș Ȑȏ ȚțȔȈȕȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȣȗȓȣȊȈȍȚ ȓȖȌ-
ȒȈ — ȗțșȚȈȧ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȟȚȖ ǩȘȍȑȕȐ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȓ
ȍȍ ȉȈȋȘȖȔ ǰȏ ȉȖȘȚȈ ȉȣȓ ȊȣȘȊȈȕ ȒțșȖȒ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȔ ș șȖȓȖȔȍȕ-
ȕțȦ Ƞȓȧȗț șȥȘ ǭȋȖ ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȣȋȘȣȏȓȐ ǰ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ șȥȘ ȓȖȌȒȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȊȈȓȍȕȈ ȘȣȉȖȑ" ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘȣȉȍȠȒȐ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ǸȣȉȈȒ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȑ ȘȣȉȈ ȚȖȎȍ Ǵȣ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȒȘȐȟȐȔ ǰ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȍȔșȧ
ǶȚȊȍȚ șȥȘ ȌȖȕȖșȐȚșȧ șȊȍȘȝț șȓȖȊȕȖ ȚȈȔ ȗȘȖȘȊȈȓȖ ȚȘțȉț.
Ǵȣ ȖȚ ȐșȗțȋȈ ȗȘȐșȍȌȈȍȔ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȔșȧ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȐȔ ȊȊȍȘȝ ǰ
ȚȈȔ șȥȘ Ȋ șȖȘȖȒȈ ȜțȚȈȝ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȔȈȟȚȈȔȐ ȉȖȓȚȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȏȔȍȧ șȐȌȧȡȈȧ ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȔ Țȍȓȍ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȍ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ǷȈșȚȤ ȏȔȍȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ Ȑ ȧ ȊȐȎț
ȘȧȌȣ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȏțȉȖȊ ȏȈȋȕțȚȣȝ Ȓ ȋȖȘȓț Ȉ ȧȏȣȒ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȍȚ
ȒȈȒ ȔțȠȐȕȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ Ȑȏ
ȥȚȖȑ ȗȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȈȝȕȍȚ ȖȕȖ șȥȘ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȔ ȌȖȝȓȣȝ Șȣȉ ȏȈȒȖ-
ȗȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȚȘȣȚȣȝ ǷȖȚȖȔ șȥȘ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȖȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ
ȕȈȔ ȇ ȒȘȐȟț Ȑ ȖȚȠȈȚȣȊȈȦșȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǿȍȘȍȏ șȍȒțȕȌț
ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦ Ȑ ȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ ȏȔȍȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ǽȖȌȎȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț Ȋȣ-
șȖȚȣ ȔȈȟȚȣ Ȉ ȚȖȚ șȊȐșȈȍȚ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȗȈșȚȐ — ȏȔȍȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ
ȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȦșȚȧȔȐ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȒȈȒ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȗȈȓȒț
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȖȗțșȒȈȦȚșȧ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȈȦȚ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ
ǷȖȔȕȦ Ȕȣ ș ǩȘȍȑȕȐ Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ șȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒțȟȒț ȝȕȣ-
ȒȈȓȐ Ȑ ȘȣȌȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȗȤȧȕȣȍ Ȉ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț șȗȖȓȏȓȐ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ
ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȋȖȘȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȐ Șȣȉȣ
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȕȣ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȖȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ
— ǰȌȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȚȈȒȖȍ ǴȈȒ-ǫȈȕ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ǩȘȍȑȕȐ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȌȊȈ ȠȈȋȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
— ǵȍ ȔȖȋț — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȕ
— ȇ ȗȖȑȌț — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȐȌȍȚ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚț Ȑ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ ș ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȖȔ
— ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȑȌț — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǩȘȍȑȕȐ
Ǵȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȔșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț Ȑ ȚȈȔ șȥȘ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȒȈȒ ǽȖȌȎ
ȗȍȘȍȓȍȏȈȍȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȓȈȕȠȐȘȤ ǶȌȍȎȌȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ Ȋșȧ ȔȖȒȘȈȧ Ȗȕ
ȊȍșȤ Ȋ șȓȐȏȐ Ȑ ȗȈȝȕȍȚ ȌȖȝȓȖȑ ȘȣȉȖȑ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȕ


Ǵȣ șȗțșȒȈȍȔșȧ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȊȣȗȐȊȈȍȔ ȍȡȍ ǷȤȍȔ ș ȟȈș ȐȓȐ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ
— ǿȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ǽȖȌȎ"
— ǸȈȌȐ ǩȖȋȈ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǽȖȌȎ — ȕȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȑȚȍ
Ƕȕ ȔȖȓȟȐȚ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ȗȖȒȈ Ȕȣ ȏȈșȣȗȈȍȔ ȍȋȖ
ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȔȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
— DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȧ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȍ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
Ȏț ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ.
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȌȈ ȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȊȖ ȟȚȖ țȋȖȌ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȦ
— ǰ Ȕȣ ș ǩȘȍȑȕȐ ȚȖȎȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȧ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǽȖȌȎ — ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț
ǯȔȍȑ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȊȣȗȓȦȕțȓ
ǰ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȗȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǹ ȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ Ȗȕ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ
ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓșȧ șȚȈȓ șȈȔ ȕȍ șȊȖȑ ǪșȒȖȘȍ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȏȈȊȍȓ
ȜȍȘȔț Ȋ ǨȘȐȏȖȕȍ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ țȒțșȐȓȈ ȋȘȍ-
ȔțȟȈȧ ȏȔȍȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȔȍȘ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ-ȒȈ ǪȐȕȒȓȍȘ — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ — Ǩ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȏȈ-
ȕȍș Ȋ șțȌȖȊȖȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ ȏȈȗȐșȤ Ȗ ȏȔȍȍ"
— ǵȍȚ șȥȘ — ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ǪȐȕȒȓȍȘ — ǹțȌȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȣ ȍȋȖ
ȉȣ țȊȖȓȐȓȐ
— ȅȚȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȧ — ǰ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Țȣ ȊȐȌȍȓ"
— ǬȈ șȥȘ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȐȕȒȓȍȘ — ǵȖ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ
ȖȕȐ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȦȚșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȟȈșȚȖ


ǿǨǹǺȄ
ǪǺǶǸǨȇ


ǮțȜțȖȚ
ǺǼǾǿǸǼǷ ǵǺdzǷ ǿǽǮǿǮdzȀ ǸǼǺǮǻDzȁ
(1910)


172
ǺǼǾǿǸǼǷ ǵǺdzǷ ǿǽǮǿǮdzȀ ǸǼǺǮǻDzȁ
ǸȜȞȎȏșȪ ȕȎȦȠȖșȓȐȎȐȦȖȗ ȡ ǿȎȞȑȎȟȟȜȐȎ ȚȜȞȭ ȝȜșȡȥȎȓȠ
țȓȜȔȖȒȎțțȡȬ ȝȜȚȜȧȪ ȜȠ ȡȔȎȟțȜȑȜ ȥȡȒȜȐȖȧȎ
ǹȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȑ ȜȘȍȋȈȚ ©ǷȍȕșȈȒȖȓȈª ȠȚȐȓȍȊȈȓ Ȋ ȓȖȠȈȌȐȕȣȝ
ȠȐȘȖȚȈȝ ǵȐ ȍȌȐȕȖȍ ȌțȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȕȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȘț-
șȈ ȊȧȓȖ Ȑ ȌȘȧȉȓȖ șȊȐșȈȊȠȐȍ ș Șȍȑ ǵȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȖșȤ —
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȈȟȚȣ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȓȐșȤ ȚȖ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ ȚȖ ȊȓȍȊȖ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȑ ȏȣȉȐ ǩȓȖȒȐ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ
ȗȖȚȘȍșȒȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȐșȠȐȍ ȒȈȕȈȚȣ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȝȓȖȗȈȓȐ
Ȗ ȗȈȘțșȈ ǷȈȓțȉȈ ȉȣȓȈ șțȝȈ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȓȈȧ ȒȖșȚȤ ȗȖȌ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȌȖșȒȐ ȕȈșȚȐȓȈ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȒȐȗȧȡȈȧ șȔȖȓȈ ȉțȌȚȖ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȈȘȖȟȕȣȑ ȒȖȚȍȓ
ǻ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȖȉȣȟȕȈȧ ȌȖȓȋȈȧ ȗȖșȓȍȖȉȍȌȍȕȕȈȧ
șȐȍșȚȈ Ȗȕ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȊȈȕȕȍ ȊȗȐȚȣȊȈȧ ȊșȍȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ șȊȍȎțȦ Ȗȝ-
ȓȈȎȌȍȕȕțȦ ȐșȗȈȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȌț — ȐȕȈȟȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ șȊȈ-
ȘȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȎȈȘȍ ǬȊȍȘȐ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȦȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘȖȊ șȕȧȚȣ Ȑ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ
ȏȈșȓȖȕȧȓȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț ȊȐȌ ȕȈ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȍȍ ȔȖȘȍ
DzȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ Ȗ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȔ ȒȖȔ-
ȜȖȘȚȍ ǻ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȈȕȕ ȒțȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȋȘț-
ȏȐȚȤșȧ ȌȈ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈșȣ ȗȐȚȤȍȊȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȐșȚȖȡȈȓȐșȤ ǵȈ
Ȑȝ ȐșȝțȌȈȊȠȐȝ ȓȐȞȈȝ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕ șȚȘȈȝ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȠȚȐȓȤ
ȏȈȚȧȕȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȐȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ" ǶȕȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ ț ȜȈȓȤȠȉȖȘȚȖȊ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȊȣȐșȒȐȊȈȧ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍ ȓȦȉȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȊ
— ǽȈȕș ǽȈȕșȍȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ Țȣ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǽȈȔȔȍȘȜȍșȚȍ —
șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ — ȅȚȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ"
— ǬȈ șȥȘ — șȓȈȉȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǽȈȕș
— ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȓȍȏȈȑ ȕȈ ȕȈȒȚȖțȏ șȔȖȚȘȐ ȕȈ ȏȦȑȌ-ȊȍșȚ Ȑ Ȋȣ-
șȊȐșȚȣȊȈȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ǰ ȋȓȧȌȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȓțȟȠȈȧ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȧ
Ȋ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȚțȗȖȑ ȉȈȠȒȍ ǵȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȌȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ șȖȉȈȟȤȍȑ ȊȈȝ-
Țȣ — ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȠȤșȧ Ȋ ȜȖȘȗȐȒ Ȓ ǹȒȤȧȘșȍȕț
— ǹȓțȠȈȦșȤ șȓțȠȈȦșȤ șȥȘ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǽȈȕș ȏȈȉȐȘȈȧșȤ
ȕȈ șȚȖȑȒț ȕȈȒȚȖțȏȈ


173
ǭȋȖ ȋȖȓȖș ȌȘȖȎȈȓ Ȑ ȏȊțȟȈȓ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȌțȠȍȕȕȖ ǽȈȕș
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȜȖȘȗȐȒȈ ǻ ǹȒȤȧȘșȍȕȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȠȓȖ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȎȌȣ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȈȓȖ Ƕȕ șȚȈȓ ȕȈșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȊȍșȍȓțȦ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȦ
ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȧ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȕȖ Ȋ șȒȘȐȗȍ ȉȓȖȒȖȊ Ȑ ȝȓȖȗȈȕȤȍ ȗȘȖȊȐșȠȐȝ
șȕȈșȚȍȑ ȖȕȈ ȏȊțȟȈȓȈ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȍșȕȍȑ
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȖ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȣȔ ȓȐȞȈȔ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȓȈșȤ
șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȖșȚȤ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȍ Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȍ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ șȗȘȈȊȈ ȗȖ ȕȖșț Ȑ ȕȣȘȕțȓȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ǽȈȕș
șȓȍȚȍȓ ș ȕȈȒȚȖțȏȈ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȗȓȦȝȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț DzȖȘȈȉȓȤ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȉȓȖȒȐ șȔȖȓȒȓȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȔȍȘ-
ȓȖ Ȋ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍȕșȒȖȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ
ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ țșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șț-
Ȕȍȓ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ǹȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȈȧ ȚȖȓȡȈ ȊȖȌȣ ȘȖȊȕȖ țȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȓ ȋȖ-
ȘȐȏȖȕȚț
— Ǫșȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ țȕȣȓȖ ȗȖ-
ȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ — Ǵȣ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ǹȈȘȋȈșșȖȊȈ ȔȖȘȧ
ǵȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ǹȚȈȘȣȍ ȠȒȐ-
ȗȍȘȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȊȖȌȈȝ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒȐȍ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ǶȕȐ ȏȈȉȐȘȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȒțȉȘȐȒȐ Ȑ țȕȖșȧȚ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ ȕȈ
ȌȕȖ
— ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓ șȥȘ ȟȚȖ ǹȈȘȋȈșșȖȊȖ ȔȖȘȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȍȚ ș ȔȍșȚȈ
ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ǹȈȔȣȑ ȓțȟȠȐȑ ȔȖȘȧȒ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȍȚ ȗȖ-
ȒȈ ȕȍ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȖȗțȚȈȕ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȧȔȐ, — Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȖȐȏ-
ȕȍș ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ
ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ ǵȐȒ-
ȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȐșȚȖȠȕȖ ȏȈȊȖȗȐȓ ȏȖȊȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ
DzȖȘȔȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȉȒȈ ȌȖșȒȐ
șȒȘȐȗȍȓȐ ȉțȌȚȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȓȦȉțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȘȈȏȓȍȚȍȚȤșȧ
Ȋ ȡȍȗȣ ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ ȏȈȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȐȔ ȋȘȖȏȐȓȈ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȖȟțȚȐȚȤ-
șȧ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ
ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔț ȗȍȘȍȋȕțȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȘȍȓȐȕȋ
Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ ȊȖȓȕ șȚȖȜțȚȖȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȖȑ ȟȍȠțȍȑ ǪȖȓȖșȣ ȊșȚȈȓȐ ȌȣȉȖȔ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ Ȋ
țȎȈșȍ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȒȈȦȚȍ ȋȌȍ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȎțȚȒȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ șȖȌȘȖ-
ȋȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȔȈșșț ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȟȍȠțȍȒ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ șțȔȍȓȐ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ
ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț Ǫșȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȗȈȕȐȒȍ


174
ȀȒȐȗȍȘ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȕȍ ȏȘȧ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȟȍȠțȑȟȈȚȣȑ ȔȖȕșȚȘ
ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȊ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȒȖȘȔȖȊȖȑ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈȌ
ȉȖȘȚȐȒȖȔ ȊȈȕȕȣ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȗȘȖșțȕțȓ ȒȖȓȖș-
șȈȓȤȕțȦ ȔȖȘȌț Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕț Ȑ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȔȖȘȧȒȈ ǩȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȖȘȖȋȖȊȍȊȠȐȑ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ țȗȍȘșȧ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍ-
ȊȧȕȕțȦ ȘȈȔț ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȔȖȕșȚȘ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȖȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ
ǵȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ șȚȈ ȜțȚȖȊ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȗȣȚȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖȚȧȕțȚȤșȧ ȌȖ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǫȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ ȝȊȖșȚ ȉȐȓ ȗȖ ȊȖȌȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓ ȊȖȓȕȣ
ǷȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ țȌȈȘȍ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȘȈȏȐȕțȚțȦ ȗȈșȚȤ ȐșȚȍȒȈȦȡțȦ șȓȐȏȤȦ Ȑ ȗȖȘȖșȠțȦ
ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȧȔȐ ǬȊȈ ȌȍȘȋȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȒȈ-
ȗȐȚȈȕț ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǭȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȊȣȓȍȏȓȐ
Ȑȏ ȖȘȉȐȚ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȏȈȓȍȌȍȕȍȓȈ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȎȈȘț țȎȈș ȊȣȍȌȈȓ
ȔȖȏȋ ǹ ȌȐȒȐȔ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ Ȗȕ ȓȐȠȐȓșȧ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȑ țȗȈȓ Ȋ ȊȖȌț
ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȈȧ ȊȓȈȋȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ țșȗȍȓ
ȏȈȝȓȍȉȕțȚȤșȧ
ǯȔȍȑ ȠȐȗȍȓ Ȑ ȗȓȍȊȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ șȖȓȍȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȖȚ-
ȟȈȧȕȕȖ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȗȘȖȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȜțȚȖȊ ǶȟȍȊȐȌ-
ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȓ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈ ǶȚ
ȔȖȡȕȣȝ ȊȏȔȈȝȖȊ ȍȋȖ ȝȊȖșȚȈ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ șȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȗȓȣȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǽȈȕșț ǽȈȕșȍ-
ȕț
— Dz ȠȚțȘȊȈȓț ǬȍȘȎȐ ȕȈ ȕȖȘȌ-ȕȖȘȌ-ȊȍșȚ
ǶȞȍȕȐȊ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈȔ șȚȈȚȤ ȗȖ
ȔȍșȚȈȔ Ȉ șȚȈȘȠȍȔț ȔȈȚȘȖșț ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȏȈȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȓȈȋ Ȑ țșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȚȤ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ©ǷȍȕșȈȒȖȓȈª ȒȈȒ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȓȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ țȏȓȖȊ Ȋ ȟȈș ǻȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȕȍ
Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȗȘȖȚȐșȕțȚȤșȧ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚț ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ
Ȓ ȊȍȕȚȐȓȧȞȐȖȕȕȖȔț ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȦ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț
— ȅȑ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȊȖȗȐȚȤ Ǫȣ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ǯȔȍȑ ȌȖ ȊȈș ȕȍ
ȌȖȉȍȘȍȚșȧ ǻșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ
ǵȍȓȤȏȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȠȓȖ ȋȓȈȌȒȖ ǯȔȍȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖ-
ȕȍȔȕȖȋț ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȥȕȚțȏȐȈȏȔ ȐȓȐ ȈȗȗȍȚȐȚ Ȑ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖ ȗȖȌȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȓ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ


175
— ǺȈȒ ȕȍ ȋȖȌȐȚșȧ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ — ǵțȎȕȖ ȍȋȖ
ȘȈșȠȍȊȍȓȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȊȈȓȧȚȤșȧ Ȋ
ȊȈȕȕȍ
Ƕȕ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ ȠȊȈȉȘț Ȑ șȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒțȦ
ȒȈȦȚț
— ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ Ȑ ȗȖȡȍȒȖȟȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȒȖȔ — ȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ — ǹȌȍȓȈȑȚȍ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȊȞȍȗȐȚȤșȧ ȍȔț Ȋ
ȋȓȖȚȒț ǬȈȑȚȍ ȍȔț ȗȐȕȒȈ ȗȖ ȕȖșț ȗȖȌȍȘȋȈȑȚȍ ȏȈ țșȣ dzȐȠȤ
ȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȝȊȖșȚ ȏȈȌȍȘȋȈȓșȧ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȉȍȘȍ-
ȚȍșȤ Ȑȏ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȊȈȕȕȣ
ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ țșȓȣȠȈȊ ȥȚȐ țȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȠȓȖ Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ
ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ Ƕȕ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ș ȌțȝȖȔ Ȑ țȋȖșȚȐȓ ȏȔȍȧ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȣȔ
ȚțȔȈȒȖȔ ǻȌȈȘ ȗȘȐȠȍȓșȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȖ ȕȖșț ǰȏ ȏȔȍȧ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ
ȊȣȓȐȓȖșȤ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȌȣ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ țȚȖȕțȓ ǶȚȊȘȈ-
ȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ șȖȌȘȖȋȕțȓȖșȤ ȖȚ ȧȘȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȣ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ
ȝȊȖșȚ ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ ȊȏȉȐȓ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȜȘȍȋȈȚ șȚȈȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȈȉȐȘȈȚȤ
șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ
— ǺȈȒ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǯȈȌȈȑȚȍ ȍȔț ǹȒȖȘȖ Ȕȣ Ȋȣȉȍ-
ȘȍȔșȧ ȖȚșȦȌȈ — ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȠȒȐȗȍȘ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȠȊȈȉȘȖȑ ǻȌȈȘȣ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȖș Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȓȐȏȐșȚȖȍ ȕȨȉȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȖȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ǿȍȔ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ Ȗȕ ȖȘțȌȖ-
ȊȈȓ ȠȊȈȉȘȖȑ ȚȍȔ ȟȈȡȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȊȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȓȖ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ ȋȖ-
ȕȧ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȈȒ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȑ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȤ ǹȒȖȘȖșȚȤ ȊȖȏȘȖș-
ȓȈ ȌȖ  țȏȓȖȊ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȌȖ  Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȧșȤ ȕȍ ȖȗȓȖȠȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ țȌȈȟȕȣȑ ȔȈȕȍȊȘ șȖ ȠȊȈȉ-
ȘȖȑ ǴȖȘȍ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȖ ȕȖș ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȊșȗȍȕȐȊȈȓ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘȍ-
ȏȈȓ ȊȖȓȕȣ
ǶȕȐ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ș ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȗȖȒȈ ȌȈȓȍ-
ȒȖ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȓȍȒȓȖȍ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȗȧȚȕȣȠȒȖ
ǷȖ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ ȒȘȐȒ
— ǶȉȓȈȒȖ ǶȉȓȈȒȖ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȓȍȎȈ Ȋ ȊȈȕȕȍ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȘȐȒ Ȑ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȕȖ
ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȊȍȕȚȐȓȧȞȐȖȕȕȖȔț ȖȚȊȍȘ-
șȚȐȦ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȟȚȖ ȠȊȈȉȘȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȈ ǪȕȐȏ șȗțșȚȐ-
ȓȐ ȓȐȕȤ Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȊȣȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț


ɗ ȼɟɞɞɟɪ Ʌɟɠɛɢɳɟ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɦɟɹ 


ǺȖȣȎȖș ǽȓȞȐȡȣȖț
ǵdzǹdzǻǮȍ ǿǺdzǾȀȊ
(1911)


179
ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ǹȖȓȖȔȖȕȖȊȣȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈȝ Ǫȣ ȓțȟȠȍ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȗȘȖșȐȚȍ șȗȘȖșȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕȈ ǹȔȐȚȈ
ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ǹȖȓȖȔȖȕȖȊȣ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ"
ȇ ȊȈȔ șȒȈȎț
Ǫȣ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȐ
ǹȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª"
ǵȍȚ"
ǵț ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȘȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ
ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ©ǯȍ-
ȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª ȕȖ…
ǵȖ șȈȔ ȍȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȊȖȐȔȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
Ǫȣ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚȍ ȒȚȖ ȥȚȖ"
ȇ ȊȈȔ ȖȚȊȍȟț
— DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ș ©ǹțȏȐ ǩȓȐȋª ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕ ǹȔȐȚ ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ ȧ
ǩȘȈȊȣȑ ȔȖȘȧȒ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ
ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍșȒȖȑ ȗȐȘțȠȒȍ Ȋ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȚȈȊȍȘȕȍ ȕȈ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȍ ǨȓȐȐ
șȚȖȓȐȞȣ ǹȈȔȖȈ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȖȗțșȚȍȊȠțȦ ȒȘțȎȒț Ȑ ȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ȝȖȏȧȐȕț ȒȈȉȈȟȒȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔț ȒțȘȟȈȊȖȔț ȕȍȋȘț ǰȍȏȍȒȐȐ-
ȓȦ
— ȅȑ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȕȞ
— ǿȚȖ ȔȈșșȈ" — ȖȚȒȓȐȒȕțȓșȧ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȑ ȕȍȋȘ


180
— ȅȓȦ ǬȈ ȗȖȒȘȍȗȟȍ ȗȖȓțȟȠȍ șȖȘȚȖȔ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦ Ȗ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐª ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȋȓȖȚȒȈ ȗȍȘȍșȣȝȈȍȚ Ȑ ȍȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ șȔȈȟȐȊȈȚȤ Ǩ
ȚȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȍȑ șțȝȖșȚȐ
ȋȖȘȓȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȟȍȘȚ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ ǵȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ șțșȚȈȊȕȖȑ ȘȍȊȔȈȚȐȏȔ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȐȍ
șȓȍȗȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȒȐȠȒȐ Ǩ ȗȘȐ ȔȖȍȔ șȓȈȉȖȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ ȥȚȖ
Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȝțȎȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ ǹȔȍȘȚȐª ȒȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖ ǺȈȒ ȌȈȊȈȑ Ȏȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȈȚȘȐȈȘȝ ȒȘțȎȒț ȥȓȦ
ǶȉȡȐȑ ȝȖȝȖȚ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ǹȔȐȚȈ ȒȈȏȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋȣ-
ȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ Ȑȏ șȚȈȓȐ Ȗ ©șȓȈȉȖșȚȐª ȍȋȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ
ǹȔȐȚ șȓȈȊȐȓșȧ șȊȖȍȦ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ Ȓ ȥȓȦ
Ƕȕ ȔȖȋ ȉȍȏȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȚȤ ȕȍȐȔȖȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȧșȤ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȐȔ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧȔ ȕȖ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ ȗȘȐ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȒȈȎ-
ȌȖȑ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȘțȎȒȐ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȔȖȚȐȊȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȐȔȍȕȕȖ
Ȗȕ ȝȖ ȟȍȚ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȒȘțȎȒț
ǺȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȏȧȉ Ȑ ȍȔț ȕȈȌȖ șȖȋȘȍȚȤșȧ Ȉ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȓțȟ-
Ƞȍȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȥȓȤ
ǺȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȎȈȘȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȌȖȝȕțȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȕȈȌȖ
ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȒȘțȎȍȟȒț ȥȓȦ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖșȊȍȎȐȚȤșȧ
ǭșȓȐ ȐȌȍȚ ȌȖȎȌȤ ȚȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȣȘ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȌȕȖ
Ȍȓȧ șȓȈȉȖȋȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǹȔȐȚȈ ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȗȈșȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȝȓȍȉȕțȚȤ ȥȓȦ
ǺȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȕȖșȐȚ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȗȣȓȐ Ȉ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒȈȒ
ȊȘȍȌȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȣȓȤ ȖșȍȌȈȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȍ Ȑ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȓțȟȠȍ
ȥȓȧ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȗȖȓȖșȒȈȚȤ ȋȖȘȓȖ
ǷȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȑ ȕȈȗȐȚȖȒ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǹȔȐȚ Ȑ ȖȚ ȕȈșȔȖȘ-
ȒȈ Ȑ ȖȚ ȕȍșȊȈȘȍȕȐȧ ȎȍȓțȌȒȈ Ȑ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȐ Ȑ ȖȚ«
ǬȈ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȕȍȌțȋȖȊ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȖȌȖȓȍ-
ȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȍȔț ȋȘȖȏȐȊȠȐȝ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ
Ǫ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȐȟȐȕ ȗȖȉțȎȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȕțȚȤ Ȓ ȥȓȦ,
Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍțȚȖȔȐȔ Ȑ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȏȈșȚȈȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ȊȘȈșȗȓȖȝ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȓȈȏȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȗȖȌȝȖ-
ȌȧȡȐȔ șȓȖȊȍȟȒȖȔ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ
ȅȚț șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǹȔȐȚȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ
ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȑ șȗȖȘȚ
ȔȖȓȖȌȞȣ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȖȚȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȟȐ-


181
ȕȣ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȍȚ ǹȔȐȚ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȗȈȘț ȓȐȠȕȐȝ
ȒȘțȎȍȒ ȥȓȧ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ șȓȖȊȍȟȒȖ ©ȓȐȠȕȐȑ ȥȓȤª ȗȖ șțȡȍșȚȊț ȔȈȓȖ șȖ-
ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȐșȚȐȕȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȓ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȐȔȖȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐ-
ȟȍșȚȊȖ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȧșȤ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ©ȕȐ Ȋ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȔ ȋȓȈȏȍª
ǰ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ©ǷȘȐȦȚ ȔȖȘȧȒȈª ȗȖșȓȍ ȐȏȘȧȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȖȗȖȑȒȐ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ
țȎȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȖȑ ȗȖșȓȖ-
ȊȐȞȍ ȓȣȒȈ ȕȍ ȊȧȎȍȚ șȈȔ ǹȔȐȚ ȔȖȋ ȐȌȚȐ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ
ȌȖșȒȍ ȕȐȟțȚȤ ȕȍ țȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ ȖȚ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȕȍ ȠȈȚȈȧșȤ
Ƕȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-
ȚȖ ȟȍȘȚ ȚțȔȈȕț ȕȈȕȖșȐȚ
ǵȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȌȖȉȈȊȓȧȓ
— ȅȝ ȎȈȓȖșȚȤ ȚȈȒȈȧ ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȍȡȍ
ȒȘțȎȍȟȒț ȝȓȖȗȕțȚȤ ȅȓȤ ȊȍȌȤ ȟțȌȍșȕȖ ȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȖȟȐȡȈȍȚ DzȈ-
ȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚțȔȈȕ Ȉ ȝȓȖȗȕȍȠȤ ȒȘțȎȍȟȒț Ȑ șȘȈȏț Ȋșȍ ȧșȕȖ
ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ
Dz ȟȍșȚȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǹȔȐȚȈ ȕȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȗȕ
ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓ ȌȈȕȤ ǩȈȝțșț ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȡȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȥȓȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍ-
ȋț ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȕȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ țȎȍ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈ
șțȌȤȉț ©ǹțȏȐ ǩȓȐȕȋª ȍȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȉȖȑȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȈȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȐȒȈ
ǵȈ ȔȖȘȍ ǹȔȐȚ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȜȖȘȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȘȍȏȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑ
ȉȍȏ ȚȘțȌȈ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȒȈȕȌȐȌȈȚțȘț Ȋ ȗȖȟȍȚȕȣȍ
ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚȣ ȓȦȉȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ șȖ șȗȐȘȚȕȣȔȐ ȕȈȗȐȚ-
ȒȈȔȐ
Ǩ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ©ȗȖȌȒȖȓȌȣȒȐȊȈȓª
ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȧȓ ȗȐȚȤ Ȉ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȋȖ-
ȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ Ȋ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȐ
— Ǻȣ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ șȔȖȚȘȐ ǹ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȈ ȕȍ ȉȍ-
ȘȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȧ ǷȖȚȖȔț ȧ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȎțșȤ Ȗȑ șȖȊșȍȔ-
ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ ȋȖȎțșȤ
ǪȐȌȐȠȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȕȧȕȤȒȈ ȔȖȧ șȣȋȘȈȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ șȒȊȍȘ-
ȕțȦ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȋȈȕțȦ ȠțȚȒț
ǪșȒȈȘȔȓȐȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȘȖȎȒȍ Ǫ ȘȖȎȖȒ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȌȐȕ
ȘȈȏ ȕȈȓȐȚȤ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȚțȌȈ ȕȈȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ Țȍȗ-


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ȓȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȟȒȈ Ǩ ȥȚȈ ȋȓțȗȈȧ ȉȈȉȈ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȗȖ ȖȠȐȉȒȍ ȕȍ ȚȖ ș
ȗȤȧȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȌȈ ȕȈȓȐȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȘȖȎȖȒ ȥȓȦ
ǵț ș ȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȖ«
Ǩ Țȍȉȧ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ ȚȊȖȧ ȔȈȔȈȠȈ ȥȓȍȔ ȕȍ ȕȈȗȈȐȊȈȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ
Țȣ ȍȡȍ ©ȗȈȗȈ ȔȈȔȈª ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ" ǵț ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ
Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȈȚȤ ȕȈȗȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ-șȊȐȕșȒȐ ǪȣȗȐȓ ȕȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ
Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ǷȓȈȚȐ Ȑ țȝȖȌȐ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ Ȋ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ șȐȌȍȚȤ
ȚȖ șȐȌȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȏ ȊȣȗȐȊȒȐ
ǶȚ ȊȣȗȐȊȒȐ ȕȈ ȌțȠȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓțȟȠȍ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ Ȉ Ȍȓȧ
ȔȈȚȘȖșșȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȖȉȐȌȕȖ
Ǩ țȎ ȍșȓȐ ț Țȍȉȧ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȠȕȐȝ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ ȏȈȊȍȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒ
Țȣ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȌȘțȋ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐ ȟȚȖ ț Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȌȐ șȚȈȘțȝȈ-
ȔȈȚȤ ȍșȚȤ"
— ǵȍȚț ǹȐȘȖȚȈ ȧ
— ǵț" ǹȒȊȍȘȕȖ ȉȘȈȚ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȕȍȚț ȚȖ ȎȍȕȈ ȍșȚȤ"
— ǽȖȓȖșȚ ȍȡȍ
— ǭȡȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȝțȎȍ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȑ Ȏȍȕȣ ȕȍȚț ȚȈȒ țȎ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ
ȍșȚȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ș ȧșȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȒȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Țȣ
ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈ ȉțȒșȐȘ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȠȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȊȈș ȚȈȔ ȖȒȘțȚȐȓȐ ȘȈȉȖȊ ǩȖȎȐȐȝ«
— ǶȕȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȔ ȍșȚȤ-ȚȈȒȐ ȚȈȒȈȧ« — ȒȖȕȜțȏȓȐȊȖ șȖȏȕȈ-
ȊȈȓșȧ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȍȧ ȔȈȚȘȖș
— ǵț ȊȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ" Ǩ ȘȈȏ ȍșȚȤ Ȗ ȒȖȔ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ Țȣ
ȌȘțȎȐȡȍ ȓțȟȠȍ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȎȐȊȈȑ ǷȐȊȖȊȈȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȊȖ-
Ȍȣ Ȑ ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ ȓȐȒȍȘȖȊ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȍ-
ȓȍȑ ȘȖȔț Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ ȕȍ ȖȉȈȕȒȘȖȚȧȚșȧ
Ǩ Țȣ șȉȍȘȍȋȐ ȗȈȘț-ȌȘțȋțȦ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ ȖȚȓȖȎȐ ȌȈ ȒțȗȐ șȊȖȍȑ
ȕȍȊȍșȚȍ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȠȈȓȤ ǵȈȞȍȗȐȚ ȖȕȈ ȚȊȖȑ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȟȍȒ
ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐȒȐ ȒȘȈșȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȉțȌȍȚ Țȍȉȧ ȌȖȉȘȣȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȊșȗȖȔȧ-
ȕȍȚǺȈȒ-ȚȖ
Ǩ ȧ ș ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȐȧ țȚȖȔȐȓșȧ Țȍȉȧ ȉȖȓȊȈȕȈ țȋȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȊȈȧ ǵȈȌȖ ȗȖȌșțȠȐȚȤșȧ
ȅȑ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ǺȈȡȐ-ȒȈ ȍȡȍ ȒȘțȎȍȟȒț ǶȌȕț ȖȌȕț ȇ ȕȍ
ȗȤȧȕȐȞȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȘȈȏț ȗȖ ȌȊȍ ȒȘțȎȒȐ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȤ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕ ǹȔȐȚ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ
ǹȖȓȖȔȖȕȖȊȣȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈȝ Ȑ Ȗ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐª Ȋ ȔȈȚȘȖșșȒȖȔ
Ȓȓțȉȍ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț Ȋ ȒȈȉȈȟȒȍ ©ǨȌȔȐȘȈȓ ǵȍȓȤșȖȕª Ȋ ǨȓȐȐ


183
ȏȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȋȘțȉȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȏȈșȍȌȈȓȖ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȌȍșȧȚ-
ȒȈ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȍȑ — Ȋșȍ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȗȘȐȧȚȍ-
ȓȐ ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕȈ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ ȊȣșȓțȠȐȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗ ȊȐȌȍȕȕȖȔ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȔ ȏȈ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ șȒȐȚȈȕȐȑ ȗȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȗȘȖșȚȖȘț
ǯȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐª ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ Ȋȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ
— ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª" — ȗȘȖȊȖȘȟȈȓ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȧ ȚȘțȉȒț ȐȏȖ
ȘȚȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǪȈȓȐȕȋȜȖȘȌ — ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ǬȈ ǿȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ" DzȚȖ" ǵȍ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȕȦ
ǵȖ«
ǵȖ ȗȘȐ ȟȍȔ Ȏȍ ȚțȚ ǹȖȓȖȔȖȕȖȊȣ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ" ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȗȖȔ-
ȕȦ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª ȥȚȖ Ȋ ǹȈȘȋȈșșȈȝ
— ǷȖȗȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖ — ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ǹȔȐȚ


184
— ǵȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȖ Ȏȍ ǵț ȚțȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȚȖȊȕȐ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ǫȖȊȖ-
ȘȧȚ ȉțȌȚȖ ȐȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȗȖȗȈȌȍȚ Ȋ ǹȈȘȋȈșșȣ Ȑ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ǴȖȘșȒȐȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȖȗȓȍȚȈȦȚ ȒȖȘȗțș șțȌ-
ȕȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ șȈȊȈȕȖȔ ȅȚȖ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ Ȑ
ȍșȚȤ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª
— ǹȓȣȠȈȓ ȏȊȖȕ ȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ — ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȚȖ-
ȏȊȈȓșȧ ǹȔȐȚ — ǹȈȘȋȈșșȣ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ Ȑ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȉȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ș șțȌȈȔȐ ȗȖ-ȔȖȍȔț ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȒȈ Ȉ ȟȐșȚȍȑȠȈȧ ȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈ ǵȖ Ȓ ȔȖȐȔ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȔ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȝȖȚȧ
ȧ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȓ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȖȒȖȓȖ ǹȈȘȋȈșșȖȊ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȓșȧ șȍ-
ȘȤȍȏȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ
ǵȖ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȍȔ șȓț-
ȟȈȍǨ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª ǹȖȓȖȔȖȕȖȊȣȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ șȈȔȈ ȗȖ șȍ-
ȉȍ ǰ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ș ǹȈȘȋȈșșȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈ-
șȚȖȧȡȈȧ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª — ȥȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȌȖȓȖȎț ȖșȖ-
ȉȈȧ ȠȚțȒȈ…
— ǬȈ Țȣ ȉȣ ȓțȟȠȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕ
— dzȈȌȕȖ ǶȚȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ" ǺȖȓȤȒȖ« ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȒțȌȈ
ǰȍȏȍȒȐȐȓȤ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȈȧ ȋȐȍȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȚȈȡȐȚ Ȕȕȍ
ȒȘțȎȒȐ ȥȓȦ ȧ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȔȖȓȊȓȦ ȧȏȣȒ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȘȈș-
ȗțȝ ǵȈȌȖ ȗȘȖȔȖȟȐȚȤ ȋȖȘȓȖ
— ǫȥȑ ǰȍȏȍȒȐȐȓȤ — ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖ-
ȊȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȔ ǹȔȐȚȈ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ — ǵȍșȐ ȥȓȤ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ
— ǬȈ ȕȍșț ȕȍșț — ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ȕȍȋȘ șȚȈȊȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǹȔȐȚȖȔ
ȕȈ șȚȖȓ șȖȓȐȌȕțȦ ȒȘțȎȒț ș ȗȍȕȐșȚȣȔ ȥȓȍȔ
— ǵț-ș șȓțȠȈȑȚȍ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǹȔȐȚ șȊȖȍ ȗȖȊȍșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȔȖȟȐȊ ȋȓȖȚȒț ȌȖȉȘȣȔ ȋȓȖȚȒȖȔ — ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȌȈ
ȔȖȚȈȑȚȍ ȕȈ țș Ǩ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ Ȋ
ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȕȈȟȝȈȚȤ ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Ȑ ȕȐ șȓȖ-
ȊȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
— ǷȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ
— ǵȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȊȈȚȤ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȐ
ǰȚȈȒ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ǩȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȣȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȍ-
ȊȍȘȕȣȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȒȖȊ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȐȝ Ȓ ȋȘțȗȗȍ ǹȖȓȖȔȖȕȖȊȣȝ
ǶȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȧ ȚțȌȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖ ȖșȖȉȖȔț șȓțȟȈȦ ȒțȗȐȓ ȧ ț
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǫȐȕȞȈ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒțª


185
— DzȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȕțȓȈ" — ȗȍȘȍșȗȘȖșȐȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ
șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȍȑ
— ǵȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǹȔȐȚ — Ȉ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȧ ȍȍ Ȑ ȒțȗȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȕțȓȈ
ȀȓȈ ȖȕȈ șȦȌȈ Ȋ ǨȗȐȦ ș ȔȍȓȒȐȔ ȋȘțȏȖȔ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȔ ș ȗȍȘȓȈȔțȚȘȖȊȣȔȐ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȈȔȐ ǵț ȗȖȗȈȓȈ Ȋ țȘȈȋȈȕ
Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ ǩȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȘȐȜ
ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ ȗȘȖȉȖȐȕț Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȔ șțȌȕȖȔ ǰȏ Ȋșȍȑ
ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȐª șȗȈșșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǫȐȕȞ
ȌȈ ȗȈȘȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ Ȑ Țȍȝ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ șȢȍȓȐ ȚțȏȍȔȞȣ ǩȓȈȋȖ


186
ȍȡȍ ȊȔȍȠȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȣ ǷȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȥȚȐ ȔȐș-
șȐȖȕȍȘȣ șȗȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȚțȏȍȔȞȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ ȗȖ ȔȖȍ-
Ȕț ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȡȍȒȖȚȓȐȊțȦ ȚȍȔț ǻȊȍȘȧȦȚ ȖȕȐ ȌȐȒȈȘȍȑ ȉțȌȚȖ
ȉȣ ȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȔȧșȈ ț ȚȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȍșȚ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȉȖȓȍȏ-
ȕȐ ȏȈȊȖȌȧȚșȧ ǪȖȓȖșȣ ȊȣȗȈȌȈȦȚ ȕȖȋȐ ȗțȝȕțȚ ȗȘȖȒȈȏȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȧȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ǹȓȖȊȖȔ ȒȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȐȕț ȍșȚ ȚȖȚ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ șȈȔ
ȗȘȖȗȈȡȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
Ǩ ȚțȏȍȔȞȣ ȚȊȍȘȌȧȚ
— DzȚȖ Șȣȉț ȍșȚ ȟȈșȚȖ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȍȍ ȔȧșȖȔ DzȚȖ șȊȐȕȐ-
ȕț ȍșȚ ȚȖȚ ȟȈșȚȖ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȔțȟȍȕȐȧȝ ȗȖȔȐȘȈȍȚ«
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȣ ȗțșȚȐȓȐ Ȋ ȝȖȌ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȈȘȋțȔȍȕȚ
— ǬȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ ȔȧșȖ ȌȍșȒȈȚȤ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȊȒțșȕȖ
ǵț Ȉ ȌȐȒȈȘȐ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȐ" ǵȍȚ Ȋȣ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚȞȣ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȖȉțȑȚȍ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȓȈȋȖȓȤșȚȊțȑȚȍ«
ǹȓȖȊȖȔ șȗȖȘ ȏȈȚȧȕțȓșȧ ǰ ȟȍȔ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȣ ȚȈȒ
ȟȐșȚȖ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȌȖȊȖȌȖȔ
— ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ șȗȈșȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ ȚȈȒ ȝțȌȣ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ țȉȖȑ
ȕȍ ȋȖȌȧȚșȧ
— ǷȖȌȒȖȘȔȐȔ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȢȍȌȐȔ
— Ǩ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ Ȑȝ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȚȍ ȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊȈȔ ȜȐȕȚȐ-
ȜȓȦȠȍȒ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȔ ȕȈ Ȟȍȓȣȝ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǫȐȕȞ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȘȐ
ȠȚțȒȐ ȏȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ Ȑ ȕȐȒȍȓȍȊțȦ ȚȈȉȈȒȍȘȒț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ
ȗȖȎȍȘȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ
ǵȍ țȌȐȊȓȧȑȚȍșȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ǫȐȕȞȈ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȌȖȘȖȋȖ ȌȈȓȐ ȌȐȒȈ-
ȘȐ ǹȖȓȖȔȖȕȖȊȣȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ Ȋ Țȍ ȌȕȐ șȖȊ-
șȍȔ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȞȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȌȍȓȈȝ Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȝȐȚȘȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț șȖȊșȍȔ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȕȈȌțȚȤ Ȑȝ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȉȣ ȊȣȒțȗȐȚȤ ȊșȦ ȚȘȖȑȒț ȗȖ ȌȖȓȓȈȘț ȏȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǵȖ ȔȐșșȐȖ-
ȕȍȘȣ-ȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȖȊȐȟȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȖȞȍ-
ȕȐȓȐ ǫȐȕȞȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖ ȏȈșȓțȋȈȔ ȗȧȚȤ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȖȔȈȕȕȈȧ ȚȈȉȈȒȍȘȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȚțȏȍȔȍȞ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ
șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȕȖșȖȊțȦ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒț ȏȈșțȕțȓ șȖȗȓȍȔȍȕȕȐȒȈȔ ȕȈ
țȚȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȊȘȈȋȈȔ ȕȈ țșȚȘȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊț Ȏȍ șȊȖȍȔț ȕȈ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ
Ǩ ȖȉȈ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȏȈ ȗȧȚȤ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ ǷȖ ȌȊȈ ș ȗȖȓȚȐ-
ȕȖȦ ȖȚ ȉȈȠȒȐ


187
ǶȉȡȐȑ ȝȖȝȖȚ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ȗȉ ȖȞȍȕȒȍ ǫȐȕȞȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȝȖȝȖȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȖȓȒ ǹȔȐȚ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ǵț ȒȖȋȌȈ ǫȐȕȞ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ǨȓȐȐ ȌȈ ȘȈȏȕȍșȓȐșȤ
șȓțȝȐ Ȗ ȗȖșȚȐȋȠȍȑ ȍȋȖ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒțª țȟȈșȚȐ ȧ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȟȚȖ
ȗȘȐ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ
ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ ȚțȏȍȔȞȣ
©ǬȎȍșșȐȒțª-ȚȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ șțȌȍȕȣȠȒȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖ șȖ-
ȊȍșȚȐ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȐȒțȌȣȠȕȖȍ ǭȔț ȌȈȊȕȖ ȉȣ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȟȍșȚȤ
ȏȕȈȚȤ Ȑ șȈȔȖȔț ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȗȖȑȚȐ Ȉ ȕȍ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ-
șȧ țȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ șȓțȟȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ țȘȈȋȈȕȈ
ǵȖ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȋȘțȏ ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ ȥȚȐ șȈȔȣȍ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȣ
Ǩ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȈȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ Țȍ ȌȕȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ țȎ ȧ Ȑ șȈȔ ȗȖȟȍ-
Ȕț ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȖ șȗȘȖș ȕȈ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȣ ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ǴȖȌȈ
ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȓȈȔțȚȘ ȉȣȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ
ǰ ȉȣȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȈ ȓȦȉțȦ ȗȈȘȚȐȦ ȗȍȘ-
ȓȈȔțȚȘȈ ǽȖȚȤ ȌȊȍ-ȚȘȐ șȖȚȕȐ ȚȖȕȕ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȐ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȉȍȘȍȚ Ȑ șȓȖ-
ȊȈ ȕȍ șȒȈȎȍȚ
ǹȓȖȊȖ ȏȈ șȓȖȊȖ ș ǫȐȕȞȍȔ
— ǷȘȖȌȈȑ Ȕȕȍ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒțª șȖ ȊșȍȔ ȋȘțȏȖȔ Ǫșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ
ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȏȈșȚȘȈȝȖȊȈȕ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ Ȑ ȚȖ
ȊȣȠȍ ȒȓȖȚȐȒȖȊ Ȑ Țȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȠȤ șȚȘȈȝȖȊțȦ șțȔȔț ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ
Ǩ ȏȈ ȋȘțȏȖȔ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȍȏȍȠȤ șțȌȕȖ ȏȈ-
ȜȘȈȝȚȖȊȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈȉȐȘȈȚȤ Ǵȕȍ Ȏȍ ș ȘțȒȐ
ȉțȌț ȐȌȚȐ ȔȐȔȖ ȏȈȋȓȧȕț Ȑ ȕȈ ǩȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȣȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ Ȓ ȚȊȖȐȔ
ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧȔ«
— DzȈȒȐȔ ȥȚȖ" — ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓșȧ ǫȐȕȞ
— Ǩ Ȓ ȓȦȌȖȍȌȈȔ ǹȖȓȖȔȖȕȖȊȣȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ ǹȗȘȖȠț Ȑȝ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȎȈȓȍȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȊȔȍșȚȖ Țȍȉȧ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖșȚțȦ șȊȐȕȤȦ
șȍșȚȤ«
ǵț ȊȣȘțȋȈȓșȧ ǫȐȕȞ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȗȕ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ Ȗ
ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȌȐȒȈȘȐ ȍȋȖ ȟȍșȕȖȒȖȔ ȕȈȜȈȘȠȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȕȈ
ȊȍȘȚȍȓȍ ȏȈȎȈȘȐȚȤ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ
ǵȖ ǫȐȕȞ ȊșȗȣȓȤȟȐȊ ȌȈ ȖȚȝȖȌȟȐȊ Ȑ Ȕȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȖȓȈȌȐȓȐ
ȧ ȏȈ șȚȖ ȜțȕȚȖȊ șȚȍȘȓȐȕȋȖȊ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈȌȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȊșȍȔ ȋȘțȏȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȕțȊȠȍȑ ț ǩȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ©ǬȎȍș-
șȐȒȐª
ǵȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ Ȉ șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȕȈ Ȍȍȓȍ ȊȍȌȤ
ȋȘțȏ-ȚȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȈȔȉȈȘȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ


188
ȗȖȌ ȕȈȊȍșȖȔ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȎȒț Ȉ ȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ Ȍȕȍ Ȋ ȚȘȦȔȈȝ ȏȈȚȖ-
ȕțȊȠȍȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ǬȈ ȍȡȍ ȋȌȍ ȏȈȚȖȕțȊȠȍȋȖ"
ǻ ȒȈȔȍȕȐșȚȣȝ Ȑ ȔȈȓȖȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ȖșȚȘȖȊȒȈ
ǹȖȓȖȔȖȕȖȊȈ ȈȘȝȐȗȍȓȈȋȈ
ǷȖȓȖȎȐȔ ȗȖ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȦ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǫȐȕȞȈ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ Țț ȉțȝȚț ȋȌȍ ȘȈȏȉȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȏȈȚȖȕțȓȈ ȏȓȖ-
ȗȖȓțȟȕȈȧ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȈª ǵȖ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȋȖ ȖȗȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȐ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȝ ȗȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȐȦ ȋȘțȏȈ ȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȒțȌȈ ǫȐȕȞ șȖ șȗȈșȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈȔȐ ȌȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚ ȖȉȐ-
ȚȈȚȍȓȐ ǹȖȓȖȔȖȕȖȊȣȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȊȏȌțȔȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȐȏ-
ȊȍșȚȐ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȑ ȖȗȣȚ ș ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȈȔȐ
— DzȈȒȖȑ"
— Ǩ ȖȕȐ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȣ Ȑȝ țȊȍȘȧȓȐ ȉțȌȚȖ
ȖȚ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȐȡț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȔȧșȈ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȒȈȏȈ ǵț ț ȕȐȝ ȚȈȔ ȠȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȔȍȎȌȖțșȖȉȐȞȈ ǬȊȈ ȗȓȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ ȊȖȍȊȈȓȐ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȓȍȔȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ
ȜȖȘȚȍȓȤ ȐȏȓȖȊȐȓȐ ȌȐȒȈȘȐ ȌȊțȝ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐ
ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȓ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȧȔ
— ǷȖșȣȓȈȍȔ ȊȈȔ Ȋ ȌȈȘ ȌȊțȝ ȉȍȓȣȝ ǶȕȐ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȚ-
ȒȖȘȔȓȍȕȣ ǹȒțȠȈȑȚȍ Ȑȝ ȏȈ ȕȈȠȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ Ȑ ȕȍ șȍȘȌȐȚȍșȤ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȈ ȕȈș
Ǩ ț șȈȔȐȝ-ȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȚȈȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȐȠȒȈ
— Ǩ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȗȖȒțȠȈȊ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ
Ȍȍȓȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȒȈȏȖȑ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȦȚ"
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȍȔ ȥȚȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ ǵȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȔȐș-
șȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ-ȚȖ șȢȍȓȐ
ǹȓȖȊȖȔ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȧșȤ Ȓ ǩȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȖȔț ȖșȚȘȖȊț ȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȚȘțȌ
ȖȚȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȓȦȌȖȍȌȖȊ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȍșȚȤ șȊȐȕȖȍ ȐȓȐ ȉȈȘȈȕȤȍ Ȕȧ-
șȖ ȔȖȍȔț șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȍȘșȗȍȒȚȐȊȈ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȚȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ ȈȋȍȕȚț ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȕȕ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕ Ȓțȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȕȖȦ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȏȈ ȋȘȖȠ
ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚ ǫȐȕ-
ȞȈ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȈ ȘȈȉȖȚ ȗȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȐȦ
șȖ ȌȕȈ ȔȖȘȧ ȋȘțȏȈ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȐª ȧ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ȗȈȘȣ Ȑ ȖȚȗȓȣȓ Ȓ
ǹȖȓȖȔȖȕȖȊȣȔ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈȔ Ǵȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ șȒȖ-
ȘȖ ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ Țț ȉțȝȚț Ȋ ȊȖȌȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȏȈȚȖȕțȓȈ ©ǬȎȍșșȐ-
ȒȈª


189
ǩȍȘȍȋ ȉȣȓ ȍȡȍ țșȍȧȕ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȍȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ȏȌȍșȤ
Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ ȉȈȓȒȐ ȌȖșȒȐ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȍ ȉȖȟȖȕȒȐ Ȑ ȧȡȐȒȐ
șȓȖȊȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȐȓȐ ȉȣȓȖ șȕȍșȍȕȖ ș ȗȈȓțȉȣ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȐª
ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ȌȖ ȒȘțȠȍȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ țȎȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȘțȠȍȕȐȧ
ȊșȗȓȣȓȖ ȕȈȘțȎț Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȉȐȚȖ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț
ǵȈ ȗȍșȟȈȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȖșȒȍ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ț șȒȈȓ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ-
ȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȍȌȣ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȊȐȏȐȚȕȣȍ
ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȐ Țȍȝ șȈȔȣȝ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǫȐȕȞȈ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
Ȗȕ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ
șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ǺȖ ȓȐ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ȟțȌȈȒ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȐȏȒȖȑ ȖȞȍȕ-
ȒȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ȚȖ ȓȐ șȍȘȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȌȕȣȍ ȌȐȒȈȘȐ ȚȈȒ
țȗȖȘȕȖ ȌȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȠȒțȘȣ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȉȣȓ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȍȕ
Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ" ǷȖȟȍȔț ȖȕȐ șȉȍȎȈȓȐ" ǺțȚ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȐȔȍȚȤșȧ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ǹȖȓȖȔȖȕȖȊȣȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈȝ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ
ȗȖȌȘȧȌ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȓȐ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȍ
ȖȟȍȕȤ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ș șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȡȐȔȐ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍ
șȚȍșȕȧȦȚșȧ ȗțșȒȈȚȤ Ȋ ȝȖȌ ȗțȠȒȐ ȗȘȐ ȊșȧȒȖȔ țȌȖȉȕȖȔ șȓț-
ȟȈȍǶȟȍȕȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȐȏȐȚȣ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȗțȋȈȓȐ ȌȐȒȈ-
Șȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȊȐȌȍȊ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȍȍșȧ Ȓ ȖșȚȘȖȊȒț ©ǹțȏȐª,
șȈȔȖȍ ȔȐȘȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ Ȑ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȈ
ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ȗȈȘȖȟȒȖȑ ȗȈȓțȉȕȣȝ ȖȘțȌȐȑ ȌȐȒȈȘȐ ȗȖȚȖȘȖ-
ȗȐȓȐșȤ țȌȘȈȚȤ Ȋ ȌȍȉȘȐ Ȑ ȚȘțȡȖȉȣ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȒțȌȈ ȏȈ
ȕȐȔȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȗȖșȣȓȈȚȤ ȞȍȓțȦ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ
ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȘȍȚȍȕȏȐȐ ȕȈ ȖȚșțȚșȚ-
ȊȐȍ ȝȖȏȧȍȊ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȊȣȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȘȍ ǫȐȕȞȈ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȍ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍșȟțȘ țșȍȘȌȕȖȍ
ȋȖșȚȍȗȘȐȐȔșȚȊȖ ȌȖȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȌȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȋȖșȚȧȔ ȏȈȕȧȚȤ
ȔȍșȚȍȟȒȖ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȚȍȓȍ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ©șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȔ ȒȖȚȓȍª«
Ǩ ȧ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȋȘțȉȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȐ Ȍȓȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖȎ ȊȖșȚȘȣȑ ǷȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȦ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ Ȋ
ȗȖȒȖȍ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȔȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ
ǵț ȊȖȚ ȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȧ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȔȖȦ ©ǹțȏȐª ȕȈ ȧȒȖȘȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȖȕȈ — ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ-ȚȈȒȐ ȠȈȓȖȊȓȐȊȈȧ ȗȍȘșȖȕȈ — ȕȍ ȊȏȌțȔȈȓȈ
ȉȍȏ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȍȌȖȔȈ șȊȍșȚȐ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ ș ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎ-


190
ȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȓȈ ȉȣ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȈȔ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȍȍ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ
©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȈ».
ǵț ȗȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȗȈȘȚȐȦ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ
ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȚȈȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȓȈȋȍȘȤ
ǵȖ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȠȚțȟȍȒ ȗȧȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȠȍșȚȤ
ȗȖșȓȖȊ Ȓ ȚțȏȍȔȞȈȔ — ȚȍȔ șȈȔȣȔ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȚȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȓȐ ȕȈ țȉȖȑ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ
ǴȖȐȝ ©ȗȖșȓȖȊª ȓȦȌȖȍȌȣ șȢȍșȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȖșȖȉȣȍ ȟțȋțȕȕȣȍ ȗȖșȓȣ Ȑ ȕȈȟȐȕȍȕȣ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ
ȟȍșȕȖȒȖȔ Ȉ ȗȖȘȖȝȖȔ
ǷȘȖȡȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȗȉȍ ȔȖȐ ȗț-
ȠȒȐ Ȑ ȠȈȘȈȝȕțȓ ȗȖ șȒȈȓȈȔ Ȑ ȗȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȔț ȗȍȘȍȓȍșȒț ȋȘȈȕȈ-
ȚȈȔȐ ǫȘȈȕȈȚȣ ȗȖȓȖȗȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ șȘȍȌȐ șȚȊȖȓȖȊ Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȕȈȠțȔȍȊ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ
ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ț ȌȐȒȈȘȍȑ ȖȚȗȈȓȈ ȖȝȖȚȈ șȒȖȘȖ
ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȑ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȌțȓȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȗțȠȍȒ Ǩ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖșȤ
DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȈȋȍȘȤ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕ ȐȔȗȘȖȊȐ-
ȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȒȖȗȈȔȐ Ȑ șȕȈȉȎȍȕ ȗȈȘȖȟȒȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȝ ȉȈ-
ȘȈȒȖȊ ȧ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ
ȏȈ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȕȐȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȕȕȍ Ȑȏ ȌȖȉȘȈ ȏȈ-
ȚȖȕțȊȠȍȋȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȖȑª
ǺțȚ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȕȣȍ
ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ȇ șȊȧȚȖ șȌȍȘȎȈȓ șȓȖȊȖ ȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȔȕȖȦ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȤȍ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕț ǫȐȕȞț Ȑ ȓȐȟȕȖ șȗțșȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȗȖȌȘȖȉ-
ȕȖ ȒȖȘȗțș ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȐª ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ
șțȌȕȖ Ȑ șȚȖȐȚ ȓȐ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȊȖȏȐȚȤșȧ ș ȥȚȐȔ
ǶșȔȖȚȘ ȌȈȓ ȔȈȓȖțȚȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȓȐ ǫȐȕȞȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤ-
ȕȍȍ Ȍȓȧ dzȓȖȑȌȈ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ șțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȖ Ȋ ȘȈș-
ȚȖȗȚȈȕȕțȦ ȋȈȓȖȠț ǪȍșȤ ȒȖȘȗțș ȘȈșȒȖȓȖȟȍȕ DzȐȓȤ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȐȏȔȧȚ ȘțȓȤ ȊȣȊȖȘȖȟȍȕ ȗȈȓțȉȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ
Ȋ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȕțȚȘȐ șțȌȕȈ Ȋ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ
ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȊȏȘȣȊ ȐȏȓȖȔȈȊȠȐȑ ȌȖșȒȐ ȗȈȓțȉȣ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȘȈȏȘț-
ȠȐȊȠȐȑ ȚȘțȉț
ǬȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȘȗțșȍ șțȌȕȈ ȐȔȍȓȖșȤ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȉȖȐȕ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ
ȉȣ ȒȚȖ ȊȏȌțȔȈȓ ȟȐȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȓȈȚȒț ȕȈșȈȎȐ-


191
ȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȓȈȚȒț
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȋȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȍșȓȐ
ȉȣ«ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȖȚ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǫȐȕȞȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘȣ-ȚȖ
ȍȡȍ ȌȖ ȒȘțȠȍȕȐȧ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȋȕȍȏȌ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȊȍșȤ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔ
ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ȧȐȟȕȐȞȣ ȊșȔȧȚȒț«
ǹȓȖȊȖȔ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȊ ȕȈ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒțª ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȍȑ
— ǷȖȒȖȑșȧ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȌȘțȋ ȌȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȋȖ țȚȘȈ
ǴȕȖȋȖ șțȌȖȊ ȊȍȌȤ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ǭșȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȕȍș-
ȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ț ȕȈș ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ ȕȖșȧȚ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȖȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ©ȔȖȘ-
șȒȐȝ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡª ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȐȍ șțȌȈ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ
ȏȈȊȈȓȐȓȐ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȌȕȖ ǰ șȔȍȦ ȊȈș țȊȍȘȐȚȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȐȝ ©ȔȖȘ-
șȒȐȝ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȖȊª ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȘȐȔȖ ȓțȟȠȍȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȟȍȔ
©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȈª Ǩ ȕȐȒȖȔț Ȑ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȊȖȏȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȟȐȕȐȚȤ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȗțșȒȈȚȤ Ȋ
ȝȖȌǪ ȕȈȠȐ ȌȕȐ ȊȍȌȤ șțȌȖșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ
țșȗȍȝȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȊȣșȚȘȖȧȚ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ
ȕȍ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȟȍȔ șȈȗȖȎȕȐȒ ȌȖȉȘȣȝ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ȠȐȓ ȕȈ ȏȈ-
ȒȈȏ ȘȈȕȚȖȊȣȍ șȈȗȖȋȐ ǰ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ șȗȓȖȠȤ Ȑ Șȧ-
ȌȖȔ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȌȍȠȍȊȓȍ ȟȍȔ ȖȉȖȠȓȐșȤ ȉȣ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȗȖ ȊȣȚȈ-
șȒȐȊȈȕȤȦ șȖ ȌȕȈ ȔȖȘȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȈȚȖȕțȊȠȍȋȖ ©ǨȓȤȉȈ-
ȚȘȖșȈª ȐȓȐ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȐª ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȍȓȧ
ȥȚȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȚ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖșȣȓȈȚȤ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȞȍȓțȦ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ Ȋ
ȌȈȓȤȕȐȍ ȒȘȈȧ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ șȓțȟȈȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȋȖ
șțȌȕȈ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ ȊȣțȎȐȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȧȚȤ ȘȈȏ
ǹțȌȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȍȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȖȍ
ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȖȏȌȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȐ
Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȐ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ«
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȌȖȓȋȈȧ ȧ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȓțȟȠȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ȘȈȏ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȍȘȕțșȤ Ȓ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȐȦ ȔȖȐȝ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ
ǵț-ș ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȊ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒțª Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȓȈȔțȚȘȖȊȣȝ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚ ȖșȖȉȣȝ ȏȈȚȘțȌ-
ȕȍȕȐȑ ȐȉȖ ȉȖȒȈ șțȌȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȖȟȍȕȣ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȈșȚȤ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕ


192
ȊȣșȣȗȈȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȚȘȦȔȖȊ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȧ ȌȈȓ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ șȐȋȕȈȓ
ȔȈȚȘȖșȈȔ ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȊȠȐȔ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȓȖȌȒȍ ș ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȖȔ ȗȘȐ ȗȖ-
ȔȖȡȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȐ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȋ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȕȣȑ
ȒȖșȚȦȔ
— ǷȖȌȣȔȈȑ
ǰ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ
ǭȌȊȈ ș Ȕȍȕȧ șȕȧȓȐ ȔȍȌȕȣȑ ȠȓȍȔ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȊȠȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ
ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȉȖȞȔȈȕ
ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟ ȌȈȓȔȈȚȐȕȍȞ ȘȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȓȐȝȖȑ ȔȖȘȧȒ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ Ȕȕȍ
— Ǩ ț ȕȈș ȕȖȊȖșȚȐ ȍșȚȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— DzȈȒȐȍ"
— ǬȈ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ
— ǪȣȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȑ
ǪȐȎț ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȎȔȍȚșȧ ȇȊȕȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ȔȈȚȘȖșȈȝ ǹȍȒȘȍȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ«
ȇ ȏȕȈȓ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȌȈȓȔȈȚȐȕȞȈ ȏȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț ȕȍ ȉȖȓȚȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ
— ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǷȖȑȌȍȔ-ȒȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȒȈȦ-
Țț ǬȈ ȊȍȓȐ ȒȖȒț ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȉțȚȣȓȖȟȒț ȊȐȕȞȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ Ȓț-
șȖȒ ȊȍȚȟȐȕȣ ǷȘȖȋțȓȒȈ ȗȖ Ȍȕț ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ


193
ȗȖȓȍȏȕȈ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȍȚ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍȔ ȈȗȗȍȚȐȚȈ ȇ ȗȘȖ-
ȋȖȓȖȌȈȓșȧ ǷȖȒțȌȈ ȉțȌȍȔ ȏȈȒțșȣȊȈȚȤ Țȣ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȈȒțȓȈ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȎȍȠȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȚȊȖȐ ȕȖȊȖșȚȐ
ǭȌȊȈ Ȕȣ ȘȈȏȔȍșȚȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȈȦȚȍ ȒȈȒ Ƿȍ-
ȘȈȏȐȟ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ
— ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȚțȏȍȔȍȞ
— ǹȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȕȍȚ ȓȐ ț ȕȈș ȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȈȎț ȗȈȘȖȟȒȐ ȔȐșșȐȖ-
ȕȍȘȖȊ" — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȧ
— ǵȍȚ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ǷȘȖ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ-ȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȥȚȖ
ȊȍȘȕȖ ȕȖ șȖȊșȍȔ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȕȈș șȕȈȉȌȐȚȤ ȐȔȐ" ǷȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ
ȇ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȔ ȚȖȘȋțȦ
— ǬȈ ȕȍȚ Ȏȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǵț Ȋȣ ȓțȟȠȍ șȓțȠȈȑȚȍ
— ǹȓțȠȈȦ Ȑ ȚȖ ǷȖȊȍșȐȓ țȠȐ ȕȈ ȋȊȖȏȌȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
— ȅȚȖȚ ȌȐȒȈȘȤ ȉȖȓȚȈȍȚ ș ȋȘȍȝȖȔ ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ ȗȖ-ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐ
— ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ" dzȐȕȋȊȐșȚ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ
— ǬȈ ǫȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ț Țȍȝ șȈȔȣȝ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍ-
ȘȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȖȚȖȔ«
— DzȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȍȋȖ șȖȘȖȌȐȟȐ șȢȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ
ȥȚț ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȕȕțȦ ȒȖȒȖȔ ȊȍȚȟȐȕț" ǬȈȓȤȠȍ
— ǵț ȌȈȓȤȠȍ-ȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ
ǷȖ-ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐ ȧ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȘȈȏțȟȐȓșȧ ȉȖȓȚȈȚȤ Ǵȣ ȚȘȐȍșȚȐȕȞȣ
șȈȔȐ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȚȍȘȗȍȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȚȍȌȍșȒȖȊ ǵț Ȉ ȌȐȒȈȘȤ-ȚȖ
ȒșȚȈȚȐ ȍȓȍ-ȍȓȍ ȓȈȗȚȐ ȗȓȍȚȍȚ ȗȖ-ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȘȖȌȕȖȔț ȕȍȔȞț șȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȚȘțȌȕȖ
— ǵȖ Țȣ-ȚȖ șȋȖȊȖȘȐȓșȧ"
— ǬȈ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȕȖ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ
ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ șȖȖȉȡȈȓ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ șȖȖȉȡȈȓ"
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ
ǷȖȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȚȒȕțȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȊȕȐȏ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ
țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ Ȍȕȍ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍȚ ǵȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȑ
— ǵț ȗȖȚȖȔ ȔȈȠȍȚ ȘțȒȖȦ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȚ
— ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ
ȇ ȍȋȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ
— Ǩ ȗȖȟȍȔț"
Ǩ Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ


194
— ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª
— DzȈȒȈȧ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª" Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȓȣ-
Ƞțǵț Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȐȚȤ ǷȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍșțȘȈȏȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖ-
ȎȈȓțȑ ȗȖȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȈȠȍȑ ©ǹțȏȐª ȖȚ ȕȖșȈ ȌȖ ȒȖȘȔȣ ǷȖȚȖȔ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
— ǨȔ-ȈȔ DzțȠȈȓ ǸȣȉȈ ȒțȠȈȓ ǨȒțȓȈ ȒțȠȈȓ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȒțȠȈȓ
— Ǻȣ ȉȣ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȐȒȈȘȧ Ȉ ȚȊȖȧ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ
șȔȍȘȚȤª ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ ȕȍ ȒțȠȈȓ"
— ǷȖșȚȖȑȚȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ǩ ȚȖ ȧ șȖȉȤȦșȤ ǵț ȚȈȒ ȊȖȚ« ǯȕȈ-
ȟȐȚ ȕȈșȟȍȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ șȈȔȈȧ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª Ȑ Șȣȉț Ȓț-
ȠȈȓȈ Ȑ ȈȒțȓț ȒțȠȈȓȈ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ« ǹȓȖȊȖȔ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȌȘȧȕȤ«
— ǿțȌȈȒ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȉȘȈȚȍȞ Ǩ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȞȔȈȕ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ
ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ-ȚȖ ȔȈȚțȠȒȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȏȍȓȍȕȈȧ ȖȕȈ ȜȐȖ-
ȓȍȚȖȊȈȧ ȐȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ș ȒȘȈȗȐȕȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȈȔȐ Ȉ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ
Ȋșȍȝ ©ȒțȠȈȍȚª ȚȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȌȘțȎȐȡȍ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȐșȚȐȕȈ
— ǬȈ ȗȖșȚȖȑȚȍ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȇ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȚțȏȍȔȞȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȕȍ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȉ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȑ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȐ ǹȓȖȊȖȔ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ Ȋ ȗȘȧȔȖȔ șȔȣ-
șȓȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ șȓȖȗȈȚȤ
— ǫȓțȗȖșȚȐ ǵȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȕȧȓ
— ǵȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȊȈȔ șȒȈȎț ǷȖȕȧȓ ȧ ȍȡȍ
ȟȚȖ șȚȘȍȓȧȓȐ-ȚȖ Ȕȣ ȋȘȈȕȈȚȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȓȍșț șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ
— ȅȚȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț"
— Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȌȐȒȈȘȍȑ șȦȌȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȈȕȐȠȤ ȕȐ
ȏȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȒȖȊȘȐȎȒȐ ǻȌȘȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ
— DzțȌȈ"
— ǬȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘȣ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ǩ ȗȖȟȍȔț"
— ǬȈ ȗȖȟȍȔț"
— Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ Ȑȝ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ ȥȚȈ șȈȔȈȧ ©ǯȍȓȍ-
ȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª ȊȣȠȍȌȠȈȧ Ȑȏ ȔȖȘȧ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȐȏȓȖ-
ȊȐȓȈ Ȑ șȢȍȓȈ
— Ǽț ȒȈȒȐȍ țȎȈșȣ ǬȍȘȎȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȦȌȐ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ Ȉ ȚȖ ȧ
Ȋ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ țȗȈȌț ǸțȒȐ ȌȘȖȎȈȚ ȕȖȋȐ ȚȘȧșțȚșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȉȤȍȚ-
șȧ ȗȍȟȍȕȤ ȘȈșȗțȝȈȍȚ ȅȝ Țȣ Ȉ ȍȡȍ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ ȒȖșȚȖȟ-
ȒȈ


195
— ǬȈ ȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ«
— ǴȖȓȟȐ ȔȖȓȟȐ DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȑ ȕȈȉȖȓȚȈȓ ȚțȚ ș
ȚȘȐ ȒȖȘȖȉȈ Ȉ Țȣ Ȑ ȚȖȋȖ« ǪșȍȘȤȍȏ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȘȖșșȒȈȏȕȐ ȥȚȖȑ
șȖȓȖȔȖȕșȒȖȑ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȣ
— ǬȈ Ȗȕ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ț ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ Ȋ ȊȣțȟȒȍ ȉȣȓ
ǵț ȚțȚ ȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ǸȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ șț-
ȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ
ǹȖȊșȍȔ șȒȖȕȜțȏȐȓșȧ ȔȖȑ ȉȖȞȔȈȕ
ǵț ȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȝȓȖȗȈȓ ȕȖ ȗȓȍȟț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȖȌȘȖșȚȐ ȗȘȐȌȈȚȤ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒț
— ǵȖ Țȣ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — ȝȖȚȤ ȚȈȒ țșȚȘȖȐȓ ȟȚȖ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȈȊȕțȒ ǹȖȓȖȔȖȕȈ ȚțȚ șȒȈȏȒȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȔȈȚȘȖ-
șȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȖ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ"
— ǵȍȚ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ǹȓȣȠȈȚȤ-ȚȖ ȖȕȐ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȌȈ«
—ǬȈȟȚȖȎȍ"
— ǬȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ǽȖȝȖȚȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǷȖȚȖȔț ȗȈ-
ȘȍȕȤ ȋȘȐȔȈșȕȐȟȈȓ țȎ ȖȟȍȕȤ«
— ǽȖȝȖȚȈȓȐ" ǵț Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ǰ Țȍȉȍ ȉȣ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ Ȉ ȕȍ ȊȍȠȈȚȤ ȕȖș ȕȈ ȒȊȐȕȚț ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȧ
ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȓ ȉȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȕȈșȓțȠȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȍȘțȕ-
Ȍȣ ǺțȏȍȔȞȣ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȕȍȐșȗȘȈȊȐȔȣȍ ȓȋțȕȣ ȗȘȐȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ
șȖȟȐȕȐȚȍȓȐ Ȉ Țȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȦȚ ț ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ ȕȍ ȓțȟ-
Ƞȍ ȌȍȓȈȦȚșȧ Ȉ ȊȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȘȚȧȚșȧ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȐȏȖȡȘȧȦȚșȧ Ȋ Ȍȍȓȍ
ȓȋȈȕȤȧ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ șȓȈȌț ȕȍȚț
ǷȖȔȕȐȠȤ DzȐȜȐ"
Ǩ DzȐȜȐ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȐȕ șȈȔȖȈȕȍȞ ǵȈȌȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȗȘȍ-
șȗȖșȖȉȕȈȧ ȉȍșȚȐȧ ǺȈȓȈȕȚ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȘȖȌȍ
ȇ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ DzȐȜȐ ȕȖșȐȓ ȕȍ ȚȍȔȕțȦ șȈȔȖȈȕșȒȖȋȖ
ȐȏȌȍȓȐȧ ȠȒțȘț Ȉ ȉȍȓțȦ ȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȗȖȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȍȍ ȌȈ ȗȘȐșȚ-
ȘȖȐȓșȧ ȉȣ Ȗȕ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȓȦȉȧȡȍȑ ©ȉțȔª ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȈȠȍȑ
ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ȥȚȖȚ DzȐȜȐ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȉȣ ȌțȔȈȦ ȉȓȍșȚȧ-
ȡțȦ ȒȈȘȤȍȘț
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȓȐȕȟȍȊȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȗȐșȟȐȒȐ
ǵț-ș ȚȈȒ ȥȚȖȚ DzȐȜȐ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ Ȋ ǨȗȐȐ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ-
ȊȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȗȈȕȐȒț șȊȖȐȔȐ ȘȖșșȒȈȏȕȧ-
ȔȐ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȧȔȖ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȘȖ-
șȓȈȊȐȓșȧ
— DzȐȜȐ ȌȍȓȈȚȍȓȤ șȚȘȈȝȖȊ


196
ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈ ǩȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȖȔ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ȔȖȍȔț ȉȖȞȔȈȕț Ȑ
ȗȖȗȈȓșȧ ȌȊȖȦȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȉȘȈȚ Ȉ ȚȖ Ȑ ȍȌȐȕȖțȚȘȖȉȕȣȑ ȉȘȈȚȍȞ ȕȈ-
ȠȍȋȖ DzȐȜȐ ȌȍȓȈȚȍȓȧ șȚȘȈȝȖȊ«
ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ șȒȖȕȜțȎȍȕ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ Ȗȗ-
ȘȈȊȌȈȚȤșȧ
— ǬȈ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǻȎ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ
ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ǻȎ ȚȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȐȓ
ȕȈș«
— ǷȘȖșȐȓ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ ȍȔț ȘțȉȈȠȒț"
— ǬȈ ȕȍȚ
— ǩțȚȣȓȒț ȘȖȔț"
— ǬȈ ȕȍȚ Ȏȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— ǷȍȘȖȟȐȕȕȣȑ ȕȖȎȐȒ" ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘ" ȀȐȚȣȑ ȔȐ-
ȠțȘȖȑ ȔțȕȌȐȘ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȖȋȖ ȚȈȔȉțȘ-ȔȈȎȖȘȈ"
— Ƕ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȊȏȔȖȓȐȓșȧ ȉȖȞȔȈȕ — Ǫȣ Ȕȕȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȋȣ-
ȔȖȓȊȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȌȈȍȚȍ
— ȇ" Ǻȍȉȍ" ǹȓȖȊȈ ȊȣȔȖȓȊȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȌȈȦ" ǶȗȖȔȕȐșȤ ȉȖȞ-
ȔȈȕ ǬȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȌțȠȍȕȤȒȍ țȋȖȌȕȖ Ƕ ȟȍȔ Țȍȉȧ
ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȓȋțȕ"
— ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȕȖ țȔȖȓȧȍȚ
— Ǻȍȉȧ"
— ǬȈ ȕȍȚ Ȏȍ ǵȈș Ȋșȍȝ ǵț ȊȈș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȕȍ Ȋ ȖȉȐȌț ȊȈȔ ȉțȌȤ șȒȈȏȈȕȖ
— ǵț" ǺȈȒ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ Ȕȍȕȧ țȔȖȓȧȓ"
— ǿȚȖȉȣ Ȕȣ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȖȌȉȐȘȈȓȐ ȧȒȖȘȧ Ȑ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȉȍȏ
ȖȋȓȧȌȒȐ ȖȚșȦȌȈ
— DzȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȊȈș ȌȊțȝ ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟ ș țȔȈ șȖȠȍȓ ǰȓȐ
Țȣ ȐȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ șȖȓȖȔȖȕȍȞ
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— ǰ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȧ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓ ǫȐȕȞț ȏȈ
ȋȘțȏ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȐª șȚȖ ȜțȕȚȖȊ șȚȍȘȓȐȕȋȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȖȌȕț ȒȖȗȍȍȟ-
Ȓț ȌȈ ȏȈȚȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȒțȗȒț șȒȈȜȈȕȌȘȖȊ ȕȈ ȕȈȍȔ Ȋ ǨȗȐȐ
ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ ȕȈ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ șȦȌȈ DzȈȒ Țȣ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ
ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȍȠȍȕȣȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ"
— ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȉȍȠȍȕȣȍ
— ǵț ȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȀȊȣȘȧȚȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȧ Ȑ șȔȖȓȖȌț ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ
Ȉ ȗȖȌ șȚȈȘȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ǫȘȖȠȈ ȔȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȈȘȖȔ ȐșȚȘȈȚȐȚȤ
ȕȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕ


197
ǰ ȉțȌȤ ȚțȚ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȈ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª Ȉ ȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ
ș ȕȍȦ ©ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȋȖȓțȉȈȧª ©ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȘȖȏȖȊȈȧª ©ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȞȊȍȚȈ
ȌȣȔȈ ǨȉțȒȐȘșȒȖȋȖ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȧª ©ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȖȓȖșȈȚȈȧª ©ǹȔȍȘȚȤ
ȒȘȈȗȐȕȒȈȔȐª șȚȖ Țȣșȧȟ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ șȔȍȘȚȍȑ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȊșȦ
ȥȚț ȈșșȈȔȉȓȍȦ Ȋ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȕȈȟȝȈȚȤ ȇ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ șȦȌȈ
ȌȖȉȣȚȤ șȖ ȌȕȈ ȔȖȘȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȕȕ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕ Ȑ ȧ Ȑȝ ȌȖȉțȌț
ǷȘȖȟȍȍ Ȏȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȤȧȕȈȧ ȉȖȓȚȖȊȕȧ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȐȏȖȓȋȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȊȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȐȒȈȘȧ
Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ
ǨȒțȓȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ-ȚȈȒȐ ȊȖȌȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȔ ȒȖ-
ȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ ȟȍȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȘȣȉȒȐ Ȋ ȈȒȊȈȘȐțȔȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȓȦ-
ȉȐȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ țȝȖ ȊȖșȚȘȖ ǷȖȏȈȉȖȚȤșȧ-
ȒȈ Țȣ ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ șȗțșȒȈȧșȤ ȕȈ
ȌȕȖ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕ ǹȕȈȉȎȈȑ Țȣ Ȑȝ
ȔȈȓȈȑșȒȐȔȐ ©ȒȘȐșșȈȔȐª ǪȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȉȖȘȤ-
ȉȣ ș ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȋȐȍȕȖȑª ǶȌȕȐȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ ©ȒȘȐșșȈª ȓȦȉȖȑ ȈȒț-
ȓȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȘȈșȗȖȘȖȚȤ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ȖȚ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ȌȖ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ȕȍ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȐȠȒȐ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȕȖ Ȑ ȊșȦ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕțȦ ȚȘȍȉțȝț ȈȒț-
ȓȤȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȧ ȊȍȌȤ Ȑ șȈȔ ȉțȌț ș ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȖȚ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ ȌȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ șȊȖȑ ȋȓȈȏ — ȈȓȔȈȏ ǷțșȚȐ ȊȖ-
ȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐșȔȖȚȘȈ ȖȕȐ ȚȈȔ țșȧȌțȚșȧ ȒȈȓȧȒȈȚȤ
ȉțȌțȚ ȚȘțȉȖȟȒȐ ȗȖȒțȘȐȊȈȚȤ«
ǵț ȚțȚ ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ
— ǷȖȉȖȑȚȍșȤ ǩȖȋȈ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ! — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǷȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ-
ȚȖ ȒȈȓȧȒȈȚȤ"
— Ǩ Țȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍȈȗȖȓȐȚȈȕȞȍȊ" Ǻȍ ȉȘȈȚ ȘȚȈ
ȕȍ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȚȤșȧ țȔȍȦȚ ǿȚȖ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȌȘțȋ
ȌȘțȋț șȖȖȉȡȈȚ
— ȅȚȖ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȚȈȒ"
— Ǩ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǷȖȓțȟȠȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȚ ȟȍȔ ȐȕȖȑ ȔȈȚȘȖș ȧȏȣ-
ȒȖȔ— ǷȖȓȖȎȐȔ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ ǵȖ țȎ ȒțȘȐȚȤ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ
ȕȍ șțȔȍȦȚ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ"
— Ǩ Țȣ Ȓ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȣȊȈȑșȧ ǴȈȓȖ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ șȉȖȓȚ-
ȕȍȠȤ" ǵț ȒțȘȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȚȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȉțȌțȚ ȉȈȒȓțȠȐ
ȉȐȚȤ Ǩ ȒȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ"
ȅȚȐ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ș Ȕȍȕȧ ȠȒțȘț șȕȧȓȐ ȗȖ ȌȊȈ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȈ Ȋ
ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȦȚșȧ ȗȓȈȟț ȧ ȐȔ ȌȈ ȗȖ ȗȧȚȐ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤ


198
ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȦ ǪȖȚ Țȣ Ȑ ȗȖșȟȐȚȈȑ«
ǴȖȑ ȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȉȖȞȔȈȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȒȘțȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǺȈȒ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ
ǻȚȘȖȔ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ țȉȍȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ
ȧ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȌȐȓșȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ.
ǽȖȚȍȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ șȈȔȖȔț ȗȖȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌțȚ țȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȚȤșȧ ȔȖȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȈȘȖȑ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ
ȌȕȖȐșȈȔȧ
ǵț ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȓȖȔȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏțȉȐ-
ȓȈȔȐ ȊȣȓȈȔȣȊȈȚȤ ȉȖȒȈ ț ȏȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖȑ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȐª ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȍ ȊȝȖȌȕȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ șȖ ȌȕȈ Ȋ ȚȘȦȔ:
ȚȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȣ
ǷȈȓțȉȈ-ȚȖ țȎ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȐȏțȘȖȌȖȊȈȕȈ ȐșȒȖȊȍȘȒȈȕȕȣȍ Ȏȍȓȍȏ-
ȕȣȍ ȠȚȈȕȋȐ șȕȈșȚȐ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ ȌȖșȖȒ ȗȈȓțȉȣ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȉȖȘȒȐ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȋȘȖȔȖȏȌȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȖȉȘȈȏțȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ
ȗȈțȚȐȕț
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȘȈșȟȐșȚȐȚȤ ȊșȦ ȥȚț ȘțȝȓȧȌȤ ȕȍ ȔțȌȘȈȧ ȠȚțȒȈ Ǫ
ȒȘȈȑȕȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȖȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȈȘȖȟȒț ȌȐȕȈȔȐȚȕȣȝ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȖȊ
Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ Ƞȓȧȗȍ
ǵȖ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȘȊȈȚȤ șțȌȕȖ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ Ȋ
ȚȘȦȔ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ șȉȖȒț" Ǩ Ȋ ȉȖȒț ț ©ǬȎȍșșȐ-
ȒȐª ȉȣȓȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȣȘ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȗȈȘȖ-
ȝȖȌȈ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȘȍȠȍȚȖ șȖȖȘțȌȐȚȤ
ǷȖȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȔȖȐȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ Ȟȍȓȣȑ
ȟȈșǵȐȒȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓ Ȑ ȠȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ
ǪȖȏȌțȠȕȣȍ ȕȈșȖșȣ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȍȐșȗȘȈȊȕȖ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȈ Ȋ
ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓȐ ǬȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȓȈșȚȖȊ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ,
ȌȈȊȈȓȖ șȍȉȧ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȈª ȕȈ șȘȈȊȕȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȍȓȒȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ țȞȍȓȍȓȐ ȍȍ ȔȈȟȚȣ ȚȖ,
ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȕȐ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȍȠȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȌȍșȧȚȐ-ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ șȈȎȍȕ ȌȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȊȖȌȣ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǰ ȉțȌȤ ȧ ȚȘȐȎȌȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȘȐ ș ȚȘȍȔȧ
ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȧȔȐ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȣȉȍȘț Ȍȓȧ
șȍȉȧ ȘȍȔȍșȓȖ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ ȝȖȚȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ țȔțȌȘȧȍȚșȧ
ȏȈȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȓțȟȠȍ ȐȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȟȈșȖȊȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț
ȚțȚ Ȏȍ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȑ ©ǹțȏȐª ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ Ǩ ȚȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ


199
ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȊȚȖȘȈȧ șȔȍȕȈ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ șȊȍȎȈȧ ȗȈȘȈ țȎȍ
ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ
ȇ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȕȧȊ ș
șȍȉȧ șȒȈȜȈȕȌȘ ȊȣȗȐȓ ȋȓȖȚȖȒ ȋȘȖȋț Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȌȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȖșȊȍȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȓȍȋ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȈȦȚȍ ȊȏȌȘȍȔȕțȚȤ ȟȈșȖȒ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȊ
ȕȈȌȏȖȘ ȏȈ șțȌȕȖȔ ȉȖȞȔȈȕț
ǵȍ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȓȐ ȧ ȗȘȖȌȘȍȔȈȓ ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ
ȕȍ ȚȈȒ țȎ ȌȖȓȋȖ ș ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
DzȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȣȑ șȚțȒ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȈȦȚȣ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓ
Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǶȚȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — șȓȣȠț ȧ ȒȘȐȒ
— ȅȚȖ Țȣ ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟ" ǿȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ" ǹȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ"
— ǬȈ ș ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖ
ȇ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȟȚȖȉȣ țȏȕȈȚȤ Ȋ ȟȍȔ
ȌȍȓȖ ǪȐȎț ȖȉȈ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ Ȑȏ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ șȔȍȕȣ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȊȣȚȈȡȐ-
ȓȐ Ȑȝ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ǶȌȐȕ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȗȓȈșȚȖȔ Ȑ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȗȖȓȐȊȈȦȚ
ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȊȖȌȖȑ Ǩ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȐȌȐȚ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȍȑȒȍ ȀȓȍȔ ș ȕȍȋȖ
șȕȧȚ ȖȚȊȐȕȚȐȓȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȤȍ Ǩ
Ȗȕ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ șȐȌȐȚ ȓȐȞȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȕȐȎ-
ȕȧȧ ȟȍȓȦșȚȤ ȖȚȊȐșȓȈ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȚ
— ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ ȍȋȖ ȧ
— Ǵ-Ȕ-Ȕ-Ȕ«


200
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȏȈȒȈȚȈȓ ȍȔț ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕțȦ
ȗȖȘȞȐȦ ȊȐșȒȐ ǬȈ Ȑ ȚȖ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȊȐșȒȐ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț ȐȏȖ ȘȚȈ Ȋȣ-
ȓȐȓȖșȤ șȓȖȊȕȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȖȚ ȉȣȓ Ȉ ȌȣȘȧȊȖȍ ȘȍȠȍȚȖ
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȘȞȐȐ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ
ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȊȖȌț ȍȔț ȓȤȦȚ Ȋ ȋȓȖȚȒț Ȉ ȗȘȖșȚȐ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ȊȐșȒȐ
ȗȖ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȈ ȉțȚȣȓȒȈ
ǵț ȖȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȉ ȚȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ Ȑ ȚȖȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȖȌȖ-
ȓȈȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȗȖȓȐȊȈȓȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȘȍȓ Ȉ
ȖȕȐ ȗȖȎȈȘ ȚțȠȐȓȐ ȚȖȎȍ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ ǵȈȒȈȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ
ȗȖȌȒȘȍȗȓȧȦȡȐȔ Ȑ ȖșȊȍȎȈȦȡȐȔ
ǸȈȏȖȋȕȈȓ ȧ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȒȓȐșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȊȖȌȖȓȈ-
ȏȖȊ ǹȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ
— ǵț" ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" ǨȒțȓȣ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ" ǰȓȐ ȕȈȚȒȕțȓȐșȤ
ȕȈ ȚȘțȗȣ ȊȕțȚȘȐ șțȌȕȈ"
ǵȈȌȖ ȊȈȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȗȖȌȓȈȧ ȥȚȖ ȠȚțȒȈ ȚȘțȗȣ țȚȖȗȓȍȕ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ ǹȈȔ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ
Ȋ ȒȈȦȚț ȏȈȚȖȕțȊȠȍȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȠȚțȒ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ țȚȖȗ-
ȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ
ǺȈȒ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖșȣ
Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ șȈȔ Ȗȕ șȘȈȏț ȓȍȚ ȕȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȖ-
șȚȈȘȍȓ ǺȈȒțȦ ȒȘȈșȐȊțȦ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒț țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚȍ
ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȊ
— ǵȍȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ" — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ — ǵȐ
ȈȒțȓ ȕȐ ȚȘțȗȖȊ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ
— ǺȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȚȘțșȐȓȐ" ǰȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȚȘțșȐȓȐ
ȊȖȊșȍ Ȉ ȗȘȖșȚȖ-ȕȈȗȘȖșȚȖ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȕȈșȖș șȚȈȓ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȌțȝț ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȖ" ǫȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ Ȏȍ
ǷȍȘȍȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȔȖȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ șȔțȡȍȕȕȖ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ șȗȘȈ-
ȠȐȊȈȦȚ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ǬȈȓ ȧ ȐȔ ȍȡȍ ȗȖ ȋȓȖȚȒț ȊȐșȒȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȧȏȣȒȐ
ȗȖȕțȒȈȦ
— ǪȣȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" ǻȎ ȕȍ ȕȈ șȗȘțȚȈ ȓȐ ȕȈ-
ȚȒȕțȓȐșȤ"
ǪșȧȒȐȑ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ ȉȖȐȚșȧ șȗȘțȚȈ ȐȓȐ ȖșȤ-
ȔȐȕȖȋȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȖȑ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ ȈȒțȓȣ
ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȑȚȍ țȊȍȘȧȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȍ șȗȘțȚȣ șțȡȍ-
șȚȊțȦȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȌȈ Ȋ ȘȖșșȒȈȏȕȧȝ țȠȍȌ-
ȠȐȝ ȖȚ ȔȖȘȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȋ ȟȐșȚțȦ ȖȚșȚȈȊȒț ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ ȓȦȉȧȡȐȝ


201
ȗȖȔȖȘȖȟȐȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȉȓȐȎȕȐȔ
ȇ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȦ țȗȈșȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ǩȖȋ ȟȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ șȗȘțȚȣ
ȐȓȐ ȒȈȓȤȔȈȘȣ ȐȓȐ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȐ ȕȈȏȖȊȐȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȊȍșȤȔȈ
șȖȓȐȌȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ǵȖ«
ǹțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ ȓȖȚȍȘȍȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȊȣȐȋȘȣȠ Ȋ ȔȐȓ-
ȓȐȖȕ" ǹțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ
ǪȣȐȋȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȘȐȏ"
ǪȣȐȋȘȣȊȈȍȚ
ǵȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȟȈșȚȖ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ"
ǵȈ ȚȘȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȈ ȉȐȓȍȚȖȊ ȖȌȐȕ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȘȐȏȖȔ ǺȈ-
ȒȖȊȣ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȠȈȕșȣ ȕȈȚȒȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȈ șȗȘțȚȈ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ȕȈ șȗȘțȚȈ ȖȗȈșȕȖȋȖ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǵȈ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȕȍ ȕȈȚȒȕțȓȐșȤ ȓȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȟț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ ǰȓȐ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȓȤȕȍȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȔȣȟȈȕȐȍ ȌȈ ȗȖșȚț-
ȒȐȊȈȕȐȍ ȏțȉȈȔȐ
— ǺȈȒ Ȋ ȟȍȔ Ȏȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ" ǿȍȋȖ Ȋȣ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȣ ȚȘȍ-
ȊȖȋț ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ" ǷȖȟȍȔț ȌȈȓȐ șȐȋȕȈȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȈș ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȓȐ
ȕȈȘțȎț" ǰ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȗȍȘȍȚȘțșȐȓȐ ȒȈȒ« DzȈȒ ȡȍȕȒȐ"
ǬȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ǰ
șȈȔȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ
ǶȉȈ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȧ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȖ
ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȖȕȐ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȝȖȚȤ țȉȍȑ ȕȍ Ȋȣȧșȕȧ-
ȓȖșȤ
ǷȖ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȍȔț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȑȏ ȕȍȌȘ ȔȖȘȧ
Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈȝ șȈȎȍȕ ȖȚ ȖșȚȖȊȈ ȏȈȚȖȕțȊȠȍȑ ©ǬȎȍș-
șȐȒȐª ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȚȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȋȖȘȈ
ȅȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȔȖȏȋȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕț-
ȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȌȈȓ șȐȋȕȈȓ
— ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȑ
ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȏȈȔȍȠȒȈȓșȧ ©ǫȖȘțª ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȖ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ țȊȍ-
ȘȍȕȐȧȔ ȥȚȈ ȋȖȘȈ ȗȓȣȓȈ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȌȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȧșȤ Ȓ
ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌț Ȑ ț ȋȖȘȣ ȉȣȓȈ Ƞȍȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ Ȑ
ȉȣȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ
— ǷȤȧȕȣ Ȋȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȊȖ-
ȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ
— ǬȈ ȕȍȚ Ȏȍ — ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ȖȌȕȐ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ — ǵȐ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȊȖ


202
ȘȚț ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
— ǪȘȍȠȤ ȒȈȒ« ȒȈȒ ȒȖȔȔȐȊȖȧȎȍȘ ǵț-ȒȈ ȌȣȝȕȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ǷȈȘȍȕȤ Ȍȣȝȕțȓ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐșȤ
șȗȐȘȚȖȔ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȊȍȘșȚȣ
ǰ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȍȋȖ țȌȐȊȐȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
— ǷȖȉȖȎțșȤ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ȟȚȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȗȐȓ ȧ ǹȈȔ ȕȍ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ șȗȐȘȚȖȔ ȕȍșȍȚ — ȚȊȍȘȌȐȚ
Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȊȐșȒȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȖȌȧ Ȋ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
— ǪȍȘȕȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȈȔȉțȏȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ƞȓȧȓșȧ ȗȘȐȕȦȝȐȊȈȓșȧ
ȌȈ Ȑ ȕȈȕȦȝȈȓșȧ — ȗȖȠțȚȐȓ ȧ — ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȚȈȒ ȌȍȓȖ
ȕȍ ȗȖȗȘȍȚ ȇ ȊȈș ȕȈȕȧȓ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȈȉȤȐ șȒȈȏ-
ȒȐ ȚțȚ ȊȣȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤ ȌȈ Ȋ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ ȗȈȌȈȚȤ ǪȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ Ȋȣ ȐȓȐ
ȕȍȚ"— ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ«
— ǪȏȧȓȐșȤ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț"
— ǪȏȧȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ«
— ǹȚȖȗ ǶȚȋȖȊȖȘȖȒ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ǰȓȐ ȌȈ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ ǹȍȘȍȌȒȐ
ȕȍȚț
—ǬȈȔȣ«
ǵț ȚțȚ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓȐșȤ Țȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ǸȍȉȧȚȈ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑȏ
ȏțȉȈșȚȣȝ ȗȖșȔȍȧȚȤșȧ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ
— ǫȖȕȐȚȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ — ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǹȔȐȚ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȞȍȊ Ȋ
ȠȍȦ Ǵȣ Ȑ șȈȔȐ șȖ ȊșȍȦ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ șȗȘȈȊȐȔșȧ
ǷȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȒȘȐȒ șȗȖȘ DzȚȖ țȎ ȘțȒȈȊȈ ȏȈșțȟȐȊȈȍȚ ȒțȓȈȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȔȈȝȈȚȤ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚșȧ ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ ȔȖȐ ȗȖȖȌȈȓȤ șȚȖȧȚ ȗȖȚȍȠȈȦȚ-
șȧ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȖȔț Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȈȧ ȐȌȍȧ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ
— ǵȈȊȐȕȚȐȚȍ ȐȔ ȠȓȍȔȣ — ȒȘȐȟȐȚ — ȌȈ Ȑ ȗțșȚȤ ȌȍȘțȚ-
șȧ ȚțȚ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȍȏ ȖȉȔȈȕț Ȑ ȕȖȎȐ ȗȖȖȚȉȐ-
ȘȈȚȤ Ȉ ȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȕȣȍ ȒȖșȚȦȔȣ ȗȖȗȖȘȚȧȚ ȌȣȘȖȒ ȗȖȕȈ-
ȌȍȓȈȦȚ
ǷȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ șȈȔȖȔț Ȕȕȍ șȔȍȠȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ
ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ șȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȕȈ șțȠȍ
ȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ" ǿȍȘȍȗȈȝȈ
ǵȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȊȐȕȞȖȊȣȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȊȣ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȗȕ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝȈ ȍȓȍ-ȍȓȍ ȕȖȋȐ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ǵȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ


203
ȔȍȌȕȈȧ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȠȓȍȔ ǺȖȎȍ ȌȖȓȖȎț ȧ ȊȈȔ ȠȚțȒȈ ȓȍ-
ȋȖȕȤȒȈȧ ȍșȓȐ ȔȈȓȖșȐȓȤȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȥȚȖȚ ȠȓȍȔ ȕȈȌȍȚȤ ȚȈȒ
Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȧȌȍȚ șȖȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ
ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȍșȓȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ
șȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖ șțȡȍșȚȊț șȒȖȊȈȕ ǬȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ
ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ǵț Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȉȍ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒțȦ ȒȈȌȘȐȓȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟțȌȖ-
ȊȐȡȈ ș ȔȍȌȕȣȔȐ ȉȈȠȒȈȔȐ ș ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȓȐȗȈȦȚ Ȓ ȌȖșȒȈȔ ȗȈȓțȉȣ ǰ ȥȚȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȋȖȕȧȦȚșȧ
ȌȘțȋ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȍ ȔȈȠțȚ ȒțȓȈȒȈȔȐ«
ǷȖȚȍȝȈ ȌȈ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ǵȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȚțȚ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȠțȚȖȒ
— ǹȔȐȘȕȖ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ — ǯȈȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ ǵȈȔ Ȗ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ
ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȕȈȌȖ Ȉ ȕȍ Ȗ ȜȖȒțșȈȝ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ
— ǷȍȘȊȈȧ ȗȈȘȈ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ ǫȖȚȖȊȣ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ" ǶȚȌȖȝȕț-
ȓȐ"— ǺȈȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ
— dzȍȏȍȚȍ șȍȑȟȈș Ȋ ȊȖȌț"
— Ǩ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȍȚ"
ǵț Ȑ ȗȖȌ ȔȖȐȔ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȐșȔȖȚȘȖȔ șȕȈȘȧȌȐȓȐ Ȑȝ
șȗțșȚȐȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ǷȘȖȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȍ-
ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ǻșȗȍȓȐ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȋȘțȏȐȚȤ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȈȔȐ
ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ șȗțȡȍȕȕȣȑ ș ȗȈȓțȉȣ ©ǹțȏȐª ȕȈ Ȟȍȗȧȝ ȒȖȊȠ ǷȖȚȖȔ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȉ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȔȍșȚȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȈ-
Șȣ Țȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ©ȗȓȈȊȈȦ-
ȡțȦ ȋȖȘțª ȐȓȐ ȕȍȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ ǺȈȒ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȠȓȈ ȌȖ ȊȍȟȍȘ-
ȕȐȝ șțȔȍȘȍȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȉȖȠȓȖșȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ
Ǫ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȊȖ-
ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȘȐțȚȖȔȐȓȐșȤ Ȉ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
ȕȈ ©ǹțȏȐª ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȐȑ Ȍȓȧ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ
ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȊȍșȚȐ ȕȖȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȖțȎȐȕȈȊ ȔȖȐ ȔȈȚȘȖ-
șȣ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȓȍȋ ȊȈȝȚȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȓȈȋȍȘȧ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȓȈȋȍȘȦ Ȉ ȟȈșȖȊȖȑ ȕȍ-
ȌȖȓȋȖ ȌțȔȈȧ ȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȔ
ǭȑ-ǩȖȋț ȚțȚ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȧ ȌȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊț


204
ǪȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ ȖȒȈ ȊȍșȤ ȋȈȘȕȐȏȖȕ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȓȈȋȍȘȧ ȚȈȔ ȉȣȓȖ
ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȒȈȒ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȞȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȣ ȖȚ ȗȧȚȖȒ ȌȖ ȏțȉȖȊ — ȒȈȎȐșȤ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȚȈ ȉȖȧȚȤ-
șȧ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ — ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ
ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ Ȋșȧ ȊȈȚȈȋȈ ș ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ ȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȊȘȈșșȣȗȕțȦ ȗȖ
ȉȍȘȍȋț ȊȏȣȊȈȧ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ
ǵȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȈȝȚȈ ǶȌȐȕ ȔȈȚȘȖș ȌȍȎțȘȐȓ ȒȈȒ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȖȗȈșȕȣȝ ȊȖȌȈȝ ț ȏȈȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȍȟȤȦ Ȑ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȑ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȗțȠȒȐ ǵȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȌțȔȈȧ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȕțȓ ȏȈȚȘȈȊ-
Ȓț Ȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ȋȘȧȕțȓ ȚțȟȈ ȒȈȘȚȍȟȐ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ
ǺțȚ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ șțȔȈȚȖȝȈ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȈȧ ǷȖ-
ȒțȌȈ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ țȕȧȚȤ ȊȍșȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȑ ȠțȔ ȗȖȒțȌȈ șȗț-
ȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȖȚȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȗȖȊ ȋȈȘȕȐȏȖȕ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȓȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ǵȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȌȈ-
ȓȍȒȖ-ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȈȝ ȏȈȎȋȓȐșȤ ȖȋȕȐ Ȑ ȖȚȚțȌȈ șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ
ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȚȈȔȚȈȔȈ
ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȋȖȘȈȝ ȒțȌȈ șȗȘȧ-
ȚȈȓȐșȤ ȚțȏȍȔȞȣ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ ȥȝȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ț ȕȈș ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ
ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȌȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ Ǩ ȒȈȒ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȓȖ ȧ ș ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟȍȔ Ȑ ȌȦȎȐȕȖȑ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȝȓȈȌ-
ȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȐ
ǰ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ"
Ǵȣ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț Ȋșȍȑ șțȔȧȚȐȞȣ
Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȐ șȈȎȍȕȧȝ ȖȚ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȖȒȖȗȖȊ ȋȌȍ ȍȡȍ ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȝț-
ȘȈȎȒȐ Ȑ șȈȗȖȋȐ ȔȖȐȝ ȝȘȈȉȘȣȝ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ Ȕȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕțȦ ȚțȠț ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȊȈȓȧȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
Ƿțȓȧ Ȑȏ ȘțȎȤȧ ȟȈșȖȊȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȔȐȔȖ Ȉ țȋȖȌȐȓȈ
ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȓȖȉ ȕȖȟȕȖȔț șȒȐȚȈȓȤȞț Ȑ țȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ȉȣȒ șȖ șȗȐȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȘȖȋȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȧȘȔȖȔ ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ
ǿȍȋȖ ȐșȒȈȓȖ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȊȠȍȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț
ȕȍ ȉȍȘțșȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȖșȚț ȉȘȖȌȐȓȖ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȐȡȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ
ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ
ǪȍȌȤ ȚțȏȍȔȞȣ-ȚȖ ȕȈȗțȋȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȖȔ ȕȍ
ȚȖ șȒȈȏȒȈȔȐ Ȗ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐª ȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȣ Ȑ ȚțȌȈ Ȏȍ


205
țȋȕȈȓȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȊȖȐ șȚȈȌȈ ǵȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȈȝ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ
șȒțȌȕȈȧ Ȑ șȒȖȚȐȕȍ ȚȈȔ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȊȍșȍȓȖ ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȉȣȒ ȕȈ șȊȖȍ ȋȖȘȍ Ȑ țȌȘȈȓ ș ȋȖȘ ȗȖȉȓȐ-
Ȏȍ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌ Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȓȈȋȍ-
ȘȦ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȠțȔț«
ǷȖȎțȘȐȓ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȣȌȐȓ ȧ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȘȈȏȌȍ-
ȓȈȊ Ȑȝ ȕȈ Ȗȉȍ ȒȖȘȒȐ
Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȌȈ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ
ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȗ ȘȈȏ-
ȉȖȑȕȐȒȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȧȝ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȐșȚȍȘȐȒȐ ȏȈȒȈȚȣ-
ȊȈȦȚ"
ǵȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȔȐȕțȓ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ Ȑ
ȖȌȕȈ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ șȚȖȘȖȕȈ Ȋ ȕȖȟȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȐ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȦ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ȚțȏȍȔȞȍȊ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȓȐȠȍȕȣ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ șȖȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȖȉȘȍșȚȐ ȝȖȚȤ ȗȈȘȖȟȒț ȉȈȘȈȕȖȊ Ȍȓȧ ȖșȊȍȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ șȚȖȓȈ
Ǩ ȚțȚ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȉȣȒ Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ țȗȐȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȉȣȓ Ȓ ȕȈ-
ȠȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ
ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȕȣ ȘȈșȗȓȈșȚȈȓȐ ȚțȠț ǺȘȍȉțȝț ȊȣȒȐȕțȓȐ Ȋ
ȔȖȘȍ ȗțșȚȤ Ȑ ȘȣȉȈȔ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ Ǩ ȔȧșȖ ȏȈȉȘȈȓȐ
ȕȈ șțȌȕȖ Ȑ șȌȈȓȐ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȒȖȒț ș ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȍȔ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȗȐȘ
ȋȖȘȖȦ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȐȧ ȝȘȈȉȘȖșȚȐ ț Țȍȝ șȈȔȣȝ ȉȘȈȊȣȝ ȔȈȚȘȖ-
șȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓȐ« ȉȣȒȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ
ǻȚȘȍȕȕȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȠȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȊȧȓȖ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȍȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈȔȐ ȐșȚȖȡȐȓȈ ȕȈ-
ȠȐ șȐȓȣ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȕȍȊȖȓȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȠȓȧȓȐșȤ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȖȕȕȣȍ Ȗșȍȕ-
ȕȐȍ ȔțȝȐ ȍȓȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȧ ȓȈȗȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȓȐȗȈȧ Ȓ ȔȍșȚț ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȋȌȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȖȘȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȏȈȌȘȍȔȈȚȤ
ǵȖ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ǪșȦȌț șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ șȈ-
ȔȐȔȐ șȖȉȖȦ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȗȖȡȈȌȣ ȚȘȈȊȐȓȐ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȊȠȐ-
ȝșȧ Ȋ ȟȈșȣ ȗȈȕȐȒȐ
ǵȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȌȈȎȍ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȒȈȒțȦ-
ȚȖ ©ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȦª ș ȗȖȌȕȍșȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȍȔț ȊșȦ șțȔȈȚȖȝț
ȟȈșȖȊȖȔț ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ǹȚȖȒȚȖȕț șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȧ
— ǶȘȌȍȕȈ ȉȣȟȈȟȤȍȋȖ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȕȈ ȔțȈȘȖȊȖȑ
ȓȍȕȚȍ


206
ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ©ȕȈȋȘȈȌȣª Ȑ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ
ȊȐȏȎȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȌȖȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȖșȍȕȖȒ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȋȕȈȓȐ Ȋ
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ țȋȖȓ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖȊȍșȐȓȐ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ șȊȖȑ ȖȘȌȍȕ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȐșȒțșȕȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖȕȟȐȒȈ
ȉȣȟȈȟȤȍȋȖ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȖȉȘȍȏȒȖȊ ȎȍșȚȐ ȖȚ ȧȡȐȒȖȊ ș
ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȍȚțȠȐȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȤȍȊ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȓȐ ǬȎȐȔȔȐ ©ș ȖȘȌȍȕȖȔ Ȑ ȟȐȕȖȔª
Ȑ ȊȣȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȖ ȒȖȊȠț ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȖȒțȌȈ
ȉȍȌȕȧȋȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȔȖȒ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȏȔȖȓȐȓșȧ Ȗ ȗȖȡȈȌȍ
ǬȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȔȖȐȔ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈȔ Ȓ ȚȍȔ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȌȍȗțȚȈȞȐȧ
Ȑȏ ȗȧȚȐ ȗȖșȓȈȕȞȍȊ ȖȚ șȈȔȖȑ ȍȍ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȐª ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȖȚȟȍȚȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ȖșȔȍȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ șȗț-
șȒȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤ ȒȖșȚȖȟȒȐ ǭȍ ǪȍȓȐȟȍ-
șȚȊȈ"
©ǯȍȓȍȕțȦ șȔȍȘȚȤª ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȓ ȕȈȘȧȌȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȉȈȓȈȝȖȕ
ȕȈȠ ȗȖȊȈȘ ȌȈȚȟȈȕȐȕ ǫȈȕșȍȕ
ǰ ȟȍȘȚ Ȑȝ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȥȚȐȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȞȍȊ ȌȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ șȚȍ-
ȗȍȕȐ ȖȕȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ Ȋ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ"
ǺȈȒ ǫȈȕșȍȕ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȕȍ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȉȖȟ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȗȈȘȣ ȌȖșȖȒ ǭȋȖ ȉȈȓȈȝȖȕ ȉȣȓ ȧȘȒȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ Ǩ
ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ«
ǷȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȧ Ȑ șȈȔ ȗȖȗȧȚȐȓșȧ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț
DzȈȕȈȓȤȐ țȝȐȚȘȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȍȗȈȘȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȗ țȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȕȖ-
ȟȤȦ ȉȣȒȈ ȊȣȒȘȈșȐȓȐ ȚȖȎȍ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ ȊȗȓȖȚȤ ȌȖ ȘȖȋȖȊ
Ȑ ȕȈȞȍȗȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȈȠȒț ǫȈȕșȍȕȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ
ȕȈȌ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȦ ȥȚț țșȚȘȈȠȈȦȡțȦ ȠȚțȒț ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȠȍșȚȍ
Ǫ ȖȉȡȍȔ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ
Ȑ ȗȘȍȕȍȓȍȗȖȑ«
Ǩ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȚȘȖȕȈ ȊȣȗȓȧșȣȊȈȓȐ ©ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȍ ǭȍ ǪȍȓȐȟȍșȚ-
ȊȈª ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ ȒȘȈȉ ȈȒțȓȈ Ȕȍȟ-ȘȣȉȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȗȈțȒ Ȗȕ Ȏȍ
ǴȈȘȒ ǴȈȚȐș ȕȈ ȝȖȌțȓȤȒȈȝ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȍ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȐȏȎȈȓȖ ȒțȊȣȘȒȈȓȖșȤ ȌțȌȍȓȖ șȊȐșȚȍȓȖ Ȑ ȖȘȈȓȖ
ȕȈ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȝ ȧȏȣȒȈȝ
Ǫȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȌțȔȈȍȚȍ
— ǵȈ ȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȟȍȘȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǹȔȐȚ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȈȚȘȖ-
șȈȔ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȌțȘȈȒȈ ȊȈȓȧȚȤ"
Ǩ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȟț ȗȘȖșȚȖ


207
— ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȖșșȒȈȏȕȐ Ȗ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐª ȚȈȒȐ
ȕȈȊȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ țȕȣȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ ȘȈȏȊȐȓȐ
ȕȍȘȊȕȖșȚȤ
ǰ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ Ȍțȝ ȒȖȔȈȕ-
Ȍȣ Ǩ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ Ȑ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ
ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȍȑ
ǯȕȈȍȚȍ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȉțȕȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ ȌȈ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȊȖ-
ȌȈȝ"ǺȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȖȕȖ
ǵȍȚ țȎ ȓțȟȠȍ ȗțșȚȤ ȔȖȐ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȗȖȉȍșȕțȦȚșȧ ȖȚȊȍȌțȚ
ȌțȠț ǩȍȌȣ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍȚț
ǷȘȈȏȌȕȍșȚȊȖ ©ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔª ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ©ǯȍ-
ȓȍȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐª Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȈȦȚȍ
ǷȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȖ ȗȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȈ șțȌȕȈ ș
ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȍȔ Ȋ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȖȌȊȓȈșȚȕȣȍ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐª
ȇ țȟȚȐȊȖ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ ȏȈ ȗȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐȓșȧ
ȒȈȒȖȑ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȗȐȚȖȒ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȏȈ șȊȖȐȔ șȚȖȓȖȔ ǭȍ
ǪȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ"
— DzȘȖȔȍ ȠȈȔȗȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȤȍȚ ǵȖ ȘȈȌȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ
ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈ șȖȋȓȈșȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȉțȚȣȓȒț ȘȖȔț
— ǪȣȒȈȚȐȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȉȖȟȖȕȖȒ — ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȌȐȓșȧ ȧ
ǰ ©ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȖª ȏȈȧȊȐȊ ȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȓȈȌȣȟȐȞȣ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖȍ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȕȖșȚȤ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ țșȓțȋȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ Ȑ
ȗȘȐ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ țȌȈȓȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȋȌȍ șȍȑȟȈș
Ȏȍ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȘȈșȗȐȚȐȍ ȗȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȉȖȟȖȕȖȟȒȈ ȘȖȔț
ǹȓȖȊȖȔ ȊȍșȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ț ȕȈș ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȉȍȏ
ȚȖȓȒț Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ Ȉ Ȓ
ȊȍȟȍȘț ȔȖȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȏȖȋȘȍȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ
Ȍȍȓȍ șȈȔȈ ȔȐȜȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖ ȖȕȐ
ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȉȣ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȏȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȈȘȈ Ȑ ȕȈȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȉȣ
ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔȐ ȒțȓȈȒȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȏȈȋȘȐȊȒț«
ǻȚȘȖȔ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȍȌȊȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȓȖ ȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ
ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȊșȦ ȒȖȔȈȕȌț
— ǵț ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ǷȖȉȈȓȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȠțȚȐȓȐ ȗȖȘȈ Ȑ ȟȍșȚȤ
ȏȕȈȚȤ ǵȍ șȚȖȧȚȤ Ȏȍ ȚțȚ ȕȈȔ ȊȍȟȕȖ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǬȍȕȤ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȖȧ șȈȔȐ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȒȈȒ ȜțȕȚȖȊ
ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ Ǩ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ Ȕȣ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ©ǹțȏȐª
ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȜțȕȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ǷȖȘȈ Ȑ ȟȍșȚȤ ȏȕȈȚȤ


208
— ǬȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ" ǬȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȕȣ ȟȚȖ" — șȒȖȕ-
ȜțȎȍȕȕȖ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȔȖȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȞȣ
— ǺȈȒ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț ǫȥȑ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ǫȖȚȖȊȤșȧ Ȓ șȗțșȒț
ǪȖȌȖȓȈȏȕȣȑ ȉȖȚ ȕȈ ȊȖȌț
ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟ Ǻȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȚȍ ȇ șȈȔ șȗțȡțșȤ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȈȘ-
ȚȐȍȑ
ǰ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȏȈȒȐȗȍȓȈ
ǬȖ ȗȖȓțȌȕȧ Ȕȣ ȊȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖ-ȚȈȒȐ ȘȈșȟȐșȚȐȓȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȓȖȔ Ȋ ȉȖȒț ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȐª ȘȈȏȊȖȘȖȚȐȓȐ ȌȣȘț ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȈȘȈ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȍșȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ
ȚȘȦȔ șțȌȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȋȘțȏ Ȑ ȗȘȐ
ȥȚȖȔ ȧ ȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȖȏȈȉȖȚȐȓșȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȉȐȚȣ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȊȍȘȕțȚȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȖȉȠȐȊȒȐ ȉȖȘ-
ȚȈ ȊȍȌȤ șȈȔȐ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȓȐ ȌȖ ȋȘȍȝȈ" ǷȘȐ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖȔ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȘȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȐȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖș-
ȚȦȔ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȋȊȖȏȌȤ ȐȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȠȗȐȓȤ Ȑ ȊȖ-
ȌȈ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕȍȚ ȊȕțȚȘȤ ȏȈȌțȠȐȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȍȡȍ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȈșȚ șȐȋȕȈȓ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ șȐ-
ȌȧȡȐȍ Ȋ ȉȖȚȍ țșȗȍȦȚ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȘțȎț Ǩ ȚȖ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȐ ȏȈ ȗȖȕȦȠȒț ȚȈȉȈȒț
ǪȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȘȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ țșȗȍȓȐ ȊȣȊȈ-
ȓȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȚȘȦȔȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȌȕȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȞȍȕȚȕȍȘȖȊ ȘȈȒȖ-
ȊȐȕ Ȉ ȧ ȕȈȋȘțȏȐȓ ȠȚțȒ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȒȖȊȠȍȑ
Ǫ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȔț ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȠȓȈ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ
țșȗȍȠȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ©ǹțȏȐª ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ
ȌȖȓȋȖ șȚȖȧȚȤ ț ȥȚȐȝ ȖȗȈșȕȣȝ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ Ȋ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ șȈȔȖȍ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍȍ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȚȤ ȕȈȘțȎț Ȗȗ-
ȘȖșȚȈȊ ȚȘȦȔȣ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȐª Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋȣ-
ȚȈȡȍȕȕȣȔ Ȉ ȚȈȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȧȒȖȘȤ ȘȈȏȊȍșȚȐ ȗȈȘȣ Ȑ ȋȈȑȌȈ ȗȖ
ȌȖȔȈȔ«
ǵȖ ȒȚȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȚȖȚ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȕȈ țȌȈȟț
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȔȖȘȍ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȐ ȌțȝȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ — Ȋ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȔǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȖȕȖ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȖ Ȓ ȔȖȘȧȒț ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ǩȖȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ,
ȗȖȟȍȔț ȖȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȏȓȐȚșȧ ȘȈșșȊȐȘȍȗȍȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȒȈȟȈȚȤ
ǺȈȒ ȊȣȠȓȖ Ȑ ș ȕȈȔȐ Dz ȊȍȟȍȘț ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȟȚȖ ȉȈȘȖȔȍȚȘ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȍ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ


209
ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ Ȗȝ ȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȖȕȖ Ȕȕȍ
ǬȖ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ ȍȡȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȉ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȉȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȣȞȊȍȓȖ ȗȖȉ-
ȓȍȌȕȍȓȖ Ȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȕȐȚȐ ȚȧȕțȚșȧ ȗȖ ȕȍȔț ș ȦȋȈ ȕȈ
șȍȊȍȘ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ ȓȍȋȐȖȕȈȔȐ ȔȟȈȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȌȖșȧȋȈȍȔȖȑ
ȊȣșȐ«
ǷȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȖȕȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȊȌȈȓȐ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȈ ǺȈȔ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ țȎȍ ȐȌȍȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ
ǷȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȕȍȚ șȒȊȍȘȕȈȧ ȠȚțȒȈ
ǩțȝȚȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȔȖȧ ©ǹțȏȐª ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȈ
ȚȖȚ șȓțȟȈȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȠȓȈ ș șȍȊȍȘȖ-ȏȈȗȈȌȈ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ țȌȈ-
ȘȐȚ ș ȦȋȖ-ȊȖșȚȖȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȦȋȈ ȚțȚ ȊȖȌȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȐȗȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȒȖȚ-
ȓȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȧȒȖȘȧȝ ȕȍ țȌȍȘȎȐȠȤșȧ ǴȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȊȣȒȐ-
ȕțȚȤ Ȉ ȚȖ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț Ȗ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȍ ȘȐȜȣ ȘȈșȒȖȓȖȚȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ
ȘȈșȒȖȓȖȚȐȓȖ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒțª
ǴȖȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ȧ ȗȈȘȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȧȒȖȘȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ
țȓȍȗȍȚȣȊȈȚȤ
ǷȖȓȕȣȝ ȌȊȖȍ șțȚȖȒ ȉȖȘȖȓȐșȤ Ȕȣ ș ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ ȉțȘȍȑ
ǹ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ țȎ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȌȈ-
ȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ǩȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȧȚțȦ ȌȖȓȦ
ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȘțȏȈ ǵȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȏȈȉȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ-
șȦȌȈ
Ǩ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ Ȑ ©ǹțȏȐª ȕȍ ȗȖȚȍ-
ȘȧȚȤ ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȉȓȈȋȖțșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȈȊȈȕȍȑ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȋȌȍ
Ȏȍ ȐșȒȈȚȤ" dzȍȚ ȗȧȚȤ-ȌȍșȧȚȤ Ȉ ȚȖ Ȑ șȚȖ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ
ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ șȗȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ș ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈșȍ-
ȓȐȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȊȣșȚȘȖȐȚ ȔȈȧȒȐ țșȚȘȖȐȚ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȖȚșȚȈȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȘȍȑȌȍ
ȐȓȐ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȔ Ȗ
șȒȈȓȣ ǵȖ ȊșȍȔț ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȒȖȕȍȞ ǷȘȐȠȍȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȊ-
Ƞȍȑ ȕȈ ȕȈș șȚȖȓȤ ȕȍ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȉțȘȐ
ǷȖșȊȍȚȓȍȓȖ ȕȍȉȖ țȓȍȋȓȐșȤ ȋȖȕȧȊȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȍ ȔȖȘȧ
ȌȘțȋ ȏȈ ȌȘțȎȒȖȑ ȋȖȘȣ-ȊȖȓȕȣ ǹȚȐȝ ȌțȊȠȐȑ șȊȐȘȍȗȣȔȐ ȗȖ-
ȘȣȊȈȔȐ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ ©ǹțȏȐª ȖȗȘȈȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȊȍȘ-
ȕțȚȤ ȉțȠȗȘȐȚ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ǩȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȖȔț ȖșȚȘȖȊț
ǭȡȍ șțȚȒȐ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȐ ȗȖȒțȌȈ Ȕȣ ȌȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ
șȚȈȓȐ Ȋ ȉțȝȚȍ ȕȈ ȧȒȖȘȍ
ǩȖȎȍ Țȣ ȔȖȑ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȕȍșȠȈȧșȧ
ȕȈȌ ȥȚȐȔ ȖșȚȘȖȊȒȖȔ ȉțȘȧ ȏȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ" Ƕȟȍ-


210
ȊȐȌȕȖ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ Ȕȣ țȌȘȈȓȐ
ǪȍșȤ ȉȍȘȍȎȖȒ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȒȘȣȚ ȋȘțȌȈȔȐ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ
ȕȈȕȍșȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ șȊȐȘȍȗȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ǶȚ țșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȕȈȔȐ ȓȈȋȍȘȧ ș ȉȈȘȈȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȒȖȗȈȔȐ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȍȌ
ȊȍȚȍȘ ȘȈȏȔȍȚȈȓ ȉȈȘȈȒȐ ȗȖ ȡȍȗȒȈȔ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȘȈȏȔȣȓȐ ȖȒȖȗȣ
ǰ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȝȊȈȚȈȓ ȋȓȈȏ ȗȖȊșȦȌț ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ
ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ ȌȖșȖȒ Ȑ ȉȈȓȖȒ
ȇ șȘȈȏț ȏȈȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ș ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȖȑª ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȖȉșȚȖȐȚ
ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ Ȑ ȔȖȐ ȖȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐșȤ
DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ țȓȍȋȓȖșȤ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȧ ȓȐȟ-
ȕȖ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚ-
ȊțȦȡȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȏȈȚȖȕțȊȠȍȍ șțȌȕȖ șȌȊȐȕțȓȖ ș ȔȍșȚȈ ȗȖȌȊȖȓȖȒ-
ȓȖ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓȖ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȥȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȔ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȕȈ ȘțȒț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȕȐȍ ȋȘțȏȈ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȐª țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȐȝ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȚȘȐ ȟȍȚ-
ȊȍȘȚȐ ȖșȚȈȊȈȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȦȔȈȝ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕ ȊȣșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȗȘȖ-
șȚț ȕȈ ȌȕȖ Ȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȋȖȘȈȔȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ǯȕȈȑ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌȉȐȘȈȑ ȌȈ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȑ Ȋ ȒȖȊȠȐ
ȇ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȓ ȖșȔȖȚȘ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ șțȌȕȈ Ȑ țȎȍ ȌȈȓ șȐȋȕȈȓ Ȗ
ȗȖȌȕȧȚȐȐ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȐ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȉțȘȧ
ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȌȍȓȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ Ȍȕȍ Ǩ ȍȡȍ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȖȚ
țȘȖȊȕȧ ȔȖȘȧ ȊȖȌȈ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȈ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȔȖ-
ȔȍȕȚȣ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ șȕȈȘțȎȐ"
ǷȖȓȖȎȐȔ ȟȚȖ ȉțȝȚȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȈª ȖșȖ-
ȉȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȖȑ ȕȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ«
ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȓ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȕȈȕȍșȓȖ ȕȈ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
Ȕȣȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȍ șȒȈȓȣ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȋȘțȌȣ ȗȍșȒț ȕȍ ȚȖ ȋȖȘȣ
ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ țȓȍȋȠȐșȤ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȈȝ ȐȔȍȓȖ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ șȈȔȣȍ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ
ǵț ȌȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȏȍ ǪȖȕ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȝȊȖșȚ șȚȍ-
ȓȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȖȋȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȌȕȈ șȊȍșȐȊȠȐșȤ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȓȖșȒȖȑ
șȒȈȓȣ ȊȕȐȏ Ǩ ȊȖȕ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ ȝȘȍȉȍȚ ș ȟțȚȤ ȗȘȖșȊȍȟȐȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȔȐșȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘȍȉȘȈȔȐ Ǩ ȊȖȕ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ«


211
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ șȔțȚȕȖ ȟțȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ ȚțȔȈȕȍ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȖȚ ȔȍșȚȈ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȉ
ȊȍȌȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ ȊȖȌȈ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
ǵț ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ șȈȎȍȕ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ Ǩ ȌȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȔȋȓȈ șȋțȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ șȋțȡȈȍȚșȧ«
ǹȚȖȗ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ
ǵȍ ȥȚț ȓȐ șȈȔțȦ ȠȚțȒț ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȑ ȔȖȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ"
ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ
ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȖȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȠȐȔ șȚȘȈȝȈȔ
ǶȌȐȕ ȗȘȖșȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ șȒȈȓ ȗȍș-
ȟȈȕȣȝ ȉțȋȘȖȊ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȗțȟȒȈȔȐ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ Ȑ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ
ǬȘțȋȖȔț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȠȚțȒȈ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȚșȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȗț-
ȋȈȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
Ǩ ȧ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȊȖȚ șȔȖȚȘȦ Ȑ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȦ Ȑ
Ȕȕȍ ȕȐȟțȚȤ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȕȖȠțșȤ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȍȍ Ȓ Ȍȍȓț Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȦ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
Ǵȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ șȔȍȠȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ
ǰ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȧ ȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȉȖȚ șȐȋȕȈȓ
șȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȈȘȣ


212
ǴȐȕțȚț șȗțșȚȧ ș ȒȈȟȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȉȖȚȈ ȗȖȠȓȈ
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍșȒȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ
ǷȘȍȕȍȓȍȗȖȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ șȗțșȒȈȦȡȐȑșȧ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ
șȊȍȘȝț ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ ȕȍ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧ-
ȓȖ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȔȍȦșȤ ȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȔ șȚȘȈ-
ȝȖȔ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ
ǷțșȚȤ ȖȕȐ șȗțșȚȧȚșȧ ȏȈȑȔțȚșȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏ-
ȘȍȊȈȧ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ țȋȓțȉȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȧ ȗȖȒȈȎț ȐȔ ȜȈȕȚȈ-
șȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ Ȑ ȔȐȔȐȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȗȘȖ-
Ƞț ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȐ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ȌțȔȈȦȚ Ȗ ȗȖȌȊȖȌ-
ȕȖȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ"
ǪȏȘȖșȓȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȉ ȔȖȋțȚ ȌȖȑȚȐ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȋȘțȌȣ ȗȍșȒț
Ȑ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȏȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȟțȌȐȡȍ ȗȈȌȈȦȚ Ȋ Ȗȉ-
ȔȖȘȖȒȐ șȚțȟȈȚ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ǹȚȣȌ Ȑ șȘȈȔ
ǵȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ țȎȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȊȖȏȓȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ Șț-
ȒȈȝ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȐȘȒȈ Ȉ ȏȈ ȗȖȧșȖȔ ȔȈȓȈȑșȒȐȑ ȒȘȐșș ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȍ
ȖȘțȎȐȍ ȕȈ șȓțȟȈȑ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȈȒțȓȣ
ǹȗțșȒȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ
ǭȌȊȈ ȌȖȎȌȈȊȠȐșȤ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȐ ȒȖșȕțȓȐșȤ ȌȕȈ ȧ
șȘȈȏț ȚȘȖȕțȓ Ȑȝ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ Ȋ Țț șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕț ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȋȖȘȈ
ǵȖ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȔȖȍ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȍș-
ȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ Ȑșȗțȋ"
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȣ ȥȚȐȝ ȉțȋȘȖȊ ȗȍșȒț Ȑ ȊȖȌȖȘȖș-
ȓȍȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
Ǫșȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ȒȈȒ șȕȖȊȐȌȍȕȤȍ
ȇ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ
ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ"
ǬȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȖȍ ȕȈȊȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ"
ǰȓȐ«
ǰȓȐ Ȑ ȧ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ ȘȈȏ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȗțȡțșȤ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ
ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤșȧ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ"
ǴȖȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ȧȊȕȖ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ
Ȏȍ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
ǶȕȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȐ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț ȠȓȍȔț șȊȖȐ ȠȓȍȔȣ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ
ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ șȚȍȒȓȈ Ȋ ȔȍȌȕȖȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȑ ȖȗȘȈȊȍ


213
ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȍ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȓȐ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȚȤ
— ǿȍȋȖ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȝȖȟȍȠȤ"
Ǩ ȧ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ǹȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚ ȗȖȌșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ǵț
ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȟȍȘȚț ȥȚȖȚ ȋȘțȏ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕ
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȗȓȦ țȉȣȚȖȒ Ȋ ȌȊȍ-ȚȘȐ șȖȚȕȐ ȜțȕȚȖȊ șȚȍȘ-
ȓȐȕȋȖȊ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȚȤ ȔȖȐȝ ȐȏȌȍȘȎȍȒ ȖȒțȗȐȚșȧ
țȎȍ ȌȖȉȣȚȣȔȐ șȖ ȌȕȈ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȈȔȐ
ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ țȎ ȉȍȌȍȕ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȖȚȍȘȐ ǵȍ
ȘȈȏȖȘȐȚ ȖȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ
ǵȖ ȚțȚ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȍ șȈȔȖȓȦȉȐȍ ǯȕȈȍȚȍ Ȋȣ ȋȖș-
ȗȖȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ șȈȔȖȓȦȉȐȍ ȔȖȘȧȒȈ"
ȇ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȈȔ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȕțșȤ
ȧ ȍșȓȐ ȊȖȚ ȚȈȒ ȕȐ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȕȐ ș șȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȗȘȐȚȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȔȍȘȍȡȐȓȖșȤ ȖȚȌȈȔ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ țșȗȍȠȕȖ ȐȌțȡȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȧȒȖȘȧ țȓȍ-
ȗȍȚȕț Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ"
ǹȓȈȊȈ ǩȖȋț ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ Ȗ ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕȍ ǹȔȐȚȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȘțș ȐȓȐ ȓțȕȈȚȐȒ
ǵȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȊȏȌȖȘ ǩțȌȍȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ǰ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǬȊȈ
ȐȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȒȖȊȠȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ȕȈȋȘțȎȍȕȖ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈȌ șȈȔȣȔȐ ȕȈȠȐȔȐ
ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ ©ǹțȏȐª ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ
ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȍȚ țȎȍ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖ-
ȘȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ
ǰ ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȥȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ Ȋșȍ«
ǴȖȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ȒȖȗȖȠȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ț ȉȖȘȚȈ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȐª
ȧ Ȏȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȉțȠȗȘȐȚȈ
ǶȕȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ șȖȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȚȈșȒȈȧ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȣ Ȑ ȕȈȒȓȈ-
ȌȣȊȈȧ Ȑȝ Ȋ șȗțȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȊȠ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȗȖȒțȌȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȐ ȇ Ȏȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȊȠȐșȤ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ǰ
ȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȇ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȕȍȓȍȗȖȍ
șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȖȘȗțșȈ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȐª șȓȖȊȕȖ ȋȐ-
ȋȈȕȚșȒȈȧ ȚȘțȉȈ șțȎȐȊȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȒȊȍȘȝț Ȑ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȦȡȈȧșȧ
ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȒȖȓȗȈȒȖȔ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȥȚȈ ȚȘțȉȈ ȗȍȘȍȋȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȗțșȚȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȉȖȘȚȖȔ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ Ƞȍȧ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ


214
ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȕȈș ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȓ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȕȐȒ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ — ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ
șȔȍȘȚȤª ȕȈȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȕȣ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȍȠȈȓȐșȤ ȚȘȖȍ șțȚȖȒ ȚȖ-
Ȕț ȕȈȏȈȌ«
DzȈȒȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ"
ǭȑ-ǩȖȋț ȧ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȧȦșȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ǷȖ-ȔȖȍȔț ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ
ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ ș șȈȔțȦ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȉȖȟȒț ȒȈȒțȦ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ǺȈȒ ȊȍȌȍȘ ȕȈ șȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈșȚȈ
ǪȣȚȧȕțȚȣȍ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȓȖȉ ȌȊȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ
șȊȍȚȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ȕȖȏȌȘȍȑ ȐȓȐ ȌȣȝȈȓ
ȇ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȏȈȌȍȘȋȈȓ șȐȋȕȈȓȤȕțȦ ȊȍȘȍȊȒț ȌȈȊȈȧ șȐȋȕȈȓ
— ǹȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ǺȈȡȐȚȍ ȊȖ ȊșȦ ȔȖȟȤ
ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȐȝȘȍȔ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓȖ ȖȚ ȌȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȊȓȍȒȓȖ ȕȈȘțȎț Ȓ ȗȓȧșȈȊȠȍȔț ț ȉȖȘȚȈ ©ǹțȏȐª ȉȖȚț ș ȕȈșȖ-
șȖȔǷȖȔȕȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȎȈȘȒȖ ȕȍșȚȍȘȗȐȔȖ ȎȈȘȒȖ
ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ș ȕȖȋ ȌȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȖȉȓȐȓșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ǰ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝț ȧ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȓșȧ
ǰ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȌȐȒȐȔ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍș-
ȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
ȇ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȘȐȒ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȖȊ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ
ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖ ȕȍ ȕțȎȍȕ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȍȕ Ȗȕ ȘȖȎȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ
ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȠȓȍȔȈ ǵȈȊȍȘȝț ț ȚȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ șȐȌȐȚ ț ȕȈșȖșȈ
ȌȍȘȎȐȚ șȓțȝȖȊțȦ ȚȘțȉȒț șȓȣȠȍȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȑ ȘȍȊ ȉȍșșȊȧȏ-
ȕȣȑ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ ȕȍȟȓȍȕȖȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȘȍȊ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȖȚ
țȎȈșȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǵȖ Țȍ ȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȔȖȋ
ȉȣ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ Ȗ ȋȘȖȏȧȡȍȑ ȐȔ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȗ
ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȍȑ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȏȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ — Țȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȖ ȏȊț-
ȒȈ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȓȈȉȖȋȖ«
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȖșȚȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȖȐȔȐ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ
ǬȈ ȖȕȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȔȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ
ȇ ȔȈȝȈȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȐȔ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ©ǬȎȍșșȐȒȐª ȕȈ
șȊȍșȐȊȠȍȍșȧ ȕȈȌ Ȑȝ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȏȔȍȐȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȍ ©ȕȍȟȚȖª ȠȍȦ
Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊț ©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐª


215
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȏȣȋȘȈȓȖșȤ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ
ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȦ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȚȈȒȐȝ Ȗȉ-
șȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȧ ȒȈȎțȚșȧ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȕȖ Ȑ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ«
ǷȖȔȕȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȖ-
ȓȈȏȖȊ ȚȖȎȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȌȕȈ
ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ Ȗȕ ȌȈȓ șȐȋȕȈȓ Ȓ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȐȦ
ǰ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐ ǵȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȗȖ ȓȐȕȐȐ
ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȑ ȔȐȔȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ
ǰ ȧ șȔțȚȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȈ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ ȏȔȍȐȕȈȧ Ƞȍȧ ȊȣȚȧ-
ȋȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȐȏțȔ-
ȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȟȍȘȊȧȒ ȖșȔȍȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȚȤșȧ«
ǷȖȚȖȔ«
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ șȊȧȏȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ
ǷȖȔȕȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȠȓȦȗȒȐ ǪȚȈ-
ȡȐȓȐ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȠȓȍȔ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȔȖȐȔ
ȠȓȍȔȖȔ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȖȑ
șȐȓȖȑ ȌȍȘȕțȓȖ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕ ȍȡȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȊ-
ȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȕȈȠ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ
ǺȖȓȟȖȒ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȚ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ
șȒȖȘȓțȗȒȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȉȣȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȗȖșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌț
ǵȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ©ǹțȏȐª țȎȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ț
ȕȈș ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȓȈȌȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ șȗțȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȖȚȣ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȉȘȈȓȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈș Ȑ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ șȔȧȚȍȕȤȍ ȞȈȘȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȈ-
ȓțȉȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ șțȌȕȈ.
ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ ȚȖȓȗȐȓȐșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȊȖ-
ȌȖȓȈȏȈ ǩȖȞȔȈȕ ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ȉȍȌȕȧȒȈ
Ȋ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ ȉȣȓ ȔȍȘȚȊ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȏȈȌȖȝȕțȚȤșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȠȓȍȔȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȖș-
ȚȖȧȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȒ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȍ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȒȈȒ
ț ȉȣȒȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȖȚ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȣșȚȘȖȋȖ Ȑȏ-
ȔȍȕȍȕȐȧ ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȑ șȘȍȌȣ
ǰ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȍȘȚȊ«
ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ — Ȗȕ țȔȍȘ ȖȚ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈ
șȍȘȌȞȈ


216
ǷȖȟȍȔț"
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȕȖȍ șȈȔȖȑ țȎȈșȕȖȑ ȋȘȐȔȈșȖȑ ȒȈ-
ȒțȦ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǰ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋȣȗțȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȕȈȓȐȊȠȐȍ-
șȧ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȖșȚȍȒȓȍȊȠȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧșȕȖ ȟȐȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ țȎȈșȈ«
Ƕȕ țȔȍȘ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ țȗȖȘ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐª Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ
Ȑ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ
ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȉ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȔț ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȔț ȟțȌȐȡț ȊȏȌțȔȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ
ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȦ ȠȍȦ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ
șȊȍȚȧȡȐȔȐșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȔȖȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ
«ǹțȏȐª ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȍ ȉȍȏȌȣȝȈȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȖȉȓȐȚȖȍ
ȓȐȗȒȐȔ ȗȖȚȖȔ«
ǵȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǰ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȕȈȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȖ-
ȎȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȕȕȈȧ ȐȓȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȋȘȣȏȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȘțȉȒȈ Ȍȓȧ
ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ Ȋ ȠȓȍȔ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȕȈȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȣȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȧșȕȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ Ȗ ȌȘȈȔȍ ȘȈ-
ȏȣȋȘȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ șȊȖȍȑ
ȋȕțșȕȖȑ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȈșȚȤȦ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ
ǭȌȊȈ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȧ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȕȍȐ-
șȚȖȊȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȑ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȑ ȗȈȘȣ ǹȒȖȘȍȍ șȒȖȘȍȍ
— ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ" — ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ ȌȖȗȣȚȣȊȈȓșȧ
ȉȖȞȔȈȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊ ȔȖȍ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȐȐ ȗȈȘȖȊ Ȋ
ȔȈȠȐȕȕȖȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ
ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
— ǷȈȘȣ ȘȈȌȐ ȊșȍȋȖ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȈȑȚȍ ȗȈȘȣ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ — ǻȑȌȍȔ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ țȑȌȍȔ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ!
— ǴȈȠȐȕȐșȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȘȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣ ȕȖ ȗȖȒțȌȈ ȍȡȍ
ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȖ ǭșȓȐ șȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȔȣȔ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȝȖ-
ȌȖȔ— ǽȖȚȤ ȗȖ-ȟȍȘȍȗȈȠȤȐ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȣ ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȑ ȉțȝȚȣ
— dzȈȌȕȖ — ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȖ ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟ
ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȐȌȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖȓȒț ȕȍ ȌȖȉȤȍȠȤșȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȓșȧ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȚȤ șțȌȕȖȔ


217
— ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȑ ȧȒȖȘȤ
ȇ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏțȟȈ-
șȚȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȊȠȍȍșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ǫșȍ ȔȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȐ ȌțȔȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȕȣ Ȓ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȔț Ȍȕț ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȣȋȘȈȓȖșȤ ȚȈȔ
ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȔ ȔȐȘț ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȔ ȧȡȍȘȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȔ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȔ ȗȖȎȘȈȊȠȍȔ ȕȈ
ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ Ȑ țȉȐȊȠȍȔ ȖȌȕȐȔ
șȊȖȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ
— ǹȒȖȘȍȍ șȒȖȘȍȍ — ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓ ȧ ȉȖȞȔȈȕȈ ȍȓȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȧ ȗȍ-
ȘȍșȖȝȠȐȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ
— ǹȍȑȟȈș șȍȑȟȈș ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȟȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖȍ
ȕȍȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȟȍȔț ȐȔȍȕȐ ȕȍȚ ǶȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȔțȡȍȕȣ ȉȓȍȌ-
ȕȣ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȣ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȎȈȓȐșȤ șȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒțȟȒȐ ȘȖȉȒȖ
ȗȍȘȍȠȍȗȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȖȗȈșȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ
ȚȐȝȖ ȒȈȚȐȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȓ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖȔț ȉȍȘȍȋț ȊȖȓȕȣ
— ǹȒȖȘȍȍ șȒȖȘȍȍ ǸȈȌȐ ǩȖȋȈ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȗȈȘȖȊȈȧ ȓȍȉȍȌȒȈ ȗȖȌȚȧȕțȓȈ Ȓ ȠȓȦȏȈȔ ȕȈ ȕȖșț ȖȉȈ
ȧȒȖȘȧ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȗȖȠȓȈ ǯȈȊȍȘȚȍȓșȧ ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȦ ȊȐȕȚ ǷȈȘȖ-
ȝȖȌ șȚȈȓ ȚȐȝȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȍ
ȔȖȘȍ
ȇ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȕȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ șȕȧȓ ȜțȘȈȎȒț Ȑ ȖȚȍȘ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȐȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȓȉț ȗȖȚ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ ȜțȘȈȎȒȈ ȊȣȗȈȓȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ
ǬȈ ȧ ȧșȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȔȖȘș-
ȒȖȔ șȈȎȍȕȧȝ Ȋ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȠȍșȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȖȚ ȕȈș Ȑȏ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ ȏȈȉțȘȓȐȊȠȍȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȣșțȕțȓȖșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ Țț-
ȓȖȊȐȡȍ
ȇ ȕȍ țȔȍȦ ȖȗȧȚȤ-ȚȈȒȐ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ ȉȣȓȖ
ȖȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȐȌȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ Ƞȍȧ ȌȈ ȟȈșȚȤ șȗȐȕȣ
ǵȖ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ șȈȔȈ Ƞȍȧ ȖȚ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȚȘȍȝ ȐȓȐ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ șȈȎȍȕ Ȉ
ȚȈ ȟȈșȚȤ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ ș ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȔȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊ-
ȠȐȔȐ ȓȈșȚȣ ȚȦȓȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȌȊȖȍ ȐȓȐ ȊȚȘȖȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȍȍ ȠȍȐ
ǰ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȝȊȖșȚ
ȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ«


218
Ǫ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȧ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȖȠȐȉțșȤ ȍșȓȐ șȒȈȎț ȟȚȖ
Ȋșȍ ȚȍȓȖ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐª ȊȏȧȚȖȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȖȍ ȚȈȒ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȘȈȊȕȧȚȤșȧ șȈȎȍȕȧȔ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȚȤ,
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȌȖ ȝȊȖșȚȈ Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ȌȖ
ȋȖȓȖȊȣ«
DzȘȐȒ țȎȈșȈ ȖȋȓȈșȐȓ ȗȈȓțȉț
ǩȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ Ȋ ȗȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȔ șȚȘȈȝȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ
ȋțȘȤȉȖȑ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȗȘȧȚȈȚȤșȧ ȒțȌȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȓȧȌȧȚ
dzȦȌȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖșȓȍȗȕțȊ ȕȈȚȣȒȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȈȟȚȣ ȕȈ ȉțȝȚȣ
ȒȈȕȈȚȖȊ ȕȈ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȉȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȧȡȐȒȐ ǰȕȣȍ ȕȍ
ȌȖȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ ȌȖ ȓȦȒȖȊ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȏȔȍȧȔ ȗȖȓȏȓȐ
ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ǬȘțȋȐȍ ȌȖȉȍȎȈȊ ȌȖ ȓȦȒȖȊ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ șȒȈȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ
— ǷțȠȒț ǷțȠȒț — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ Ȋȕȍ șȍȉȧ
ȅȚȖȚ ȒȘȐȒ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȘȖ-
șȖȊǪȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ ȖȒȈ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȖȉȍȐȝ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗțȠȍȒ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ
ȊȖȏȕȧ ǯȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȖȘțȌȐȍ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȧ ȓȐȟȕȖ
Ǵȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȌțȓȖ ȔȖȍȑ ȗțȠȒȐ Ȋ
Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȋȌȍ ȍȡȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȖșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȍ Țț-
ȓȖȊȐȡȍ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐª Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȊȖȌȈ ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȓȈșȤ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȐȗȍȓȈ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȚȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȚȤ ȕȖȊȣȑ
ȒȘȐȒ țȎȈșȈ ȖȚȊȓȍȒ ȔȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
— ǯȔȍȧ ǴȖȘșȒȈȧ ȏȔȍȧ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ
ȏȈȉȘȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȊȈȕȚȣ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍșȓȖȊțȚȈȧ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȈȧ ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ ȏȔȍȧ ǬȈ,
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȍ ȗȓȣȓȖ ș ȔȖȘȧ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȧ
ȕȈȔ ȊȣȝȖȌ Ȑȏ ȉțȝȚȣ ǰ ȖȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȘ-
șȒțȦ ȏȔȍȦ ȐȓȐ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȕȈ ȏȔȍȦ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȌȖȉȘȣȝ ȚȘȐ șȈȎȍȕȐ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȖȋȖ ȏȍȓȍȕȤȦ ȖȚșȊȍȟȐ-
ȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȋȐȉȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ș ȉȖȟȒȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ȐȔȍȊȠȍȑ ȊȐșȧȟȐȍ țșȣ
ǵȖ ȧ-ȚȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ
ǻ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȗȖȋțȉȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ — ȕȍȚ ȌȊțȝ ȔȖȐȝ ȊȖȌȖ-
ȓȈȏȖȊ — ȉȣȓ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȤȖȕ ȅȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȓȣȓ Ȓ ȉțȝȚȍ«
ǰ ȍȡȍ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȉȣȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȖȌȐȕ"


219
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȔȍȘȍȡȐȓȖșȤ"
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȖ Ȑ ȘȧȉȐȓȖ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ"
ǵȖ ȕȍȚ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȚȈȔ Ȑȏ ȊȖȓȕ ȔȖȘȧ Ȋȣ-
șȖȊȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȐȓȐ ȔȍȕȤȠțȦ ȊȣșȖȚț
ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȉȖȟȒȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ǰ ȊȖȌȣ Ȋșȍȑ
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȑ ȉțȝȚȣ
ȊșȒȐȗȈȓȐ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȒȘțȚȐȓȐșȤ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȊȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȐșȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȚȍȓȈ
ș ȔȖȋțȟȐȔȐ ȝȊȖșȚȈȔȐ ȉȍȠȍ-
ȕȖ ȝȓȍșȚȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȊȖȓȕȣ«
ǺȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȔȈȠȐȕȐș-
ȚȈȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȚȤ ȗȈȘȣ Ȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ Ƞȍȓ țȎȍ
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ǸțȓȍȊȖȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȉțȌȚȖ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȧșȤ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȏȈȡȐȚț
ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊȣȝ șȒȈȓ ǴȈȕȍȊȘ ȒȈȒ
ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ țȌȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȌȖȉȘȣȝ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ©ǹț-
ȏȐª ȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȧȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȉțȝȚț ȒțȊȣȘȒȈȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȋțȓȒȖ ȠȓȍȗȈȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȗ ȊȖ-
Ȍț ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȋșȚȊȖ șțȌȕȈ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȓȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚ
ǰ ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ țȎȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȐ Ȓ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȚȖȔț ȔȖȘȦ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖ ȒȍȔ-ȚȖ ȌȈȕȕȖȔț șȐȋȕȈȓț ȗȧȚȤ ȐȓȐ
ȠȍșȚȤ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ ș ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȘȐȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȋȖ-
ȕȦ ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ
ǶȕȐ ȗȓȣȓȐ ȌȍȘȎȈșȤ ȌȘțȋ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȘțȋȈ ǵȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȉȣȓȐ
ȊȐȌȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȖșȕȧȡȐȍșȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ
șȗȐȕȣ ȌȈ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȏȔȍȐȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȠȍȐ ȗȖȌȌȍȘ-
ȎȐȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȉȖȟȒȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȥȚȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȊțȝ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐȑ ț ȖȌȕȐȝ
ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ț șȈȔȖȒ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȗȖȔȧȋȟȍ ȗȖȒȘțȋȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȊȐ-
șȦȓȍȒ-țșȖȊ


220
ǻ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȔț ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȦ — șȈȔȞȖȊ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈ ș ȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȌȖ șȈȎȍȕȐ ȊȍȓȐȟȐ-
ȕȖȑ ȋȐȉȒȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȘȍȏȐȕȖȊȣȔȐ țșȈȔȐ
ǷȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȍȓȈȦ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ
ȕȈȊȍȓ ȗțȠȒț ȕȈ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȊȠȍȍ Ȓ ©ǹțȏȐª ȟț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȍ
ǴȐȋ — Ȑ ȗțȠȒȈ ȘȧȊȒȕțȓȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȍȌȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȓȖȔ Dzȓțȉȣ
ȗȖȘȖȝȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ ȖȒțȚȈȓȐ ȊșȦ ȗȈȓțȉț
DzȈȘȚȍȟȤ șȊȐșȚȧ Ȑ ȊȐȏȎȈ Țțȟȍȑ ȗȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȋȕȈȊ-
ȠȍȔțșȧ ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ ©ȟțȌȐȡțª
©ǿțȋțȕȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª ȠȓȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ©ǯȍȓȍȕțȦ șȔȍȘȚȤª
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȌȣȔ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȧșȕȖ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ȟȈșȚȤ
ȒȈȘȚȍȟȐ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȔȐȔȖ ȏȔȍȐȕȖȑ ȠȍȐ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȗȘȣȋȈȚȤ ȗȖ
ȊȖȓȕȈȔ ǵȖ ȟȈșȚȤ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȍșȧȚȤ-ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȒȈȘȚȍȟȐȕ
țȌȈȘȐȓȐ Ȋ ȘȣȓȖ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐª Ȑ ȗȖȕȐȎȍ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
Ȋ ȋȐȉȒțȦ ȠȍȦ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȈȊțȦ ȓȍȗȍȠȒț Ȁȍȧ
ȉȣȓȈ ȐȏȖȘȊȈȕȈ Ȋ ȒȓȖȟȤȧ ȗȍȘȍȠȐȉȓȍȕȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȕȈ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȖȎȖȔ
DzȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȖȍ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ Ȋșȍ
ȊȖ ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕț ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȖ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȐȏȖȋ-
ȕțȊȠȐșȤ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘțȎȐȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ țȗȈȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȊȊȍȘȝ
ȉȍȓȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȉȘȦȝȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȗȓȣȓȖ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǷȓȣȊȠȈȧ ȏȈ țșȈȚȣȔ șȈȔȞȖȔ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȋȓȈȊȈȘȍȔ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȚȈȌȈ șȈȔȒȈ ș ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ ȎȈȓȖȉ-
ȕȣȔ ȘȍȊȖȔ ȐȓȐ șȒȖȘȍȍ șȚȖȕȖȔ ȒȘțȚȐȓȈșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȖȉȍȏȋȓȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ǶȕȈ ȊȣȓȈ ȌȈ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȓȈ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȧ
ȚȖȕȒțȦ ȋȐȉȒțȦ ȠȍȦ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȓ ȕȍȉț ǶȕȈ
ȓȈșȒȈȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȊȐȊȈȓȈ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ țȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ Ƞȍȍȑ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȑ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȓȈșȚȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟ
ǭȋȖ ȗțȠȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȘȧȎȍȕȈ ȕȍ ȒȈȘȚȍȟȤȦ Ȉ ȋȘȈȕȈȚȖȑ ǫȘȈ-
ȕȈȚȈ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȋȘțȗȗț Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȊȣȝ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ Ȑ ș Ȗȋ-
ȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȗȓȣȊ-
ȠȐȔȐ ȗȖȖȌȈȓȤ ȧȡȍȘȈȔȐ ȖșȣȗȈȧ Ȑȝ ȖșȒȖȓȒȈȔȐ
ǵȍ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȖȗȈȓȐ ȓȐ ȥȚȐ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ ȗȖȘȈȕȐȓȐ ȓȐ
ȖȕȐ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǵȖ ȜȈȒȚ ȚȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ ȋȘȈȕȈȚȣ ȟț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ țȠȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌț ȗȖȗȘȧȚȈȓȐșȤ ǴȐȋ —


221
Ȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȉțȝȚȣ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȒȐȗȍȓȐ ȕȍ ȉțȘȓȐȓȐ
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ ș ȚȐȝȐȔ ȘȖȒȖȚȖȔ
țȔȐȘȈȓȐ ț șȒȈȓ ǵȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡ ȕȖ ȏȔȍȐȕȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȏȕȣȝ Ƞȍȑ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǰșȟȍȏȓȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȉȍȏȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȐª țȉȐȚȖȑ ȔȕȖȦ
ȇ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ
ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ
ȌȈ ȕȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȌȖȕȖșȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȐȏȕțȚȘȐ șțȌȕȈ ȒțȌȈ
șȊȈȓȐȓȖșȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȧȚȤ-ȠȍșȚȤ ȔȖȐȝ ©ȝȘȈȉȘȍȞȖȊª Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȐșȠȍȌȠȍȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȣȔ
șȕȖȊȐȌȍȕȐȍȔ
ǷȖ șȖȊȍșȚȐ șȒȈȎț ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȟȍȓȣȍ șțȚȒȐ ȗțȚȐ ȌȖȉ-
Șȣȝ ȟȍȚȣȘȍșȚȈ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȖȚ ǩȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȊȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈ șțȌȕȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȝȖȚȤ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒȖȑ
ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ Ȑȏ ȘȖȉȒȐȝ ȔȈȓȣȝ ȜȖȘ-
ȔȍȕȕȖ șȗȧȚȐȓ ș țȔȈ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȕȍ ȚȘȦȔȈ Ȑ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȠȐ țȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȣ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȡȍȓȒȈȓ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȌȈ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ș ȖșȚȍȒȓȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȈȦȚȍ Ȑ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȐȝȖ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȣȓȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ Ȋ Ȗȋȕȍ ȖȚ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍșȓȖ ȎȈȘȖȔ Ƕȕ țȔȍȘ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧ Ȋ șȍȉȧ
Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȖȉȣȟȈȦ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ
ǬȊȈ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȐȒȈ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȤȧȕȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȐ șȈȔȣȝ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ Ȉ ȗȘȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȔ
ȠțȔȍ ȐȓȐ ȒȘȐȒȍ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȓȐ ȖȏȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȌȐȒȐȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ǹȓȖȊȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȌȘȧȋȈ ȥȚȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȌȍȔȖȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȓȈ ȔȖȦ ȒȖȔȈȕȌț Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟȍȔ ©ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȍ ȓȍȟȍȕȐȍª șȖșȚȖȧȊȠȍȍ Ȋ Ȑȏ-
ȘȧȌȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȞȐȧȝ ȘȖȔț.
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕț ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȕȐ-
ȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț
ǩȖȧȓȐșȤ
ǰ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ Ȍțȝț ȊȐȕȐȚȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ȇ ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȔȈȚȘȖș DzȐȚ DzȐȚșȖȕ Ȕȣ ȊȚȘȖȍȔ
ȊȍȓȐ șțȌȕȖ ǵȖ Ȑ ȚȖ DzȐȚșȖȕ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȒȈȟȈȓșȧ ȘȖ-


222
ȔȖȔ ȌȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȘȖȊȕȣȔ
șȟȍȚȖȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȘțȓȍȊȖȑ Ȗȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ
ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȍȘȚȍȓ ȘțȓȍȊȖȍ ȒȖȓȍșȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ
ȍȔț ©ȗȘȈȊȖ Șțȓȧª ȐȓȐ ©ȓȍȊȖ Șțȓȧª Ǩ Ȓ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ ȘȈȏȣ-
ȋȘȈȓȈșȤ ȉțȘȧ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȐȕȖȑ ȘȈȏ
ȗȍȘȍȒȈȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȈȓțȉț ȋȘȖ-
ȏȧ șȔȣȚȤ ȘțȓȍȊȖȋȖ
ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟ ȊȖȖȘțȎȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȈ-
ȘȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȖȊ Ȑ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ
șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȔ ȒȈȘȈȉȐȕȖȔ ȘȈșȝȈ-
ȎȐȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȈȓțȉȍ Ȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ
ȕȈȌ ȗȍȘȐȓȈȔȐ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓșȧ ȊȖ
Ȕȋȓț
Ƕȕ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȘȖ-
ȒȖȚț ȊȖȓȕ Ƕȕ ȎȌȈȓ ȕȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȚ-
șȧ ȓȐ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȈȧ ȉȖȟ-
ȒȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ
șȔȍȘȚȐª«
ǵȖ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖ-
ȓțȟȕȖ Ȑ Ȓ țȚȘț ȉțȘȧ șȚȐȝȓȈ
șțȌȕȖ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ ȚȘȦȔȖȊ Ȕȣ
ȊȣȒȈȟȈȓȐ ȕȈȉȘȈȊȠțȦșȧ ȚțȌȈ ȊȖ-
Ȍț ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ ȊȈȝȚȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǷȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȗȖ ȋȈȒȈȉȖȘȚț
ǹ ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȘțȉȣ ȧ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ șȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ
ȒȘȍȑșȍȘ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ ȘȈȕȋȈ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ Ȍȓȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ș
ȗȐȘȈȚȈȔȐ-ȚțȏȍȔȞȈȔȐ ǵȈ șțȌȕȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȓșȧ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȜȓȈȋ
ȇ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȚȈȓ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ȝȖȓȖșȚȣȔȐ ȏȈȘȧȌȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȖȉȍȐȝ
ȗțȠȍȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ șȐȋȕȈȓ
— ǰȔȍȦ ȊȈȎȕȍȑȠȐȍ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ
DzȘȍȑșȍȘ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓ ȒțȘș Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȕȕȍ
ǿȈș șȗțșȚȧ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȈ ©DzȖȘȠțȕª ț ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕȈ ǫȘȐȉȕȐȞȈ
ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ ș șȖȉȖȦ ǷȍȘȈȏȐȟȈ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȖȕȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ ȔȖȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ Ȗ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȔ ȕȈȔȐ ț
ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ǩȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȖȋȖ


223
ǵȖ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȣȠȓȖ"
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǫȘȐȉȕȐȞ ȕȈȒȘȈȝȔȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȔȍȞ șȚȈȓ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȚȤ,
ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ
ǬȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȈȦȚț ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚȈ șțȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȟȈ ȍȡȍ
ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȚȤ ȔȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȚȤ
— ǷȘȐȏȕȈȑȚȍșȤ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǹȔȐȚ — ȝȓȖȗȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ ȗȓȍ-
ȟț — ǵț ȗȘȐȏȕȈȑȚȍșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ Ȋȣ Ȋșȍ șȗȓȖȠȤ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț« ǵț ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ"
ǵț ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȊȍșȍȓȍ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ" ǫȥ" ǷȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȗȈȘȖȊ ǩȈȝț-
șȈ" ǽȈ-ȝȈ-ȝȈ«
ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȧ Ȓȓȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȉȖȎȐȓșȧ ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȓ Ȗȗ-
ȘȖșȐȚȤ ȊȍșȤ ȔȖȑ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ
ǹȓȈȊȈ ǩȖȋț ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ȒȘȖȔȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ǴȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȐȔ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ Ȕȕȍ
ǵȖ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȗȖȚȍȠȈȓȐșȤ
— DzȈȒȖȑ Ȋȣ ȠțȚȕȐȒ ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȋȣ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȠțȚȕȐȒ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕ ǹȔȐȚ — ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ
— ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ" — țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ
șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ șțȌȖȊȖȑ ȊȘȈȟ — ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȔȖȘș-
ȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ« ȕȈ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ
Ȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȖȊ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ șȍȏȖȕ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȟȐȒ — ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȓ ȧ — Ǵȕȍ ȘȍȠȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȏȈȟȍȔ șȖȟȐȕȧȚȤ ȇ ȊȍȌȤ ȗȖșȚȘȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȓȈȚȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȈȦ DzȖȑ ȟȍȘȚ"
ȅȚȈ ȏȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕȈȧ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧ ȚȈȒȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ șȚȖȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȧ
ȐȏȊȓȍȒ șȖ ȌȕȈ ȔȖȘȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒțȗȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ
ǫȐȕȞȈ ȋȘțȏȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ șȚȖ ȜțȕȚȖȊ șȚȍȘȓȐȕȋȖȊ ǺȖ
ȍșȚȤ ȊȍȘȕțȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓ ǫȐȕȞț
Ǩ ȊȍȌȤ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȈ-ȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȟȍȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȈ șȚȖȐȓȈ" Ǩ ȕȈȍȔ
ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ" Ǩ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ șțȌȕȈ"
Ǫ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȍșȓȐ ȔȖȐ ȗȖȚȍȘȐ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Șȍȑș ȖȗȘȍȌȍ-
ȓȧȚșȧ ȚȈȒ Ȋ șȚȖ-șȚȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȜțȕȚȖȊ șȚȍȘȓȐȕȋȖȊ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȎȈȓțȦșȤ
ǵȖ șțȌȐȚȍ șȈȔȐ ȍșȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȍȚ ȌȖ Ƞț-
ȚȖȒ ȓȐ ȍȔț"
ǬȖ ȊȣȌțȔȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȓȐ ȍȔț ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ șȒȈȏȖȒ"


224
ǸȈȏȖȏȓȐȊȠȐșȤ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘț ȒȘȍȑ-
șȍȘȈ
— ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǻȎ ȍșȓȐ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȗȖȠȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȐȌȍȔȚȍ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ
— DzțȌȈ ȥȚȖ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ Ȗȕ
— ǵț ȚțȌȈ Dz ǩȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȖȔț ȖșȚȘȖȊț Ȑȏ ȋȘțȗȗȣ ǹȖȓȖȔȖ-
ȕȖȊȣȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ ȥȚȖ"
— ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȔ ǷȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȔ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ,
Ȕȣ ȖȚȣȡȍȔ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ țȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȏȈȘȧȌȖȔ ȒȈȘȚȍȟȐ ȟțȌȖ-
ȊȐȡȈ ǪȍȌȤ ȖȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣ ȊșȗȓȣȚȤ ǵț Ȑ Ȕȣ ȖȗȘȖșȐȔ Țț-
ȏȍȔȞȍȊ ǺȈȔ ȍșȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ« ȕț ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘșȒȐȑ țȟȍȕȐȒ«
ǵȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ șțȝȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȕȕȍ
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȍ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȧ ȟȍȔ ȐȌȚȐ ȓȖ-
ȊȐȚȤ ȗȘȍșȓȖȊțȚțȦ ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȏȔȍȦ
— ǬȈ ȕȍ ȏȔȍȦ ȘȈȌȐ ǩȖȋȈ ȅȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ș ȔȈșșȐȊȕȣȔ
ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍȔ«
— ǯȕȈȦ ȏȕȈȦ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ șȚȖȊȍȌȍȘȕȣȑ ȉȈȒ ș ȊȖȌȖȑ
ȐȔȍȍȚ ȊȐșȧȟȐȍ țșȣ« ǵȍȚ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ
ǵȈ ȚȖȔ ȕȈȠȐ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȣ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓȐșȤ
ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȉȐȚȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȍ șțȌȕȖ
ǰ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌț ȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȔȐ țȓȣȉȒȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȒȖșȣȔȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ ȕȍȔȞȣ
ȗȖȒțȌȈ ȧ Ƞȍȓ Ȓ ȚȘȈȗț ȗȖ ȗȈȓțȉȍ
Ǩ Ȑȏ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒȖȑ ȒȈȦȚȣ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȋȖȔȍȘȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȑ ȝȖȝȖȚ«
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȎȍ șȈȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȑ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ș ȗȈȓțȉȣ ȒȘȍȑ-
șȍȘȈ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ
— DzȓȈȕȧȑȚȍșȤ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐª
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȈȔ șȈȔȐȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȚȤ-
șȧ ȍȑ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ
ǪȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ǨȓȐȦ ȧ șȚȘȖȋȖ-ȕȈșȚȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȔȖȐȔ
ȔȈȚȘȖșȈȔ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȚȈȚȤ Ȗ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȔ ȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȓ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȈȔ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȗȘȖ-
ȉȖȓȚȈȓșȧ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȊșȦȌț ȎțȎȎȈȓȐ Ȋ țȠȐ
— Ǩ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȎȐȊȈȍȚ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª"


ǺȎȞȟȓșȪ ǾȜșȎț
ǽǾǶǵǾǮȅǻȉǷ ǵǺdzǷ
DZȎșșȬȤȖțȎȤȖȖ ȜȘȓȎțȎ
(1914)


228
ȅȚț șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȗȖȊȍȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǬȍȊȐȓȓȖ
ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȗȈȒȍȚȉȖȚȈ ©ǼȓȖȘȐȌȈª ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ ©ǹKDUJHXUV 5pXQLVª.
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȖȚȖȉȍȌȈȓȐ Ȗȕ
ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚț ȕȈ ȟȈȠȍȟȒț ȒȖȜȍ
ǯȈ ȖȉȍȌȖȔ ȏȈȊȧȏȈȓșȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ Ȗ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȔ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȔ Ȑ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȘȕȖȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȍșȓȐ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȐȜ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȓȖ ȗȖȐȔȒȐ ǶȌȕȐ Ȋ
ȕȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȧȚ ȌȘțȋȐȍ Ȑȝ ȕȈȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
 ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȦȚ DzȈȒ
ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ ȉȣȓȐ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȣ Ȋ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȐ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ Ȉ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȘțȎȕȖ ȗȖșȔȍȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ
ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȠțȟȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȈȌ Ȑȝ ȕȈȐȊȕȖșȚȤȦ DzȖȘȖȟȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȌȖ
ȒȖȕȞȈ ȖȉȍȌȈ șȖșȍȌȐ ȗȖ șȚȖȓț ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȓ șȖȋȓȈșȐȦ
ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȋȖ Ȑ șȔțȡȈȦȡȍȋȖ țȔȣ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ
ǺȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
ǷȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȊ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕțȦ șȐȋȈȘț Ȗȕ ș ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍȔ
șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǫȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȖȉȍȌȖȔ ȧ ȕȍ
ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȒȈ Ȋșȍ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȓȐ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ" ǻ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ șȊȖȐ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ Ȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȒȈȒ
Ȋȣ șȒȖȘȖ țȏȕȈȍȚȍ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȕȈȓȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȠȈȔȗȈȕșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȇ șȈȔ ȓȐȟȕȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǷȖȏȎȍ Ȋȣ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȑȔȍȚȍ
Ƕ ȥȚȖ ȌȈȊȕȧȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȇ șȓțȎȐȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȖȔȖȡ-
ȕȐȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ ©ǵȍȗȚțȕª ȒțȘșȐȘȖȊȈȊȠȍȔ ȔȍȎȌț Dzȍȑȗ-
ȚȈțȕȖȔ Ȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔȐ ȗȖȘȚȈȔȐ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȧ ȧ șȖ-
Ƞȍȓșȧ ș ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȕȈȠȐȔ șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ
ǼȈȔȐȓȐȧ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ dzȍȜȍȉȦȘ ȅȚȖȚ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȓ
Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒȍ ș ȕȈțȟȕȖȑ ȔȐșșȐȍȑ Ȑ Ȋȍȏ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ ȒȖȓȓȍȒ-
ȞȐȦ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ Ȑ ȗȚȐȞ șȖȉȘȈȕȕțȦ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕȚȍ Ƕȕ
ȚȈȒ Ȑ șȚȖȐȚ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǹȊȍȚȓȖȊȖȓȖșȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ
țȔȕȣȑ ȕȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȍȏȘȈșșțȌȕȣȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȖȘ-
ȊȐȋȖȓȖȊȈ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȉțȘȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȊȠȍȑșȧ șȖȘȖȒ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȕȈȠ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ — ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-
ȚȖ ȈȊȈȘȐȧ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ș ȘțȓȍȔ ǵȈ ȗȖȟȐȕȒț
ȖȚȊȍȓȐ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ șțȚȖȒ Ǫșȍ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ


229
Ȓ șȍȘȌȞț ȥȚț ȌȖșȈȌȕțȦ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȤ Ȉ dzȍȜȍȉȦȘ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ȋ țȋȖȓȖȒ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕțȦ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ Ƕȕ ȝȖ-
Țȍȓ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȖȧȕȒȖȑ ©ǵȍȗȚțȕȈª ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȕȈȉȘȈȚȤ ȖȉȘȈȏȞȖȊ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ — Ȋ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȍ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȊȐȌ-
ȕȍȓȐșȤ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȧ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ — Ȑ ȗȖȖȝȖȚȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ
ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ Șȣȉ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȔ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ
ǹȗȍȘȊȈ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȇ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȉȘȈȚȤ
ȠȓȦȗȒț ȘȈȌȐ ȥȒșȒțȘșȐȐ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȖȎȈȑȠȍ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȍȕȖ
ȗȖȒȐȌȈȚȤ șțȌȕȖ ǵȖ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓ țȔȖȓȧȓ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ
ȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ ȍȔț ȗȍȘȍțȉȍȌȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȔȖȦ
ȖȚȓțȟȒț Ȕȍȕȧ ȎȌȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȍȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȔȖȍ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ,
ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȈȧ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧ șȖșȚȖȐȚșȧ ȕȖ-
ȟȤȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ ©ǵȍȗȚțȕȍª ȒȘȖȔȍ ȊȈȝȚȍȕȕȣȝ ȉțȌțȚ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ
șȗȈȚȤ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȣ ǷȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ
Ȋ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȧ ȎȌȈȓ dzȍȊȍȉȦȘȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔȍ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ
ȠȓȦȗȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȈ ȧ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ șȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȕȈ
șȒȈȔȤȦ ǵȈ ȔȖȘȍ ȞȈȘȐȓ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȑ ȗȖȒȖȑ ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȕȈș ȒȈȒ ȖȎȍ-
ȘȍȓȤȧ Ȑȏ ȘȚțȚȐ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓȐ ȜȖșȜȖȘȍșȞȐȘțȦȡȐȍ ȐȏȊȐȊȣ ȇ
Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȊȍșȓȈ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȓȖȌȒț Ȓ ȗȖȘȖșȠȍȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȚȘȈ-
ȊȖȑ ȉȈȕȒȍ ǴȖȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ șȐȌȍȓ ț Șțȓȧ ǺȍȔȕȣȑ șȐȓțȥȚ ©ǵȍȗ-
ȚțȕȈª ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȚȌȈȓȧȓșȧ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȧșȤ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ
ǶȉȓȈȒȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȓȕțȦ ȓțȕț
ǹȗțșȚȧ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȤ ȟȈșȈ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȚȤșȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȊȖȌȖȘȖș-
ȓȐ ǹȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ dzȐȠȤ șȊȍȟȍȕȐȍ
ȊȖȓȕ Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȓțȟȐ ȘȍȌȒȐȝ ȏȊȍȏȌ Ȋ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȝ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȊ țȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȗțȚȤ ȇ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȊȍșȓȈ Ȋ ȠȓȦȗȒț Ǵȣ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȏȣȉȐ dzȍȜȍȉȦȘ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȏȖȕȌ — Ȑ
Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț Ȕȣ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐșȤ
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȈȧ șȒȈȓȈ ǵȈȒȓȖ-
ȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȧ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌț
— ǿȚȖ ȚȈȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ dzȍȜȍȉȦȘ ȏȈȕȧȚȣȑ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȐȕșȚ-
ȘțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ
— ǷȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ
ǶȚȚȖȓȒȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȊȍșȓȖȔ ȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȓȖȌȒț ȖȚȖȑȚȐ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕț ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȕȣ ȗȓȣȓȐ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ǵȈș ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȕȖ șȕȖșȐȓȖ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȊ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȖȌȒȈ șȕȖȊȈ
ȏȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȌȍȓȈ


230
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈȐȕȚȘȐȋȖȊȈȕ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȓțȕȈ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ Ȗȉ-
ȓȈȒȖȊ Ȑ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȔȖȘȍ șȚȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȇ
ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȖȓȖșȈ ȘȐȜȖȊ dzȍȜȍȉȦȘ
ȚȈȒȎȍ ȐșȒȈȓ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ Ƕȕ ȖȗȍȘșȧ ȒȖȓȍȕȖȔ Ȗ ȉȖȘȚ Ȑ țȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȒȖȕȚțȘ ȊȣȌȈȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȈȠȍȑ
ȓȖȌȒȖȑ
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ǬȍȊȐȓȓȖ dzȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖ ȅȚȈ ȋȘȧȌȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ,
ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
ǰ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȗȘȈȊȈ Ȑ șȓȍȊȈ Ȕȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȖȚȟȍȚ-
ȓȐȊȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȊȍȚȓȖȔ ȜȖȕȍ ȊȖȓȕ țȏȒțȦ ȚȍȔȕțȦ
ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȖșȚȤ, ȗȖȓțȒȘțȋȓȣȔȐ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȔȐ țȝȖȌȐȊȠțȦ ȊȌȈȓȤ
ȇ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț ȕȈȌ ȉȖȘȚȖȔ Ȑ ȖȡțȗȈȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȗȧȚ-
șȚȊȐȍ Ǩȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȍȖȗȐșțȍȔȖ ǷȖȌ ȔȖȍȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȉ ȋȘțȉȈȧ ȠȒț-
ȘȈ ȗȖȘȖșȠȈȧ ȎȍșȚȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȓȖȚȕȖȑ ȠȍȘșȚȤȦ ȠȍȘșȚȤ ȥȚȈ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȏȖȊȣȊȈȓȈ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȋȘȐȊȣ
ȇ ȚȈȒ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓ ȘțȒț ȟȚȖ dzȍȜȍȉȦȘ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
— ǿȚȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ" Ǫȣ ȗȖȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ"
ȇ ȕȍ șȘȈȏț ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ
ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ǫ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȊșȗȓȣȓȐ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȣȔȐ ȌȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȗȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ — ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȖȔ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȐ ȟȚȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȗțșȒȈȓȖ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ǵȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȏȈ-
șȓțȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ ȔȖȘȍȗȓȈȊȈȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șȚȈȘȐ-
ȕț ȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐ ȌȕȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ©ǬȍȌȈȓȈª ǴȈ-DzțȈ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț
ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ș ©ǶșȉȖȘȕȈª Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǺțȐȚș țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ț dzȖȕȋ-ǨȑȓȍȕȌȈ Ȋ 
ȋȖȌț Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȏȈȘȐșȖȊȒȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ
ȟȤȐ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȣ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ Ȑȝ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȖȚ  ȌȖ  ȔȍȚȘȖȊ
 ȔȍȚȘȈ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȋ-ȕț Ȁ ǸȍȕȈȘț

ǵȍ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȧ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȧ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȌȈ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒ-
ȚȐȊȕȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓșȧ ș ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȍȔ Ȓ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ©ȚȈȑȕȈȔª
ǵȖ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȔț Ȕȍȝț ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȍ-
Ȕț ȚȦȓȍȕȐȑ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȐȏȋȐȉȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȋȖ
ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȚȍȓȈ ȧ ȏȈșȚȣȓ ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȖȔ-
ȕȍȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ ǿȍȑ-ȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș șȓȖȊ-


231
ȕȖ ȉȣ șȖ Ȋșȍȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ Ƞȍȗȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȈ țȝȖ
— ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȧ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț
ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡț Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȘȖȎȈ
dzȍȜȍȉȦȘ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— ǿȚȖ" ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ" ȅȚȖ ȗȖ-ȊȈȠȍȔț — ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ"
ǴȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȉȍșȚȐȧ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ǷȖȋȖȌȐȚȍ —
țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȦ ș ȊȈȠȍȑ ȏȔȍȍȑ ȅȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ șȔȍȠȕȖ
ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȎȌȈȦȚ ȗțȚȤ șȉȐȊȠȐȍ-
șȧ Ȋ ȗțȟȖȒ șȈȘȋȈșșȖȊȣȍ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȐ
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ ȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȋȏȧȓ-
șȧ ȏȈ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ Ȋȍșȍȓ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȊȍșȓȖ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȌțȉȐ-
ȕț Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȕȈȕȖșȐȚȤ țȌȈȘȣ ȗȖ ȟțȚȤ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȊȠȍȔțșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȈȝ ȟȍȘȕȖȔț Țȍȓț
ǺȖ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌț ǵȐȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌț ȒȈȒ ȗȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȔț Țȍȓț ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈ-
ȓȈ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȌȘȖȎȤ șȖȚȘȧșȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȌȓȐȕȍ Ȑ
ȏȊȍȘȤ — ȐȉȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȔȍȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉșȧ — ȊȕȍȏȈȗ-
ȕȖ șȎȈȓ șȊȖȐ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȒȐ Ȑ ȕȣȘȕțȓ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȠț
ȓȖȌȒț Ȋ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ ȗțȏȣȘȧȡȍȑșȧ ȗȍȕȣ
ȇ ȖȚȕȧȓ ț dzȍȜȍȉȦȘȈ ȊȍșȓȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȊȚȖȘȖȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ-
șȧ ȋȘȍșȚȐ ȕȖ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȊșȚȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ ǰșȗȖȓȐȕ-
șȒȈȧ ȗȓȖșȒȈȧ Ȑ țȌȓȐȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȊțȔȧ ȉȍș-
ȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȔȐ ș ȘȖȊȕȖȑ ȧȘȒȖșȚȤȦ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȈȔȗ ȅȚȈ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ
ȒȖȕȞȍ ȋȐȉȒȖȑ ȠȍȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊșȚȈȊȈȊȠȍȑ Ȑȏ ȊȖ-
Ȍȣ ǶȠȍȓȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȖșȚȖȓȉȍȕȍȊȠȐȍ Ȕȣ șȔȖȚȘȍ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȉȣȚȕȣȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ȕȍ ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȧ Ȋ șȍȉȍ șȐȓ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ țȎȈșȕȖȋȖ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȧ ǵȈȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ șȖȉȘȈȊ ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ ȊȖȓȦ ȧ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȤȦ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ
ȋȘȍșȚȐ ǰșȗȖȓȐȕșȒȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȕȈȊȐșȈȓȈ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȕȈȒȘȣȊ ȊșȦ
ȓȖȌȒț șȊȖȍȑ ȚȍȕȤȦ Ǫ ȖȌȕț șȍȒțȕȌț ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖșȊȐșȚȍȓȈ ȔȐȔȖ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȓȍȗȐȓ ȖȋȖȕȤ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȝșȧ ȏȘȈȟȒȖȊ Ȑ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ
ȔȖȑ șȗțȚȕȐȒ ȐȏȌȈȓ ȎțȚȒȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ,
ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȣȠȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȉȐȌȟȐȒȈ Ȑ țȕȍș ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȟȤ dzȍ-
ȜȍȉȦȘ ȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ Ȑ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȔ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ ȋȘȖ-
ȔȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȈșȚȐ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȌȍȘȋȈȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ
ǸȍȏȒȐȑ țȌȈȘ șȉȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȓȖȌȒȐ


DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ șȍȓ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȤȦ dzȍȜȍȉȦȘȈ țȎȍ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȇ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȓ Ȋ ȒȓțȉȧȡȍȔșȧ ȗȖȌ ȓțȕȖȑ ȚțȔȈȕȍ șȐ-
ȓțȥȚ șȖȘȖȒȈȔȍȚȘȖȊȖȑ ȘȍȗȚȐȓȐȐ ǶȕȈ țȌȈȓȧȓȈșȤ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘț-
ȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȚȖ ȕȣȘȧȧ ȚȖ ȗȓȣȊȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ
ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ:
ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ
ȇ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ©ǵȍȗȚțȕª ȕȍȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȔ ǵȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ Ȋșȍ
șȖȟȓȐ ȟȚȖ dzȍȜȍȉȦȘ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ țȗȈȓ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ
ȚȈȑȕț ȍȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ — Ȋȣ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȒȖȔț ȧ ȍȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȦ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǬȍȊȐȓȓȖ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȓȉț șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ șȚȍȘȍȚȤ ȕȍȖȚȊȧȏȕȖȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȋȓȖȚȒȖȔ
ȖșțȠȐȓ ȉȖȒȈȓ ș ȒȖȕȤȧȒȖȔ
— Ǫȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ
ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȐ — ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȝȘȈ-
ȕȐȚȤ șȍȒȘȍȚ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȊȌțȔȈȚȤșȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȌȖȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȍ ȔȕȖȦ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ
ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ țȎȈș-
ȕȣȝ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ ȕȈȊȍȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȕȈș ǶȒȍȈȕ
ǰ ȒȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȓȐȠȤ
ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȖȔ


Ƚ ɇɚɪɛɭɬ Ʉɪɵɥɚɬɵɣ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɡɦɟɣ 


DZȓțȞȖ Ȓȓ ǰȓȞ ǿȠȫȘȝȡș
Ƕǵ DZǹȁǯǶǻȉ DZǹȁǯǶǻ
(1917)


236
ȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȒȈȉȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ șȈ-
ȔȖȔ ©ǷȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚȍ ǫȐȘȓȐȕȋȍª
ǰȏȊȍșȚȐȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ șțȌȕȈ Ȋ  ȟȈșȖȊ țȚȘȈ Ȑ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕ ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ
ȗȈȓțȉț Ȑȏ ȘțȉȒȐ ȒȈȦȚ-ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ Ƕȕ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ
ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȈ ǩȘȍȑȔȈ ȏȈȕȧ-
ȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȕȈ ȕȖșț
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒȐȔ ȔȖșȚȐȒȖȔ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓȈșȤ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ
șȚȈȕȞȐȧ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȣȑ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ șȖșȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȋȘȖ-
ȔȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈȔȖȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ
ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȕȈȚ ǸȧȌȖȔ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȊȘȈȡȈȊȠȈȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȈȘȈ-
ȉȈȕ ǶȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ ȉțȐ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȧȘ-
ȒȐȔ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȊȠȐȔ ȗȈȓțȉț țșȚȓȈȕȕțȦ ȒȈȕȈȚȈȔȐ ȖȚ
ȕȐȝ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȚȍȘȚȣȍ ȔȍșȚȈ
Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȗȓȍȟȐșȚȣȑ ǩȘȍȑȔ șȚȖȧȓ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȧ ȏȈ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȖȑ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȌȍȘȎȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕțȦ ȖȚ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȣ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ ȒȈȉ-
ȓȖȋȘȈȔȔț
— Dz ȊȍȟȍȘț ȕȈȌȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǽȖ-
ȘȖȠȖ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȕțȎȕȖȍ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȐȍ ț ȕȈș ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț
ǩȘȍȑȔ Ȋȏȧȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȉȓȖȋȘȈȔȔț Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȍȍ.
ǺȈȔ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋȣȧșȕȍ-
ȕȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȒȈȔȐ-șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȈȔȐ Ȋ ǵȈȋȈșȈȒȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ Ȋșȍȑ ȌȓȐ-
ȕȣ ȒȈȉȍȓȧ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒȐȍ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȏȊȖ-
ȓȧȊȠȐȍ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȗȖȐșȒȐ ȕȍ ș șȈȔȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ șȍȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ
ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȘȍȑȔ — ǹȒȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȒȖȘȈȓȓȈ-
ȔȐ ȌȕȖ
— ǬȈ ȚȈȔ ȐȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ — șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ș ȕȐȔ
ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ — ǻ ȊȈș Ȋșȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ"
— ǬȈ ȌȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǩȘȍȑȔ — ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ
ǶȉȈ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȍ ȚȘȈȚȐȊȠȐȍ ȓȐȠȕȐȝ șȓȖȊ ǫȘȖȕ-
ȌȈȈȓȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț țȎȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȒȖȊ Ȉ ǩȘȍȑȔ
ȗȖȠȍȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ șȖ șȚȈȘȠȐȔ ȗȖ ȒȈȉȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȍ — ǹȚȍȜ-
ȜȈȕșȖȕȖȔ.


237
ǩȍȓȖȊȖȓȖșȣȑ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ-ȐȘȓȈȕȌȍȞ ǹȚȍȜȜȈȕșȖȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȔ
ȔȖȘȧȒȖȔ ș ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȕȐȔ șȚȈȎȍȔ ȗȖ ȓȖȊȓȍ ȚȘȍșȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖ
ȒȈȉȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȓțȎȉȍ Ȑ ȌȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȜȘȈȕȒȖ-ȌȈȚ-
șȒțȦ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȦ Ȗȕ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ȒȖȗȍȕȋȈȋȍȕșȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ
dzȈȘșșȍȕ ǵȍȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȓȈȊȈȓ ȠȒȐȗȍȘȖȔ Ȋ ȐȘȓȈȕȌșȒȖȑ ȘȣȉȖ-
ȓȖȊȕȖȑ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ șȍȏȖȕ ȕȈ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȕȣȝ ȏȈȊȖȌȈȝ
ȕȈ ǨȓȧșȒȍ Ƕ ȕȍȔ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȖȉșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȗȖ ȐșȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȦ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȒȈȉȍȓȧȝ ȗȖ șțȡȍșȚȊț ȕȈ ȚȘȐ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ
ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȒȈȉȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘȈ Ȉ ȕȈ Ȍȍ-
ȊȧȚȤ ȌȍșȧȚȣȝ ȥȚȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȈ
DzȈȒ ǹȚȍȜȜȈȕșȖȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ǩȘȍȑȔȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ț ȕȍȋȖ
șȈȔȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȈȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈ — ȌȈȚȟȈȕȐȕ ǨȕȌȍȘșȍȕ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ
ȓȍȎȈȓ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȕȈȌȏȖȘ ȗȖ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȣȔ ȈȗȗȈȘȈ-
ȚȖȔ.ȅȚȐ ȚȘȖȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȌȕȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ
ȞȍȓȖȍ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȖȉȖȑ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȟȈșȚȤ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȍȝșȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ Ȑ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȉȈ-
ȘȈȉȈȕ Ȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȣȑ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȚȖ ǩȘȍȑȔ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ț ȉȐȔ-
șȖȊ * ǹȚȍȜȜȈȕșȖȕ ț ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȈ Ȉ ǨȕȌȍȘșȍȕ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȊ ȘțȒț ȕȈ
ȊȍȘȝȕȦȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȖȉȡȐȔ ȝȖȌȖȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ, ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȧ Țț Ȏȍ ȘȖȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȐȋȘȈȦȚ ȒȓȍȚȖȟȒȐ ȕȍȘȊ-
ȕȣȝ țȏȓȖȊ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȐȘțȦȡȐȍ ȕȈȠȐ șȓȖȎȕȍȑȠȐȍ ȔțșȒțȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ǰ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
șȓȖȊȈ ǩȘȍȑȔȈ Ȉ ȗȖȘȖȦ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȔȣșȓȈ ȍȋȖ — ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ
țȎȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȖșȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȊȖȗȓȖȡȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ Țț ȐȓȐ ȐȕțȦ ȚȖȕȕț ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ
Ǫ Ȑȝ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘțȔȗȍȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȣȑ Ȉȗ-
ȗȈȘȈȚ ȕȖ Ȑ ȚțȘȉȐȕȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȐ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ șȚȖȐȚ
ǹȚȍȜȜȈȕșȖȕț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊȖ șȚȖȧȡȍȔț ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȐȒȍ
ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȦ Ȑ șțȌȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȉțȌȍȚ șȌȊȐȕțȚȖ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȐȓȐ ȗț-
ȡȍȕȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȚȖ ȊȓȍȊȖ ȐȓȐ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ Ȉ șȚȖȐȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ǨȕȌȍȘșȍȕț ȒȐȊȕțȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ Ȋ ȌȊȐȎȍ-
* Ȼɢɦɫɵ — ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɛɚɥɤɢ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɛɨɪɬɵ ɤɨ-
ɪɚɛɥɹ


238
ȕȐȍ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ Ȑ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȘȈȏȔȈȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȔȈȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȒȘț-
ȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȒȈȕȈȚ Ǩ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȑȔȈȦȚ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ ȚȈȒ ȏȈȊȍȌțȚ ș
ȕȐȔ ȞȍȓțȦ ȐȋȘț ȕȐ ȌȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȊȏȧȚȤ — ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊ ș ȗȖȗȈȊȠȐȔ
ȕȈ ȒȘȦȟȖȒ ȓȖșȖșȍȔ
ǩȘȣȏȎțȡȐȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍȔ ǩȘȍȑȔ ȕȖșȐȓ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȕȈȒȓȖȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ Ȓ șȗȖȘȚț țȕȈșȓȍȌȖȊȈȊ ȍȍ ȖȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ-ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ
ǵȍ ȘȈȏ Ȗȕ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ șȘȈȊȕȐȊȈȓ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȉȗ-
ȗȈȘȈȚȈ ș ȒȈȚțȠȒȖȑ șȗȐȕȕȐȕȋȈ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȖȋȖ țȌȐȓȐȡȈ
 ǬȈ
Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊț ȒȈȒ
ȚȖȋȖ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȓȖȎȍȕ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗ
DzȈȒ ȓȍșȒț țȌȖȟȒȐ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȘȈșȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȏȈȒȘțȚȐȚȤ șȔȈ-
ȚȣȊȈȧ Ȑ ȕȈȔȈȚȣȊȈȧ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȒȈȚțȠȒț ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ țȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȍȔȈȧ ǨȕȌȍȘșȍȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȈ Țț Ȏȍ șȈȔțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓțȟȠȐȔ ȗȈȚȍȕȚȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ țșȐȓȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȍȍ ǪȍȌȤ Ȋșȧ
ȘȈȏȕȐȞȈ șȖșȚȖȧȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȝ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ —
ȒȘȦȒ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ Ȉ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕȣ — ȒȘȦȟȖȒ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȘȈȕȖȊ ȊȍșȖȔ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ —
șȗȓȍȚȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȐ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȚȖȕȕ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ — ȊȍȘȍȊȖȟȒȈ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ ȕȐȚȖȒ
ǷȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȣȑ șȗȖȘȚ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȓ ǩȘȍȑȔȈ ȖȚ
ȍȋȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȗȖ ȒȈȉȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȒȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖ ȚȧȕțȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȘȈȉȖȚț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȋȖ șȚȘȈșȚȤ Ȓ șȗȖȘ-
Țț ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȗȕ ȊȣȓȖȊȐȓ ȈȒțȓț ȕȈ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕțȦ țȌȖȟȒț Ȉ
ȍȡȍ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȟȈșȈ Ȑ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚ
Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȓșȧ șȖ șȒțȔȉȘȐȍȑ Ȋ șȍȔȤ ș ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȖȑ ȗțȌȖȊ * ȗȘȍȎ-
Ȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȖșȈȌȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȋț ǵȖ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȊȈȔ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ șȗȖȘȚ ȍȔț ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȓȖȊȐȚȤ
ȈȒțȓ ȐȓȐ ȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȒȈȉȍȓȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȊȈȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚ ȟȚȖ — ȓȖȊȐȚȤ
ȒȈȉȍȓȐ
ǶȒȖȓȖ ȗȧȚȐ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȖȗȖȓțȌȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȌȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȉȣȓȐ
țȎȍ ȕȈ șțȌȕȍ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȖȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ
ȕȈȌ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȔ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȍȉȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȈȉ-
* Ɇɵ ɡɧɚɟɦ ɱɟɪɧɨɦɨɪɫɤɭɸ ɫɤɭɦɛɪɢɸ — ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɪɵɛɭ ɢɡ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ
ɦɚɤɪɟɥɟɜɵɯ ȼ Ɍɢɯɨɦ ɨɤɟɚɧɟ ɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɵɛɚ ɬɭɧɟɰ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɫɟɦɟɣ-
ɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɳɚɹ - ɩɭɞɨɜ ɜɟɫɚ


239
ȘȈȕȕțȦ Ȑȏ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ șȚȍȒȖȓ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔț ©ǷȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ ǫȐȘ-
ȓȐȕȋª ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȧȒȖȘȕȣȍ ȒȈȕȈȚȣ
ǶȉȘȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ Ȓ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖ-ȘȖȏȖȊȖȔț șȐȧȕȐȦ ȏȈȗȈ-
ȌȈ Ȗȕ șȕȧȓșȧ ș ȧȒȖȘȧ
II.
dzȖȊȓȧ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȉȍȓȧ
ǷȓȣȊȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȎȍȔȟțȎȕȖȔ Ȑ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ ȏȈ-
ȘȐ ©ǷȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ ǫȐȘȓȐȕȋª ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ǷȍșȒȈȌȖȘșȒȐȍ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȖșȚȐȋ Ǻțȕȋ-ǽȈȑ-ǹȐ Ȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ DzȖȘȍȑșȒȐȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȓȐȊ Ȋ ȇȗȖȕșȒȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȗțȚȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț
ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȔț ȊȍȚȘț Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȈ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ș ȕȍȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȣȔ
ȔȖȘȍȔ
ǻ ȇȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȊȖȐȝ ȜȖȒțșȖȊ ǵȈȟȐȕȈȧ ȖȚ ǹȈ-
ȝȈȓȐȕȈ Ȑ ȌȖ șȈȔȣȝ DzțȘȐȓȤșȒȐȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȌȖȉȘȈ ȕȍ
ȎȌȐ — ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȐȌȍȚ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊșȧȒȈȧ ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌȈ ȕȈ ȇȗȖȕșȒȖȔ ȔȖ-
Șȍ ǫȘȖȔȈȌȕȈȧ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȈ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȐ ȗȖșȣȓȈȍȚ șȦȌȈ Ȟȍȓȣȍ
ȗȖȓȟȐȡȈ ȉțȘȤ Ȑ ȊȍȚȘȖȊ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȈ ȇȗȖȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȈȘȤȍȘ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ǺȐȝȐȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȗȘȍȋȘȈ-
Ȍȣ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ ȥȚȐȝ țȘȈȋȈȕȖȊ
ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȘȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȍȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ
ȎȌȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȏȈșȚȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȊȘȈșȗȓȖȝ Ǫ ȉțȘȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȕȈȌ ȒȈȉȍȓȍȔ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȈ Ȑ
©ǷȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚț ǫȐȘȓȐȕȋțª ȕȍ ȘȈȏ șȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȕȈ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȈȧ Ȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȕȍȕȈșȚȤȧ ȕȈ
ȔȖȘȍ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȍ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȌțȝȖȔ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȍȌȘȍȒȈȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ
ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ țȎȍ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȦ-
ȡȍȋȖșȧ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ ȉțȘȤ
ǰ ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȗȘȈȊ ǵȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȌȖ-
șȚȐȋȓȐ ȞȍȓȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȧ ȇȗȖȕșȒȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ ȋȓȈȌ-
ȒȖȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ șȈȗȜȐȘȈ Ȑ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȖȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ ȠȚȐȓȤ


241
ȕȐȧ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ DzȈȉȍȓȤ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȔ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȥȚȐȔȐ ȌȊțȔȧ ȉțȧȔȐ
ǹȚȖȧ ȕȈ ȕȖșț ț ȉȐȔșȖȊ ǩȘȍȑȔ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȕțȎȕȣȍ
ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȒȈ ș ȧȒȖȘȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ șȗțșȒȈȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ
ȋȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ — ȊȍșȤ șȗȓȖȠȤ Ȑȏ șȚȈȓȐ ȉȘȍȑȔȖȊșȒȐȑ ȗȈȚȍȕȚȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ ȋȘȈȗ-
ȕȍȓȤ DzȈȕȈȚ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȚȖȕȕ
ȘȈȏȔȈȚȣȊȈȧșȤ ș ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȐȕȈȔȖȔȍȚȘ ȚȈȒ
ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ șȚȍȗȍȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ǹ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ Ȗȕ șȊȍȠȐȊȈȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖșȖȉȖȍ ȒȖȓȍșȖ ȕȈ
ȉȐȔșȈȝ ȔȍȎȌț ȉȘȈȠȗȐȓȤ-ȉȐȔșȈȔȐ* țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ
Ȏȍ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȉțȋȠȗȘȐȚ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȋȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȦȡȐȑ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ
ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ǩȘȍȑȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒț Ȋ
ȔȈȠȐȕȕȖȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȐ ȏȈȏȊȍȕȍȓ șȐȋȕȈȓ Ȑ ©ǷȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ ǫȐ-
ȘȓȐȕȋª ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȣȔ ȝȖȌȖȔ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȖȌȊȐ-
ȋȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȗȍȘȊȖȔț ȖȚȔȍȚȕȖȔț ȉțȦ
ǫȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ ȚȈȡȈșȤ ȗȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț Ȍȕț Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȏȈ ȒȈȉȍȓȍȔ
ȏȈȌȍȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȗțȚȐ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ — Ȑ ȏȈ șȒȈȓȣ Ȑ
ȏȈ ȒȖȘȈȓȓȖȊȣȍ ȘȐȜȣ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȌȖȓȍȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȐȔ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț ȗȘȍ-
ȗȧȚșȚȊȐȧ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȔ ȞȐȜȍȘȉȓȈȚȍ ȌȐȕȈȔȖ-
ȔȍȚȘȈ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȕȐȍȔ șȚȘȍȓȒȐ Ǫ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ
șȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȐȔȍȓȈ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȍ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȌȊțȝ ȚȖȕȕȈȝ ȕȈȗȘȧ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ ȊȏȊȍȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ
ȊȖȌȍ
ǩȣȓȖ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȟȈșȖȊ țȚȘȈ ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȒȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ șȖ șȚȈȘȠȐȔ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȔ șțȌȕȈ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈȚȤ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȐȊ ǩȘȍȑȔȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȚț ȖȒȖȓȖ ȉȐȔșȖȊ ȕȈ ȕȖșț Ȑ
ȗȖȘțȟȐȊ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȔț ȖȜȐȞȍȘț ȊȈȝȚț ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȐȒȍ
DzȈȦȚ-ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ țȦȚȕȈȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȈȧ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ Ȗȉ-
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ șȚȖ-
ȓȖȔ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ Ǫ ȥȚȖ țȚȘȖ Ȋșȧ ȒțȗȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȧȘȒȐȝ ȓțȟȈȝ șȖȓȕ-
ȞȈ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ Ȉ ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ ȉȣȓ ȖșȖ-
* Ȼɪɚɲɩɢɥɶ-ɛɢɦɫɵ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɛɪɚɲɩɢɥɶ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɨɪɨɬ ɧɚ
ɧɨɫɭ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɚɪɨɦ Ȼɪɚɲɩɢɥɶ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ
ɜɵɬɚɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɤɨɪɹ ɝɪɚɩɧɟɥɹ ɢ ɬ ɩ


ȉȍȕȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕ ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈȗȘȖȘȖȟȐȓ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠțȦ ȗȖȋȖȌț Ȑ șȐȧȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȍȔț ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ
țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ
ǯȈ ȍȌȖȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ Ȗ ȔȖȘȍ
— ȇ ȊȖȚ țȎȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ — ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ǬȎȖȕșȖȕ — Ȉ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐ-
ȌȈȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȓșȧ ȝȖȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȏȈ-
ȚȖȕțȊȠȐȝ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȖȊ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȒȘțȠȍȕȐȑ ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚ-
ȊȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȒȘțȠȍȕȐȑ ȏȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȌ ȗȖȔȕȖȎȤȚȍ ȥȚȖ ȟȐșȓȖ ȕȈ
ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȍȋ-
ȓȖ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȔȖȘȧ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȌȕȖ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȣȔȖȡȍȕȖ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȈȔȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ ǺȈȒ țȎ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ Ȏȍ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȞȍȗȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ Ǩ ȕȈ șȈ-
ȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ" Ǩ" ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ"
ǽȈȘȌȔțȚ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚ-ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȒȘțȋȓȣȔ
ȕȈȐȊȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ș ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖȑ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȒȖȑ ș ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȟȐșȚȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ ț ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȊȠȐȑ ȊȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȈȔ Ȋ ȘȈȏȋȖ-
ȊȖȘ
— ǵȈșȟȍȚ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȖȊ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȒȘțȠȍȕȐȑ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ — ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȕȖ ȊȖȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈ-
ȏȈȌ ȧ șȈȔ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ
șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȟȍȔ ȖȉȓȖȔȖȒ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȒȘțȠȍȕȐȧ Ȗȕ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȒȖ-
ȓȍșȖ
— ǸțȓȍȊȖȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ
— ǵȍȚ ȒȖȓȍșȖ ȖȚ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȈ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȖȍ ȒȖȓȍșȖ
— Ǩ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȗȖȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȋȌȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋȣ-
ȚȈȡȍȕȖ"
— ǵȈ DzȘȈșȕȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ
ǽȈȘȌȔțȚ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȚȖȘȣȔ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȒȖȔ ȕȈ șțȌȕȍ ȕȖ
Ȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȘȈȓȍȔ Ǩ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ
ȍȔț ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ șȓțȟȈȑ ȗȖȐșȚȐȕȍ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȘȖȦ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȒțȌȈ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȈȒȈȧ țȋȖȌ-
ȕȖ ȊȣȌțȔȒȈ
_____


244
III.
ǺȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȖȉȣȟȈ
ǵȈȋȈșȈȒșȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȈȉȍȓȧ Ȓ ȌȊțȔ ȟȈșȈȔ ȗȖȗȖȓțȌȕȐ ȉȣȓ
țȎȍ ȗȖȑȔȈȕ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȚ Ǩ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȚȘȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȖȝȖ-
ȚȐȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȊȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒșȒȐȔ ȒȖȕȞȖȔ
ǷȖȋȖȌȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓȈșȤ ǩȈȘȖȔȍȚȘ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ-
șȧ țșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȉ ȖȚ ȘȈȊȕȐȕ ǴȈȕȟ-
ȎțȘȐȐ ȠȓȈ ȊȓȈȎȕȈȧ ȎȈȘȒȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȈ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȌȣȔȒȖȑ ȘȈș-
șȚȐȓȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȇȗȖȕșȒȖȔț ȔȖȘȦ dzȐȕȐȧ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈ șȖȊ-
șȍȔ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȈșȤ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȌȣȔȒȖȑ ȊȓȈȎȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȖșȣ Ȉ șȖȓȕ-
Ȟȍ șȓȍȋȒȈ țȔȍȘȐȊ șȊȖȍ șȐȧȕȐȍ șȔȧȋȟȐȓȖ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȖȚț șȊȖȍȑ
ȏȕȖȑȕȖșȚȐ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȏȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈȚȐȝ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȉȣȊȈȓȖ
ǩȘȍȑȔ, șȒȐȕțȊ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ șȚȖȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ
ȖȉȣȟȕȖȔ ȗȖșȚț ǰ ȝȖȚȧ ȌȍȓȖ ȠȓȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈ-
ȒȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ Ȋ Ȍțȝȍ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȎȈȘȣ Ȑ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȗȕ
ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȋȖȕȧȡȍȋȖșȧ
ȏȈ ȗȘȐȏȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȒțȉȒȈ ǭșȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȔț țȌȈșȚșȧ ȗȖȑ-
ȔȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȣȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȊȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒșȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȈȉȍȓȧ
ȗȖȓȖȎȐȔ ȝȖȚȤ Ȓ ȗȧȚȐ ȟȈșȈȔ ȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋșȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȏȈȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȍȕȤ Ȉ ȥȚȖ țȎ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȐșȚȐȕȍ ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȖ
șȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ
ǫȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ ȉȣȓ șȗțȡȍȕ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȍ ȌȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȈ ȌȐȕȈ-
ȔȖȔȍȚȘȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȊȠȐȑ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȌȊȍ ȚȖȕȕȣ ș
ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȤȦ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȔȈȝȖȔ ȗȍȘȍșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȚȖȕȕ
ȗȘȖȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȚȈȒ ș șȍȒțȕȌț Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ țȗȈȓ ȌȖ Ƞȍș-
ȚȐǯȈȚȍȔ șȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȚȖȕȕ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȧȚȤ șȍ-
ȒțȕȌ ȊȏȊȐȓȈșȤ ȌȖ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ țȗȈȓȈ ȌȖ șȍȔȐ șȕȖȊȈ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ Ȑ șȕȐȏȐȓȈșȤ ȌȖ ȗȧȚȐ
ǹȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ț ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȈ ǹȚȍȜȜȈȕșȖȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȔȈ-
ȓȖȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȟȐȊȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȊȐȌȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ șȒȈȟȒȐ ȌȐȕȈ-
ȔȖȔȍȚȘȈ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǩȘȍȑȔȈ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȤ


245
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȑȔȈȕ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ ȚȖ ȕȈ ȌȐȕȈȔȖȔȍȚȘȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȚ-
ȘȈȏȐȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖ țșȚȖȑȟȐȊȣȔ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈ-
Țȍȓȧ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȋȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȕȈ șȒȈȓț ȐȓȐ ȕȈ
ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȚȖ șȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
șȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȒȈȟȖȒ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓșȧ ȉȣ ȖȕȈ
șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ țȗȈȓȈ ȉȣ ȌȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȣ
ǴȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȋȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ ȚȈ-
ȡȈșȤ ȗȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț Ȍȕț ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȉȣ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ
șȊȖȍȔ ȗțȚȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȑ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȗȘȍȖ-
ȌȖȓȍȓ ȉȣ Ȑȝ ȕȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȚȘȍȓȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ
ȊȖȌȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ Ȉ
ȕȍ șȒȈȒȈȓȈ ȉȣ ȗȖȌȘȧȌ ȚȖ ȕȈ ȠȍșȚȤ ȚȖȕȕ ȚȖ ȕȈ șȍȔȤ ȚȖ ȕȈ
ȗȧȚȤ
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȚțȚ ȌȍȓȖ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ǹȚȍȜȜȈȕșȖȕ
ǩȘȍȑȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȍȔț Ƕȕ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ
ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȖȊ șȕȖȊȈ ȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ
ȝȖȌǶȕ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȓ țȝȖ Ȓ ȒȈȕȈȚț ǷȖ ȏȊțȒț Ȋ
ȒȈȕȈȚȍ Ȗȕ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȖȋ ȘȈșȗȖȏȕȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȚȒȕțȓșȧ ȋȘȈȗ-
ȕȍȓȤ — ȕȈ șȒȈȓț ȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ ǵȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țșȓȣȠȈȓ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș ȉȣȓȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȖȊȣȔ ȏȈȋȓțȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚ-
ȘȣȊȐșȚȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȉȐȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȋȖ șȍȘȌ-
ȞȈ șȓȣȠȕȖȍ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ


246
ȅȚȖȚ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȚȍȚȖșȒȖȗ * ȗȍȘȍȌȈȦȡȐȑ șȔțȚȕȣȑ
ȕȈȔȍȒ ȕȈ ȉȐȍȕȐȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ
ǩȘȍȑȔ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ
— ǸȣȉȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ǹȚȍȜȜȈȕșȖȕț — Ǵȣ ȕȈȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ
Șȣȉț ǪȖȚ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ
— ǸȣȉȈ" — ȗȍȘȍșȗȘȖșȐȓ ǹȚȍȜȜȈȕșȖȕ — ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ Șȣ-
ȉȈ ȌȓȐȕȖȦ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȔȐȓȐ"
ǵȖ ǩȘȍȑȔ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȍ ȘȈșșȓȣȠȈȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ
— ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȡȍ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ ț ȕȈș ȕȈ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȍ" — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ
— ǵȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȓțȔȐȓȐ — ȉȣȓ ȖȚȊȍȚ
— ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ǬȎȖȕșȖȕț — ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȒȈȚȐȓ ȍȡȍ ȌȊȍ ȔȐ-
ȓȐ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȒȘȍȗȐȓ ȍȋȖ ș ȥȚȐȔ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǩȘȍȑȔ —
ǨȕȌȍȘșȍȕ șȚȈȕȤȚȍ-ȒȈ ț ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ǹȚȍȜȜȈȕșȖȕ șȓȍȌȐȚȍ ȝȖ-
ȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ ȊȍȘȚȍȓșȧ ȘȖȊȕȖ ǿȚȖȉȣ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ
ȏȈȞȍȗȖȒ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǭȌȊȈ țșȗȍȓ Ȗȕ ȥȚȖ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȒȐȕțȚȣȑ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȒȈ-
ȕȈȚ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȌȈȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ șȚȈȊ ȗȖȌ ȖșȚȘȣȔ țȋȓȖȔ Ȓ ȊȖȌȍ
ȊȏȉțȘȓȐȓ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȍȉȧ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ ȘȈșȝȖȌȧȡȐȝșȧ ȊȖȓȕ ǫȐȋȈȕȚșȒȈȧ
ȓȐ ȘȣȉȈ ȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȔ ȊȕȐ-
ȏț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȐȕțȓȖșȤ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
— ǸȈȏȔȈȚȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǨȕȌȍȘșȍȕț ǩȘȍȑȔ,
Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȏȊțȒȐ ȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȗțșȚȖȋȖ
ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȈ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȗȘȣȎȒȈ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ țȎȍ ȕȈ
ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȎȈȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȊȏȊȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȍȕȒȍ ȕȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒȐȑ
ȔȖșȚȐȒ
ǶȚșȦȌȈ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ șȘȈȏț Ȑ ȏȈ ȌȐȕȈȔȖȔȍȚȘȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈ
ȒȈȕȈȚȖȔ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȕȍȋȖ ǯȌȍșȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ țȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ș ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȗȕ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȔȖȋ ȌȈ-
ȊȈȚȤ ǨȕȌȍȘșȍȕț ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȖȔ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȍ ǵȈ
ȥȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȈ Ȉ Ȋ
ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ț ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȑ țȌȐȓȐ-
ȡȍ Ȑ ȒȈȚțȠȒȈ ȓȍșȒȐ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ șȐȓȤȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȔ Ȑȕș-
ȚȐȕȒȚȣ șȗȖȘȚșȔȍȕȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈ ȐȔ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȖȊșȍ
ȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȤȧ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȍȔț ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ
ȊșȍȋȖ șȗȈșȚȐ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȕȐȏț șȖ-
* ɋɬɟɬɨɫɤɨɩ — ɞɨɤɬɨɪɫɤɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ


247
ȊȍȘȠȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȠțȚȖȟȕȖȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȓȖȗ-
ȕțȚȤ Ȉ ȊȍȌȤ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȣ ȔȐȓȐ șȊȐȚȖȋȖ Ȑȏ șȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȐ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ șȚȖȧȚ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȝ Ȍȍȕȍȋ
DzȈȕȈȚ ș ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȈ ȘȈȏȔȈȚȣȊȈȓșȧ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ
ȍȋȖ ȐȏȔȍȘȧȓȖșȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤȦ ȚȖȕȕȈȔȐ Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ
ȕȈȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȉȖȘȚȖȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ș ȒȈ-
ȕȈȚȖȔ ȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȇșȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋȍȓ
șțȌȕȖ ȕȈ ȉțȒșȐȘȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȐȕȖȑ
ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȉțȒșȐȘ ȉȈȘȒȈș ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȖȊ ȖȝȖȚȧȡȐȝșȧ ȏȈ șȍȔȋȖȑ
ȒȖȋȌȈ șȍȔȋȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ
ȓȍșȒț Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȐȉȈȍȚ țȌȐȓȐȡȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȘȣȊȣ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȑ
ȌȖȉȣȟȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȗȕȍȓȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȖȗȖȘȞȐȖ-
ȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȍȍ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȍ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȍȍ.
ǰ ȟȍȔ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȥȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȕȖȍ ȋȘȈȗȕȍȓȍȔ
ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, ȌȊȈ ȜȈȒȚȈ ȉȣȓȐ țȎȍ ȕȈȓȐȞȖ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ
ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȗȖȊȖ-
ȘȖȚȓȐȊȖȍ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǩȘȍȑȔ țȧșȕȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȖȉȈ ȥȚȐ ȜȈȒȚȈ
Ȗȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ
 ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ©șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍª
IV.
ǩȖȘȤȉȈ ș ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȔ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ
DzȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒȐȑ ȔȖșȚȐȒ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ
ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ ǷȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȖ ȕȈȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȠțȔț ȕȈ
ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȒȘȖȔȍ șȈȔȐȝ țȟȈ-
șȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȒȈȉȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȓ Ȑ ǫȘȖȕ-
ȌȈȈȓȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȏȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȐȒ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȐȊ-
ȓȍȕ ȏȈșȚȈȊ ȚȈȔ ǩȘȍȑȔȈ Ƕȕ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ
ȕȈȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȏȈȒȐȕțȚȣȑ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȔț
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȐȌțȚ ȕȖ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȕȍȊȍȘȕȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȕȣȑ ȊȐȕȚ ȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȉ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ ȘȈȏȔȈȚȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȒȈȕȈȚ
— ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ ǫȘȖȕ-
ȌȈȈȓȤ


248
— Ǵȣ ȐȌȍȔ ȕȈ ȉțȒșȐȘȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǩȘȍȑȔ
— DzȈȒ ȕȈ ȉțȒșȐȘȍ" ǿȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȗȕȍȓȍ"
— ǺȈȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȍ — ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ǩȘȍȑȔ — DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȘȈ-
ȗȘȈȌȍȌ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȐȚȖȊ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȅȑ ǹȚȍȜ-
ȜȈȕșȖȕ ǷȘȐȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȚȍ-ȒȈ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ ǬȈȑȚȍ-ȒȈ ȗȖșȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ
ǹȚȍȜȜȈȕșȖȕ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȓ ȝȖȌ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȈ Ȑ țȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȈ ȌȐȕȈȔȖȔȍȚȘȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȌȖ ȊȖ-
șȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȚȖȕȕ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȖ ȌȍȊȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ Ȑ ȌȖ ȌȍȊȧȚȕȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȐ ș ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȖȑ
— ǻȉȈȊȤȚȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǩȘȍȑȔ
ǩȈȘȈȉȈȕ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț ȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤ
ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȌȖ șȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȚȖȕȕ
— ǺȈȒ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ — șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ǩȘȍȑȔ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ șȍȉȍ ȟȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ
ǩȘȍȑȔ ȘțȒȈȊȖȔ șȖȘȖȟȒȐ ȊȣȚȍȘ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȚȕȣȑ ȓȖȉ
— ǵț Ȉ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǵȈȌȖ ȓȐ-
ȉȖ ȚȈȡȐȢșȧ ȓȐȉȖ ȘțȉȐȚȤ ȒȈȕȈȚ Ǩ ȔȣșȓȐȔȖ ȓȐ ȖȉȘțȉȈȚȤ
ȘȈȏ Ȕȣ ȊȍșȤ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓȐ"
— Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȍȡȍ țȌȈșȚșȧ Ȑ ȊȣșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ — ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȐȓ ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ — ǪȍȌȤ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȒȐȚ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȋȘȈȗ-
ȕȍȓȤ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȍȔț ȏȈ ȟȍȓȦșȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȌȤ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȣ ȒȈȚȈȚȤșȧ
ȒȈȒ ȉȘȍȊȕȖ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȗțȚȈȓșȧ ȉȣ Ȋ ȒȈȕȈȚȍ ȅȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȈȌȒȐ ȧ
ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȦ
— ǵȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȒȐȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȘȍȑȔ — ǰ ȟȍȋȖ ȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȖȦșȤ ȚȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȟȒȈ Ǫȣ
Ȏȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȣȍ ȒȈȕȈȚȣ șȚȖȐȚ ȍȔț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȌȈ-
ȘȐȚȤșȧ ȖȉȖ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȗȕ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȚ Ȑ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȊȍșȤ
Ȋ ȒțșȒȐ ȘȈȏȓȍȚȐȚșȧ ǬȈ ȊȖȚ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ǪȐȌȐ-
Țȍ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȚȈȔ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȉȐȔșȣ ǶȚȖȑȌȐȚȍ ǶȚȖȑȌȐȚȍ ȗȖ-
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ Ǫȣ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ț ȔȍșȚȈ ǪșȚȈȕȤȚȍ ȊȖȚ
șȦȌȈ ȏȈ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ
ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȔȗȈș
— Ǵȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ȐȌȍȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǰ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȔ ȝȖȌȖȔ Ȕȣ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ Ȓ ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊț ȌȖȉȍȘȍȔșȧ ȚțȌȈ ǽȖ-
ȓȖȌȕȖȍ ȥȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȋȖȌȈ ǻ ȊȈș ȔȍȝȖȊȖȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ
ȍșȚȤ"
ǩȘȍȑȔ ȘȈșșȍȘȌȐȓșȧ


249
— ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ" ǷȘȐȒȈȎȍȚȍ ȚȖȗȖȘȣ Ȋ ȝȖȌ ȗțșȚȐȚȤ" ǵț
ȘțȉȐȚȍ — ȏȈȊȖȘȟȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǪȍȌȤ Ȋȣ Ȏȍ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȕȈ șțȌȕȍ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȧ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȍȔț ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ — ǷȖȒȈ ȐȌȍȚ ȒȈ-
ȉȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ ȕȈ șțȌȕȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȌȍȓȈȑȚȍ ȒȈȒ șȈȔȐ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ
— ǵț ȚȈȒ ȧ ȕȍ ȉȘȖȠț ȊȖȏȐȚȤșȧ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȠȚțȒȖȑ ǪȖȚ ȊȐȌȐ-
Țȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ ȚȈȔ ȊȕȐȏț ȋȌȍ ȔȖȑ ȋȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ ȏȈȝ-
ȊȈȚȐȓ ȥȚț șȈȔțȦ ȠȚțȒț Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȍȋȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț
ȋȌȍ șȚȖȦ ȧ șȈȔ ǩȘȍȑȔ ǰ ȧ țȎȍ șțȔȍȦ ȗȘȖțȟȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȗȈȘȠȐ-
ȊțȦ ȉȍșȚȐȦ Ǩ ȚȖ — ȘțȉȐȚȤ ǬȈ ȧ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȘțȒț șȍȉȍ ȌȈȔ ȖȚ-
ȘțȉȐȚȤ
Ƕȕ ȊȍșȤ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȋȖȘȍȓ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȣȓȖȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǵȖ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȠȓȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȧ ȎȈȘ-
ȒȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖ ©ȕȍȟȚȖª ȟȚȖ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȓȖșȤ ȚȈȔ ȊȕȐȏț — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȊȣȊȖȌȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȚȖ ȘȍȠȈȓ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ
ȘȈȏȘțȉȐȊ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȚȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȍȉȧ ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȊȣȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȚȤ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǰ ȊȖȚ șȕȖȊȈ țȎȍ ȘȈȏȌȈ-
ȊȈȓȈșȤ ȍȋȖ ȋȘȖȔȒȈȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ Ȗȕ ȏȊȖȕȒȖ ȝȓȖȗȈȓ ȓȈ-
ȌȖȕȤȦ ȗȖ ȗȖȘțȟȕȧȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȌȐȕȈ-
ȔȖȔȍȚȘ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȔ șȒȈȟȒȖȔ țȗȈȓ ȌȖ ȌȊțȝ ȚȖȕȕ
— ǹȖȘȊȈȓȖșȤ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ
ǩȘȍȑȔ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǨȕȌȍȘșȍȕț ȟȚȖȉȣ șȔȈȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȒȈȕȈȚ ǴȈ-
ȠȐȕȈ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȚȕțȦ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕț ǵȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖșȓȈȉȓȖ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ
șȔȈȚȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȖ-
ȔȍȕȚ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ șȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȌȐȕȈȔȖȔȍȚȘȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȚȖȕȕȈȝ Ǩ Ȋ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȖș
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȐȋȓȈ ȒȖȔ-
ȗȈșȈ ȌȈȓȈ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȍ
— ©Ƕȕª ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓ ȒțȘș ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȖ —
ȊșȚȈȊȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȍ ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ — ǵȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
©Ȗȕª ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȐȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȏȈȓȐȊ ǷȖșșȤȍȚȈ Ǩ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȕȍ
ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȚȖȘȖȗȐȚȤ ©ȍȋȖª"
ǩȘȍȑȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ƕȕ ȊȍșȤ țȠȍȓ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ
ǪȣșȠȍȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȤȦ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ șȟȐȚȈȓȖșȤ ȌȊȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ ȚȖȕȕ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȋȣ-
ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ǹȈȔȖȍ Ȏȍ șȒȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ


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ȔȖȋȓȖ șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȥȚȖ — ȘȈȏȘȣȊ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ ǰ ǩȘȍȑȔ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȍȋȕțȚȤ Ȓ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȔȍȘȈȔ
ǷȍȘȍȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȍȘȐȓȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ Ȗȕ
ȖȚȌȈȓ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȊșȍȔ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌ ǹȈȔȖ șȖȉȖȑ
ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȖșȤ ȕȐ Ȓ ǹȚȍȜ-
ȜȈȕșȖȕț ȕȐ Ȓ ǨȕȌȍȘșȍȕț. ǹȚȍȜȜȈȕșȖȕț Ȗȕ ȌȈȓ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈȏ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȚȣȓȤȕțȦ
ȟȈșȚȤ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȈ.
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȘȈȏȔȈȚȣȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ ǵȈȗȘȧ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖșȤ ȌȖ ȌȍȊȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȚȖȕȕ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȕȌȍȘșȍȕț ȌȈȚȤ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕț ȌȊȈ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǹȚȘȍȓȒȈ
ȌȐȕȈȔȖȔȍȚȘȈ ȗȖȌșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȚȖȕȕ DzȈȒȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǩȘȍȑȔ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ȌȈȚȤ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕț ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȖȉȖȘȖȚ.
ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȏȊțȒȈ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ȖȚ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ
ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ȕȈ ȌȐȕȈȔȖȔȍȚȘȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȕȖ-
Ȋȣȑ șȒȈȟȖȒ șȚȘȍȓȒȈ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ țȗȈȓȈ ȌȖ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȚȖȕȕȣ.
ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ — ȓȐȉȖ ȕȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ
ȒȈȕȈȚ ȋȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ șȖȘȊȈȓȐ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȓșȧ ȓȐȉȖ
ȌȖȉȣȟȈ șȈȔȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȘȧ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ țȗȈȓȖ ȌȖ ȌȊțȝ ȚȖȕȕ
— ǺȈȡȐȚȍ ȊȊȍȘȝ! — ȏȈȖȘȈȓ ǩȘȍȑȔ.
ǩȈȘȈȉȈȕ ȏȈȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȓ Ȑ ȖșȓȈȉȕțȊȠȐȑ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȔȍȚȘ ȏȈ ȔȍȚ-
ȘȖȔ ș ȠțȔȖȔ ȗȖȓȍȏ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ.
— Ǩ ȊȍȌȤ ț ȊȈș șȖȘȊȈȓȖșȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ.
— DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȘȍȑȔ țȗȈȊȠȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ.
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ǶȝȖȚȕȐȟȤȐ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȣ ȘȣȉȖ-
ȓȖȊȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȒȓȖȒȖȚȈȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ǰȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȖȊ ȔȐȘȈ șțȌȤȉȈ
ȊȣȉȘȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȍȔț ȖȌȕȖȔț ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȖȊ șȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȝȖȚȤ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȓȍȊȐȈȜȈȕȈ*. ǰ ȒȘȖ-
Ȕȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȊȔȍșȚȖ țȌȐȓȐȡȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȞȍȓȖȍ
șțȌȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȣ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȚȖȕȕ Ȉ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȒȈȚțȠȒȐ ș ȓȍșȒȖȑ
* Ʌɟɝɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɟ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɟ ɱɭɞɨɜɢɳɟ


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— ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȣȔ ȒȈȕȈȚȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖȚ Ȋșȍ-
ȚȈȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȘȣȉȒȈ țȠȓȈ
ǪȌȘțȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȍȒȕțȓȖ.
ǶșȓȈȉȕțȊȠȐȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ș ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ ȕȈȚȧȕțȓ-
șȧ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȘȧ ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔ ȊȏȌȣȉȐȓȈșȤ ȞȍȓȣȔ ȒȈșȒȈ-
ȌȖȔ ȘȈȌțȎȕȣȝ ȉȘȣȏȋ ǨȕȌȍȘșȍȕ ȕȍ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȧșȤ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȉ ǹȚȍȜȜȈȕșȖȕ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖ șȖȉșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȐȕȐȞȐȈȚȐȊȍ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓ ȚȖȘȔȖȏ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȈ ǰ ȒȈȕȈȚ
ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓȖȗȕțȚȤ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ.
ǩȘȍȑȔ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȚȈȔ ȊȕȐȏț ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ǺțȌȈ
țȠȓȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝșȖȚ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ ȅȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖ-
ȉȣȟȈ ȚȈȔ ȊȕȐȏț șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȣȘȍșȚȈ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ
ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȊȋȓțȉȤ.
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȒȈȕȈȚț ȖȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ Ȉ
ȏȈȚȍȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȏȈȎȐȔȈȦȡȐȑ ȓȍșȒț ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊ ȕȈ-
ȓȍȋ ȕȈ ȘțȟȒț ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȈ DzȈȕȈȚ ȕȍ ȓȖȗȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣȚȧ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȌ ȖșȚȘȣȔ țȋȓȖȔ Ȓ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȘȧ Ȑ ȊșȒȘțȎȐȓ
ȊȖȓȕȣ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȍȉȧ ȇșȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȉȣȟȈ ȕȍ șȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȉ
șȚȘȍȔȐȓȈșȤ țȑȚȐ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ țȎȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ țȏȓȖȊ. ǺȈȒȖȍ
Ȏȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ Ȑ șțȌȕȖ ȏȈ ȊȣȟȍȚȖȔ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȑ ȌȖȓȐ
ȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕț ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȗțșȒȈȊ-
ȠȍȋȖșȧ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ ǷȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȦ ǩȘȍȑȔȈ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȓșȧ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȧ ȚȖȘȔȖȏȈ ǩȘȍȑȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ țȎȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȕȍ șȊȍȘȧȧșȤ ș ȌȐȕȈȔȖȔȍȚȘȖȔ Ƕȕ ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓșȧ ȕȈ
șȊȖȍ ȟțȚȤȍ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȈ ǰ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȓȖȠȤ — ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȝț-
ȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȈȏȈȘȚ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈ.
Ƕȕ ȏȈȚȍȧȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȐȋȘț ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȑȔȈ-
ȕȖ ȚȈȔ ȊȕȐȏț ȚȖ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȧ ȚȖ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȧ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ.
Ǩ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȖ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȉȣȟȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ
ȕȍ ȋȓțȉȎȍ ȗȖȓțȔȐȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤȦ ȔȖȘȧ.
ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ Ȋ
ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȖȒȘȣȓȧȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȖȑ
— ȚȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȝ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȊȠȈȧșȧ ȌȖ-
ȉȣȟȍȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȗȘȖȗȖȘȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȍȍ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔ Ǩ
Ȗȉ ȥȚȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȝ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȊțȝ ȔȕȍȕȐȑ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ
șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ ȍȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȖȗȖȘȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȈ ȍȍ ȊȍȓȐȟȐ-
ȕȍ ȚȖ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȓȖȗȕțȚȤ


252
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ Ȋșȍ șțȌȕȖ ȎȈȌȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȓȖ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ.
ǶȜȐȞȍȘȣ Ȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȒȐ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒȐȑ ȔȖșȚȐȒ
Ȉ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȚȖȓȗȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȈȝ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ. ǽȈȘȌȔțȚ șȉȍȋȈȓ
ȌȈȎȍ ȊȕȐȏ ȏȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȈȔȍȘȖȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȌȖȉȣȟȐ.
ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǩȘȍȑȔȈ ȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐ-
ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȗțȉȓȐȒț ȒȘțȋȖȔ șȍȉȧ. ǭȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȘȍȠȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒȖȔ ȔȖșȚȐȒȍ ȒȚȖ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȒȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȓ Ȑ ȞȍȕȐȓ ȐȓȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ,
Ȗȕ Ȋșȍȑ ȌțȠȖȑ Ȑ ȊșȍȔȐ ȗȖȔȣșȓȈȔȐ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȥȚț ȉȖȘȤȉț ș ȌȖ-
ȉȣȟȍȑ Ȑ ȎȐȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȐȔ.
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖ ȊȐȌț ȥȚȖ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȔȈȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȤ-
ȉț ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȐ șțȔȈȚȖȝȐ Ȋșȍ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ ȐȓȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ țȊȍ-
ȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȐ țșȐȓȐȊȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȈ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȖșȓȈȉȓȧȓȐ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȈȧ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ.
Ǩ ș ȌȐȕȈȔȖȔȍȚȘȖȔ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖȍ ǶȚ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȐ ȓȐ Ȓ șȐȓȤȕȖȔț ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȦ ȐȓȐ Ȓ ȚȈȒȖȔț ȕȍȘȖȊ-
ȕȖȔț ȖȉȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȦ ș ȕȐȔ ȐȓȐ ȖȚ ȟȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ
ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȌȈȓ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȔȈȒșȐȔțȔ
ȌȈȎȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȉȣȓ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖșȓȈȉȓȍȕ.
V.
ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ Ȑȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȋȓțȉȐȕ
ǬȖ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ǩȘȍȑȔț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȣȋȕȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȌȖȉȣȟț ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖ-
ȧȕȐȍ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ ȔȐȓȐ ȖȚ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ. ǷȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ Ȕȍ-
Șȍ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȚȈȒ ȌțȔȈȓ.
ǶȗțȡȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț ȔȐȓȦ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ Ȉ ȌȖȉȣȟȈ
ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȘȍȝ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȧȝ ȔȐȓȐ
ȖȚ șțȌȕȈ șȟȐȚȈȧ ȥȚȖ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȘȧ.
ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȊȣȟȐșȓȍȕȐȧȝ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ ȊȖ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕț ȔȖȘȧ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȚȖȚ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓ ȕȈȚȧȕțȚ Ȑ țȋȖȓ ȊȣȗțȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ ș ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤȦ


253
ȊȖȌȣ ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȖȟȒȖȑ
ȖȚȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ ȖȚ ȕȖșȈ șțȌȕȈ Ȑ ȚȍȔ ȗțȕȒȚȖȔ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ
ȊȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȌȖȉȣȟȈ Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȤ ȔȐȓȐ ȗȖȌ țȘȖȊȕȍȔ ȔȖȘȧ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȖ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ ȊȍȌȤ
ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ. ǪȖșȝȖȌȈ Ȏȍ ȓțȕȣ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȈșȚțȗ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ Ǩ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȎȈȓȍȚȤ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȍșȓȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ©ǵȍȊȐȌȈȕȕȖȍª ȐȏȊȍȘȋȕȍȚșȧ
Ȑȏ ȔȖȘȧ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȖȔ ȚȤȔȣ ǬȈ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȟȍȋȖ ȥȚȖ
ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȣȔ.
ǽȈȘȌȔțȚȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǩȘȍȑ-
ȔȈ Ƕȕ ȎȌȈȓ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȍȘȖȑ ȕȈȋȖȚȖȊȍ ǽȈȘȌȔțȚ — șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȑ
ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜ Ȉ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȘȈȓȤ Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȕȐȒ Ȉ
ȥȚȖ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȌȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ.
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ǵȐȎȕȐȑ ȒȘȈȑ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȐșȒȈ țȎȍ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȔȖ-
Șȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȍ șȊȍȘȠȐȓȖșȤ ǷȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ
ȖȚ șțȌȕȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȐȓȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȕȖșȖȊȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȠȚȐȘ-
ȉȖȘȚȈ ȊȖȌȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊșȒȖȓȣȝȕțȓȈșȤ.
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ! — ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǩȘȍȑȔ
ǵȈȌ ȔȖȘȍȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȘȖȋ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȒȖ-
ȓȖȕȕȈ ȏȈȖșȚȘȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȊȍȘȝț ȎȐȊȈȧ ȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȟȍȘȊȤ ȉȍȏȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȧ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ țȗȖȘȕȖ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȍȔȣȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȐȓȖȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȘȖȋț ǰȉȓȐșȈ* ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȧșȤ ȒȖȓȖȕ-
ȕȖȑ Ȋ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȊȣșȖȚȖȑ ș ȊȣȗțȒȓȖșȚȤȦ ț ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ
ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȍșȤ Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ȑ ș ȖȚȓȐȊȖȔ șȖȓȕȞȈ
ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȑ.
ǰ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȚ șȈȔȣȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕ șȊȖȐȝ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖșȤ
ȔȖȘȍ. ǰ ȧȘȒȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ șȐȧȓȐ ȓțȟȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐ-
ȡȍ ȖșȊȍȡȈȧ ȚȖȋȖ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ șȊȍ-
ȚȐȓȐ.
ǪȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȍȡȍ țșȐȓȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ
ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȊȖȌȊȖȘȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȕȈ ȊșȍȔ șțȌȕȍ.
* ɂɛɥɢɫ — ɩɚɞɲɢɣ ɚɧɝɟɥ ɦɚɝɨɦɟɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ


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ǪȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȘȍȌȐ șțȌȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ
ȖȉȔȍȕ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȚȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ
ț Ȋșȍȝ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȐȋ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑ ȚȈ Ȏȍ ȓȍȌȍȕȧȡȈȧ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȔȣșȓȤ ȕȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȐȊȐȓȐ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȣ ȟțȌȐȡȈ ȕȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓȖ Ȑ șȈȔȖȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȎȐȊȣȔ.
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȖȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȔȐȓȦ ȊȣșȖȚȖȑ ȌȘțȋȐȔ
ȖȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȗȖȌȖȉȕțȦ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕț ȕȖ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȘȈȎȍȕ
ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ Ȏ Ȑ Ȋ Ȗ ȍ ǰ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȗȘȐ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȐ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȓȐȊȖșȚȐ
Ȗ ȚȖȔ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȕȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ
ȒȈȒ ȖȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖșȤ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȦ
ǺȈȒȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ Ȉ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ǩȘȍȑȔȈ
ȗȘȧȔȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȖȚ ȝȓȣȕțȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ țȔ șȖȖȉȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȑ.
ǪȍȌȤ Ȗȕ Ȏȍ ȐȏȊȓȍȒ Ȑȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȋȓțȉȐȕ ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ Ȗȕ
ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓȖ Ȓ ȔȐȘț ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊ-
ȠȍȔț ș ȓȐȞȈ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ș ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍș-
ȒȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȐȊȖ ȚȖ ș ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȑ ȖȕȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ǩ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȕȍ-
ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ — ȘȈȏȊȍ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ
ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ Ȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǬȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȎȐȓȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȖ ȊȐȌ
ȘȖȋȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ țșȓȖȊȐȑ ȍȋȖ șțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȉ ȊȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȖ țșȓȖȊȐȍ ȕȈȘțȠȍȕȖ ȖȕȖ
ȌȖȓȎȕȖ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ
ǬȈ ȊȍȘȕȖ țȎ Ȑ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ
ǺȐȠȐȕț ȞȈȘȐȊȠțȦ ȕȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒȖȔ ȔȖșȚȐȒȍ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȓ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȓȈȉȣȑ ȏȊțȒ ȅȚȖ ǽȈȘȌȔțȚ ȡȍȓȒȕțȓ ȏȈȚȊȖȘȖȔ șȊȖȍȑ
ȒȈȔȍȘȣ ǼȖȚȖȋȘȈȜ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȖȚ ȖȞȍ-
ȗȍȕȍȕȐȧ
ǰ ȗȘȐ ȏȊțȒȍ ȥȚȖȔ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȐȋȕȈȓȖȔ ȎȐȊȈȧ ȒȖȓȖȕ-
ȕȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȋȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȏȈȚȖȕțȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȍȔȣȑ
Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ȕȍȟ
ǯȈȒȈȚ ȉȓȍșȕțȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔȐ ȓțȟȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȕȍșȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ Ȑ ȎȈȘȒȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ țȋȈș ǶȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȍ ȟțȚȤ ȊȣȘȐșȖ-
ȊȣȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ șȔȍȕȐȊȠȐȝ ȌȕȍȊȕȖȑ șȊȍȚ ȚțȔȈȕȕȣȝ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ǰ


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ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȏȊțȒȐ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȘȍȔ ȉțȌȚȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ țȌȈȘȐȓȈșȤ ȊȖȓȕȈ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ
ȗȖȌȘȧȌ șȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȉțȓȤȒȈȕȤȍ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ
ȉțȚȣȓȐ ȖȗțșȒȈȍȔȖȑ Ȋ ȊȖȌț
ǵȖ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ©ǷȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚȈ ǫȐȘȓȐȕȋȈª ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ
ǩȘȍȑȔ șȚȖȧ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȐȒȍ ȖȘȈȓ ȊȖ ȊșȦ ȋȓȖȚȒț DzȈȕȈȚ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȖșȓȈȉ ȇȊȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȉȣȟȈ ȊȣșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ș ȒȘȦȒȈ ȌȈȎȍ
ȍȡȍ ȌȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ǩȈȘȈȉȈȕ șȔȈ-
ȚȣȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȊȖȊșȦ Ȑ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȕȤȍȔ
ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ǵȖ ȟȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȏȈȋȓțȠȐȚȤ —
ȥȚȖ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȊ Ȉ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȐ șȖȉȖȦ ȊȍșȤ șȚȖȧȟȐȑ ȉȍȏȊȍȚ-
Șȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǷȈȝȓȖ ȐȓȖȔ Ȑ ȚȐȕȖȑ ș ȗȘȐȔȍșȤȦ ȍȡȍ ȟȍȋȖ-
ȚȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȋȘȧȏȐ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ
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ǷȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓȖșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈșȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȔȖȚȈȚȤ ȒȈȕȈȚ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȋȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȗȖȌ șȊȍȚ
ȌțȋȖȊȖȑ ȓȈȔȗȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȓȐ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȖȉșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȦ
ǵȖ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ
ȏȈȞȍȗȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ț ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȋȘȈȗȕȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȘȦ-
ȒȖȊ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȒțșȖȟȒȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȓȖșȒțȚȖȒ
ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȒȖȎȐ ǬȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȞȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ
ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȞȈȘȈȗȐȕȣ
ǰ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǩȘȍȑȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ ȥȚȖȚ Ȗș-
ȔȖȚȘ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȗȖȚȘȧș ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȏȊțȒ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ ȘȈșȒȈȚ ȋȘȖ-
ȔȈ Ȉ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȘȍȔ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȚȤȔȍ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȍȓȖȍ
ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȓȖșȈ țȗȈȊȠȍȑ ȊȕȐȏ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȗȍȕȣ
ǫȘȖȕȌȈȈȓȤ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ș ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ ǩȘȍȑȔț
— ǵȈȔ ȗȖȘȈ țȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚșȦȌȈ
Ƕȕ ȌȈȓ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ Ȋ ȔȈȠȐȕȕȖȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ șțȌȕȖ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ȏȊȍȘȤ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓȐ
ȊȐȕȚȣ Ȑ ȖȕȖ ȊȏȧȊ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȒțȘș ȗȖȠȓȖ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȝȖȌȖȔ ǶȕȖ


257
ȗȘȖȠȓȖ țȎȍ ȔȐȓȦ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈșȒȈȚ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓșȧ
șȕȖȊȈ ȕȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ șȓȈȉȍȍ
ǶȕȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȔȐȔȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒȈ ȋȖȘȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȉțȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ
ȖȚȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȔȍșȚȖȕȈȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȋȈșȈȒșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȒȈȉȍȓȧ
ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȍȔț ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ șȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ
Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ țȎȍ țȔȍȘȐȓȐ ȝȖȌ ȖȕȐ șȕȖȊȈ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ
ȏȊțȒ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȋȘȖȔȈ ȊȌȈȓȐ — ȏȊțȒ ȉȣȓ șȖȊșȍȔ țȎ șȓȈȉȣȑ Ȑ
ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ
ǷȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȓțȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌ ȍȍ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȊșȦ
ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈȗȘȖȓȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȎȐȓȐ ȕȖ ȔȖ-
Șȍ ȘȈșșȚȐȓȈȓȖșȤ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȖȕȐ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ țȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȓ ȔȍșȚț ȗȘȖȐș-
ȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȊȖȌȣ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȌȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȏȣȉȤȦ ȗȖȌ ȔȧȋȒȖȑ
ȌȣȔȒȖȑ ȚțȔȈȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȡȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȘȖȎȌȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȌȍȕȤ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȖȎȍ ȎȈȘȒȐȔ
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Ǫ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȗȓȈșȚȐȕȒȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȣȠȍȓ
ǽȈȘȌȔțȚ
ǰ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȚȈ ȗȍȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȦȚ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȊȐȕȚȣ ȒȖȘȈȉ-
ȓȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȍȓȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȐșȍȓ ȕȈ ȧȡȐȒ șȗȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȉțȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȊȍșȚȐ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ǩȣȊȠȐȑ ȕȍȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ǩȘȍȑȔ ȗȖȌȉȍ-
ȎȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȗȓȈșȚȐȕȒț Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȘȈȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ
ǵȈ ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓ șȕȐȔȖȒ țȋȖȓȒȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȒȖȗȍȕȋȈȋȍȕșȒȐȝ
șȈȌȖȊ ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ǽȈȘȌȔțȚ ȖȚȕȖșȧșȤ ș ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȖ ȊșȧȒȐȔ
ȒȖȌȈȒȈȔ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȊȍȘȝ-ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕțȦ ȖȌȕȖșȕȐ-
ȔȖȟȕțȦ ȒȈȔȍȘț Ȑ ȊȚȖȘȖȗȧȝ ȊșȈȌȐȓ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȒȈșșȍȚȒț ș țȎȍ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȓȈșȚȐȕȒȖȑ
ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ș ȚȖȑ ȗȖȘȣ ǽȈȘȌȔțȚ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȓȋȈȓ ȕȐȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȕȍ ȕȈșȔȍȠȕȐȟȈȓ — ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ©ǷȘȍ-
ȏȐȌȍȕȚȈ ǫȐȘȓȐȕȋȈª


©ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɦɟɹ ɡɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɢɡ
Ʌɢɬɬɥ-Ɋɨɤ ɠɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɂɩɫɜɢɱɚ ɲɬɚɬ Ɇɚɫɫɚɱɭɫɟɬɫª
Ɇɢɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɚ Ⱦ Ⱦɟɤɫɬɟɪɚ 


DZȓȜȞȑȖȗ DZȎȟȓțȘȜ
ǺǼǾǿǸǼdz ȅȁDzǼǰǶȇdz
(1920)


Dz Ǿ Ǿ ȀȜșȘȖț
Ƕȕ ȝȜȐȓȟȠȖ
©ǾǼǰdzǾǮǻDzǼǺª
(1925)


275
ǵț ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ șȖȉȈȒȈȝ" ǵȍȚ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ Ȗ ȒȈ-
Ȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȈȝ Ȑ ȌțȘȕȖȔ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȍ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ șȈ-
Ȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȌȖșȚȖȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ ȗȖ-
ȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ Ȋ șȈȔȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ǸȖȊȍȘȈȕ-
ȌȖȔ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȝȘȈȕȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȖȉȐȌț ǰ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȓȍȏȈȓȈ ȕȈȘțȎț
ǷȍȘȊȖȑ Ȏȍ ȍȋȖ ȔȣșȓȤȦ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ©ǵț Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȥȚȖȚ
ȟȍȘȚȖȊ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȐȒ" ǿȚȖ ȗȖȓȤȏȣ ȉȣȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȣȔ" ǬȈ ȧ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ Ȏȍ ȝȖȚȤ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȖȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȘȈȏȌȍȘț
ȍȔț Ȋșȍ ȉȘȦȒȐ șȊȍȘȝț ȌȖȕȐȏțª
Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȌțȝȈ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȖȑ ȉȍȏțșȗȍȠȕȖȑ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ǨȘȚȈȒșȍȘȒ-
șȖȔ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȈȋȈ ȖȚȉȣȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȊȍȌț-
ȡȐȝ Ȑȏ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ȞȈȘșȒȐȝ ȌȖȘȖȋ ǺȖȚ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȉȣȓ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȋȖȘȌȣȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋ ȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȋȖȌȣ ȖȚȘȈȡȐȊȈȚȤ ȝȊȖșȚ ȐȓȐ ȗȓȈȊ-
ȕȐȒȐ Ȑ țȟȐȚȤșȧ ȗȓȈȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȌȍȓȈȓ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȣȉȈ ȚȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȗȐȓ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ
ȒȈȒȖȊȈ Ȏȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȎȈȎȌȈ
 ǴȈșșț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȋ ȐȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ Ȍȍȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȕȈȒȖȓȌȖȊȣȊȈȧ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȉȖȟȖȕȒȐ
șȚȖȧȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȈȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȈȝ șȐȌȘ ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȝȖ-
Țȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȚȖ ȕȈ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȍȝȈȓ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǸȖȊȍȘȈȕȌȖȔ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȍȝȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ©ȥȒșȗȘȍș-
șȍª — ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ ȏȈȒȘțȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȐȕȚȖȔ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȍ ȊȓȍȒȖȔȖȑ
șȍȔȤȦ ȈȒțȓȈȔȐ ǵȈȘȖȌ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȓ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȈȒț-
ȓȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȒțșȈȦȚșȧ«
— ǬȈȊȈȑ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǸȖȊȍȘȈȕȌȖȔ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȗșț Ȑ
ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȊșȓȍȌ ȗȖ ȖȉȘȣȊț ǰ ȥȚȐ ȌȊȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȣȍ șȖ-
ȉȈȒȐ ȠȊȣȘȧȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȘȍȚț ȏȌȖȘȖȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȊșȦȌț ȋȌȍ ȖȕȈ
ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȖȉȘȣȊț DzȈȒ ȧ țȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȖȕȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȖȕȐ ȔȟȈȓȐșȤ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȗȘȧȟȈșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȊȣȝ ȒțșȚȈȝ Ȑ șȗȐȝȐȊȈȧ ȊȕȐȏ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ
ȓȍȎȈȓȖ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȒȘȈȦ ȅȚȖ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȌȖșȈȎȌȈȓȖ ȊȖȓȠȍȉ-
ȕȐȒț ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȓǨȘȚȈȒșȍȘȒș Ȑ ȊȣȍȝȈȓ–ȚȖ Ȋ țȎȈșȕȖȔ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȌțȝȈ
Ȉ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȚȤ Ȑ ȔȐȓȐ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȋ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȍ — Ȓ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȔț ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȗȘȐȔȍȠȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȌȖȓȧ ȚȘȍȊȖ-


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ȋȐ ǰȉȖ ȍȔț ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȖ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ țȡȍȘȉ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍȕȕȣȑ
ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȧȊȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȑ
Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȔȖȘȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȍȔț ȕț șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ Ƕȕ
ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ — Ȑ ȉȣȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȈȊ — ȟȚȖ Ȓ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ Ȋ
ȚȖȔ ȘȈȑȖȕȍ ȗȘȍȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȊȍȡȈȔ ȓțȟȠȍ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȚȤ
ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ
ǩȍȘț ȕȈ șȍȉȧ șȔȍȓȖșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ țȎȍ șȔȖȋȓȐ
ȌȖȋȈȌȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȚȈȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȓȖ ǨȘȚȈȒșȍȘȒș — ȔȖȋ
ǬȘȍȊȕȐȑ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ǯȔȍȑ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȓșȧ
ǰȓȐ ȗȖȓțȌțȔȈȓ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ
ǬȖȓȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ șȕȍ ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȚȤșȧ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ șȊȍȘȕțȚ Ȋ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȚȖ
ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȓ șȖȚȍȕ ȔȐȓȤ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕț ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȒȘȈȧ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȧ ȔȐȘȈ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍțȊȍ-
ȓȐȟȍȕȐȍ
 ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȊȍȘȕțȚ ȚȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌȕȈ ȗȍȡȍȘȈ
ȗȖȔȐȔȖ DzȓțȉȧȡȍȋȖșȧ DzȖȚȓȈ — ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ Ȑ ȎȐȓ Ȑ ȋȌȍ
ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȎȍȓȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȍȔț ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ — ȌȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȡȍ-
ȘȈ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȒȍȈȕȈȝ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȊȔȍșȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǰ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ Ȓ
ȗȘȍȊȍȓȐȒȖȔț ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȦ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȏȈ șȖȚȕȐ ȔȐȓȤ ȖȚ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȞȈȘȧ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ǯȔȍȑ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓ ȖȌȕȖ-ȌȊȈ Ȑȏ
șȊȖȐȝ ȒȖȓȍȞ ȊȖȌȣ ȊȏȉȈȓȈȔțȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ șȖȒȘțȠȈȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȟȍșȒȐȍ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȕȈȘțȠȈȓȐ ȗȖȒȖȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈ șȖȚȕȐ Ȑ șȖȚȕȐ
ȔȐȓȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ǰ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȏȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȋȓțȗȖ ȗȖșȣȓȈȚȤ
ǷǨǴȈ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ǯȔȍȑ
șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖȋȘȖȔȍȕ Ȑ șȐȓȍȕ Ȑ șȚȈȘ Ȑ Țțȗ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ
ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȔȖȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ǷȘȐȔȖȘȌȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȣșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ǹȈȔȈ ǴȖȘșȒȈȧ ǹȚȐȝȐȧ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȘȕȣȑ ȔȐȜȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȌțȘȖȒ — ȚȈȒȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȥȗȐȚȍȚȣ ȗȘȐȓȈȋȈȍ-
Ȕȣȍ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ǨȘȚȈȒșȍȘȒș ȥȚȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓ
ǬȈȎȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ–ȕȈ–dzțȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȉȍȏ țșȚȈȓȐ ȗȧȚȤ-
ȌȍșȧȚ ȓȍȚ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȖșȚȘȧȗȈȓ ȉȣ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȕȐȧ șȚȖȓȤ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕț-
ȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȔ șȒȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ǴȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ǯȔȍȧ ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓ-
șȧ — ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ țȎ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȕțȎȌȈ — Ȑ Ȋ Șȍ-
ȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ ȗȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕȚ țȠȍȓ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌț
ǩȍȌȕȧȋȈ ǨȘȚȈȒșȍȘȒș ȘțȓȐȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȒȖ ȊȝȖȌț Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘț ǵȖ
ȍȡȍ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȈ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ-


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șȧ Ȑȏ țșȚȤȧ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ȒȖȕȟȐȒ ȏȔȍȐȕȖȋȖ ȝȊȖșȚȈ
ǩȣȓ Ȗȕ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȟȍȓȣȑ șȖșȚȈȊ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȝ ȞȐșȚȍȘȕ
Ȍȓȧ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ Ȑ șȒȓȐȏȒȐȑ«
ȅȚȖȋȖ ǨȘȚȈȒșȍȘȒș ȊȣȕȍșȚȐ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ Ƕȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ
ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȥȚȖȚ ǿȍȘȊȧȒ ȕȈȟȕȍȚ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ șȕȖȊȈ — ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȘȊȧȒȐ Ȋ șȈȔȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ
ǰ ȚțȚ Ȋșȍ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǸȖȊȍȘȈȕȌȖȔ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ȗ ǴȖȘșȒȖȔ ǯȔȍȍ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ Ƕȕ
ȌțȔȈȓ ȓȐȠȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȌȖșȈȌȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȔț ȐȌȐȖȚșȒȖȔț ȊȖȓ-
ȠȍȉȕȐȒț ș ȍȋȖ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȣȔ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȖȔ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȕțȓ-
șȧ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ — Ȉ ǨȘȚȈȒșȍȘȒș șȚȖȧȓ ȒȈȒ ȌțȘȈȒ ȏȈȔȍȘȍȊ Ȑ țșȚȈ-
ȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ǯȔȍȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ șȒȈȒțȕȣ ȕȐ
ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȖșȖȉȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȐ — ȗȍș ȗȖȌȗȖȓȏ ȗȖȉȓȐ-
Ȏȍ Ȑ țȒțșȐȓ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȈȒțȓ ȏȈ ȝȊȖșȚ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȍȓȧ șȔȍȝȈ
Ǭȓȧ șȔȍȝȈ ǵȖ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ șȔȍȝȈ
ǨȒțȓȈ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȕțȓȈ Ȑ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓȈșȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȗȖȊȖȏ-
ȒȈ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȚȈȒȎȍ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓȈșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ǨȘȚȈȒșȍȘȒș
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ–ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȓȍȏȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȍ șȊȈ-
ȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȗȐȕț ǯȈȚȍȔ ȈȒțȓȈ țȒțșȐȓȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȖ ȟȍȋȖ
ȔȖȋȓȈ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȌȖȚȧȕțȚȤșȧ Ȉ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȝȊȖșȚ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
șȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȈȒțȓȣ ǰ ȚȈ ȈȒțȓȈ țȒțșȐȓȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȍ
ȗȖȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȧȧ Ȑȏ șȍȔȐ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ țȒțșȐȚȤ«
Ƕ ȉȖȎȍ ǰȌȐȖȚȒȈ
«ǭșȓȐ ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȕȍ țȒțșȐȓȈ ȏȈ
ȝȊȖșȚ ǴȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ǯȔȍȧ
ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ǯȔȍȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ ȕȖȊȣȑ Ȑ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȑ
ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚ ǰ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ
Ȑȝ ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȕȕȣȝ ȌȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȐ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȏȈȊȍȘȚȍȓȖ ȊȖȓȟȒȖȔ ȊȖ
ȊȏȉȍșȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȊȖȌȍ ș ȘȈȏȔȈȝț țȌȈȘȧȧ Ȗ ȒȘțȚȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ș ȋȖȓȖ-
ȊȖȒȘțȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ Șȣȉ Ȑ ȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȐȍșȧ șȗȐȘȈȓȤȦ
ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ Ȋ Țțȟȍ ȊȣȒȖȘȟȍȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ ȗȍșȒȈ
ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕ Ȑ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȝȓȈȔȈ
ǹȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ țȎȈșȕȍȑ Ȑ țȎȈșȕȍȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ǯȔȍȑ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȚȤșȧ


278
ǰ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊț
ȉȍȌȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǨȘȚȈȒșȍȘȒș Ȓȓȧȕȧ Ȑȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
ǨȒțȓ ȧ ȐȔȍȦ Ȋ ȊȐȌț
Dz șȟȈșȚȤȦ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ,
ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓ ǸȖȊȍȘȈȕȌȖȔ
ȇ ȕȍ ȊȍȌȈȦ ȒȈȒ șȖȉȈȒȈȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ȌȖȔț ǪȖ
ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȥȚȖ șȔȖȋȓȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȚȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȑȝ ȊȣȔȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ
ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ țȎȈșȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȘȐȓȐȊȖȊ ȗȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȠȍȊȍȓȍȕȐȍȔ
ǴȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ǯȔȍȧ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȑȝ ȊȣȓȖȊȐȓȐ ȘȣȉȈȒȐ Ȑ țȎȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȖȚȖșȓȈȓȐ Ȋ ǨȒȊȈȘȐțȔ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ șțȌȤȉȈ
 ȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȐȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȞȍȕȖȑ șȉȐȚȣȝ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȕȣȝ Ȓ șțȠȍ ȓȈȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȐȔ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȖȓȤ-
ȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ
ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȐ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȚȈȔ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣȓ
țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ǪȍșȤ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ șȚȖȓȗȐȓșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȧ
— ǷȖȌȈȚȤ șȦȌȈ ǷǨǴȈ ǬȈ-ȌȈ ǶȕȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȐ-
ȓȦȌȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȧ

ǷǶǬǨǺȄ ǹȆǬǨ ǷǨǴȈ
ǷǶǬǨǺȄ ǹȆǬǨ ǷǨǴȈ
Ǩ ǷǨǴ ȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȈȝ
Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȔȐșșȐș ǨȘȚȈȒșȍȘȒș ȖȚȣșȒȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȔ Ȑ
ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȕȈȘțȎț Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȏȈȊȖȗȐȓ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȗȕ Ȋȣȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȌȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȖȒȖȠȒȈ
— ǷȘȍȒȘȈȚȐ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȍ
ǷǸǭDzǸǨǺǰ ȅǺǶ ǩǭǯǶǩǸǨǯǰǭ
ǷǸǭDzǸǨǺǰ ȅǺǶ ǩǭǯǶǩǸǨǯǰǭ
ǰ ȖȕȐ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȋȊȈȓȚ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȐ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȥȚȖ ȔȖȘȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȠțȔȐȚ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ
ȖȉȣȟȕȖȋȖ"
ǰ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȈȒ ȖȕȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ǯȔȍȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ ȏȈșțȕțȚȤ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȗȈșȚȤ ȒȖȕȟȐȒ
ȝȊȖșȚȈ
ǵȖ ȝȊȈȓȈ ȕȍȉț Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ —
Ȉ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȊȣȗȖȓȏȚȐ ȕȈȘțȎț Ȑ Ȋ ȋȕȍȊȍ ȚȘȧȝȕțȚȤ ȝȊȖ-


279
șȚȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕȚ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȉȣ ȒȖ Ȍȕț DzȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖ șȖȎȈȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕȚ Ȑ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȎȐȊȍȚȍ
Ȋȣ«
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȎȐȓ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕȚȍ Ȉ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ
Ȑ ȗȘȧȔȖ-ȚȈȒȐ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȗȍȒȓȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ«
«Ȑ ȚȈȔ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȟȍȘȍșȟțȘ ȎȈȘȒȖ ǰ ȖȕȐ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȞȈȘȤ ȖȉȧȏȈȓ ǷǨǴȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȈ-
ȒȓȐȕȈȕȐȍ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȐȓȐ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖȍ țșȗȖ-
ȒȖȐȚȤ ǴȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ǯȔȍȧ ǰȉȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȌȖȚȧȕțȚȤșȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ȌȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȍȘȍȒțșȐȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȊȣșȔȖȘȒȈȚȤșȧ — ȚȈȒ șȖȚȘȧ-
șȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖȌȈ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ țȌȈȘȧȓșȧ Ȗ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȍȡȍ Ȑ Ȋșȧ Șȣ-
ȉȈ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤȦ — ȚȈȒ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖȌȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȚȈȒ ȏȈȊȐȝȘȧȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȍșȒț ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȖ-
ȋȖȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȈȠȓȧȓȐ Ȑ ȚȈȕȞȣ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ
ǨȘȚȈȒșȍȘȒș ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ǰ ȊȖȚ Ȗȕ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȔȈșȚȍȘ-
șȒțȦ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȘșȧ ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȐ
ȚȘȐ ȏȍȔȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȧ ȌȊȈ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ țȘȈȋȈȕȈ Ȑ ȘȧȌ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌ-
ȒȖȊ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑ Ȑș-
ȗțșȚȐȓ ȋȘȈȕȌȐȖȏȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȋ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ țȉȈȦ-
ȒȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȍșȕȖȗȍȕȐȧ
 Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȚ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ
Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈșȍȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȈȝ Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ —
Ȋșȍ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȔȐșșȐș ǨȘȚȈȒșȍȘȒș Ȑ ȍȍ ȕȍȏȈȌȈȟȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȔțȎȈ ǪȖȓ-
ȠȍȉȕȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ — ȕȖ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȉȍ-
ȏȖȗȈșȕȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ
 Ȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȔ ȔȐșșȐș
Ȏȍ ǨȘȚȈȒșȍȘȒș ȉȣȓȈ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȈ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȊȖȓȠȍȉ-
ȕȐȒȖȔ
ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȖ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȕȐȍ — ȖȕȖ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȖ ț
ǯȔȍȧ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȣȑ șȖȕ ǭȔț ȗȘȐșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȗȓȖȠȤ ȗȖȒ-
ȘȣȚ ȗȖȓȐȗȈȔȐ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȐȟȕȖ șȖȖȚȊȍȚ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
 Ȑ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȎȈ-
ȘȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊțȓȒȈȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖ Ȑ țȊȣ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȗȓȖȌȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ

ǰ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȔȈȋȐȧ ǨȘȚȈȒșȍȘȒșȈ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȉȣȓȈ
ȓțȟȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȐ ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ
ǯȔȍȑ ȕȍ ȊȣȗȖȓȏ ȕȈȘțȎț — Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ Ƕȕ


ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ ȍȋȖ ȝȊȖșȚ ȏȍȊȕțȓ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȊ ȗȈșȚȤ ȠȐȘȖȟȍȕȕțȦ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȡȍȘȈ Ȑ ȐȏȌȈȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȋȘȖȔ-
ȒȐȑ ȝȘȈȗ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȈȝ Ȋșȍȝ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ
ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȚȊ
ǰ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǷǸǭDzǸǨǺǰǺǭ ȅǺǶ ǩǭǯǶǩǸǨǯǰǭ
ǰ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ
— ǭǹdzǰ ȅǺǶǺ ǯǨDzǶǵǿǭǵǵȃDZ ǰǬǰǶǺ–ǪǶdzȀǭǩ-
ǵǰDz ǵǭ ǻDZǬǭǺ ǶǺǹȆǬǨ ǵǭǴǭǬdzǭǵǵǶ
ǰ ǭǹdzǰ Ƕǵ DzǶǫǬǨ–ǵǰǩǻǬȄ ǺǶdzȄDzǶ ǷǶǷǸǶǩǻǭǺ ǹǻ-
ǵǻǺȄ Ǫ ǴǶǸǭ ǽǶǺȄ ǷǨdzǭǾ
ȇ ǪȃDZǬǻ
ǰ ǺǶǫǬǨ ȇ ǹǵǨǿǨdzǨ ǹȂǭǴ ǭǫǶ
Ǩ ǷǶǺǶǴ ǸǨǯǵǭǹǻ Ǫǹǭ ǬǶ DzǨǷdzǰ
ǪǬǸǭǩǭǯǫǰ
Ǫǹǭ
ǹǷǶDzǶDZǵǶDZ ǵǶǿǰ


ǯȎȟȟȓȠ ǺȜȞȑȎț
ǹǮǼǸǼǼǻ
(1926)


282
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȠȝțȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȏȈȚȍȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȉȍȘȍ-
ȋȈȔ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ șȔȖȓȒȓȐ ǺȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȈȧ
ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ ǷȈȗțȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȖȚȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȦ-
ȡȍȑ Ƕȕ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ǬȍȕȕȍȔȈ Ȑ șȋȖ-
ȘȧȟȈ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ țȟȍȕȖȔț Ȋ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȖȉȐ-
ȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȔȖȘȧ ț ȥȚȐȝ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ Ȋ ȖȉȔȍȕ ȕȈ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȕȤȍ Ȋ ȚȘȐ Țȣ-
șȧȟȐ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ Ȋ ȋȖȌ ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȓ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȐ
ǴȐȈȏȔȣ ȌȎțȕȋȓȍȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȣȌȣȝȈȓȐ ȖȚȘȈȊț Ȋ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȑ Ȋȍ-
ȚȍȘȖȒ ș ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ǬȎțȕȋȓȐ ȌȣȠȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȚȍȘȈ Ƕȕ
ȌȖșȚȈȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ǬȍȕȕȍȔȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȟȐȚȈȓ ȍȋȖ
ǷȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȉȣȓ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ Ǭȍȕ-
ȕȍȔȈ Ȋ DzȈȓȐȜȖȘȕȐȑșȒȖȔ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȓ șȓȈȊț
ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȜțȚȉȖȓȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȉȣȓ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕ
ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȒȈȜȍȌȘț Ȋ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȉțȘȍȑ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȐȏȌȍȊȖȒ
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȏȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȖȑ șȚȈȚȤȍȑ
Ǫ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȊȍȘȐȚ Ȋ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ
ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȍȊ ǹȚȈȚȤȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȖȐȓȓȦșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ ȒȈȘȐȒȈ-
ȚțȘȖȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȊȠȍȑ ǬȍȕȕȍȔȈ Ȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈ ǿțȕȋ
ǿȐȕȋȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȍȎȍ Ȑ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȋȖ țȟȍȕȐȒȈ ǶȉȈ ȒȈȒ dzȈȖȖ-
ȒȖȕ ȒȖȘȟȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ ȏȔȍȐ ș ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ ©ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍª ȕȈ ȉȖȒț Ǫ șȚȈȚȤȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȗ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȈȜȍȌȘȍ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȍ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȍșȈȌȒȍ ȔȖȏȋȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ
ȒȘȣșȣ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȌȘțȋȖȑ ǨșșȐșȚȍȕȚ Ȑȏ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ șȣȋȘȈȓ ș
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȔ ȠțȚȒț ȏȈȔȍȕȐȊ ȔȖȏȋ șȈȔȒȐ ȔȖȏȋȖȔ șȈȔȞȈ Ȑ
țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȐȑ ȒȈȔȗțș ȉțȘȓȐȓ ȖȚ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȑ ȟȍȔ ȏȈ-
ȒȖȕȟȐȚșȧ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚ
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȈȓȤ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ǬȍȕȕȍȔȈ ǵȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ
ȌȖȊȖȌȖȔ șȚȈȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ Ȋ ȋȖȌ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ș
ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȔ ȖȚȗȓȣȓ Ȑȏ ǹȈȕ-ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȖ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒ
Ȑ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓ ȕȈ Ƞȝțȕț ȠȍȌȠțȦ ȕȈ ǷȈȗțȈ ǬȍȕȕȍȔ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ
ȗȘȐșȓȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȔȖȚȖȘȕțȦ ȓȖȌȒț
Ǫ ȗȐșȤȔȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȗȍȘȍȟȐȚȈȓ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ
ȉȍȘȍȋ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘț ȕțȎȍȕ ©șȐȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ ȉȍș-
șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȖ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȕȍȘȊȈȔȐª ǶȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȦȡȈȧ
ȗȘȐȚȧȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ǷȈȗțȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȈ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȖȊȣȔ șȔȣș-
ȓȖȔ


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ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ șȖȑȚȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ
ȒȐȚȈȍȞ Ȋ ȏȈȔȈșȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȒȖȔȉȐȕȍȏȖȕȍ
— Ǫȣ ȔȐșȚȈ ǻȐȓȉȐ" ǷȖȎȈȓȚȍ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȈ
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȗȘȖȡȈȓșȧ șȖ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍ-
șȚȊȐȦ Ȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȓȖȌȒȍ ǪȖȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟ-
ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȈȘȐȓȈ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ǪȐȕȚ ȊȏȉȐȓ ȗȍȕț ȓȖȌ-
ȒȈ ȟțȚȤ ȕȈȒȘȍȕȐȓȈșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȖȋȕțȓȐ Ȕȣș ǿȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ
ȓȖȌȒȈ ȔȟȈȓȈșȤ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȔȐȔȖ ȋțșȚȣȝ ȌȎțȕȋȓȍȑ Ȑ ȉȍȏ-
ȉȘȍȎȕȣȝ Șȍȟȕȣȝ țșȚȤȍȊ ǵȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȏȈȚȖȗȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȘȍȊȍș-
ȕȣȍ șȚȊȖȓȣ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȖȚȐșȚțȦ ȗȖȟȊț ǩȖȘȧșȤ ș ȗȖȌșȚț-
ȗȈȊȠȐȔ ȕȍȊȍșȚȤ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȈȕȋȘȖȊȣȍ ȏȈȘȖșȓȐ ǫȓțȝȈȧ ȚȖșȒȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȓȈ
ȍȋȖ DzȐȚȈȍȞ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȏȈȊȧ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ Ȑ șȚȖȐȟȍșȒȐ ȝȘȈȕȐȓ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ
Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȖȉȍȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȈș ȗȘȐȋȓțȠȐȊ ȔȖȚȖȘ, ȓȖȌȒȈ ȊȗȓȣȓȈ Ȋ
ȓȈȋțȕț ȀțȔ ȊȐȕȚȈ Ȋșȗțȋȕțȓ ȗȚȐȞ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ ȖșȚȖȊȍ șȚȈ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȗȘȖȕȏȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȐȧȔȐ ȒȖȘȈȓȓȖȊ Ǫ ȊȖȌȈȝ ȓȈ-
ȋțȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȐșȒȘȣ șțȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȉȍȓȣȔȐ șȒȍȓȍȚȈȔȐ ȒȖȘȕȍȑ
ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȘȣȉȒȐ ǴȖȘșȒȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȖȒȖȘȐȓȈ țȔȍȘȠȐȑ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ǷȖ ȍȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈȔ ȗȖȓȏȓȈ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȗȓȍșȍȕȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȊȐȌ-
ȕȍȓșȧ ȗȘȖȋȕȐȊȠȐȑ ȗȖȘȖșȠȐȑ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȧȔȐ ȒȖȘȗțș ǵȍȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȈȓ ȗȘȖșȍȓ ȗȖȌ ȊȍșȖȔ ȓȐȈȕ ȟȤȐ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈ ȗȖȓȖșȒȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ǬȖșȒȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȔ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȋțȌȍȓȐ Țț-
ȟȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ǬȖȝȕțȓȖ ȎȈȘȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȟȐ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ
Ȋ Țȍȓȍ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȕȍȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȗțȓȤșȐȘȖȊȈȓȖ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȊ-
ȘȈȓȋȐȐ Ȑ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȕȣȑ ȏȕȖȑ ȕȈȌ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȔȐ ȝȖȓȔȈȔȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ,
ȖȉȘȍȚȈȓ ȋȖȓȖș
ǺȘȖȗȐȕȒȈ ȊȍȌțȡȈȧ ȖȚ ȗȘȐȟȈȓȈ Ȋșȧ ȏȈȘȖșȓȈ ȗȖȓȏțȟȐȔȐ
ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧȔȐ DzȐȚȈȍȞ ȖȉȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȘțȉȐȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȈȚȓȐȊȣȍ
ȖȚȘȖșȚȒȐ ȕȖȎȖȔ ǶȘȝȐȌȍȐ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȗȓȈȔȧ ǩȍȏȖșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȖȟȕȖȍ ȋțȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȊȏȔȍȚȈȓȖșȤ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȝȖȘȖȔ
ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ ȗȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȐȏȊȐȊȖȊ ȓȐȈȕ șȚȈȓȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȕȐȒȈȓȖ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȗȓȍȚȍȕȐȍ ȊȍȚȊȍȑ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȓȖȎȐȓȖșȤ
ȗȧȚȕȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȗț ǰ Ȋșȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȈȓ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȘȐȚȔȐȟ-
ȕȣȑ ȏȊțȒ ȌȍȘȋȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȍȘȊȣ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȐȏȊȖȌȐȊȠȍȔț șȓțȝ ȗȍ-
ȕȐȦ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ


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ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȌȎțȕȋȓȍȑ Ȑ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȈȔȉț-
ȒȖȊțȦ ȐȏȋȖȘȖȌȤ ȖȒȘțȎȈȊȠțȦ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈșȟȐȡȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ țȝȖ-
Ȏȍȕȕȣȑ țȟȈșȚȖȒ ǬȎțȕȋȓȐ ȖȚȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȏȈȌ șȕȖ-
ȊȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓȐ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȌțȠȐȓȐ șȈȌ ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ
ȐȏȋȖȘȖȌȐ Ȑ ȖșȈȎȌȈȓȐ ȊȣȔȖȡȍȕȕțȦ ȉȐȚȣȔȐ ȒȖȘȈȓȓȈȔȐ ȌȖ-
ȘȖȎȒț ǶȕȈ ȊȍȓȈ Ȓ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȖȔț ȌȖȔț ș ȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȗȈȓȤȔȖȊȣ-
ȔȐ ȓȐșȚȤȧȔȐ ȒȘȣȠȍȑ Ȑ țȊȐȚȖȑ ȓȐȈȕȈȔȐ ȊȍȘȈȕȌȖȑ. ǷȖȏȈȌȐ
ȌȖȔȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȑ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȍ șȒȈȓȣ ǺȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȈ ȏȊțȒ — ȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȣ ȔȖȘȧ ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȖ ȉȐȊȠȐȍ Ȗ șȚȍȕȣ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȗȍȡȍȘ
DzȐȚȈȍȞ-ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȏȈ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȓȖȕȐȓ-
șȧ Ȓ ȐȏȋȖȘȖȌȐ ǵȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȠȖȘȖȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȓȓȖȊȖȑ
ȌȖȘȖȎȒȍ Ǫ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȕȕȖȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȗȣȠȕȣȑ ȒțșȚ ȉțȋȍȕ-
ȊȐȓȓȐȐ ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȗțȘȗțȘȕȣȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȍȞ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȗȈȘțșȐȕȖȊȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ șȓțȋȐ Ƕȕ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȚȖȧȓ
ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ Ȑ șȗȓȍȚȈȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ǵȈ ȔȐȋ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ
ȊȕȖȊȤ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖșȚȐ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȎțȕ-
ȋȓȧȔȐ țȎȈșȈ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȈȦȡȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
— ǷȍȘȍȌȈȑ ȝȖȏȧȐȕț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
Ȗȕ ȒȐȚȈȑȞț
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȏȈ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȔ Ȋ ȌȖȔ Ǫ ȚȍȕȐșȚȖȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȖ ǵȈ ȗȖȓț ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȐ DzȘȍșȓȈ
ȕȈȉȐȚȣȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȖȑ ȔȈȕȐȓȐ Ȓ ȖȚȌȣȝț ǯȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓȐ șȚȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȠȒȈȜȣ ș ȖȉȘȈȏȞȈȔȐ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȜȈțȕȣ Ȋ ȉȈȕȒȈȝ ș ȥȚȐȒȍȚ-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȚȖȓ ș ȗȐȠțȡȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȒȖȑ Ȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȕȣȔ ȎțȘȕȈ-
ȓȖȔ ǸȧȌȖȔ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȖȗȐșȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ Ǫ ȌȖȔȍ ȞȈȘȐ-
ȓȐ ȟȐșȚȖȚȈ Ȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȕȖ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȕȍ ȖȡțȡȈȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȉȍ-
ȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȌȎțȕȋȓȐ ȉȣȓȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ
— ǽȖȏȧȐȕ șȐȟȈș ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤ — ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȍȞ
— ǫȌȍ ǿțȕȋ ǿȐȕȋ"
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ șȚțȌȍȕȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȔ ǬȍȕȕȍȔȖȔ Ȋ ȥȚț țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕțȦ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ Ȑ
ȗȖ șȓțȝȈȔ ȜȐȕȈȕșȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȣ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ
— Ƕȕ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ


285
dzȐȞȖ șȓțȋȐ ȐșȒȈȏȐȓȈ ȕȍȘȊȕȈȧ ȋȘȐȔȈșȈ
— ǻ ȊȈș ȍșȚȤ ȓȖȌȒȈ" ȇ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ — ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȌȖȉȈ-
ȊȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȖȚȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ ȗȘȐ ȏȊțȒȍ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȖȠȍȓ ȗȘȖ-
ȜȍșșȖȘ ǬȍȕȕȍȔ
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓșȧ ȌȖ ȕȍțȏ-
ȕȈȊȈȍȔȖșȚȐ ǭȋȖ ȒȖȎȈ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȖȉȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȈ ȒȖșȚȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ț ȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȖȋȖ Ȉ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȈȧ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȘțȒȈ ȕȍș-
ȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȎȈȘț ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑ ȉȍȏȎȐȏ-
ȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ț ȚȘțȗȈ
— ǸȈȌ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȐ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǬȍȕȕȍȔ —
Ǫȣ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȖȏȌȈȓȐ Ȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ țșȗȍȍȚȍ ȗȖȊȐȌȈȚȤ-
șȧ ș ǿțȕȋ ǿȐȕȋȖȔ ǶȚȓȖȎȐȔ ȥȚȖ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ǵȣ ȗȖțȎȐȕȈȍȔ
Ȑ Ȋȣ șȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȏȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ȒȖȍ-
ȒȈȒȐȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ǿțȕȋ ǿȐȕȋȈ Ȑ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȧ ȏȈȕȍșȚȐ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓ
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ șȓț-
ȋȖȑ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȔȖșȒȐȚȕȣȔ
ȗȖȓȖȋȖȔ Ƕȕ șȕȧȓ ȖȉțȊȤ Ȑ ȗȐȌȎȈȒ ȘȈșșȚȍȋȕțȓ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȟȖȒ
ȓȍȋ ȕȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȏȈȌȘȍȔȈȓ ǭȋȖ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓȖ ȏȊȧȒȈȕȤȍ ȗȖșț-
ȌȣǹȚȖȓ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȒȘȣȚ ȕȈ ȌȊȖȐȝ ȕȖ ǬȍȕȕȍȔ Ȓ țȎȐ-
ȕț ȕȍ ȊȣȠȍȓ
ǹȓțȋȈ ȊȍȘȚȍȓșȧ ț șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ țșȍȘȌȕȖ ȖȉșȓțȎȐȊȈȓ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ
ǷȖȌȈȊ ȒȖȜȍ Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȣȔ țȔȖȓȧȦȡȐȔ
ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǻ ȊȈș ȍșȚȤ ȓȖȌȒȈ" ȇ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
ǴȖȋȓȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȏȈȊȐșȍȓȈ ȖȚ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ DzȐȚȈȍȞ ȧȊȕȖ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȕȍȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȐȔȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ
Ȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗ ȕȈȗȖȓȏȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȈ ȌȖȔ ȌȎțȕȋȓȧȝ
Ȑ ȖșȚȖȊȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ Ȋ ȓȈȋțȕȍ Ƕȕ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȓ ȟȚȖ ǬȍȕȕȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȈȕȌț ǵȍȊȍȎȓȐȊȖșȚȤ
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȐȌȍȓȈ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ Ȑ ȋȕȍȚț-
ȡȍȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ
ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȔȖșȒȐȚȣ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȓȐ șȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȧȘȖșȚȤȦ Ƕȕ
șȓȣȠȈȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȋțȓ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȗȍȡȍȘ — Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǻȐȓ-
ȓȖțȉȐ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȉȈȕȒȐ Ȋ șȚȍȕȕȣȝ ȠȒȈȜȈȝ Ȑ
ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȚȖȓț ǰȏ ȗȐȠțȡȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȒȐ ȚȖȘȟȈȓ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț
ȖȚȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȓȐșȚ ǵȍ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȏȈȗȐșȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌ-


286
ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕțȦ Ȍȓȧ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȏȈȉȍȋȈȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȗȖ
șȚȘȖȟȒȈȔ
Ǽʠˈˌ˚˃˔ ˖ˉˈ ːˈˎ˟ˊˢ ˔ˑˏːˈ˅˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˚˕ˑ ˆ˓˖˄˃ˢ ˗ˋˊˋ˚ˈ˔ˍ˃ˢ
˒˓ˋˏˋ˕ˋ˅ːˑ˔˕˟ ˊ˅ˈ˓ˢ ˒ˑˆˎˑ˕ˋˎ˃ ˕ˑːˍ˖ˡ ˇ˖˛˖ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ˃Ǥ
ʑ˚ˈ˓˃ ˑː ˔˝ˈˎ ˇ˅ˑˌː˖ˡ ˒ˑ˓˙ˋˡ ˏˢ˔˃ ˋ ˄˖ˍ˅˃ˎ˟ːˑ ˄ˈ˔ːˑ˅˃ˎ-
˔ˢǡ ˕˓ˈ˄˖ˢ ˈ˜ˈǤ ʝː ˋˊˇ˃˅˃ˎ ˇˋˍˋˌ ˓ˈ˅ ˋ ˢ˓ˑ˔˕ːˑ ˅ˊ˄ˋ˅˃ˎ ˒ˈ-
ː˖ ˅ ˑˊˈ˓ˈǤ ʮ ˖˅ˈ˓ˈːǡ ˚˕ˑ ˈˆˑ ˢ˓ˑ˔˕˟ ː˃˒˓˃˅ˎˈː˃ ː˃ ˏˈːˢǡ ˈˆˑ
ˇ˓˖ˆ˃ ˋ ˍˑˏ˒˃ː˟ˑː˃Ǥ ʝː ˕˃ˍ ˔˕˓˃ˇ˃ˎ ˒˓ˋ ˏ˞˔ˎˋ ˑ ˕ˑˏǡ ˚˕ˑ ˢ ˖ˏ-
˓˖ ˒˓ˈˉˇˈ ˈˆˑ ˋ ˑː ˑ˔˕˃ːˈ˕˔ˢ ˅ ˑˇˋːˑ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˈǤ ʜˈ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑ ˋ ˆˑˇ˃ǡ
ˍ˃ˍ ˑː ˒˓ˈ˅˓˃˕ˋˎ˔ˢ ˅ ˊ˅ˈ˓ˢ ˋ ːˈ ˉˈˎ˃ˈ˕ ˏˈːˢ ˊː˃˕˟Ǥ ʝː ˄ˑˎ˟-
˛ˈ ːˈ ˔ˎ˖˛˃ˈ˕ ˏˑˋ ˖ˆˑ˅ˑ˓˞ ˋǤǤǤǽ
ǼȘȈȏȈ ȖȉȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȚȊȓȍȒ-
ȓȖ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȟȐȚȈȓ șȖ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ȋȕȍȊȈ Ȑ țȎȈșȈ
ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ǿțȕȋ ǿȐȕȋ ȓȐȠȐȓșȧ ȘȈșșțȌȒȈ Ȉ ȍȋȖ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ
ȕȈȕȧȓȐ țȝȈȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȔ ǭȔț șȚȈȓȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖ ǹ
ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ
ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ — ȘȈȏȊȍ ȟȚȖ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȚȤ ȓȖȌȖȟȕȐȒȈ Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ
ț șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌțȔȣȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ șȓțȋȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȕȖ ȗȘȧȚȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ǻȐȓȓȖț-
ȉȐ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȓȐ Ȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘț șȓțȋȈ ȏȈȔȖ-
ȚȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȟȤ — ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȊȐȓ Ȗȕ
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒț Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȗȘȐ-
ȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȊȠțȦ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ǿțȕȋ ǿȐȕȋț șțȌȧ ȗȖ Ȋȣ-
ȠȐȚȣȔ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈȔ ȟțȚȤ ȗȖȠȍȊȍȓȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ȖȚ șȒȊȖȏȕȧȒȈ ǴȍȎ-
Ȍț șȚȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȠȒȈȜȈȔȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ Șȍȏȕȣȍ ȚȐȒȖȊȣȍ șțȕȌțȒȐ ǵȈ
șȚȖȓȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȏȈȗȈȧȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȍ Țțȉțșȣ ș ȕȈȒȓȍȑ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕ ȈȌȘȍș ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐ-
ȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȒțȌȈȝȚȈȕȤȍ Ȑ ȊȣșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓ ȕȈȘțȎț ǷȖȌ ȕȈȊȍșȖȔ ț ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȖȑ ȒȓȍȚȒȐ ȗȘȐ șȊȍ-
Țȍ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǬȍȕȕȍȔ ȌțȠȐȓ
ȒțȘȐȞț ǬȍȕȕȍȔ șȊȍȘȕțȓ ȍȑ ȠȍȦ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȓ ȔȍȘȚȊțȦ ȗȚȐȞț Ȑ
ȗȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȏȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȑ Ƕȕ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ Ȑ ȚȖȔț
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ ǬȍȕȕȍȔȈ șȚȘȈȝ șȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ș ȉȍȏț-
ȔȐȍȔ


287
ǯȈȚȍȔ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȗȓȍșȒ ȊȖȓȕ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȈȊȠȐȝ
ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋ ȠȚȖȘȔ — ȕȖ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȕȐ ȍȌȐȕȣȑ ȓȐșȚ ȕȍ Ƞȍ-
ȊȍȓȐȓșȧ
— ǿțȕȋ ǿȐȕȋ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǬȍȕȕȍȔ — Ƕȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȋȖȓȖȌȍȕ
ǺȈȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȎȖȘȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ǮȈȓȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ
ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȚȤșȧ ȖȗȈșȕȖ ǰȌȐȚȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ǻȐȓȓȖț-
ȉȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȑȚȍ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȗȐșȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȚȍ ȇ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȍȘȕțșȤ
Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ Ȗ ȕȍȔ
ǬȍȕȕȍȔ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ȋ ȖȝȈȗȒț ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȗȚȐȞ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȏȈ-
ȘȖșȠȐȑ ȓȐȈȕȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌ ǷȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȏȊțȒ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȝȓȖȗȕțȚȖȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȞȣ Ȑ ȉȍȠȍȕȣȑ ȗȓȍșȒ ȊȖȌȣ ǻȐȓ-
ȓȖțȉȐ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȖȔ șȖȉȘȈȓ ȖȚȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȖȎȐȓ Ȑȝ ȗȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒț Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ǹȚȘȈȝ țȎȈș ȎȈȌȕȖȍ
ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ ȉȖȘȖȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ șȓțȋț ȝȖȚȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ
ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȚȤ ș ȒȍȔ-ȚȖ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑșȗțȋ Ƕȕ ȍȘȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȍȠȒȍ
ȒȘȍșȓȈ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȍȋȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓȐ ȌȣȉȖȔ ȗȖ ȒȖȎȍ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȣ ȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȔțȘȈȠȒȐ ȕȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȧȝ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȚ
Ǽʮ ˒ˑˎ˖˚ˋˎ ˇˑˍ˃ˊ˃˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅ˑ ˕ˑˆˑǡ ˚˕ˑ ˑˍˈ˃ː˔ˍˋˈ ˆˎ˖˄ˋː˞
— ˠ˕ˑ ˒˖˔˕˞ːˢ ˘ˑˎˑˇː˞˘ ˅ˑˇǡ ˆˇˈ ːˈ ˑ˄ˋ˕˃ˡ˕ ːˋˍ˃ˍˋˈ ˉˋ˅˞ˈ
ˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊˏ˞Ǥ ʜˈˇ˅ˋˉːˑˈǡ ˄ˈˊˊ˅˖˚ːˑˈǡ ˕ˈˏːˑˈ ːˋ˚˕ˑǤ ʙˑ˓˃˄ˎ˟ǡ
ˑ˒˖˔ˍ˃ˡ˜ˋˌ˔ˢ ˅ ˠ˕ˋ ˆˎ˖˄ˋː˞ǡ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˔˕˃ːˈ˕ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˑ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˄˖-
ˇˈ˕ ˓˃ˊˇ˃˅ˎˈːǡ ˑ˄˓˃˕ˋ˕˔ˢ ˅ ˏˑˎˈˍ˖ˎ˞ ː˃ ˑˍˈ˃ː˔ˍˑˏ ˇːˈǤ ʛˑˎ-
˚˃ːˋˈ ˑˍˈ˃ː˃ ˇˑˎˉːˑ ˖ˉ˃˔˃˕˟Ǥ ʜˑ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˈ ˅˔ˈˆˑ ˏˈːˢ ˓˃ˇ˖ˈ˕
ˇˑˍ˃ˊ˃˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅ˑ ˏˑˈˌ ˕ˈˑ˓ˋˋǢ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˋˈ ˊˏˈˋǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˋ˘ ˑ˄˞˚ːˑ
ː˃ˊ˞˅˃ˡ˕ǡ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅˖ˡ˕Ǥ ʐˎ˃ˆˑˇ˃˓ˢ ˚ˈ˛˖ˌ˚˃˕ˑˌ ˄˓ˑːˈ ˋ ˇˑˎˆˑ-
ˎˈ˕ˋˡ ːˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˋ˘ ːˋ˘ ˇˑˉˋˎˋ ˇˑ ː˃˛ˋ˘ ˇːˈˌǤ ʝˊˈ˓ˑ ˅ ˒ˈ-
˜ˈ˓ˈ — ˋˇˈ˃ˎ˟ːˑˈ ˖˄ˈˉˋ˜ˈ ˇˎˢ ˒ˑˇˑ˄ːˑˆˑ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ ˇ˓˃ˍˑ-
ː˃Ǥ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋ˕ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˔ˎ˞˛˃ˎ ˅ ʙ˃ˎˋ˗ˑ˓ːˋˋ ˓˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊ˞ ˑ
˒ˈ˜ˈ˓ˈǡ ˆˇˈ ˒ˑ˔ˈˎˋˎ˔ˢ ˒˓ˋˊ˓˃ˍǤ ʙ˃ˍ ˋ ˢǡ ˑː ˔˚˃˔˕ˎˋ˅ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˏ˞
ˑ˄ː˃˓˖ˉˋˎˋ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˑ ˋ ˚˕ˑ ː˃˘ˑˇˍ˃ ˠ˕˃ ˅ˑˊː˃ˆ˓˃ˇˋˎ˃ ˏˈːˢ
ˊ˃ ˆˑˇ˞ ˋ˔˔ˎˈˇˑ˅˃ːˋˌǤǤǤǽ
Ǽʡ˓ˋ ˏˈ˔ˢ˙˃ ˢ ːˈ ˑ˄˓˃˜˃ˎ˔ˢ ˍ ˊ˃˒ˋ˔ˢˏǤ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ ˅ ˑ˕˚˃ˢ-
ːˋˋǤ ʐˈˎˑˈ ˒ˢ˕ːˑ ː˃ ˈˆˑ ˕ˈˎˈǡ ˑ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˏ ˑː ˏːˈ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋˎǡ ˆˑˇ
ː˃ˊ˃ˇ ː˃˚˃ˎˑ ˓˃ˊ˓˃˔˕˃˕˟˔ˢǤ ʓ˃ǡ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ ːˑ˔ˋ˕ ː˃ ˔ˈ˄ˈ ˊː˃ˍ


288
˒˓ˑˍ˃ˊ˞Ǥ ʝː ˑ˄˓ˈ˚ˈːǡ ˒˓ˋˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˈː ˍ ˏˈˇˎˈːːˑˌ ˋ ˏ˖˚ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˌ
˔ˏˈ˓˕ˋǤ ʬ˕ˑ ˕˓˃ˆˈˇˋˢ ˇˎˢ ː˃˔ ˑ˄ˑˋ˘Ǥ ʝː ˋ˔˒˞˕˞˅˃ˈ˕ ˆˑ˓ˈ˚˟ ˒˓ˋ
ˏ˞˔ˎˋǡ ˚˕ˑ ˕ˈ˒ˈ˓˟ǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˏ˞ ː˃˛ˎˋ ˕ˑǡ ˚˕ˑ ˋ˔ˍ˃ˎˋǡ ˖ ːˈˆˑ ˑ˔-
˕˃ˎˑ˔˟ ˕˃ˍ ˏ˃ˎˑ ˅˓ˈˏˈːˋ ˋ ˑː ːˈ ˔ˏˑˉˈ˕ ˒ˑ˔˅ˢ˕ˋ˕˟ ˔ˈ˄ˢ ˋˊ˖-
˚ˈːˋˡ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ ˊˏˈˢǤ ʞ˓ˑ˛ˎ˞ˏ ˅ˈ˚ˈ˓ˑˏ ˏ˞ ˄ˈ˔ˈˇˑ˅˃ˎˋ ˑ˄
ˑˆ˓˃ːˋ˚ˈːːˑ˔˕ˋ ˔˓ˑˍˑ˅ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˌ ˉˋˊːˋǤ ʙ˃ˍ ˉ˃ˎ˟ǡ ˚˕ˑ
ː˃ˏ ːˈ ˇ˃ːˑ ˇˑ˔˕˃˕ˑ˚ːˑ ˎˈ˕ ˋ ˇ˃ˉˈ ˔˕ˑˎˈ˕ˋˌ ˇˎˢ ˋ˔˔ˎˈˇˑ-
˅˃ːˋˌǨ ʜˈ˅ˑˎ˟ːˑ ˒ˑˊ˃˅ˋˇ˖ˈ˛˟ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˏ˖ ˊˏˈˡǣ ˑːǡ ːˈ˔ˑˏːˈː-
ːˑǡ ˔˕˃˓˛ˈ ˍˋ˕ˑ˅ ˋ ˍ˃ˎˋ˗ˑ˓ːˋˌ˔ˍˋ˘ ˔ˈˍ˅ˑˌǡ ˑː ˒ˑˢ˅ˋˎ˔ˢ ː˃
˔˅ˈ˕ ˊ˃ˇˑˎˆˑ ˇˑ ˘˓ˋ˔˕ˋ˃ː˔ˍˑˌ ˠ˓˞Ǥ ʠ˖ˇˢ ˒ˑ ˈˆˑ ˇˎˋːˈ ˋ ˓˃ˊˏˈ-
˓˖ ˄˓ˑːˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːː˞˘ ˒ˎ˃˔˕ˋːǡ ː˃˛ ˇ˓˃ˍˑː ˒˓ˑˉˋˎ ːˈˏ˃ˎˑ ˅ˈ-
ˍˑ˅Ǥ ʮ ˔ˍ˃ˊ˃ˎ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ˖ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˘ˑ˕ˈˎ ˄˞ ˑˍ˃ˊ˃˕˟˔ˢ ˅ ˈˆˑ ˕ˈˎˈ ˋ
ːˈ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˉˋ˕˟ ːˈˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈːːˑ ˇˑˎˆˑǡ ːˑ ˋ ˋ˔˔ˎˈˇˑ˅˃˕˟ ˆˎ˖-
˄ˋː˞ ˑˍˈ˃ː˃ǡ ˖ˊː˃˕˟ ˅˔ˈ ˑ ˒ˑ˅˃ˇˍ˃˘ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˋ˘ ˊˏˈˈ˅ ˋǡ ˅ˑˊˏˑˉ-
ːˑǡ ː˃ˌ˕ˋ ˇ˓˖ˆˋ˘ ˒ˑˇˑ˄ː˞˘ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅Ǥ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ˃ǡ ˒ˑ˘ˑˉˈǡ ˠ˕ˑ
ːˈ ˒ˑˊ˃˄˃˅ˋˎˑǡ ˃ ˒ˑ˕˓ˢ˔ˎˑǤǤǤǽ
Ǽʓ˅˃ ˏˈ˔ˢ˙˃ ˔˒˖˔˕ˢǤ ʬ˕ˋˏ ˖˕˓ˑˏ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ ˒ˑ˒˓ˑ˔ˋˎ ˏˈ-
ːˢ ˒˓ˑ˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ˉ˖˕ˍˋˌ ˠˍ˔˒ˈ˓ˋˏˈː˕Ǥ ʔˆˑ ˒ˎˑ˕˟ǡ ˔ˍ˃ˊ˃ˎ ˑːǡ ˓˃ˊˎ˃-
ˆ˃ˈ˕˔ˢǤ ʞ˃ˎ˟˙˞ ˖ˉˈ ː˃˚˃ˎˋ ˑ˕ˏˋ˓˃˕˟Ǥ ʝː ˅ˈ˓ˋ˕ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˢ ˏˑˆ˖ ˒ˑ-
ˇ˃˓ˋ˕˟ ˈˏ˖ ˚˖ˇˈ˔ːˑˈ ˕ˈˎˑ ˋ ˔ˋˎ˖ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ ˊˏˈˢǤ ʬ˕˖ ˋˇˈˡǡ ˄ˈˊ
˔ˑˏːˈːˋˢǡ ˅ː˖˛ˋˎˋ ˈˏ˖ ˏˑˋ ˘ˋ˓˖˓ˆˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˈ ˠˍ˔˒ˈ˓ˋˏˈː˕˞ ː˃
ˍ˃˗ˈˇ˓ˈǡ ˅ ˘ˑˇˈ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞˘ ˢ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˔˃ˉˋ˅˃ˎ ˏˑˊˆ ˆ˓˞ˊ˖ːˑ˅Ǥ ʜˑ ˢ
ːˈ ˏˑˆ˖ ˠ˕ˑˆˑ ˔ˇˈˎ˃˕˟Ǥ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍǡ ˏˑˌ ˔ˑ˄˓˃˕ǡ ˑ˓ˆ˃-
ːˋˊˏ ː˃ˏːˑˆˑ ˄ˑˎˈˈ ˅˞˔˛ˈˆˑ ˒ˑ˓ˢˇˍ˃ǽǤ
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȘȊȈȕțȓ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȘțȉȈȠȒț — Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ
ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȡțȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȎȍ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌț ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȐ
țȗȈȓȈ ȚȍȕȤ șȓțȋȐ ǹȓțȋȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȏȈȓȈȔȣȊȈȧ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȍ Șț-
ȒȐ ǷȘȖȟȐȚȈȕȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈ țȗȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ
șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ
Ǽʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ ˒˓ˋˇ˖ˏ˃ˎ ˔˒ˑ˔ˑ˄ ˒˓ˑ˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ˑ˒ˈ˓˃˙ˋˡǤ ʝː ˖˅ˈ-
˓ˈːǡ ˚˕ˑ ː˃˔ ˉˇˈ˕ ˖˔˒ˈ˘Ǥ ʓ˅ˋˉˈːˋˢ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ ˊˏˈˢ ˄˖ˇˈ˕ ˔ˍˑ-
˅˞˅˃˕˟ ˔˕˃ˎ˟ː˃ˢ ˔ˈ˕˟Ǥ ʔˆˑ ˆˑˎˑ˅˖ ˏ˞ ːˈ˒ˑˇ˅ˋˉːˑ ˊ˃ˍ˓ˈ˒ˋˏ ˔
˒ˑˏˑ˜˟ˡ ˑ˛ˈˌːˋˍ˃Ǥ ʖ˃˕ˈˏ ː˃˓ˍˑˊ — ˠ˗ˋ˓ ˋˊ ˓˃˔˒˞ˎˋ˕ˈˎˢǤ
ʝ˒ˈ˓˃˙ˋˑːː˞ˌ ˔˕ˑˎǡ ˋː˔˕˓˖ˏˈː˕˞ǡ ˏˈˇˋˍ˃ˏˈː˕˞ — ˅˔ˈ ˒ˑˇ-


289
ˆˑ˕ˑ˅ˎˈːˑǤ ʜˑ ˢ ˄ˑˡ˔˟Ǥ ʮ ːˈ ˓ˈ˛ˋˎ˔ˢ ˄˞ ː˃ ˑ˒ˈ˓˃˙ˋˡǡ ːˑ ˒˃ˎ˟-
˙˞ ː˃ ˓˖ˍ˃˘ ˋ ːˑˆ˃˘ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ˃ ˖ˉˈ ˆːˋˡ˕Ǥ ʝː ˒ˑ ˙ˈˎ˞ˏ ˇːˢˏ
˖ˏˑˎˢˈ˕ ˏˈːˢǡ ˃ ˒ˑ ːˑ˚˃ˏ ˔˕ˑːˈ˕Ǥ ʖ˃˅˕˓˃ ˢ ˑ˔˕˃ː˖˔˟ ˑˇˋːǡ ˊ˃
ˋ˔ˍˎˡ˚ˈːˋˈˏ ˔ˎ˖ˆˋ ʑˋ ʑˑ ˋ ˎˑˇˑ˚ːˋˍ˃ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˏ˖ ˏ˞ ˒ˎ˃˕ˋˏǡ
˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˑː ˓ˈˆ˖ˎˢ˓ːˑ ˊ˃ˆˎˢˇ˞˅˃ˎ ˍ ː˃ˏǽǤ
ǩțȔȈȋȈ ȏȈȠțȘȠȈȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȕȍȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȎȈȓ
ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȓȐșȚ Ƕȕ șȚȈȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ șȓȣȠȈ șȊȖȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ
ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ
Ǽʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ ˒˓ˑ˔ː˖ˎ˔ˢ ˅ ˉ˖˕ˍˑˏ ˔˕˓˃˘ˈǡ ˘ˑ˕˟ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˋ ˖˅ˈ-
˓ˢˎ ˏˈːˢǡ ˚˕ˑ ˏˋ˓ːˑ ˊ˃˔ː˖ˎ ˒ˑˇ ː˃˓ˍˑˊˑˏǡ ˓˃ˇ˖ˢ˔˟ ˄˖ˇ˖˜ˈˏ˖
˅ˑ˔ˍ˓ˈ˔ˈːˋˡǡ ˅ ˚ˈˏ ˑːǡ ˅ ˑ˕ˎˋ˚ˋˈ ˑ˕ ˏˈːˢǡ ːˈ ˔ˑˏːˈ˅˃ˎ˔ˢǤ ʝː
ːˈ ˚˖˅˔˕˅ˑ˅˃ˎ ˄ˑˎˋ — ˄˞ˎ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˋ˔˒˖ˆ ˋ ˑ˜˖˜ˈːˋˈ ˕ˢˉˈˎˑ-
ˆˑ ˆ˓˖ˊ˃ǡ ˒˓ˋˉˋˏ˃˅˛ˈˆˑ ˈˆˑ ˍ ˊˈˏˎˈǤ ʐˈˊ ˔ˑˏːˈːˋˢǡ ˕ˈˎˑ ˊˏˈˢ
˒ˑˍ˃ ːˈ ˒ˑˇ˚ˋːˢˈ˕˔ˢ ːˈ˓˅˃ˏ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ˃ — ˕ˈˎˈˆ˓˃˗ːˑˌ ˔ˋ-
˔˕ˈˏˈ ˈˆˑ ˏˑˊˆ˃Ǥ ʠ˕˓˃˘ ˢ ˒˓ˋ˒ˋ˔˞˅˃ˡ ˕ˑˌ ˉˈ ˒˓ˋ˚ˋːˈǤ ʠˑ ˅˓ˈ-
ˏˈːˈˏ ˠ˕ˑ ˒˓ˑˌˇˈ˕Ǥ ʠˈˆˑˇːˢ ˑː ˅˒ˈ˓˅˞ˈ ˔ˇˈˎ˃ˎ ˒ˑ˒˞˕ˍ˖ ˊ˃ˆˑ-
˅ˑ˓ˋ˕˟ ˔ˑ ˏːˑˌǤ ʝː ˄ˈˊ˖˔ˎˑ˅ːˑ ˔˒ˑ˔ˑ˄ˈː ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋ˕˟ǡ ːˑ ˢ ˔ ˕˓˖-
ˇˑˏ ˒ˑːˋˏ˃ˡ ˔ˎˑ˅˃ǡ ˒˓ˑˋˊːˈ˔ˈːː˞ˈ ˆ˓ˑˏˑ˅˞ˏ ˆˑˎˑ˔ˑˏ ˊˏˈˢǤ ʮ
˒˓ˑ˅ˈˎ ˔ ːˋˏ ˏːˑˆˑ ˚˃˔ˑ˅Ǣ ʑˋ ʑˑ ˒˓ˋːˑ˔ˋˎ ˏːˈ ˈˇ˖Ǥ ʮ ˊ˃ˇ˃-
˅˃ˎ ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔˞ǡ ː˃ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˑː ˏˑˆ ˑ˕˅ˈ˚˃˕˟ ˍˋ˅ˍˑˏ ˋˎˋ ˒ˑˏ˃˕˞-
˅˃ːˋˈˏ ˔˅ˑˈˌ ˑˆ˓ˑˏːˑˌǡ ˖˅ˈː˚˃ːːˑˌ ˆ˓ˈ˄ːˈˏ ˆˑˎˑ˅˞Ǥ ʙ˃ˍ ˉ˃ˎ˟ǡ
˚˕ˑ ˆˎ˖˒˙˞ǡ ˔ˏˈˢ˅˛ˋˈ˔ˢ ː˃ˇˑ ˏːˑˌǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˢ ː˃˔˕˃ˋ˅˃ˎ ː˃ ˔˖-
˜ˈ˔˕˅ˑ˅˃ːˋˋ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˋ˘ ˊˏˈˈ˅ǡ ːˈ ˏˑˆ˖˕ ˖˅ˋˇˈ˕˟ ˏˑˌ ˕˓ˋ˖ˏ˗Ǩ
ʡˈˎˑ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ˃ ˑ˄ˎ˃ˇ˃ˈ˕ ˋˊ˖ˏˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˌ ˅ˋ˕˃ˎ˟ːˑ˔˕˟ˡǤ
ʝː ˄˞˔˕˓ˑ ˑ˕ˑ˛ˈˎ ˑ˕ ˅ˑˊˇˈˌ˔˕˅ˋˢ ˠ˗ˋ˓˃Ǥ ʞˑ˓˃ˉˈːː˞ˈ ˒˓ˑ-
ˍ˃ˊˑˌ ˑ˔˕˃ːˍˋ ˏˑˈˆˑ ˄ˈˇːˑˆˑ ˇ˓˖ˆ˃ ˒ˑˍˑˢ˕˔ˢ ˅ ˘ˑˎ˜ˑ˅ˑˏ ˏˈ˛-
ˍˈ ː˃ ˇːˈ ˑˍˈ˃ː˃Ǥ ʕˈˎˈˊː˞ˌ ˄˓˖˔ ˖ˇˈ˓ˉˋ˅˃ˈ˕ ˋ˘ ː˃ ˇːˈǤ ʡˈ˒ˈ˓˟
ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ ːˈ˖ˢˊ˅ˋˏ ˋ ˅ˈˎˋˍˑˎˈ˒ˈːǤ ʜˋ˚˕ˑ ːˈ ˔ˏˑˉˈ˕ ˒ˑ˅˓ˈ-
ˇˋ˕˟ ˈˆˑ ˚˖ˇˈ˔ː˖ˡ ˍˑˎ˟˚˖ˆ˖ǡ ˍ˓ˑˏˈ ˑ˓˖ˉˋˢ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍ˃ǡ ˠ˕ˑˆˑ
˓˃ˊ˓˖˛ˋ˕ˈˎˢǨǽ
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ǻȎȈș
șȒȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȖȚȤ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȓ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȖȠ-
ȔȈȘ ǷȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ǬȍȕȕȍȔȈ ȉȘȖșȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȌȘȖȎȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȟȈȘȖȊȣȊȈȓȖ


290
Ǽʝː ˑ˕ˍ˃ˊ˞˅˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˑ˕ ˏˢ˔˃Ǥ ʛˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ ˊˏˈˢǡ ˅ ˚˟ˈˏ ˕ˈˎˈ ˑː
˔ˈˌ˚˃˔ ː˃˘ˑˇˋ˕˔ˢǡ ˏ˞ ˓ˈˆ˖ˎˢ˓ːˑ ˍˑ˓ˏˋˎˋ ˔˞˓˞ˏ ˏˢ˔ˑˏǡ ːˑ ˒ˑ-
˔ˎˈ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˔˃ˇˍˋ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ ˏˢ˔˃ ːˈ ˈ˔˕Ǥ ʜˈ˔ˑˏːˈːːˑǡ ˅˞˔˛ˈˈ ˔ˑˊ-
ː˃ːˋˈ ˠ˔˕ˈ˕˃ ˒ˑˇ˚ˋːˋˎˑ ˔ˈ˄ˈ ˕ˈˎˑ ˊ˅ˈ˓ˢǤ ʠˈˆˑˇːˢ ˢ ˒˓ˋˆˑ˕ˑ-
˅ˋˎ ˈ˜ˈ ˑˇˋː ˕˖˄˖˔ ˔ ˊ˃˒ˋ˔ˢˏˋ ˇˎˢ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˍˋ ˅ ʗˏ˒ˈ˓˃˕ˑ˓-
˔ˍˋˌ ˖ːˋ˅ˈ˓˔ˋ˕ˈ˕ ʞˈˍˋː˃Ǥ ʙˋ˕˃ˌ˔ˍˋˈ ˖˚ˈː˞ˈ ˋˊ˖˚˃˕ ˋ ˑ˙ˈːˢ˕
˓ˈˇ˚˃ˌ˛ˋˈ ˇ˃ːː˞ˈǡ ˑ˕ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞˘ ˑ˕˅ˈ˓ː˖ˎˋ˔˟ ˏˑˋ ˔ˑˑ˕ˈ˚ˈ˔˕-
˅ˈːːˋˍˋǤ ʓ˃ǡ ˏ˞ ˔ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆˑˏ ˇˑˍ˃ˊ˃ˎˋ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˑ˅˃ːˋˈ ˏˑ˓-
˔ˍˋ˘ ˊˏˈˈ˅ǡ ˏ˞ ˒ˑˍ˃ˊ˃ˎˋǡ ˚˕ˑ ˒˖˕ˈˏ ˏ˖˚ˈːˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˌ ˉˈ˓˕˅˞ ː˃˖-
ˍ˃ ˔˒ˑ˔ˑ˄ː˃ ˒˓ˑːˋˍː˖˕˟ ˅ ˕˃ˌː˞ ˒ˑˇ˅ˑˇː˞˘ ˆˎ˖˄ˋːǽǤ
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȊȣȚȍȘ ȊșȗȖȚȍȊȠȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǪȐ ǪȖ șȚȖȧȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș
ȗȖȌȕȖșȖȔ Ƕȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ș ȗȖȌȕȖșȈ ȉțȚȣȓȒț ȕȈȓȐȓ șȍȉȍ șȚȈȒȈȕȟȐȒ
ȉȘȍȕȌȐ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ șȚȘȈȕȐȞț
Ǽʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ ˄ˑˋ˕˔ˢ ˕ˈˏːˑ˕˞Ǥ ʔˆˑ ˔˕˓˃˘ ˕ˑ˓ˏˑˊˋ˕ ː˃˛ˋ ˋ˔-
˔ˎˈˇˑ˅˃ːˋˢǤ ʙ ˕ˑˏ˖ ˉˈ ˏːˑˆˑˈǡ ˚ˈˏ ˑː ˏˑˉˈ˕ ˒ˑˇˈˎˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˢ ːˈ
˒ˑːˋˏ˃ˡǤ ʮ ˒ˎˑ˘ˑ ˓˃ˊ˄ˋ˓˃ˡ ˈˆˑ ˔ˎˑ˅˃Ǥ ʗːˑˆˇ˃ ˑː ˒ˈ˓ˈ˘ˑˇˋ˕
ː˃ ˍ˃ː˕ˑː˔ˍˋˌ ˇˋ˃ˎˈˍ˕ǡ ˔ˋˎˢ˔˟ ˏːˈ ˚˕ˑ-˕ˑ ˑ˄˝ˢ˔ːˋ˕˟Ǥ ʠ˃ˏ˞ˈ
ˏˈˎ˟˚˃ˌ˛ˋˈ ˇˈ˕˃ˎˋ ˄˞ˎˋ ˄˞ ˇ˓˃ˆˑ˙ˈːː˞ǡ ːˑ ˅ˑˊˏˑˉːˑǡ ˏˑˋ
ː˃ˇˈˉˇ˞ ˔ˎˋ˛ˍˑˏ ˅ˈˎˋˍˋǤ ʮ ːˈ ˅ ˔ˋˎ˃˘ ˒ˑːˢ˕˟ ˈˆˑ ˔˕˓˃˘ ˋ ˇˑ-
˅ˑˎ˟ːˑ ˒˃˕ˈ˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍ˖ˡ ˕ˑ˔ˍ˖ǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˑː ː˃˚ˋː˃ˈ˕ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋ˕˟ ˑ ˕ˑˏǡ
˚˕ˑ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˏˑˈˌ ˔ˏˈ˓˕ˋ ˑ˔˕˃ːˈ˕˔ˢ ˅ ˑˇˋːˑ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˈǤ ʢ˕ˈ˛˃ˈ˕ ˑˇ-
ːˑǣ ˑː ˘ˑ˓ˑ˛ˑ ˈ˔˕Ǥ ʝː ˒˓ˈˇ˒ˑ˚ˋ˕˃ˈ˕ ːˈˇˑ˅˃˓ˈːː˖ˡ ˍ˖˓ˢ˕ˋː˖
ˋ ˔˅ˋːˋː˖Ǥ ʛːˈ ˒˓ˋˇˈ˕˔ˢ ˇˈ˓ˉ˃˕˟ ˔ˑˎˋˇː˞ˌ ˊ˃˒˃˔ǡ ˕˃ˍ ˍ˃ˍ ˈˆˑ
˃˒˒ˈ˕ˋ˕ ˓˃˔˕ˈ˕ǤǤǤǽ
Ǽʞ˓ˑ˛ˎˑ ˛ˈ˔˕˟ ˏˈ˔ˢ˙ˈ˅ ˔ˑ ˇːˢ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈˇːˈˌ ˊ˃˒ˋ˔ˋǤ ʦ˖ːˆ
ʦˋːˆ ˇˑ˔˕˃˅ˋˎ ˏːˈ ˄ˈ˔˙ˈːː˞ˈ ˑ˄˓˃ˊ˙˞ ˋ ˔˅ˈˇˈːˋˢ ˑ˄ ˑˍˈ˃ː-
˔ˍˋ˘ ˆˎ˖˄ˋː˃˘Ǥ ʮ ˈˉˈˇːˈ˅ːˑ ˊ˃˒˃ˋ˅˃ˡ ˏˈ˕˃ˎˎˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˈ ˕˖˄˖˔˞
ˇˎˢ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˍˋ ˅ ʞˈˍˋːǤ ʗ ˑˇː˃ˍˑǡ ˢ ˊ˃ˏˈ˕ˋˎ ˅ ːˈˏ ˒ˈ˓ˈˏˈː˖Ǥ
ʠ˒ˈ˓˅˃ ˑː ˄ˑˢˎ˔ˢ ˆˎ˖˄ˋːǡ ːˑ ˔ˈˌ˚˃˔ ˒ˑˆ˓˖ˉ˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˅ ˑˍˈ˃ː ˄ˈˊ
˅˔ˢˍˑˆˑ ˔˕˓˃˘˃ ˋ ˒˓ˑ˅ˑˇˋ˕ ˅˔ˈ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˈ ˅˓ˈˏˈːˋ ˒ˑˇ ˅ˑˇˑˌǤ ʡˋ-
˛ˋː˃ ˅ːˋˊ˖ ˇˑˎˉː˃ ˄˞˕˟ ˖ˉ˃˔˃ˡ˜ˈˌǡ ːˑ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ˖ ː˓˃˅ˋ˕-
˔ˢ ˒˓ˑ˅ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˋ˔˔ˎˈˇˑ˅˃ːˋˢǤ ʝː ˔˖ˏˈˎ ˖˕ˑ˚ːˋ˕˟ ˒ˑˇ˅ˑˇː˞ˈ
ˑ˚ˈ˓˕˃ːˋˢ ˍˑː˕ˋːˈː˕ˑ˅ ˋ ˒ˑ˄˞˅˃ˎ ˅ ˎˈˇˢː˞˘ ˒ˑˎˢ˓ː˞˘ ˏˑ-
˓ˢ˘ǤǤǤǽ


291
Ǽʡ˓ˋ ˏˈ˔ˢ˙˃ ˔˒˖˔˕ˢǤ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ ˅ːˑ˅˟ ˋˊˏˈːˋˎ˔ˢǤ ʝː ˈˇ˅˃
˓˃ˊˏ˞ˍ˃ˈ˕ ˚ˈˎˡ˔˕ˋ ˋ ːˈ˘ˑ˕ˢ ˖ˇˑ˔˕˃ˋ˅˃ˈ˕ ˏˈːˢ ˍ˃ˍˋˏˋ-˕ˑ ˏˈ-
ˎˑ˚˃ˏˋǤ ʑ˔ˈ ˋˇˈ˕ ːˈ ˔ˎˋ˛ˍˑˏ ˘ˑ˓ˑ˛ˑǤ ʖ˃ˏˈ˕ː˃ ˒ˈ˓ˈˏˈː˃ ˅ ˈˆˑ
˘˃˓˃ˍ˕ˈ˓ˈǡ ˋ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋ˕ ˑː ːˈ˅ːˢ˕ːˑǤ ʞ˓ˈˉˇˈ ˑː ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋˎ ˚ˈ˕ˍˑǡ
˘ˑ˕ˢ ˈˆˑ ˆˑˎˑ˔ ː˃˒ˑˏˋː˃ˎ ˊ˅˖ˍˋ ˙ˈ˓ˍˑ˅ːˑˆˑ ˑ˓ˆ˃ː˃Ǥ ʡˈ˒ˈ˓˟ ˑː
˅˒˃ˇ˃ˈ˕ ˅ ːˈˋ˔˕ˑ˅˖ˡ ˢ˓ˑ˔˕˟ǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˢ ˑ˕ˍ˃ˊ˞˅˃ˡ˔˟ ˈˆˑ ˍˑ˓ˏˋ˕˟
ˇˑ ˒ˑˎ˖˚ˈːˋˢ ˑ˕˚ˈ˕˃ ˑ ˈˆˑ ˔˕˓˃ː˔˕˅ˋˢ˘Ǥ ʞˑˎ˃ˆ˃ˡǡ ˄˞ˎˑ ˑ˛ˋ˄-
ˍˑˌ ˍˑ˓ˏˋ˕˟ ˈˆˑ ˔˞˓˞ˏ ˏˢ˔ˑˏǤ ʐ˞ˎˑ ˄˞ ˎ˖˚˛ˈǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˄˞ ˑː ˒ˋ-
˕˃ˎ˔ˢ ˋ˔ˍˎˡ˚ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˕ˈˏǡ ˚˕ˑ ˏˑˉːˑ ː˃ˌ˕ˋ ˅ ˏˑ˓ˈǤ ʮ ːˈ˅ˑˎ˟ːˑ
ˊ˃ˇ˖ˏ˞˅˃ˡ˔˟ǡ ːˈ ˄ˈ˓ˈ˕ ˎˋ ː˃ˇ ːˋˏ ˅ˈ˓˘ ˕ˈˎˑ ˊ˅ˈ˓ˢǫ ʐ˞˕˟ ˏˑ-
ˉˈ˕ǡ ˔ˍ˃ˊ˃ˎˋ˔˟ ˅˔˕˓ˈ˚ˋ ˔ ˒ˑˇˑ˄ː˞ˏˋ ˈˏ˖ ˚˖ˇˑ˅ˋ˜˃ˏˋǫ ʢ ːˈˆˑ
ːˈ˕ ːˋ ˒˓ˋ˅˞˚ˍˋ ˑ˄˜ˈːˋˢ ˔ ːˋˏˋǡ ːˋ ˊ˃˜ˋ˕˞ ˑ˕ ːˋ˘ǤǤǤ ʤˑ˕ˈˎ
˄˞ ˢ ˒ˑ˔ˏˑ˕˓ˈ˕˟ ː˃ ˄ˋ˕˅˖ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˋ˘ ˇ˓˃ˍˑːˑ˅Ǩ ʠˑˉ˃ˎˈˡǡ ˚˕ˑ ːˈ
ˏːˈ ˅˞˒˃ˎˑ ˒˓ˈ˅˓˃˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˋˊ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍ˃ ˅ ˢ˜ˈ˓˃Ǥ ʮ ˇ˃˅ːˑ ˅˞-
˛ˈˎ ˋˊ ˔˓ˈˇːˈˆˑ ˅ˑˊ˓˃˔˕˃ ˋ ˑ˔˕˃˅ˋˎ ˊ˃ ˔˒ˋːˑˌ ˔˕˓˃˔˕ˋǡ ˕ˈ˓-
ˊ˃ˡ˜ˋˈ ˎˡˇˈˌ ˒ˑˏˑˎˑˉˈǤ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˌ ˅ ˔˅ˑˈˏ ˚ˈˎˑ-
˅ˈ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˏ ˑ˄ˎˋˍˈ ˇ˃ˎ ˑ˄ˈ˕ ˄ˈˊ˄˓˃˚ˋˢ ˋ ˒ˑ˔˅ˢ˕ˋˎ ˅˔ˡ ˉˋˊː˟
ː˃˖ˍˈǡ ː˖ˉˇ˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˅ ˒ˑˇ˓˖ˆˈǤ ʝː ˔ˑ˅ˈ˓˛ˈːːˑ ˑ˕˚ˈ˕ˎˋ˅ˑ ˒˓ˑ˓ˈ-
˅ˈˎǡ ˚˕ˑ ː˃˛ˈˎ Ǽˇ˖˛ˈ˚ˍ˖ǽǡ ˍ˃ˍ ː˃ˊ˞˅˃ˎˋ ˇˈ˅˖˛ˈˍ ˔˕˖ˇˈː˕˞ ˅
˖ːˋ˅ˈ˓˔ˋ˕ˈ˕ˈǡ ˋ ˒ˑ˕˓ˈ˄ˑ˅˃ˎ ˒ˑ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˈ ˈˇ˞ǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ː˃˄˓˃˕˟˔ˢ
˔ˋˎ ˇˎˢ ˔˘˅˃˕ˑˍ ˔ ˇ˓˖ˆˋˏˋ ˔˃ˏ˙˃ˏˋǤ ʠ ˅ˈˎˋˍˋˏ ˔ˑˉ˃ˎˈːˋˈˏ ˢ
ˇˑˎˉˈː ˒˓ˋˊː˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˚˕ˑ ˍˑːˈ˙ ˖ˉˈ ˄ˎˋˊˑˍǤ ʝː ˔˕˃ˎ ˓˃˅ːˑˇ˖-
˛ˈː ˍ ː˃˛ˋˏ ˋ˔˔ˎˈˇˑ˅˃ːˋˢˏǤ ʠˈˆˑˇːˢ ˢ ːˈ ˖˔ˎ˞˛˃ˎ ːˋ˚ˈˆˑǡ
ˍ˓ˑˏˈ ˓˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊˑ˅ ˑ ˈˆˑ ˒ˑˇ˓˖ˉˍˈǣ ˍ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢǡ ˑː˃ ˊ˃˔˕ˈː˚ˋ˅˃ ˋ ˑ˄-
ˎ˃ˇ˃ˈ˕ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˈˌ ˄˞˔˕˓ˑ˕ˑˌ ˇ˅ˋˉˈːˋˌ ˋ ˅˞ːˑ˔ˎˋ˅ˑ˔˕˟ˡǤ ʝːˋ
˓˃˔˔ˈˍ˃ˡ˕ ˆˎ˖˄ˋː˞ǡ ˍ˓˖ˉ˃˕ ˅ˑˍ˓˖ˆ ˑ˔˕˓ˑ˅ˑ˅ ˋ ˒ˑˇːˋˏ˃ˡ˕ ˗ˑ˔-
˗ˑ˓ˈ˔˙ˋ˓˖ˡ˜ˋˈ ˅ˑˎː˞ǤǤǤ ʏ˘ǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˄˞ ˢ ˏˑˆ ː˃ˌ˕ˋ ˈ˜ˈ ˑˇːˑˆˑ
ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ ˊˏˈˢ ˋ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˔ˈˎˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˋˊ ˠ˕ˑˆˑ ˕˜ˈˇ˖˛ːˑˆˑ ˕ˈˎ˃ ˅
˕ˈˎˑ ˢ˜ˈ˓˃ǡ ˍ˃ˍ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆǨǽ
ǽȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȚ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ ȓȉț ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ Ƕȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȓȐșȚ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȟȐȚȈȓ țȌȐȊȐȊȠȐȑ ȍȋȖ
ȖȚȘȣȊȖȒ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȗȐșȈȓ ǬȍȕȕȍȔ ȒȈȒțȦ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȔȍȕț Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȍ ȐȔȍȓ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ǺȍȓȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐ-
ȓȖ șȍȉȍ ȘȈȏțȔ ǿțȕȋ ǿȐȕȋȈ ǬȐȒȖșȚȤ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ ȊȏȧȓȈ
ȊȍȘȝ Ƕȕ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ǬȍȕȕȍȔȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȓșȧ


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țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ǯȈȗȐșȤ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈșȤ țȎȈșȕȣȔȐ șȚȘȖȒȈȔȐ ȧȘȒȖ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȎȈȊȠȐȔȐ șȚȘȈȝ ǬȍȕȕȍȔȈ
Ǽʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ — ˔˖˜ˋˌ ˇ˟ˢ˅ˑˎǤ ʠˈˆˑˇːˢ ˑː ː˃˄˓ˑ˔ˋˎ˔ˢ ː˃
ˏˈːˢǡ ˓˃ˊˋː˖˅ ˒˃˔˕˟Ǥ ʮ ˖˒˃ˍˑ˅˃ˎ ˅˔ˈ ˊ˃˒ˋ˔ˋ ˇˎˢ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˍˋ ˅
˒ˈˍˋː˔ˍˋˌ ʗˏ˒ˈ˓˃˕ˑ˓˔ˍˋˌ ˖ːˋ˅ˈ˓˔ˋ˕ˈ˕ǡ ˒˓ˋˎˑˉˋ˅ ˍ ːˋˏ ˑ˒˓ˈ-
ˇˈˎˈːː˞ˈ ˋː˔˕˓˖ˍ˙ˋˋǤ ʝ˔˕˃˕ˑˍ ˔ˑ˔˕ˑˢːˋˢ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ˃ — ˅ ˔ˎ˖-
˚˃ˈǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˔ˑ ˏːˑˌ ˚˕ˑ-ˎˋ˄ˑ ˔ˎ˖˚ˋ˕˔ˢ — ˒ˑˌˇˈ˕ ː˃ ˒˓ˑˇˑˎˉˈ-
ːˋˈ ː˃˛ˋ˘ ˋ˔˔ˎˈˇˑ˅˃ːˋˌǤ ʢˋˎˎˑ˖˄ˋ ˒˓ˋˈ˘˃ˎǤ ʑ ˖ːˋ˅ˈ˓˔ˋ˕ˈ˕-
˔ˍˑˌ ˎ˃˄ˑ˓˃˕ˑ˓ˋˋ ˑː ˒˓ˑˢ˅ˎˢˎ ːˈˏ˃ˎ˖ˡ ˔ːˑ˓ˑ˅ˍ˖Ǥ ʜ˖ˉː˃
ˎˋ˛˟ ˋˊ˅ˈ˔˕ː˃ˢ ˒˓˃ˍ˕ˋˍ˃ǡ ˋ ˕ˑˆˇ˃ǡ ˢ ˖˅ˈ˓ˈːǡ ˑː ˔˖ˏˈˈ˕ ˅˞-
˒ˑˎːˋ˕˟ ː˖ˉː˖ˡ ˑ˒ˈ˓˃˙ˋˡǤ ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ ˓˃˔˔ˏˈˢˎ˔ˢǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˢ
˓˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊ˃ˎ ˈˏ˖ ˑ ˔˅ˑˈˏ ˒ˎ˃ːˈǡ ːˑ ˒ˑˑ˄ˈ˜˃ˎ ˊ˃ˏ˃ːˋ˕˟ ˅ ˑˊˈ˓ˑ
ˇ˓˖ˆˑˆˑ ˔˃ˏ˙˃Ǥ ʛ˞ ˔ ʢˋˎˎˑ˖˄ˋ ˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊ˖ˈˏ ˑ˒˖˔ˍ˃ˡ˜ˋˈ˔ˢ
ˉˈˎˈˊː˞ˈ ˓ˈ˛ˈ˕ˍˋ ˋ ˒ˑˌˏ˃ˈˏ ˊˏˈˢǤ ʠ ʢˋˎˎˑ˖˄ˋ ˢ ˈ˜ˈ ˑ˄ ˠ˕ˑˏ
ːˈ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋˎǤ ʜˑ ˢ ˊ˃ˏˈ˕ˋˎǡ ˚˕ˑ ˑː ˅˔ˈ ˕˃ˍ ˉˈ ˍ˓ˈ˒ˑˍ ˋ ˔ˋˎˈːǡ
ˍ˃ˍ ˅ ˔˕˖ˇˈː˚ˈ˔ˍˋˈ ˇːˋǤ ʔˆˑ ː˃ˆ˓˃ˇˑˌ ˄˖ˇˈ˕ ˚˃˔˕˟ ˔ˑ˔˕ˑˢːˋˢ
ʦ˖ːˆ ʦˋːˆ˃ ˋ ˔ˎ˃˅˃ ˑ˕ˍ˓˞ǤǤǤǽ
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ șȔȧȓ ȓȐșȚ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ǭȋȖ ȕȍȘȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȚȧȕțȚȣ
ȌȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȋ ȚȐȠȐ-
ȕȍ DzȘȍșȓȖ țȗȈȓȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȓȍȟȖ ǪȐ
ǪȖ ȕȈ ȏȈȕȈȊȍȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȍȔ ǪȣȠȐȚȣȍ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȣ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ƞȍ-
ȊȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ǵȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ
ȖȉȐȚȈȓ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȌȘȈȒȖȕ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ
ǬȍȕȕȍȔȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȎȘȍȞȈ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȐ ȟȤȐ ȖȉȘȧȌȣ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȋȖ ȊțȌț ȌȎțȕȋȓȍȑ
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȏȈȟȍȔ țȟȍȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊ.
Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȓȖ-
ȊțȠȒȍ ǵțȎȕȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ ǬȍȕȕȍȔȈ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȔț Ȗȉ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȍ Ǭȍȕ-
ȕȍȔ șȍȑȟȈș ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ț ȖȏȍȘȈ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȗȚȐȞ
Ȑ șȓȖȊȈ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ©ǿțȕȋ ǿȐȕȋ șȕȖȊȈ ȋȖȓȖȌȍȕ ǺȈȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȎȖȘ-
ȓȐȊȖșȚȤª ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȗȓȍșȒ ȊȖȌȣ ȉțȠȍȊȈȊȠȍȑ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȠȚȖȘȔ
ǬȍȕȕȍȔ ȉȖȧȓșȧ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȕȖ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȊȕȖȊȤ ǭȔț ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȋȘȖȏȐȚȤ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ǶȉȣȟȕȈȧ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖșȚȤ ȚȘȍ-
ȉȖȊȈȓȈ ȖȚ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȚȤșȧ șȗȈșȚȐ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ


293
ȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȈȕȖȊ ȚȖ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ șȖȌȘȖȋȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȚȖȠȕȖȚȣ ȗȘȐ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
Ƕȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ țȊȐȚțȦ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȊȍȘȈȕȌț Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ
ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȉȍȓțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ǪȐ ǪȖ DzȐȚȈȍȞ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț
ǭȋȖ ȏțȉȣ ȊȣșȚțȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȌȘȖȉȤ ȒȈȒ ȒȈșȚȈȕȤȍȚȣ ǹȚțȒ ȍȋȖ ȏț-
ȉȖȊ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȚȖȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȏȊțȒȍ ȊȖȌȣ ȉȤȦ-
ȡȍȑ Ȗ șȒȈȓȣ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȘȣȊȈȔȐ ȕȍșțȡȍșȚȊțȦȡȍȋȖ ȊȍȚȘȈ
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ șȖȉȘȈȊ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȍ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ țȉȍȎȌȈȧ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖ
ȏȈȗȐșȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȓȐȠȤ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧȔȐ ȉȍȏțȔȞȈ țȋȓțȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖ-
ȝȖȌ ǺȈȗȖȟȒȐ ǪȐ ǪȖ ȕȍȝȖȚȧ ȠȍȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ǶȕȐ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȘȍȠȍȚȟȈȚȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȖȓșȚȣ-
ȔȐ ȗȘțȚȤȧȔȐ ȐȏȕțȚȘȐ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȓșȧ șȊȍȚ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ țȊȐȌȍȓ
șȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȓț ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ǪȕȐȏ ȊȍȓȐ șȚțȗȍȕȐ ǶȚ-
ȚțȌȈ șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ șȚȐȝȈȊȠȐȑ ȠțȔ ȊȖȓȕ Ȑ ȌȖȕȖșȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȟȤȐ-ȚȖ ȕȍȋȘȖȔȒȐȍ șȚȖȕȣ
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȎȍȓȍȏȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋȏȧȓ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ
șȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ǭȋȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȗȖȚȖȒ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȗȘȐȕȍș-
ȠȐȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȣ ǴȈșȓȧȕȐșȚȖ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȈ
ȊȖȌȈ — ȔȖȘȍ ȊȚȍȒȈȓȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȗȍȡȍȘț ȖȉȘȈȏțȧ
ȖȏȍȘȖ ǪȖȌȖȍȔ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȝȖȌțȕȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȖȚ ȔȖȡȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ
ȊȏȘȣȊȈ ǹȒȈȓȣ ȒȐȠȍȊȠȐȍ ȔȍȓȒȐȔȐ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔȐ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ,
ȖȉȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȕȐȏ ǷȖȌ șȊȖȌȖȔ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȝȖȔțȚ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȓ ȊȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȔ Ȋ
șȊȖȌ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȈȔ Ȑ șȚȈȓȤȕțȦ șȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȈȝ — Ȋșȍ
ȥȚȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓ ǬȍȕȕȍȔ ȗȍȘȍșȈȎȐȊȈȧ ȔȖȏȋ ǿțȕȋ ǿȐȕȋȈ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȔț ȌȘȈȒȖȕț ǹȉȖȒț ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȔȈȧ Ȋ șȓȈȉȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ
ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȋȘțȌȈ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ
ǿțȊșȚȊțȧ ȒȈȒ ȠȍȊȍȓȧȚșȧ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȗȘȖ-
Țȧȕțȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȘțȒț ș ȜȖȕȈȘȍȔ Ƕȕ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ
ȏȈ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȉȍȋȈȓȈ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖ țșȚțȗț ǭȍ Ȑș-
ȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȓȍȒȖȚ ȥȝȖȔ ȘȈȏȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ țȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȤȕȖȔ țșȚțȗȍ ȋȘțȌț ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȒțȘ Ȑ ȞȣȗȓȧȚ DzȘȈȍȔ
ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ǪȐ ǪȖ DzȐȚȈȍȞ șȗȐȕȖȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ȖȚșȚțȗȈȓ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȕ Ȓ Ȗȏȍ-
Șț ȘțȒȐ șȓȍȗȖ ȖȡțȗȣȊȈȓȐ șȒȈȓț ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ
ȖȏȍȘț ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȧ ȏȘȍȕȐȍ Ƕȕ ȕȍ șȘȈȏț țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȐșȗțȋȈ-


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ȓȖ ǪȐ ǪȖ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ ȎȍȓȚțȦ ȒȖȎț ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ ȗȖȏȍȓȍȕȍȚȤ ȖȚ
țȎȈșȈ
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȖȏȍȘȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȧ ȟȍȘȕțȦ
ȊȖȌț — ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȍ ȟțȚȤ șȊȍȚȧȡȍȍșȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȊȖȓȕȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȐȏȊȐȊȣ Ȑ ȚȍȕȐ — Ȑ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȎȐȊȣȔ ȊȐȝȘȍȔ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ǪȐ ǪȖ șȊȐ-
șȚȧȡȍ ȊȌȖȝȕțȓ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏțȉȣ ǪȖȌȈ ȔȧȋȒȖ ȖȒȈȚȐȓȈ ȗȖȌȕȖȎȐȍ
șȒȈȓȣ Ȑ șȗțșȚȧ ȔȐȋ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ Ȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ țȎȍ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȔȍȠȈȧ
ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ șȚțȗȍȕȧȔ — ȐȉȖ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȕȈȌ
ȕȐȔȐ ȊȖȏȌȊȐȋȓȈșȤ țȊȍȕȟȈȕȕȈȧ ȋȘȍȉȕȍȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǪȖȌȈ șȚȍȒȈȓȈ
ș ȒȓȣȒȖȊ Ȋ ȐșȗȖȓȐȕșȒȐȝ ȟȍȓȦșȚȧȝ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍ ȗȖȉȓȍ-
șȒȐȊȈȧ ǪȏȔȍȚȕțȓȐșȤ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȏȔȍȐȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ țȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȟȍȠțȑȒȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ ȘȈȌțȎȕȣȍ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍș-
ȒȐȍ ȗȓȈșȚȐȕȣ ǪȖȌȈ ȠȐȗȍȓȈ Ȑ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȐȓȈșȤ Ȗ șȚȍȕȣ
ȗȍȡȍȘȣ DzȘȖȊȤ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗțȓȤșȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȧșȚȤȧȝ
ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ǹȚȘȈȝ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ
ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȖ ǰȏ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȓȖȚȒȐ ȊȣȘȊȈȓ-
șȧ ȘȍȊ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȉȐȘȈȊȠȐȑ șȐȓț ȘȈșȒȈȚȣȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗȖ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ
Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȍȊȍ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȉȍȏȖȠȐȉȖȟȕȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȓ ȐȔȧ
— ǬȍȕȕȍȔ — ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ ȊȖȗȐȓȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ
DzȘȐȒ ǬȍȕȕȍȔȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȓȐȓșȧ ș ȚȘȍȗȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ
ȉȍȓȖȑ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȕȈ țșȚțȗȍ șȒȈȓȣ Ȑ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȖșȖȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șț-
ȔȍȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȘȈȌȐ ȟȍȋȖ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ șȦȌȈ — șȗȈșȚȐ ȗȘȖȜȍș-
șȖȘȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȍ ȊșȒȓȖȒȖȟȍȕȕȖȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȍ șȢȍȎȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȍ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȖȓȖȑ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ
ǬȍȕȕȍȔȖȔ
ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ș ȎțȚȒȐȔ ȝȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ
— ǿțȕȋ ǿȐȕȋ — ȗȖȏȊȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ǻȣ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȌȘȈ-
ȒȖȕȈ" ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ șȌȍȓȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍțȧȏ-
ȊȐȔȣȔ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈȝ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ
ǭȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ țȚȖȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȋȘȖȔȒȖȔ ȘȍȊȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ǰȏ ȋȐ-
ȋȈȕȚșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȓȈ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ șȔȍȝ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȔȍȚȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ Ǭȍȕȕȍ-
Ȕț ǶȏȍȘȖ ȏȈȉțȘȓȐȓȖ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȈȧ ȉȘȖȕȍȑ ȒȖȓȍȞ ȘȈȏ-
ȉȐȓȈșȤ Ȗ șȒȈȓț Ȑ ȖȒȈȚȐȓȈ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ǼȖȕȈȘȤ ȊȣȗȈȓ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ
ȖȕȍȔȍȊȠȐȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ Ƕȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȊȖ ȘȚț ȊȒțș ȔȖȘȧ


ǷȖșȓȍ Ȗȕ ȖȡțȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȘțȒȐ ǪȐ ǪȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȎȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ǶȕȐ
șȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ șȚțȗȍȕȧȝ ȗȘȐȎȈȊȠȐȝ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ǶȏȍȘȖ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ
ȚȍȔȕȣȔ ȗȧȚȕȖȔ ȊȖȓȕȣ țȚȐȝȓȐ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȖȡțȗȤȦ șȗțșȚȐȓ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚțȗȍȕȍȑ ȕȐȎȍ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȕȍȠȕȦȦ ȈȘȒț ȗȍ-
ȡȍȘȣ ǶȚȉȓȍșȒ ȘȈȕȕȍȋȖ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ ȖȒȘȈșȐȓ Ȗȏȍ-
ȘȖ șȍȘȍȉȘȖȔ ǵȈ țșȚțȗȍ șȒȈȓȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǬȍȕȕȍȔ Ȑș-
ȟȍȏǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȖȝȊȈ-
ȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ țȎȈșȖȔ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ ȊȣȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ǺȈȔ Ȗȕ ȏȈȝȓȖȗ-
ȕțȓ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȘ ȎȍȓȍȏȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ ȌȖȔț ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ Țțȉțșȣ ș ȏȈȗȐșȧ-
ȔȐ ȕȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȖȗȐșȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ ș ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȔ Ȗ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍ-
ȕȐȐ ǬȍȕȕȍȔȈ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȈȕȌț
ǰ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȊ țșȓȣȠȈȊ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖș
— ǻ ȊȈș ȍșȚȤ ȓȖȌȒȈ" ȇ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ — ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȋț-
ȉȈȔȐ ȔȖȓȐȓ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔ — ȉȘȖșȐȓ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ Ȑ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ ȗȖ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȍ
ǻ ȐȏȋȖȘȖȌȐ șȚȖȧȓ ȓȖȌȖȟȕȐȒ ǻȐȓȓȖțȉȐ ȕȈȠȈȘȐȓ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈ-
ȕȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȒȐȚȈȑȞț
— ǶȚȊȍȏȐȚȍ ȕȈș ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǰ ȗȖșȒȖ-
Șȍȍ


ȋȞȎȕȚ ǯȎȠȓțȖț
ǺǼǾǿǸǼǷ ǵǺdzǷ ǺǶǿȀdzǾǮ ȁǼǹȆǮ
(1929)


299
ǸȈșȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȟțȚȤ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ dzȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȓȖ
ȌȖșȈȌț
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ șȥȘ — șȓȖȊȕȖ ȐȏȊȐȕȧȧșȤ
șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȊȉȖȒ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔȐ ȊȣȗțȒȓȣȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ« ǰ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȘȖȧșȤ Ȋ ȊȍȡȈȝ
— Ǫȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȗȘȖ ȕȈȠț șȖ-
șȍȌȒț" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ șȒȖȘȍȍ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȤ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ —
ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȓ ǻȖȓȠț șȐȔȗȈ-
ȚȐȦ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ Ȏȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ
ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈ — ȟȍȔ ȏȈ-
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍȔ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȊȍȘȋȓȖ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȈ Ȋ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȍ șȔțȡȍȕȐȍ
— ǷȘȖ ȕȍȍ« — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ ȟțȚȤ
ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȊ
— Ǫȣ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȍȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ"
— Ƕ ȌȈ ǬȍȊȧȚȤ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ
ǵȈ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ǻȖȓȠ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
șȚȊȈ
— ǹȈȔȖȔț țȔȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȌȖ-
șȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ-
șȚȊȈ ș ȕȍȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȋȓțȗȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
— dzȦȉȖȊȤ" — ȏȈȌȈȓ ȧ ȊȖȗȘȖș
șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖșȚȤȦ ȚȖȕȈ șȋȓȈȌȐȚȤ ȊșȦ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖșȚȤ
— ǽțȎȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȊȣȕțȚȣȑ Ȑȏ
șȈȒȊȖȧȎȈ ȜȘȈȒ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȒȘțȚȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȖȔ ȗȈȓȤ-
Ȟȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȔ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȕ ȋȘțȏȖȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȐȒȈ
ȇ șȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȥȚȐȔ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȑ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ
ȏȈȌțȔȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȝțȎȍ ȟȍȔ
ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ"
— Ǫ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȝȖȓȖȌ« — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȚȐȝȖ
ȅȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȊȣȊȍȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖșȚȐ ȇ țȚȍȠȐȓ ȍȋȖ
ȔȈȓȖ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȍȑ Ȓ șȓțȟȈȦ șȍȕȚȍȕȞȐȍȑ
— ǫȓȈȏȈ — ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟțȎȐȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ șȥȘ ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉțȌț ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȚȤșȧ


300
ȇ ȗȖȒȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ ȐȏȊȐ-
ȕȧȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ șȕȧȚȤ țȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȌȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȣȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȚȤ ȜȘȈȒ Ȋ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍțȘȖȟȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
Ȋ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȍȔ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȏȈȕȧȓșȧ ȟȚȍȕȐȍȔ
ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȓțȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈșȗȍȝ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈȋȖȕȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȟȚȍȕȐȧ ȘȖȔȈȕ ǰȏ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȣȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȗȓȖȝȖ șȉȘȖ-
ȠȦȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȓȐșȚȣ — Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȠȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȧ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȕȐȚȤ ȗȖȊȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȇ ȖȚ-
ȓȖȎȐȓ ȘȖȔȈȕ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȒȕȐȎȒț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȐ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖ-ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ ©DzȘȈșȕȖȍ șȍȊȍȘ-
ȕȖȍ șȐȧȕȐȍª Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȈ
șȚȈȚȤȧ ©Ƕ ȓȖȊȓȍ șȍȓȤȌȐ ȗȖ ȔțȘȔȈȕșȒȖȔț șȗȖșȖȉțª Dz șȖȎȈ-
ȓȍȕȐȦ ȧ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ șȚȐȝȐ ǬȎȐ-
ȋȐ DzȓȍȚȖȟȒȐȕȈ șțȘȖȊȖ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ
©ǻȑȚȐ ȖȚ ȘȎȈȊȣȝ ȒȕȐȋ Ȓ ȗȘȖșȚȣȔ șȍȘȌȞȈȔ«ª
ȇ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȓșȧ ȗȖȥȚȈ Ȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȔȖȑ șȕȖȊȈ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ǻȖȓȠȈ
ǩȣȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȊȗȖȓ-
ȕȍ țșȊȖȐȓ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȘȈȏțȔȍȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌ ©ȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ ȔȈȕȍȘȖȑª
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ șȔȍȠȐȊȈȧ ȍȍ ș ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȔȐ ©ȝȖ-
ȘȖȠȐȔȐ ȔȈȕȍȘȈȔȐª ǬȈ ȇ-ȚȖ țȎ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ
Ȏȍ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ ȉȣȓ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ țȌȐȊȓȍȕ țȊȐȌȍȊ șȘȍȌȐ ȉȍȓȈ Ȍȕȧ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ ȔȈȕȍȘȣ ȕȈȘțȠȐȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ
ȏȈȒȖȕȣ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȝ ȔȈȕȍȘ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǻȖȓȠ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋ
șȊȍȚȓȖ-șȍȘȣȝ ȉȘȦȒȈȝ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖșȒț șȘȍȏȈȕȕȖȔ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȎȐȓȍȚȍ Ȑ
ȜȘȈȒȍ ȇ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȜȘȈȒȈ ȕȖ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȊșȦ ȜȈȓȤȠȤ
ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȚțȈȓȍȚȈ
— Ƕȕ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȏȖȘȐȓșȧ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȊȌȘțȋ
ǻȖȓȠ
ȇ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
— ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȗȘȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ǩȓȐșȚȖȕȈ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȐȔ ȌȈȊ-
ȕȐȠȕȐȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȤȖȕȖȔ ȖȌȕȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ« ǪȗȖșȓȍȌ-
șȚȊȐȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ șȚȈȓȐ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȓȖȝȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ Ȓ
ǹȐȓȓȐ — ȓțȟȠȍȔț ȗȖȘȚȕȖȔț ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȠȐȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȗȖȌ-
ȟȍȘȒȕțȚȖșȚȐ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȚȖȓȒ Ȑ ǹȐȓȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȖȞȍȕȐȓ
— ǩȍȏ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȕțȚȖșȚȐ" — ȗȍȘȍșȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ


302
ǵȖȓȓȐ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȌȈȊȕȖ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȗȈșȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȕȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȖȗȈșȕȈ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ
ǵȖ ȐȋȘȈ ȥȚȈ ȚȈȒ ȊȢȍȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȍȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȈȒȚȘȐșȣ — ȕȈ
șȞȍȕȍ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ — ȟȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐ ș ȕȐȔ
șȓȐȚȖȑ
ǵȖșȐȓȈ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȔȈșȒț" ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȦ ǬȐȈȗȈȏȖȕ ȍȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒ ȟȚȖ ȐȏȔȍ-
ȘȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȈșȈ ȕȍ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ
Ǫ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȖȕȈ șȊȖȌȐȓȈ ș țȔȈ ȋțȊȍȘȕȈȕȚȒț Ȋ ȟȍ-
ȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ — ȌȊȖȦȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐ-
șȚțȗȐȓȈ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȈ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȋȖȌț șȊȖȍȑ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȍȦ ©ȚȘȍȕȐȘȖȊȒȖȑª ȖȚ ȟȍȋȖ șȝȖȌȐȓȐ ș țȔȈ
Ȋșȍ ȒȚȖ ȐȔȍȓ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȕȈ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȉȓȐȏȒȖȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ǫ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȗȖȉȍȌȖȑ ȗȖȝȊȈȓȐȚȤ-
șȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȖ ȚȘȍȕȐȘȖȊȒȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ
ȉȈȒȚȍȘȐȐ șȗȓȍȚȕȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȐȡț Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȔȕȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȔȕȖȎȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȧ ©ǵȖȓȓȐª ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȖ șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕțȦ țȓȣȉȒț ț ȉȍȏȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ țȋȈșȠȐȝ șȍȘȌȍȞ Ȑ ȋȘȐȔȈșț ț Țȍȝ
ȒȚȖ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȍȍ șȈȔȖȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȒȖȕȒțȘȍȕȚȒȖȑ Ȋ ȗȘȐȏȍ ȥȓȍ-
ȋȈȕȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ǭȍ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ©ǸȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȞȣª
ȕȐȒȚȖ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȓ
ǵȖ ȉȍșȞȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȚȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ țȚȘȖȔ —
ȖȌȕȈ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȌȘțȋȈȧ Ȑ țȚȘȈ Ȑ ȕȖȟȐ ț ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ șȝȖȎȐ
ǪȖȏȤȔȍȔ ȕȈțȌȈȟț ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȕȍȠȕȦȦ ȟȍȘȚț ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ǹȒȈȎȍȔ — ȘȖșȚ
ǵț ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ ȘȖșȚȍ ǵȖȓȓȐ" ǭșȓȐ ȍȍ ȐȏȔȍȘȐȚȤ
șȈȕȚȐȔȍȚȘȖȔ — ȖȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ șȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ DzȖȋȌȈ ǵȖȓȓȐ șȚȖȐȚ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ǻȖȓȠȍȔ — șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȖȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, șȈȔȈ
ȗȖ șȍȉȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ șȖ șȞȍȕȣ
Ȏȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȇ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȓ șȍȒȘȍȚȈ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȒȘȣȚ Ȋ ȚȖȑ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ
ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȣȠȈȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȧȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ Ȏȍ Ȋ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ǭȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȉȣȓȐ
ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȓȖȝȐ ǭȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȟȈșȚȍȕȤȒȖ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȚȤ
ȚȖȕȟȈȑȠȐȍ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝȖȊȣȍ ȠȗȐȓȤȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘțȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȖșȐȟȒț


303
țȏȓȖȔ ȕȈȌ șȊȖȐȔ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȔ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȖȔ
— ǶȕȐ ȊȣȓȍȏȓȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȖȚ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ — ȝȖȚȧ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ
ȋȖȌ — ȕȍ ȠțȚȒȈ
ǵȖ ȒȚȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȖșȚȘȐȋȓȈșȤ ȗȖ-ȔțȎ-
șȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȈ ȔȖȌȈ șȖ-
ȗȍȘȕȐȟȈȊȠȈȧ ș ȕȍȑ Ȋ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȈȝ ȚȖ
ȕȍ șȚȈȓȈ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȓțȟȠȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ șȚȈ-
ȓȈ Ȑ ȝțȎȍ ǷȘȧȔȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȒ
Ȋșȍ ȠȓȖ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț șțȡȍșȚȊț ȖȉȓȈȌȈȊ-
ȠȍȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȍȒȘȍȚȖȔ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ
ȦȕȖșȚȐ Ǫșȍ Ȏȍ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȖȌȕȈȎ-
Ȍȣ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȓ ǻȖȓȠț ș ȚȘȍ-
ȉȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ ȍȑ ȚȍȘȚȖȑ ȒȖȎȐ
ȋȐȗȗȖȗȖȚȈȔȈ — ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȍȑ
șȒȈȏȈȓȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȍȓȧ șȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ
ȞȊȍȚȈ ȓȐȞȈ
ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ǻȖȓȠ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈ-
ȜȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț
ǵȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ǵȖȓȓȐ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ — ȚȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ șȒȘȖȦ
ȍȍ țȠȐ ȇ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ Ȗș-
ȔȖȚȘ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȚȤ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ș
țȠȍȑ
DzȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋȣ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȣ Ȋ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț — ȕȍ șȗȍȠȐ-
Țȍ ǸȈȏȋȓȧȌȐȚȍ ȍȍ țȠȐ — ȖȕȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȐȕȖȑ ȘȈȏ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȊȈ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȐȍ ǵȍ ȌȍȓȈȑȚȍ ȖȠȐȉ-
ȒȐ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȧ șȍȉȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȍȓȖȟȤ
ǻȠȐ ǪȖȚ ȋȌȍ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȊșȦ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȕȈȋțȦ
ǷȘȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ ǶȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ șȊȖȐ țȠȐ ǶȕȐ ȗȘȐțȟȐȓȐ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȊȈȎȕȍȑȠțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ
ǷȐȠțȚ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ©Ǫ ȍȍ ȜȐȋțȘȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓșȧ șȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȣȑ ȊȣȏȖȊª« ǰȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ
ȗȐșȈȚȤ țȚȖȟȕȍȕȕȖ ©ǹȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ȊȣȏȖȊ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȍȍ
țȠȈȝª«


305
— ǵț"
— ǵȍȚ
— ǬȈ
ȅȚȐ ȖȚȊȍȚȣ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȐșȤ ț ȕȈș ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
— Ǭȓȧ ȊȈș Ȏȍ ȝțȎȍ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ
ȖȕȈ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ Ȋ țȗȖȘ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕȈ
ǻȖȓȠ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȖȚșȚȈȐȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ǵȖȓȓȐ
ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǻȖȓȠ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȖȕȈ ȕȍȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ
— ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȋț ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ
ȕȈ șȞȍȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚțȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ ș ȗȈȘȚȕȍȘȖȔ ǶȕȖ ȚȈȒ
șȓȈȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȐȋȘț Ǩ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕțȎȕȍȑ
ȇ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȓ ǵȖȓȓȐ ǵȖ ǻȖȓȠ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ
— ǭșȚȤ Ȑ ȥȔȖȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȈȧ șȊȧȏȤ — ȥȚȐȔ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ
ș ȥȚȐȔ Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȍȚșȧ — țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǶȕȈ ȗȈȘȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖ-ȎȍȕșȒȐ
— ȅȔȖȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȈȧ șȊȧȏȤ" DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȧ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȉȖȦșȤ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȌȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖȚȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȚȍșȤ ȇ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȦ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȊȈș
ȝȖȓȖȌ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȦ Ȋ șȣȘțȦ ȚȍȕȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȎȈȘȒȖȋȖ șȖȓȕ-
ȞȈ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ ȥȚȖ — ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ ș ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȐȍȔ
— ǰȏ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ Ȋȣ ȍȌȍȚȍ Ȋ ǹȚȖȒȋȖȓȤȔ" — ȏȈȌȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȗ-
ȘȖș ǵȖȓȓȐ — Ǩ Ȋȣ ǻȖȓȠ"
Ǵȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ Ȋ ǫȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍș-
ȒȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ȀȊȍȞȐȦ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖ
ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȦ ǹȚȖȒȋȖȓȤȔșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȒȞȐȑ ȗȖ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȊȖȗȘȖșț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȘȈȏ-
ȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȓ ǻȖȓȠ ȍȝȈȓ Ȓ ǵȈȕșȍȕț ȗȖ ȌȍȓȈȔ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȚȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȐȔ Ƕȕ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȊȓȖȎȐȚȤ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓ Ȋ ȐȘȘȐȋȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȍ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ — Ȋ ǨȘȔȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
Ǵȣ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ǵȖȓȓȐ
DzȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȚȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȗȖ ȍȍ ȓȐȞț ȕȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȏȈȘȐȓȈ
ȖȉȣȟȕȈȧ ȓțȒȈȊȈȧ țșȔȍȠȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȗȘȐȊȓȍ-
ȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȍȍ ȘȖȚ
— ǸțșșȒȐȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȈȦȚ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔ —
ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȖȕȈ


308
ȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȉȣȓ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȔ Ȋ ǨȚȓȈȕȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȥȚȖ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȣȚȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȖȗȘȖȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤ ǬȘȍȊȕȐȑ ȕȖȘȊȍȎșȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ǶȓȈȑ ǴȈȋ-
ȕțș ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ ȒȈȒ Ȗ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȐ șȈȔȖȔ
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȔ ǵȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȦ ȚȍȓȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖ ȟȍȠțȍȑ,
Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȒȈȒ țȋȖȓȤ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȋȘȍȉȍȕȤ ȋȘȐȊȣ ȟȈșȚȖ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȈ-
ȘțșȕȐȒȐ ț șȒȈȕȌȐȕȈȊșȒȐȝ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ Ȑ țȕȖșȐȚ ș ȗȈȓțȉȣ Ȧȕȋ
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȌț ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ǫȈȘȚȊȐȋ
ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ șȖ șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȊșȍȔ ȕȍȔȞȈȔ ȗȍȌȈȕȚȐȟȕȖșȚȤȦ
ȗȘȖȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓ ȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘ-
ȕȣȔ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȖȘȊȍȎ-
șȒȐȑ ȦȕȋȈ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ șȉȘȖȠȍȕ ș ȗȈȓțȉȣ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ
Șȣȉȣ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ
ǵȖȓȓȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑȏ ȘȧȌȈ ȊȖȕ
ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ǶȕȈ șȓțȠȈȓȈ ǻȖȓȠȈ ș ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȚ-ȊȖȚ Ȗȕ șȒȈȎȍȚ ȍȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ Ȍȓȧ
ȕȍȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ
— ǫȘȍȕȓȈȕȌșȒȐȑ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘ ȅȋȍȌȍ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ǻȖȓȠ
— ȖȗȐșȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȗțȚȍȊȖȔ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ  ȋȖȌȈ ȗȖȌ  ȐȦȓȧ
©Ǵȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȌȖ
țȎȈșȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ
ȏȔȍȑ ǭȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȚȍ ȔȈȟȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ǵȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȖșȚȘȖȑ ȔȖȘȌȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȈșȤ ȗȈșȚȤ
ȒȖȎȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȟȍȠțȍȑ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȐșȚȣȝ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȝ DzȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȏȔȍȑ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ȗȕ ȒȐȕțȓ șȗȐȘȈȓȤȦ ȊȊȍȘȝ șȊȖȑ
ȝȊȖșȚª ȅȚȖȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐ ȗȘȐȗȐșȈȓȐ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ©ȘȈȏȋȖ-
ȘȧȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȖȚțȠȐȚȤª Ȑ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȓȖș ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓ ȐȕȈȟȍ — Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ șȈ-
ȔȖȔț ȅȋȍȌȍ ȗȘȖșȐȊȠȍȔț ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȊȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȘȈșȚ — ȋȈȘȈȕȚȐȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȚțȝȓȖ Ȋ
ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ Ȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ
ǷȘȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ǻȖȓȠȈ ǵȖȓȓȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȓț-
ȒȈȊȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ ǵȍ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȐșȤ ȓȐ ȍȑ ȔȖȐ ©ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐª"
— ǰȏ ȘȧȌȈ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ ;,; ȊȍȒȈ —
ǷȖȕȚȖȗȗȐȌȈȕȈ ǫȘȈȕȐțșȈ ǴȈȒȓȍȈȕȈ Ǵțȝȍȧ — ȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊ-
ȓȦșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ — ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȗȖȊȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ǻȖȓȠ — ǷȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȐșȈȓȐ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐ-


310
ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȈȝ Ȑ ȝȊȖșȚȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȔȣȑ ȘȣȉȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȊȖ-
ȘȖȚ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȈ ǪȖ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȘȈȏȓȖȎȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȚȘțȗ ȚȖȋȖ ȟț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȈ Ȋ șȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȌȓȐȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț
ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ DzțȒȈ ȗȖȌ șȚȈȍȑ ȒȘȐȒȓȐȊȣȝ ȔȖȘș-
ȒȐȝ ȗȚȐȞ ©ș ȋȘȐȊȖȑ ȖȚ ȗȓȍȟȈ ȌȖ ȝȊȖșȚȈª ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ ȈȒțȓȍ
ȕȍȐȔȖȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȌȓȐȕȣ — Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ǻȖȓȠ ȟȍșȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȏȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ
ǵȖȓȓȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȚȐ șȒȈȏȒț
ǷȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ Ȕȕȍ șȈȔȖȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ — ȝȖȚȧ
Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȍ — Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȖșȚȖ-
ȘȖȎȕȖ ȕȈțȒȈ ȖȗȍȘȐȘțȍȚ ș ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ȊȖȗȘȖ-
șȈȔȐ
— ǵȖ ȕȍȌȘȈ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȊ ȗȖȓȕȣ ȚȈȑȕ — ȌțȔȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ — ǶȕȐ
șȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȔȐȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȐșȚ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȕȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȍ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȉȖ-
Șȣ ș ȒȐȕȖȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈȔȐ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȚ șȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȍșȧ
ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȔȐ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȔȈȓȖ ȏȕȈȍȔ
ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑȝ ǬȈȎȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȍȓȤȌȐ șȈȔȖȑ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȍȓȤ-
ȌȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈ ȔȘȈȒȖȔ Ȑ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ǪȖȗȘȖșȣ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȐȌȍȚ"
ȒțȌȈ ȐȌȍȚ" ȗȖȟȍȔț ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȈ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ" — ȌȖ-
ȕȣȕȍ ȖșȚȈȦȚșȧ ȉȍȏ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ǷȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȥȚȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȣȝ șȚȈȚȤȍȑ Ȑȏ ©DzȘȈșȕȖȋȖ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ șȐȧȕȐȧª
— ȥȚȖȚ ȎțȘȕȈȓ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ — ț Ȕȍȕȧ
ȊȣȘȊȈȓȐșȤ șȓȖȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈșșȍȘȌȐȓȐ ǻȖȓȠȈ ȇ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȟȈȧ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ șȈȔȖȔț șȍȉȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȣșȓȐ
— Ǫȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȍȑȠȐȍ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐ ȟȈșȚȖ ȖȠȐȉȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȟȈȡȍ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ǭȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ« ǪȖȚ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȗȍȚțȝȐ« ǶȚȟȍȋȖ ȖȕȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȚ ©Ȓț-
Ȓț-Șȍ-Ȓțª" ǰ ș ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȝȓȖȗȈȦȚ ȒȘȣ-
ȓȤȧȔȐ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȋȖȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ" ǵȐ ȖȌȐȕ țȟȍ-
ȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȏȖȖȓȖȋ ȕȍ șȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȖȗȘȖșȍ
Ƕ ȟȍȔ ȒȘȐȟȈȚ Ȑ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȗȍȚțȝȐ
ǰȏ ȒțȘȕȖȑ ȚȤȔȣ"
ǿȚȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕțȦȚ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ șȚȐȝȐ
ǿȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȔ Ȕȣ"


311
ȇ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȌȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ șȚȘȖȜȣ ȒȈȒ ǻȖȓȠ ȟțȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȒȘȈșȕȍȊ ȏȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȓ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șțȔȈ-
șȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
ȗȍȚțȝȈ Ȑ ȚȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ Ȓ ȗȧȚȐ ȟȈșȈȔ țȚȘȈ ȚȖȎȍ ș
ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȝȓȖȗȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȗȖ
ȉȖȒȈȔ Ȑ ȏȊȖȕȒȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȗȍȚțȠȐȕȖȍ ©Ȓț-Ȓț-Șȍ-Ȓțª
ȇ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȖȊȈ ǻȖȓȠȈ ȕȈ șȊȖȑ șȟȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȍ ȔȖȍ ȓȐ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȌȈȓȖ ȍȔț ȗȖȊȖȌ Ȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ
ȘȍȗȓȐȒȍ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȓȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȊȖȏȔț-
ȡȍȕȐȐ ǻȖȓȠ ȕȍ ȏȈȠȍȓ ȇ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ ȗȖȥȚȈ
șȚȈȊȠȐȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ șȓȖȊȈȔ ǻȖȓȠȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȏȈȗțȚȈȕ-
ȕȍȍ Ȍȓȧ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȌ țȟȍȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤȦ Ȕȕȧȡȍȑ Ȗ ȊșȍȏȕȈ-
ȕȐȐ« ǯȖȖȓȖȋȐȧ ǪȖȕ ȚȈȔ ȓȍȚȐȚ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ ȗȚȐȞȈ« ǷȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȔ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȐȏțȟȐȓȈ ȉȣ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ șȊȖȍȋȖ
ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ Ȑ ȏȈȕȧȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ
șȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǵȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ Ȋ ȍȍ țȟȍȕȖȔ ȚȘțȌȍ șȓȍ-
ȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ©Ǫ ȏȈȘȖȌȣȠȍȊȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȥȚȐ ȌȊțȕȖȋȐȍ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȣȍ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȝȖȌșȚȊȈ ș ȕȈȔȐ DzȖșȚȐ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ ț ȕȐȝ ȚȈȒ-
Ȏȍ ȕȍ șȘȈȡȍȕȣ ȒȓȦȊȈ ȕȍȚ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ț ȕȈș Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȧȚȤ
Ȍȕȍȑ ȊȣșȐȎȐȊȈȕȐȧ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐ-
ȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȌȓȐȕȣ ǵȈ ȊșȍȔ Țȍȓȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧ-
ȡȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȈ — ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȋȖȓȣȍ șȚȍȘȎȕȐ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ țȎȍ Ȋ
ȧȑȞȍ șȚȖȐȔ ȊȣȠȍ ȗȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȦ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȜȈȏȍ
ȍȋȖ DzȖșȚȐ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȝȘțȗȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȕȈȠȐȔ Ȋ ȦȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ șȖ-
ȌȍȘȎȈȚ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ǪȖȏȌțȠȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȖșȚȍȑ ț ȕȐȝ ȕȍȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȕȍ șȚȖȧȚ Ȋ șȊȧȏȐ ș șȒȍȓȍȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ț ȕȈș Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ
ȘȈȕȕȍȔ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȍ ǯȖȉȈ ȕȍȚ ȊȖȊșȍ ǮȍȓȍȏȐșȚȣȑ Ȑ ȔȣȠȍȟȕȣȑ
ȎȍȓțȌȖȒ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ șȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȖȉȡȐȑ ȔȍȠȖȒ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ — ȟȍȘȚȣ șȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ ț ȕȈș ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȦȡȐȍ DzȖȋȚȐ
ț ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȈ ȌȊțȕȖȋȐȝ șȚȖȓȤ Ȏȍ ȕȍțȌȖȉȕȖ ȗȓȖșȒȐ ȒȈȒ ț ȕȈș
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȣȓțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ ǹȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤȦ ȓȍȚȈȚȤ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȚ Ȑȏ Ȕȓȍ-
ȒȖȗȐȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚțȟȐȍ ȔȣȠȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ-
șȧ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȐȝ ǰ ȥȚȐ-ȚȖ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ȕȍ Ȋ
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ șȈȔȐ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȗȐȡț Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȚȘȈȒȚȈȚȈȝ ȏȈȧȊȓȧȦȚ ȗȘȍȚȍȕȏȐȦ ȕȈ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȦ ȊȣșȠțȦ
ȟȍȔ ȕȈȠȈª


313
— ȇ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȦ ș ǵȖȓȓȐ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȦ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ șȔȖȋț — ȚȊȍȘ-
ȌȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ ǵȖ ȗȖ șȖȊȍșȚȐ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȏȕȈȧ ȍȍ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȧ ȖȚ-
ȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚțȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȔȖȋț Ȑ ȟȚȖ
ǻȖȓȠȈ ȉȍșȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȦ ǵȖ Ȗȕ
ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȌȕȧȋȈ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕ
ǹ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȖȧȏȓȐȊȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȧ șȊȖȦ ȘțȒț ȕȈ ȍȋȖ
ȘȈșȒȘȣȚțȦ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȚȍȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȐȚȐȊȕȣȔ ȎȍșȚȖȔ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȎȈȚ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ǻȖȓȠȈ șȎȈȓȐșȤ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȖ ȗȘȖȟȕȖȍ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȕȍȎȕȖȍ ȘțȒȖȗȖȎȈȚȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ
ȖȉȔȍȕȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȑ ș ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȘȖȡȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȍȋȖ șȒȖȓȤȏ-
ȕțȓ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔ ȗțȉȓȐȒȐ șȗȍȠȐȊȠȍȑ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌȈȔ ȗȍȘȘȖȕȈ«
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȈ ǵȖȓȓȐ
ȇ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȎȈȓȖșȚȤ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȋȐȋȈȕȚț ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȎ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ țȟȈȡȍȕȕȖ ȉȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌ
ȚțȋȐȔ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȈȌȍȚȖȑ ȜȘȈȟȕȖȑ șȖȘȖȟȒȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ȚȍȔ ȔȍșȚȈȔ ȍȋȖ șȉȖȒț ȗȖȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȔȍȕȧȦȚșȧ ȗȘȐ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ — ȗȘȍȐȔț-
ȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ț ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȉȣ șȈȔȖȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȕȐ
ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȐșȤ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȧ ȊȣȌȈȦ ȊȈȠ șȍȒȘȍȚ ȐȉȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȌ
ȥȚȐȔ șȊȖȑșȚȊȖȔ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ — ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȖȟȕȣȑ șȗȖ-
șȖȉ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȈȊ-
Ȍț ȅȚȖ șȊȖȑșȚȊȖ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȓȐȞț ǻȖȓȠȈ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȎȍȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȟțȚȤ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖȍ
ǵȖ—
©ǵȈȌȖ țȌȈȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȎȐȚȤ
ǰȓȐ ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ țȔȍȘȍȚȤª
ȅȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȡȍ ǸȖȔȍȖ ǻȖȓȠ ȊȣȉȘȈȓ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ
— Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȖȉțȌȍȚȍ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ǻȖȓȠȈ
ǵȖ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȕȍ șȘȈȏț ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ
ǪȏȌȖȝȕțȊ Ȗȕ ș ȟȐșȚȖ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ȜȈȔȐȓȤȧȘȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȐȓ ȘțȒț ȕȈ ȔȖȍ ȗȓȍȟȖ Ȑ țșȚȈȓȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș


316
ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȊȠȈȧ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȘț ȐȊȈ — ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ — ȓȈȕȌȠȈȜȚ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȉȣ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȤȦ Ȋ ȘȈȔȍ ȖȒȕȈ
ǶȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍȊȖȏȔțȚȐȔȖȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȖȑ ȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ Ȕȕȍ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ǹȚȈȘȠȍȔț ȕȈ ȊȐȌ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȍȚ ȗȖȌ ȊȖșȍȔȤ-
ȌȍșȧȚ ȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȉȖȌȘȖ Ȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȚȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȔȖȓȖȎȍ ȍȋȖ ȓȍȚ ȕȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ǺȘȍȚȐȑ ȉȣȓ ȓȍȚ ȚȘȐȌ-
ȞȈȚȐ ȗȧȚȐ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȊȖȠȍȌ-
ȠȐȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȘȖșȚȖȔ ȘȈȊȕȧȓșȧ ș ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȇ ȉȍȋȓȖ
șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȗȖ Ȑȝ ȓȐȞȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȖȌȕȈ șȍȔȤȧ ǰ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȧȔȣȔ ȕȐșȝȖȌȧ-
ȡȐȔ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȍȔ ǶȓȈȜȈ ǽȥȘșȚȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈȘȧ ǹȓȖȊȖȔ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋșȧ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȟȕȈȧ
ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȧ ȉȍȏ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȊȣ ȅȚȖȚ ȊȐȏȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ țȏȕȈȓ ȉȣȓ
ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȔ ȈȒȚȖȔ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȚȧ ǵȖ ȗȍȘȍȑȌț Ȓ șțȚȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ
ǴȓȈȌȠȐȑ — ǸȈȕȌȖȓȤȜ — ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȈȗȘȈȌȍȌ
ȠȍȜ ȧȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȍȕ șȖșȚȖȧȚȤșȧ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȈȕȒȍȚ ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ țȕȐ-
ȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȖȊȈȓ ȚȘȍȝșȖȚȓȍȚȐȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ
ǫȈȓȈȕȚȕȖ ȘȈșȒȓȈȕȐȊȈȧșȤ ȉțȌțȡȐȑ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓȈ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȍȕ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȚȤ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȈȕȒȍȚ ǷȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȊ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ ȗȘȈ-
ȗȘȈȊȕțȒȈ ȗȘȈȊȕțȒȈ ȊȕțȒȈ Ȑ șȣȕȈ ǶȓȈȜȈ ǽȥȘșȚȈ ȏȈ ȗȘȐȋ-
ȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȧ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ Ȑȝ șȍșȚȤ
ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȐșțȡȍȑ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ-
șȊȍȚșȒȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȒȓȍȐȓșȧ ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȈȔȣȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȑ
Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț șȣȕ ǽȥȘșȚȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȚȖȔ ș ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȍȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȊȠȍȑ
ȚȈȒ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȊȠȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȈȕȌȠȈȜȚ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȖȎȐȊȐȓșȧ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȟȐȚȈȍȚ ǪȖȘȔșȈ" ǵȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȓȐ ȋȖș-
ȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȋȌȍ ǪȖȘȔș ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ șȊȖȦ ȒȕȐȋț" Ƕȕ ȕȈȗȐ-
șȈȓ ȍȍ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȈȔȖȔ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ǬȈ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖ-
Ȕț ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓȤȡȐȒȖȔ ȥȚȖȚ ǪȖȘȔș« ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ
Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ« ǵȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȓȐ ȓȈȕȌȠȈȜȚ Ȋȣ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ"
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȧșȕȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȗȐșȐ ȝȘȈȕȧȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȈȘȝȐȊȈȝ
ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȐ ș ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ȥȚȖ țșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȦȚ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȋȓȧȕțȊȠȐșȤ ș ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȎȍșȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȖȒȕț


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ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȈȧ ȒȖȚȓȖȊȐȕȈ ȐȔȍȓȈ ȌȐȒȐȑ ȕȍȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȐȌ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȒȘțȋȖȊ ȈȌȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ǬȈȕȚȍ
Ǵȣ ȠȓȐ șȗȖȚȣȒȈȧșȤ ȗȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȊȈȓțȕȈȔ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȌȖ-
șȚȐȋȓȐ ȏȈȌȕȍȑ șȒȈȓȣ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȎȌȈȊȠȍȑ ȌȖșȚțȗ ǰ ȏȌȍșȤ« ǵȖ
ȉțȌț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒț Ȋ ȚȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ
ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ
— Ǫȣ ȕȈȠ ȋȖșȚȤ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȕȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȞȍȕȐȔ
— ȏȈȧȊȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ ȌȖȚȖȓȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȊȠȐȝ ȠȊȍȌȖȊ
ȇ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȍȡȍ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ȊȍȌȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȊșȚț-
ȗȓȍȕȐȍ Ƕȕ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ
— Ǵȣ ȉțȌȍȔ ȎȈȓȍȚȤ ȍșȓȐ țȚȖȔȐȔ ȊȈș
ǬȘțȋȖȑ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț Ȑ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǵȍ șȖȊȍȚțȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȈȔ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
Ȋȣ șȍȑȟȈș țȊȐȌȐȚȍ« Ǫȣ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȚȍ șȊȖȦ țȟȍȕțȦ ȘȍȗțȚȈȞȐȦ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȊȈȔ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚ«
ǸȈȕȌȖȓȤȜ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȕȍșșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȇ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȖșȗȍȊȈȓ ȏȈ
ȕȐȔȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȓ șȒȈȓȍ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ
ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȖȚȊȈȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ǹȗȘȈȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ș ȕȈȠȍȑ
ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
ȓțȒȈȊȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȓȧȌȧ
— ǻ ȊȈș ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠ ș șȖȉȖȑ"
— ȇ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȏȈȗȐșȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȎȒȐ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ
— ǰ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȖȚȍȞ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȐȓ ȏȌȍșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȓȐ-
ȉȖ ȏȈȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȚȤ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȚȍȕȤ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ Ȋ țȏȒțȦ ȡȍȓȤ
ȗȖȌ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ Ȑȏ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ǶȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ șȗț-
șȒȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȣ șȒȖȓȤȏȧ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖ ȒȘțȚȖȔț
țșȣȗȈȕȕȖȔț ȡȍȉȕȍȔ șȒȓȖȕț ǹȗțșȒ ȉȣȓ ȚȘțȌȍȕ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȐȚȍȓȍȕ ȇ ȖȡțȡȈȓ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȑ ȟțȚȤ ȕȈȋȘȍȚȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ǫ ȗȖ-
ȓțȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȋȘȖȚȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȍȌȊȈ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȐȔ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍȔ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȘȈȏȓȐ-
ȟȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖșȊȖȐȓșȧ ș ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȖȑ ǵȖȋȐ
ȔȖȐ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ«
ǸȈȕȌȖȓȤȜ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȑ ȊȏȧȊ ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȗȖȌȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ
ȗȓȖșȒȖȔț ȒȈȔȕȦ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȓ ȒȘȍșȓț ȇ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ
ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȎȍȕȐȐ ǴȖȐȔ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȚȣȔ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȗȘȖ-


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ȋțȓȒȈ ȥȚȈ ȌȈȓȈșȤ ȉȍȏ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȧ ǰȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȕȈ ȠȊȍȌșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ǹȔȍȝ ǸȈȕȌȖȓȤȜȈ ȋțȓȒȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌ
șȊȖȌȈȔȐ
— ȅȖȞȍȕ ȅȗȖȝȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȗȘȐȔȈȚȖȊ ȥȗȖȝȈ ȊȣȔȐȘȈȕȐȧ
ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ ȗȘȍșȔȣȒȈȦȡȐȝșȧ
ȅȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖ-ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȖșȤ
ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȇ ȊșȚȈȓ
— ȇ ȕȍ șțȔȍȦ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȍ ș ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȗȖȌ-
ȘȖȉȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȚȖȘȎȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ șȣȕ ǶȓȈȜȈ ǽȥȘșȚȈ
— ǶȚȍȞ ȌȍȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȐȏțȟȐȓ ȥȗȖȝț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȖȧȊȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȈțȟȐȊȠȍȍșȧ
ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȧȚȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȝ ȋȈȌȖȊ
ȇ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȌȖȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȖȍ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȖȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ țȓȈȊȓȐ-
ȊȈȓȐ ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ țȊȐȌȍȓ Țț ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ
ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȈȧ șȚȖȐȚ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȖȐȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȀȊȍȌ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǬȖ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȥȗȖȝȐ ȔȓȍȒȖȗȐȚȈȦȡȐȝ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȥȗȖȝȈ
ȧȡȍȘȖȊ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȎȐȊȠȐȝ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ Ȑ ȕȈ șțȠȍ ȕȖ Ȑ
Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ǯȈȔȍȚȤȚȍ ȥȚȖ« Ǫ Țȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕȈȝ ȗȓȈȊȈȓ
ȘȣȉȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȔȍȚȘȖȊȣȑ ȐȝȚȐȖȏȈȊȘ DzȘȖȊȖȎȈȌ-
ȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȎȖȘȓȐȊȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȐȋȘȈ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ș ȔȖȘ-
ȌȖȑ ȌȍȓȤȜȐȕȈ ș ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȘȈȊȕȧȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȈȠȍȑ
ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ș ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓȈ ș ȗȖȏȊȖȕȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ Șȣȉȣ
ș ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȍȘȤȧȔȐ ȒȐȚȈ ǴȖȏȈȏȈȊȘ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȚȣ-
Șȍ ș ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȖȑ ȔȍȚȘȈ — ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȚȈȒțȦ ȌȓȐȕț"
ȥȚȖ ȗȖȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȜȈșȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ — ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȍȡȍ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȜȍȕȖȔȍȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȖșȗȈȘȐȊȈȓ ț ȐȝȚȐȖȏȈȊȘȈ șȊȖȦ ȗȐȡț
— ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘȖȊ șȚȘȈȠȐȓȐȡ Ȋ ȚȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ ȔȍȕȤȠȐȝ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȋȐȉȈȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȈșȚȐ ǽȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȔȖȏȈȏȈȊȘȈ Ȋ
ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȎȐȊȖȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖ-
Țȍ ǰ ȋȖȘȍ ȚȖȔț ȒȚȖ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ țșȍȧȕȕȣȍ ȖșȚȘȣȔȐ ȏț-
ȉȈȔȐ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ȊȖȘȖȚ ǮȐȊȖȚ-


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ȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȓȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ șȎȈȚȖȑ ȒȓȐȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ
ȜȖȘȔȍ ȚȍȓȈ Ȑ ȊȍȘȚȐȒȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȝȊȖșȚț
ǵȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȍ-
ȕȍ — Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒț — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȈȓȒȐȑ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ șȊȖȐȝ
ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ǸȈȕȌȖȓȤȜ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ«
ȀțȚȒȈ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȔȍȠȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȖȚȟȍ-
ȋȖ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ«
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȈȧ ȓȍȒȞȐȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈșȤ
— ǯȔȍȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȑ ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘ ș ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȈ
ȋȐȉȒȖȑ ȓȍȉȍȌȐȕȖȑ Ƞȍȍ ȉȣȓ șȓȈȉȍȑȠȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȑȏ
șȍȘȐȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ Ƕȕ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ
șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈȝ ȓȖȊȧ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȌȖȉȣȟț ȓȖȊȒȐȔȐ
țȗȘțȋȐȔȐ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȖȍ șȈȔȖȑ ȘȈȏȕțȏ-
ȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȍȑ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȌȐȊȖ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȓȖ Ȋ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ Ȗ ȉȈșȕȖșȓȖȊȕȣȝ ȋȐȌȘȈȝ Ȑ ȝȐȔȍȘȈȝ
ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ Ǫ ȖȉȡȍȔ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȐȝ ȕȐȓȤ-
șȒȐȝ ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓȖȊ ȝȖȚȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȍȑȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȓȍȏȐȖ-
ȏȈȊȘȖȔ — ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȚȖȚ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ ȉȣ
șȘȈȏț — ȊȍȌȤ ȍȋȖ ȏțȉȣ ȘȈȊȕȧȓȐșȤ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ȌȓȐȕȣ ȊȈȠȍȑ
ȘțȒȐ ǷȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ ȉȣ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȋȓȈȚȣȊȈȓ Ȑȝ-
ȚȐȖȏȈȊȘ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȊȖșȒȘȍȠȈȓ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖ-
ȋȖ ȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ Ǩ ȋȖȓȖș Ȑȏ ȗȖȓțȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ǵȖ șȈȔ ȐȝȚȐȖȏȈȊȘ — ȕȐȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȊȖȦȘȖȌȕȣȔ
ȉȘȈȚȖȔ — ȌȐȗȓȖȌȖȒȖȔ ǹȈȔȈȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȧȡȍȘȐȞ
ȐȔȍȓȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ ș ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȖȑ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȌȓȐȕȣ ǬȈ ȌȊȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ ș ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȖȑ șȈȔȈȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ« ȅȚȖ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȍȑȠȍȍ Ȑȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȎȐȊȠȐȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ ǴȈșșȐȊ-
ȕȣȍ șȓȖȕȖȊȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȝȊȖșȚ
ȒȖȎȈ ȋȓȈȌȒȈȧ ȒȈȒ ț ȏȔȍȐ — ȊȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ǩȖȓȤȠțȦ
ȟȈșȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȐȗȓȖȌȖȒ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȝ ȘȍȒȈȝ Ȑ Ȗȏȍ-
ȘȈȝ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ Ƞȍȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȈ ȍȔț șȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȓȐșȚ-
Ȋț ș ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ǶȓȈȜț ǽȥȘșȚț — ș șȈȔȖ-
ȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ șȣȕ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȋȖ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ — ȊȣȗȈȓȈ
ȟȍșȚȤ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȐȗȓȖȌȖȒ ȓȦȉȐȓ șȖȓȍȕțȦ ȊȖȌț Ȑ țșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȚȖȚ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ ȕȍȖșȗȖȘȐȔȣȑ ȜȈȒȚ ȟȚȖ
ȊȖȌȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȉȣȚȕȣȝ ȔȖȘȍȑ ȗȖȗȖȓȕȧȊȠȈȧșȧ ȌȖȎȌȧȔȐ ȉȣȓȈ


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ȗȘȍșȕȖȑ Ȑ ȟȚȖ șȖȓȐ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȘȧ ȘȍȒȈȔȐ ǪȈȔ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȈ ȥȚȈ ȚȍȖȘȐȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ"
ȇ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ Dz șȚȣȌț șȊȖȍȔț ȧ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ Ǫ ȌȍȚșȚȊȍ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȊȒțș
ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȗȓȈȊȈȦȚ șȍȓȤȌȐ
ǶȚȒȈȏȈȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ȧ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȊȖȊșȍ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȟ-
ȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș ǹȓȖȊȖȔ ȧ șȟȍȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ
— ǶȚȍȞ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȐșȗȖȓȐȕșȒȐȍ ȚȘȈȊȖȧȌȕȣȍ
ȧȡȍȘȐȞȣ ȘȈȏȔȕȖȎȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȒȓȈȌȒȐ ȧȐȞ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕ-
șȒȈȧ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ǴȖȕȋȖȓȐȐ ȕȈȠȍȌȠȈȧ ȌȊȈȌȞȈ-
ȚȐșȈȕȚȐȔȍȚȘȖȊȣȍ ȧȑȞȈ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȈ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȐȑ țȔȖȓȒ ȇ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ Ȑ ȘțȒȈ ȔȖȧ ȕȍ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȉȍȓȖȊȈȚȣȔ Ȋ ȕȈȚȍȒȈȝ ȓȐȕȐȧȔ ȕȈȔȍ-
ȟȈȊȠȐȔ ȘȐșțȕȖȒ ȐșȗȖȓȐȕșȒȐȝ ȟȈșȚȍȑ șȒȍȓȍȚȈ ȕȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ șȒȈȓȣ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȌȖȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ ȌȖ țȋ-
ȓțȉȓȍȕȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ
***
— ǯȕȈȒȖȔȣ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ș ȗȈȓȍȖȥȔȉȘȐȖȓȖȋȐȍȑ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ
— Ƕ ȕȍȚ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȧ — Ȗ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȐ ȌȖȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȍȡȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗ ȕȐȝ șȈȔȐȝ
— ǹȓȖȑ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȍȚȘ ȖȚȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ șȍȔȐ Țȣșȧȟ
ȓȍȚ ǺȖȓȡȐȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȖșȈȌȖȟȕȣȝ șȓȖȍȊ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȣ ȘȈȊȕȈ ȗȧ-
ȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȔ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȈȔ Ǫȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȈȚȤ șȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȍȓȧ Ȑȝ ȖȚȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ǿȍȚȣȘȍșȚȈ ȔȐȓȓȐȖ-
ȕȖȊ ȓȍȚ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȞȐȜȘȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȝȖ-
ȌȐȚșȧ ȖȗȍȘȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȑ ȥȒșȗȖȕȈȚ
Ǫ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȐșȚȣȝ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȖȌȈȝ — ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȋȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
Ȕțȏȍȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ
ǸȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȉȈșȕȖșȓȖȊȕȖȍ șȚȘȈȠȐȓȐȡȍ ȧ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȓ:
ȏȈȊȧȏȓȖ ȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȖ Ȋ Ȑȓȍ Ȑ ȚȐȕȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȉȣȚȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȘȐșțȕȖȒ ȍȋȖ ȒȖșȚȧȒȈ" ǰȓȐ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ


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ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡț ȒȈȒ ȉȖȎȍ-
șȚȊț ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȖȗȖȘȖȔ ȊȣȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ"
— ǵȈ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȉȐȉ-
ȓȐȖȚȍȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȈ ȗȈ-
ȌȈȧ Ȓ ȘȍȒȍ ȖȚȊȍșȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȣȊȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȍȓȐșȤ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȣȍ
ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȓȍȚ Ǫ ȗțȕȒȚȍ ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȐȔșȧ ȕȍȌȘȈ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȕȣ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȣȔȐ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȧȔȐ ǹțȌȧ ȗȖ
ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȦ Ȗ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȐȕȐȧȝ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ șȒȈȓȍ
Ȑ Ȋ șȖȊȖȒțȗȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȘȐ-
șțȕȖȒ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȖȔț șȚȖȘȖȎț ȕȍȒȐȑ
ȠȈȝȚȍȘ ǺȖȔȈȏȐȑ Ǵȍȕ DzȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȈ ȗȖȋțȉȐȓȈ ȊȗȖ-
șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ șȔȍȓȤȟȈȒȖȊ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȔȍșȚȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȒȐ Ȑ ȖȕȈ
ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑȏ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ǭȡȍ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖ-
Ȕț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȊȖȌȈ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȧȓȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȘȖȚ — ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȚțȚ ȍșȚȤ
ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȈȧ ȘȍȒȈ ǶȚȍȞ șȈȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ Ǫ ȉțȌț-
ȡȍȔ ȋȖȌț Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȕȍȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȖȗȈȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȚ șȘȍȌ-
șȚȊȈ — ȕțȎȕȣ ȔȈșșȈ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȗȖȌȘȣȊȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ« Ǩ ȘȍȒ-
ȓȈȔȕȖ ȊȍșȚȐ ȌȍȓȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȈșȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȌȐ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ-
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǶȚȍȞ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȖșȚȐ«
DzȈȒ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȓȈ ȔȖȑ ȔȖȏȋ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗȉ ǻȖȓȠȍ
— ǻȖȓȠ Ƕȕ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖșȒțȗȐȚșȧ ǰ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ
ǵȖ ȌȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈ ș ǶȓȈȜȖȔ ǽȥȘșȚȖȔ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ș ȗȘȍȌȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȣȎȌȈȚȤ
— ǸȐșțȕȖȒ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȐ
ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘț ȕȐ ȔȖȏȈȏȈȊȘț ȕȐ ȚȍȔ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȌȐȗȓȖȌȖȒț —
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ — ǸȈȕȌȖȓȤȜ ȏȈȓȐȓ ȥȚȐ țȋȓțȉȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȘȈș-
ȒȖȑ Ǫ Ȑȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȖȚȍȞ ȊȖșȗȖȓȕȐȓ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȦȡȐȍ ȟȈșȚȐ Țț-
ȓȖȊȐȡȈ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȘȐșțȕȒȍ ȍșȚȤ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖȍ ǰȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ ȕȈ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȔ ȒȘȈșȕȖȔ ȗȍșȟȈ-
ȕȐȒȍ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȤ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȚȖȓȡȐȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȣȚȖȔ țȋȓȍȕȖșȕȣȔȐ
ȖȚȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȑ ȋȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȥȗȖȝȐ DzȘȈșȕȣȑ ȗȍș-
ȟȈȕȐȒ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȚ șȓȍȌȣ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ ȊȣȌȍȓȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȗțȚȍȔ ȊȍȒȖȊȣȝ
ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȊ ȚȖȕȒțȦ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȗȓȍȕȒț DzȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȓȈȒȐȘȖȊȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȉȐȚȈ ȗȖȌ ȕȍȑ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȖșȤ
ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ șȦȌȈ ǪȖȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐ-
ȊȖ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȚȘȍȝȗȈȓȣȍ ȓȈȗȣ ș ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ ȅȚȐ ȒȖȋȚȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖ-


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ȟȐȔ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ șȔțȡȈȦȚ ȖȚȞȈ ȚȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ Ȗȕ țȚȊȍȘȎ-
ȌȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȦ ȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȘ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ǺȍȘȔȐȕ ȥȚȖȚ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȚ ȋȍȖȓȖȋȐȍȑ ȝȖ-
Țȧ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȍȚ ȗȖȒȈ ȓȐȠȤ Ȓ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈ-
ȕȈȝ țȋȘȍȊȐȌȕȣȔ ȘȣȉȈȔ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚȘȐ-ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȔȍȚȘȈ
ǷȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȖȚȞȈ ȏȌȍșȤ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȌȧȕȖȑ
ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ ȏȔȍȧ Ȑȏ ȗȖȓțșȖȚȕȐ ȊȐȌȖȊ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȝ Ȓ
ȕȈȏȍȔȕȣȔ Ȑ ȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȔ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ©ȌȘȈȒȖȕª ǨȊȋțșȚȐȕȈ ȅȓȐȈȕȈ ǷȓȐȕȐȧ
dzțȒȈȕȈ — ȊȍȌȤ Ȋșȍ Ȑȝ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȧ șȝȖȌȧȚșȧ — Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ
ȊȐȌȖȊ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ"
— ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǽȥȘșȚ — ǪȣȊȖȌȣ ȖȚȞȈ — ȗȓȖȌ
ȌȖȓȋȖȓȍȚȕȐȝ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȑ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȦ ȍȋȖ șȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȘȍȊȕȐȊȖ ȖȉȍȘȍȋȈȍȚ ȚȈȑȕț ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȣȊȈȧ Ǫȣ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȣ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȕȣ ȕȈțȒȖȑ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ Ǩ ȚțȚ
ȍȡȍ ȥȚȐ ȒȖȋȚȐ
— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ — ǵȈ ǴȈȓȈȑ-
șȒȐȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈȝ ȊȖȌȐȚșȧ ȘȣȉȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȣȓȍȏȈȍȚ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ șȚȊȖȓȣ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȔ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț șȒȈȚȣ-
ȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ș ȕȐȝ ȌȖȎȌȍȊȣȔ ȒȈȗȓȧȔ ǶȌȕȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȚ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȞȍȗȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ȗ ȒȖȋȚȧȝ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȧ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ©DzȘȈșȕȖȍ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȍ
șȐȧȕȐȍª ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȦ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȓȐ-
ȞȈ ǽȥȘșȚȈ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȐ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȔȕȖȦ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȐ Ȗ ȔțȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ șȍȓȤȌȧȝ
— ǫȌȍ ȋȌȍ Ȋȣ ȗȘȖȟȓȐ ȥȚȖ"
ȇ șȒȘȖȔȕȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖ-
ȊȈȕȖ șȚȖȓȤ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ȗȈȓȍȖȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ
— ǵȖ ț ȕȈș ȕȍȚ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖȚ ȘȐșțȕȖȒ ȕȍ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȈȧ ȐȋȘȈ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ Ȉ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ Ȋȣșȍȟȍȕ Ȑ Ȋȣșȍȟȍȕ ȕȍ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǪȍȌȤ Ȑ ǸȈȕȌȖȓȤȜ
ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȊȣȉȐȚȤ ȌȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ǩȍȌȈ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȐȍ ȏȈȗȐșȐ ȋȌȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖșȤ Ȗȉ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȐ ǺȖȔȈ-
ȏȐȧ ǴȍȕȈ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ șȖȘȖȒ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȎȈȘȍ ȉȐȉ-
ȓȐȖȚȍȒȐ«


324
— ǵȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȍ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ Ȑȏ șȖȉȖȓȍȏ-
ȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȧȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ
ȘȖȌȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȝ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ Ȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȍȘȖȊ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ
ȕȈțȒȐ ǵȈȌȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ șȈȔ ǫȍȚȟȐȕșȖȕ ȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ȕȍ
ȘȈȏ ȖȚȞț ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȏȔȍȐ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ ȚȖ șțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓȐ ǵȖ ȖȚȍȞ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȧ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȍȠȕȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑȝ
— ǷȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȖȚ ȧȡȍȘȐȞ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȇȡȍȘȐȞȣ țȉȍȌȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȧ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ ȖȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȕȈ Șȍȉ-
ȘȈ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ȓȍȋȟȍ Ȑ — ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȐ ȕȖȋȐ Ȋ ȗȈȘȕȣȍ ȗȓȈȊȕȐ-
ȒȐ ȒȈȒ ț Șȣȉ
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȐȑ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȘȒȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ
— ǪȈȠȍȔț șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒț ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕț ǩȍȘȋț ȚȈȒ ȧȘȖ-
șȚȕȖ ȕȈȗȈȊȠȍȔț ȕȈ ǬȈȘȊȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ șȊȖȐ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ǯȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȈȧ ȚȍȖȘȐȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȠȈȚȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ țȌȈ-
ȘȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ șȗȈșȈȍȚ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ
ǷȘȐȠȍȓ ȔȖȑ ȟȍȘȍȌ țȓȣȉȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȖ Ȑȏ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ȧ șȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȓșȧ ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǷȖ ȏȈȒȖȕț ȥȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȕȐȏȠȐȍ ȊȐȌȣ ȊȣȚȍșȕȧȦȚșȧ Ȋȣș-
ȠȐȔȐ ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȍ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȏȊȍȘȐ ȊȣȔȍȘȓȐ
ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȉ ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓȣ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȕȈ-
ȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ" ǪȈȠȈ ȚȍȖȘȐȧ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȊȖȗ-
ȘȖșȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ ȕȖ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȊȖ-
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ șȊȖȍ ©Ȓț-Ȓț-Șȍ-Ȓțª
ǿțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȖȏȘȈ-
ȏȐȓ
— ȇ țȎȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȈȔ ȟȚȖ ǶȓȈȜ ǽȥȘșȚ ȐȡȍȚ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ
șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȏȔȍȧ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
Ǵȣ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒț ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȗțȚȍȔ ǶȉȘȈȏ ȊȖȌȧ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚȈ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȖȗȘȧȋȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ș
ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ǵȖȓȓȐ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓȈ ȖȌȐȕȈ-
ȒȖȊȣȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȇ ȟțȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ țșȚțȗȐȓ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȦ ȌȈȚȤ Ȍȍȗȍ-
Ƞț ȕȖ șȕȖȊȈ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȣȎȌȈȚȤ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈ ș ǽȥȘșȚȖȔ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȚȐ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ


325
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȥȚȖȚ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ
***
ǹȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ ȖȚ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȏȈȉȖȚ ȧ ȔȐȘȕȖ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȓșȧ ȕȈ
ȉȈȕȒȍȚȍ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȍȔ ș ȊȣȌȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȕȈț-
ȒȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ǴȖȐ ȌȈȊȕȐȠȕȐȍ șȊȧȏȐ ș țȕȐ-
ȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȖȔ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȣȍ ȖȚ-
ȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ș ȐȕȚȐȔȕȣȔ ȒȘțȎȒȖȔ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșțȘȣ ǶȓȈȜ
ǽȥȘșȚ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
ǹȚȖȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȠȍȜ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȐ ȊșȍȔȐȘȕȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ șȊȖȐȔ
ȗȈȓȍȖȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȖȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȌ-
ȘȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȧȊȠȐȔ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȘȈȌțȠ-
ȕȖ Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ș ȕȐȔ Ȗ ǴȖșȒȊȍ Ȑ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ Ƕȕ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖ-ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȏȈȒȖȕȟț șȊȖȦ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț — Ȋȣ
ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȒȈȒțȦ" — ȧ ȗȘȐȍȌț Ȋ ȊȈȠț șȚȘȈȕț ȇ ȝȖȟț țȊȐȌȍȚȤ
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋșȍ ȚȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚȍ
ǰ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȊ Ȗȕ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ
— ǯȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǻ ȕȈș ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ ǬȈȊȕȖ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘȣ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȗȈȘȓȈȔȍȕȚț ș ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ
Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȐȔ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ ȜțȚȉȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȈ ș ȚȘȈ-
ȊȖȑ ǶȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ
©ǯȌȍșȤ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȈȍȚșȧª Ȑ ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȉȝȖȌ ȕȖ ȚȍȔ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȖȌȖșȗȍȓȈ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȧ«
ȇ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȖȑ ȊȖșȗȘȐȐȔȟȐȊȖșȚȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȞȈ
— Ȗȕ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț Ȑ Ȕȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ
ǵțȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ țȟȍȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȕȈȔ
ȗȖȔȍȠȈȚȤ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȖȌȕț-ȌȘțȋțȦ ȏȈȔȖȘȖȎȍȕȕțȦ ȉțȚȣȓȒț ȠȊȍȌ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȗțȕȠȈ ǷȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȈȧ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ ȖȚ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȏȈȉțȘȓȐȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑ ț ǶȓȈȜȈ ǽȥȘșȚȈ Ǵȣ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȐ
ȕȈȠț ȉȍșȍȌț ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȏȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȖȡȈȓșȧ ǽȥȘșȚ
ȜȈȔȐȓȤȧȘȕȖ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț


326
— ǷȖșȚȖȑȚȍ Ǫȣ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȔȖȦ ȌȖșȚȖȗȘȐȔȍ-
ȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ« ǸȈȕȌȖȓȤȜ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȡȍ
ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǰ Ȗȕ țȊȓȍȒ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȎȐȊȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈ
ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȐ Ȋ ȟȐȚȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓ ȉȈȕȒȍȚ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȍȔț ȗȖȏȈȊȐȌȖȊȈȓ
Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȠȓȐ ȔȐȔȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȝ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȒȕȐȎȕȣȝ ȠȒȈ-
ȜȖȊ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȖȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȌ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȓȈȔȗ ǹȌȍȓȈȊ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȖȑȌȧ ȘȧȌ ȏȈȓ Ȕȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȇ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȖ ǽȥȘșȚ
țȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ Ȋȏȧȓ Șțȟ-
ȕțȦ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞț Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȍ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȕȖȔț ȒȖșȧȒț ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ
Ȋȓȍȏ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȒȓȦȟ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ țȏȒȐȑ ȊȌȍ-
ȓȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ șȚȍȕț ȠȒȈȜȟȐȒ ǰȏ ȕȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ șȚȈȓ ȐȏȊȓȍ-
ȒȈȚȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȜȖȓȐȈȕȚ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȒȖȎț ȕȈ Ȏȍȓȍȏ-
ȕȣȝ ȏȈșȚȍȎȒȈȝ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȏȈȔȒȐ Ǵȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȍȔț
șȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȊȕȐȏ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ǶȗțșȚȐȊ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ Ȗȕ
ȕȍȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȖȟȒȐ Ȑ șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȚȐȘȈȧ ȘțȒȐ ȊȖș-
ȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
— ȇ ȗȖȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ șȍȑȟȈș ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȑ
***
ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ
ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȚȖ țȚȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȋȓȈȊȕȈȧ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤ
ȎȐȏȕȐ — ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȍȘȊȖ-
ȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȏȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ
ȏȔȍȑ ǹȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ-ȚȈȒȐ ȉȍȏțȟȈșȚ-
ȕȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧȔ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȗȈȓȍȖȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȑ ȚȖȔț
ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȕȈțȒ ǷȘȐȟȐȕȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȍȕȐȓȈșȤ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ȋ ȗȈ-
ȋțȉȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ — țȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȥȏȐȍȑ
ǰȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȎȐȊȣȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ Ȗȉ-
ȓȐȒȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȉȍȕȈȘȍșșȒȈȧ șȈ-
ȓȈȔȈȕȌȘȈ ǿȚȖ ȏȈ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȍ ȚȖȕȍȚ
Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȋȖȘȐȚ Ȋ Ȗȋȕȍ ȒȈȒ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȥȚȣ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ
Ȑ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ DzȈȒ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ șȚȈȚȤ șȈȓȈȔȈȕȌȘȖȑ ǴȖȧ ȗȖȥȔȈ Ȗ


327
șȈȓȈȔȈȕȌȘȍ« ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȍțȌȈȟȕȣȝ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȗȗȣ-
ȚȈȝ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȈ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȓȦ
ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ ǵȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ Ȑȏ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȐ
ȟȚȖ ©ȖȋȕȍȕȕȈȧ șȈȓȈȔȈȕȌȘȈª — ȓȎȐȊȈȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ Ȑ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ — ȧ șȚȈȓ ȗȐȚȈȚȤ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ Ȑ Ȓ șȚȘȈȝȖȊȖȔț
ȖȚ Ȗȋȕȧ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊț ©ǹȈȓȈȔȈȕȌȘȈª ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈșȚȘȈȝȖȊȈȕȖ ȔȖȍ
ȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ Ȓ ȗȖȥȚȈȔ Ȑ ș ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȍȔ ȖȚȕȖ-
ȠțșȤ Ȓ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȘȈȏȓțȟȐȊȠȍȑ
ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ǫȨȚȍ ȗȘȍȌȊȖșȝȐȚȐȓ ȐȌȍȐ ǬȈȘȊȐȕȈ" DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȗȉ-
ȔȈȕ ȖȉȔȈȕț ȘȖȏȕȤ DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȍ-
ȕȈȘȍșșȒȖȑ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȦȚ Ȋ ȗȧȚȤ ȒȘȈșȖȒ ȖȉȖȐ ș ȐȏȖȉȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȚțȏȍȔȕȣȝ ȐȌȖȓȖȊ Ȑ ȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȐȕȌțș ȗȖȒțȗȈȧ ȕțȎ-
ȕȣȑ ȍȔț ȒțșȖȒ ȖȉȏȈȊȖȌȐȚșȧ ȏȈ ȉȍȏȌȍȓȐȞț ȞȍȓȖȑ ȒȖȓȓȍȒ-
ȞȐȍȑ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȍȔȣȝ ȉȖȋȖȊ — ȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȔȈȕ ȌțȘȕȖȋȖ șȖȘȚȈ ǵȖ
ȔȖȧ ȉȍȕȈȘȍșșȒȈȧ șȈȓȈȔȈȕȌȘȈ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȖșțȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȧ
ǶȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȧ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȚȤ ǽȥȘșȚȈ ș ȟȘȍȏ-
ȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ șȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȣȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ǵȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈșșȍȧȓȖ ȔȖȍ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ ǹ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ
țȊȐȌȍȓ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȔ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȊȣȔȣșȓȖȔ Ȗȉȓȍ-
ȟȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȜȖȘȔț ȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ șțȝȖȋȖ ȕȈțȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ ș ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ«
ǵȖ șțȌȐȚȍ șȈȔȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǽȥȘșȚ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ȜȖȓȐȈȕȚ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȓȐșȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ
țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȕȈȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȉȈ
ȌȈȚȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȊȕȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȌȗȐșȐ ©DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǴȖȘȐșșȖȕ ș ȒȖ-
ȘȈȉȓȧ ÄǪȍȋȈ³ª ǪȊȍȘȝț ȓȐșȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȈ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍ-
șȒȈȧ ȠȐȘȖȚȈ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖȚȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖșȓȍ-
ȌțȦȡȐȝ ȓȐșȚȈȝ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȊȠȐȝ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȘȈȏȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȉȈ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț Ȑȏ-
ȘȍȌȒȈ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓȤȡȐȒ ȗȘȐȌȍȓȣȊȈȓ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒț Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȒȘȖȝȖȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȧȏȣȒȈ ȐȕȖȑ ȘȈȏ șȚȈȊȧ ȏȈȟȍȔ-ȚȖ șȚȖȓȉ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ǵȖ ȊșȒȖ-
Șȍ Ȋșȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȧȚȤșȧ ǵȈ șȍȌȤȔȖȔ — ȒȈȒ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȔȕȦ,
— ȓȐșȚȍ ȧșȕȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓȖșȤ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȍ ȕȍ șȚȖȓȉȈ Ȉ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȐșȗȖȓȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȍȊȐȌȕȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ
ȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȚț ȔȈȟȚȣ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊ-
ȕȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ȠȍȦ țȊȍȕȟȈȕȕțȦ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȖȑ șȚȘȍȓȖȊȐȌȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȗȈșȚȐșȤ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȔ Ǫ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ


328
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ș ȖșȍȚȘȖȔ ǷțȕȒȚȐȘȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȉȖȏ-
ȕȈȟȍȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȈ ȠȍȐ Ȑ ȘȈȌȐțș ȍȍ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȈ ǵȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȘȐșț-
ȕȖȒ ȊȕȐȏț ȓȐșȚȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȓ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȗȖȋȘț-
ȎȈȓȖ Ȋ ȊȖȌț șȊȖȍ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȍ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ
— ǵȍ Ȕȍȕȧȧ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐșșȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȍȉȧ ȊȖȌț ȕȈ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ — șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ǽȥȘșȚ
Ǵȣ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȐ ȓȐșȚ ȏȈ ȓȐșȚȖȔ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕ-
ȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȞȈȔȐ Ȋșȍ șȓțȟȈȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕȈȝ Ȑ ȔȖ-
Șȧȝ ș ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȔȍȍȔ ǷȖȟȚȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȓȐșȚ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȓ ȋȓțȉȐ-
ȕȣ DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȓȐșȚ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȕ ȐȕȖȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȌȗȐșȣȊȈȓȖșȤ
ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȓȐȉȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȕȍȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȘȣȉȈȒȈ șȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ șȊȖȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ǶȚ ȓȐșȚȈ Ȓ ȓȐșȚț ȖȉȘȈȏ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȧșȕȍȑ Ȑ ȧșȕȍȑ ǭșȓȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȈ-
ȊȈȓ ȊȐȌ ȖȉȡȐȑ — ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȓ ȌȍȚȈȓȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ
Ȋ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓ ȊȍșȤ ȏȊȍȘȤ ș șȊȖȍȑ ȖȒȘȈșȒȖȑ Ȋ șȖ-
șȚȖȧȕȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȧ Ȑ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȇ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ
ȔȍșȚȍ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȋȓȈșȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȏȔȍȑ ȗȓȈȊȈȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈ
ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ
ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȗț-
ȏȣȘȦ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȅȚȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗțȚȈȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȐ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ Țȍȝ ȘȣȉȈȝ-ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȎȐȊțȚ ȕȈ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈȝ ȋȌȍ ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȌȧȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȉȈ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȉȣ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșȗȓȦȡȐȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȋ șȚȍȉȍȓȤ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȐ ȕȍ
ȉțȌȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ǽȥȘșȚ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȓ ȓȐșȚ ȏȈ ȓȐșȚȖȔ
ǺȍȓȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ șȎȈȚȖȍ ș ȉȖȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȟȍȠțȐ
ǽȊȖșȚ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȊȍșȓȖ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȍȉȘȖȔ ǫȓȈȏȈ ș
ȒȘțȋȓȣȔȐ ȏȘȈȟȒȈȔȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȟțȚȤ ȊȊȍȘȝ ǬȖȉȣȟȈ ȋȓȖȚȈȓȈșȤ
ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȋȓȖȚȒȐ ȘȈȏȌț-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ
— ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ" — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ȧ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȖȟȒȐ ȕȈ ȓȖȉ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖ-
șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ — Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ șȖșȚȘȈ-
ȌȈȕȐȍȔ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȓȐșȚ ȜȖȓȐȈȕȚȈ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓ șȊȖȌȒț Ȋșȍȝ ȖȗȐșȈ-
ȕȐȑ Ȑ ȘȐșțȕȒȖȊ ȅȚȖȚ ȖȉȡȐȑ ȘȐșțȕȖȒ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȒȖȗȐȍȑ


329
ȌȖȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘȐșțȕȒȈ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ ȋȘȖȚȈ
Ǫ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ țȚȘȈ ȧ ȌȈȓ ȌȍȗȍȠț
©ǹȘȖȟȕȖ dzȖȕȌȖȕ ȅȒșȗȖȘȚ-ȉȈȕȒ ǻȖȓȠț ǵȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ȊȣȍȏȎȈȑȚȍ ǹȚȖȒȋȖȓȤȔ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȕȈȑȌȍȕª
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȐ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȅȒșȗȖȘȚ-ȉȈȕ-
ȒȈ ȕȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȑ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȇ țȚȍȠȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȔȣșȓȤȦ
ȟȚȖ ©ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª ȔȖȋ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȍȌȤ Ȑ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ
DzȈȒ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǻȖȓȠ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ ȇ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȔȈȕȍȘȍ
ȊȍșȚȐ ȌȍȓȈ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȉȣȓ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȌȍȓȖȔ
ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȒȈ ȔțȒȐ ȕȈ ǬȈȕȞȐȋ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓ
șȊȖȐȔ ȊȣȏȖȊȖȔ
— DzȚȖ ȋȌȍ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ"
ȇ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ
— ȇ ȌȈȔ ȊȈȠȍȔț ǽȥȘșȚț șȍȔȤ Țȣșȧȟ ȊȖșȍȔȤșȖȚ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ
ǩȖȓȤȠȍȑ șțȔȔȖȑ ȒȘȍȌȐȚȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȍ ȔȖȋț DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȚșȧ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȧ ȊȖȏȔȍȡț Ȋșȍ ȘȈșȝȖȌȣ ȅȚȖ —
ȟȈșȚȤ șțȔȔȣ țȎȍ ȔȕȖȑ ȈșșȐȋȕȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȗȘȍȔȐȐ
ȚȖȔț țȟȍȕȖȔț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖȒȈȎȍȚ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ
ȏȔȍȧ ǴȖȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȧ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ
ȖȚȒȓȐȒȈ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȍȓȍȕ
ȇ țȍȝȈȓ Ȑȏ ǹȚȖȒȋȖȓȤȔȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ǻȖȓȠ ȚȈȔ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓ-
șȧ ǵȍ ȔȖȋț Ȋ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȐ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȈ-
ȕȧȚ ǯȕȈȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ș ǽȥȘ-
șȚȖȔ ǶȕȐ ȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȘȖȚȍ Ȑ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȣȝ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȐșȈȓȐ« ȇ ȗȘȖșȚȐȓșȧ ș ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȈȊ-
ȋțșȚȈ Ȉ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ ȕȖȧȉȘȧ Ȗȕ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȐȏȊȍȡȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ©ǯȈ-
ȡȐȚȐȓ ȌȐșșȍȘȚȈȞȐȦ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ ǷȖȏȌȘȈȊȤȚȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȖȔ
ȗȈȓȍȖȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐª
ǵȖȓȓȐ țȏȕȈȓȈ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ
ȜȐȕȈȓȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȇ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ǻȖȓȠ ȍȑ
Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ
ȇ șȈȔ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ǵȖȓȓȐ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǻȖȓȠȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȌȐșșȍȘȚȈȞȐȦ
ȖȚȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕțȦ Ȋ ©ǰȏȊȍșȚȐȧȝ ǹȚȖȒȋȖȓȤȔșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈª
ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȍȔț ȉȣȓ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ


330
ǫȕȍȊȕȈȧ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȖȏȔțȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȖȕȈ
ȕȈȖȚȘȍȏ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȟȚȍȕȐȧ ©ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȊȏȌȖȘȈª Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȔȖȐ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȣȍ ȗȘȖșȤȉȣ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȏȈșȚȈ-
ȊȐȓȐ ȍȍ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ
Ǫ ȗȐșȤȔȍ ǻȖȓȠ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ Ȑ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȓ
ȕȈș șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȧȝȚȍ ©ȅȒ-
ȓȐȗșª Ƕȕ ȗȐșȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚșȧ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȚȘȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
șȌȍȓȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȐ-
ȓțȟȠȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ǵȍ șȒȘȖȦ ȟȚȖ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȘȍȠȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈșȐȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȕțȌȐȓ ǵȖȓȓȐ
ȌȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ șȖȋȓȈșȐȍ ǶȕȈ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȗȘȧȔȐȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ
ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ șȍȏȖȕ ǵȖ ȒȖȕȚȘȈȒȚ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȕ«
ǹȓȖȊȖȔ Ȕȣ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ǻȖȓȠț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȍȌȍȔ
Ǩȝ ȥȚȐ ȕȍȏȈȉȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȕȈ ©ȅȒȓȐȗșȍª
ǻȖȓȠ șȌȍȘȎȈȓ șȓȖȊȖ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖșȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ǵȈ
©ȅȒȓȐȗșȍª ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȧ șȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȍ
ȐȔ Ȗ șȈȔȖȔ șȍȉȍ ©ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ șȍȉȧ șȊȐȕȤȍȑ Ȑȏ șȚȈȌȈ ȅȗȐ-
ȒțȘȈª Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȍ ȕȍȚ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȖșțȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ
Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ șȊȐȕȤȧ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȖȌȖȊȐȚȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ.
ȇ ȍȓ ȗȐȓ șȗȈȓ Ȑ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȖ ǬȈ ǰȘȖ-
ȕȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȍ ǾȐȞȍȘȖȕȈ ȕȈșȟȍȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȉțȌȚȖ șȊȐȕȤȧ șȗȖșȖȉȕȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ©ǨȕȌȘȖȔȈȝțª ȍș-
ȓȐ ȖȕȈ șȗȖșȖȉȕȈ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȧ ȘȣȓȖȔ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȐȚȤ ȉțȒȊț
Ǩ — ȗȖȋȈȠȍȕȖ ǴȈȘȒșȖȔ
ǵȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ©ǬȈȎȍ șȓȍȗȈȧ șȊȐȕȤȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈȑȚȐ Ȏȍ-
ȓțȌȤª" ȇ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȊȖȑ ȎȍȓțȌȤ ȕȈ ©ȅȒȓȐȗșȍª ǿȚȖ Ȏ $ FKDFXQ
VD SDUW ǯȘȧȟȐȑ Ȗșȍȓ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȎȍȓțȌȧ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ Ǭȓȧ Șȍ-
ȗțȚȈȞȐȐ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ
Ǫșȍ ȠȓȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȌȖ ǼȐȓȐȗȗȐȕ ǵȖȓȓȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈȉȣȓȈ
ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ǻȖȓȠ Ȋȏȧȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș
ȕȍ ȖȉȐȎȍȕ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ǵȖȓȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȟȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȐșșȍȘȚȈ-
ȞȐȦ — șțȝȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǵȖȓȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ Ȗ ȎȐȊȖȔ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ — Ȗ ȕȍȔ Ȋ
ȔȖȍȑ ȌȐșșȍȘȚȈȞȐȐ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȋȘȈȓ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ
ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ǻȖȓȠ Ǭȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȍȓȖȔ


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Ǫ șȓțȟȈȍ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȈ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȈ
ǹȔȍȠȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȗȈșȚȐ Ȋ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȕȣ ȍȎȍȔȐȕțȚȕȖ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȓȐ ȖȟțȚȐȚȤșȧ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓȈ
ȕȈș Ȋ ȚȘȍȗȍȚ ȇ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȑȖȋ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ Ȑȝ
ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȣȊȈȚȤ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȍ ȚȐȉȍȚȍȞ
— ț Țȍȝ ȍșȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ șȊȖȑ ȉȖȋ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ
ȊȣȘțȟȈȦȡȐȑ Ȑȝ Ȑȏ ȉȍȌȣ
ǻȖȓȠ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț șȚȖȧȓ ȕȍȊȖȏȔțȚȐȔȖ ȏȈȓȖȎȐȊ ȘțȒȐ
ȏȈ șȗȐȕț ǪȍșȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȘȍȏȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȐȡȍȚ șȓțȟȈȧ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ ȗȖȌ
ȍȍ țȌȈȘȣ DzȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȚ-
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȈșȤ
ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȉȖȘȚț ǹȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ
Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȕȈ ȧȝȚȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȘțȎȐȧ
ǵȖȓȓȐ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȗȖȊȐșȓȈ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ǻȖȓȠȈ ȗȘȐȎȈȊȠȐșȤ
Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȊșȍȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȐȡȈ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ ț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȕțȔȍȕ-
ȚȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȉȍșșȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ Ƕȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒț șȓȖȊȕȖ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȧ ȓȦȉȐȔțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȖȚ ȧȘȖ-
șȚȐ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȊȠȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȐȓȐȡȈ
ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖșȍȌȍȓ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȌȈȊ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȓ șȍȌȣȔ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǵȖȓȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȏȔȍȑ ȖȚȗȓȣȓ ȖȚ
ȕȈș ȕȈ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
— ǵȖȓȓȐ Ǫȣ șȍȑȟȈș șȗțșȚȐȚȍșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚț Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȕȍȚȍ ȊȈȠ
ȒțȗȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ Ǫȣ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ" ǪȈȠ ȒțȗȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȖș-
ȚȦȔ ȅȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ Ǫșȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ
ǵȖȓȓȐ ȉȖȧȏȓȐȊȖ ȖȋȓȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȐȏȔȍȘȐȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȘȈșșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȍ ȌȖ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚȣ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǻȖȓȠț
— ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ ȉȍȏ ȊȈș
— ǵȍ ȉȖȑȚȍșȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ȎȐȊ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț
Ȏȍ ȧ ǵȖȓȓȐ«
ǫȓȈȏȈ ǻȖȓȠȈ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ț ȊȖȓȒȈ ȏȈȋȕȈȕȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȈȒȈ-
ȔȐǵȍ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȊȠȈȧ Ȑ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ șȚȈȊȠȈȧ
ȍȡȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ ǵȖȓȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ
ǶȕȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ǬțȔȈȦ
ȥȚȖ — ȘȍȒȖȘȌ Ȍȓȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ


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ǩȍȌȕȈȧ ǵȖȓȓȐ ȇ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ ȍȍ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ
ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȓȐȠȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊȖȓȐ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȡȈ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ
șȊȖȍȔ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȖȉȚȧȕțȚȖȔ ȚȘȐȒȖ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗ-
ȓȍȕȈ ȗȣȠȕȈȧ ȎȍȓȚȈȧ ȦȉȒȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȈȧ ȍȑ ȌȖ ȒȖȓȍȕ ǭȍ
ȗȖȌȒȈȠȐȊȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȕȖȋȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ ȒȈȒ șȚȍȉȍȓȤ Ȋȣ-
ȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑȏ ȟȈȠȍȟȒȐ ȘȍȟȕȖȑ ȓȐȓȐȐ
ǹȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ǻȖȓȠ ȉȘȖșȐȓ șȓȖȊȈ
— ǰȓȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȐȓȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ«
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ǵȖȓȓȐ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȗȖ-ȔȖȍȔț ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȊȈș ȟȍȔ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȊȌȘțȋ ǻȖȓȠ ǰ
ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ
ǵȖȓȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȘȐșȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȐ ȖȚ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ
— ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȖȔ — ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ ȝȓȈȌȕȖ-
ȒȘȖȊȕȖ ȖȉȔȈȝȐȊȈȧșȤ ȕȖșȖȊȣȔ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ
ǶȕȈ ȗȣȚȈȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȖșȤ Ȓ ©ȅȒ-
ȓȐȗșțª
ǽȖȚȧ ȧ ȊȍșȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ șȓțȝ ȔȖȑ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ
țȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȓ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ
— ǿȈȘȓȐ ȇ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȉȖȦșȤ ǴȐȓȣȑ ǿȈȘȓȐ ǹȗȈșȐȚȍ
Ȕȍȕȧ«
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȈ ȐȔȧ ǻȖȓȠȈ ș ȓȈșȒȖȑ Ȑ ș ȕȍȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ
ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȉȊȐȊ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȠȍȦ
ǻȖȓȠ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȉȍȌȕȧȎȒȖȑ
ǷȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖ-ȊȐ-
ȌȐȔȖȔț ȘȍȠȐȓ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȈș ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȎȐȊȤȍȔ Ȗȕ ȎȍșȚȒȖ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ
— Ǫȣ ȟțȌȍșȕȖ ȊȍȌȍȚȍ șȍȉȧ ǵȖȓȓȐ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ
ȇ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȍȓ ȉȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐșȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ
Ǫ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȏȊțȟȈȓȈ ȧȊȕȈȧ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȈ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȏȔțȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȠȈȋ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ
Ȓ ǻȖȓȠț ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȕȈ ȖșȣȗȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȓȍ-
ȎȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ
— ǿȈȘȓȐ Ǫȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ
ǿȈȘȓȐ ȧ ȉțȌț ȊȈȔ ȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȗȈșȐ-
Țȍ Ȕȍȕȧ«


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ǻȖȓȠ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȖȚ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ Ȗȉȍ ȘțȒȐ ǵȖȓȓȐ
ȗȖȚȍȘȧȊ ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȍ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ țȗȈȓȈ ȕȈ șȊȍȘȕțȚȣȍ ȒȈȕȈȚȣ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐșȤ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȔȍșȚȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ — ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȐșȗȈȕȒȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȉȣ șȊȖȍ ȕȈȌȔȍȕȕȖȍ ©FRUD]RQ GH PRQ-
WHșȈª — ©șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑȏ șȓȐȊȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȔȈșȓȈª ǵȖ ȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȐșȗȈȕ-
ȒȈ ș ȍȍ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȘȐȌȍ ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖ ȔȖȍ
șȍȘȌȞȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȔȈșȓȖ ȘȈșȚȈȧȊȠȍȍ ȔȈș-
ȓȖ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȥȚț șȞȍȕț ȒȘȈȍȔ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȧ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȉȍș-
ȕȖȊȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȧȝȚȣ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȕȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȔ șȗȐȕȖȑ Ȑ șȚȖȓȤ Ȏȍ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȔȟȈȓșȧ ȊȌȈȓȤ.
ǪșȒȖȘȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȣȚ"
ǻȖȓȠ ȖȚȕȍș ǵȖȓȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚț ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȍȏ-
ȘȖȗȖȚȕȖ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚșȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȣȚȤ șȢȍȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȔȍȍȔ
ȓȐȠȤ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ Ƕȕ țȠȍȓ ȕȈ
ȒȖȘȔț Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȏȈșțȕțȊ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȣ șȚȈȓ ȕȈșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȚȤ
©ǬȎȖȕȕȐ — ȋȖȘȧȟȐȍ ȓȈȌȖȕȐª
ǩȈȑȘȖȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȉȍșȗȖȒȖȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȐȓȐ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȇ ȔȖȋț Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚȤ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ — ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȏȍȔȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȧ șȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȔȍ-
ȘȧȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ
ǪȣȕțȊ ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț — Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ țȟȍ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ — ȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈȉȘȈșȣȊȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ
ǽȥȘșȚȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȏȔȍȧ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȣ ȇ ȚȈȒ ȗȖ-
ȋȘțȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȔȖȍ ȗȓȍȟȖ
ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȘțȒȈ ǻȖȓȠȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖș ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓ ȕȈȌ șȈȔȣȔ
țȝȖȔ
— Ǫȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȐȌȐȖȚ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȧ ȕȐ ȓȦȉȐȓ ǵȖȓ-
ȓȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ȗȧȚȤ-
ȌȍșȧȚ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȌȍȓȈ ǰ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ ȥȚȐȔ
ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȔ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȔȍȍȔ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȊȖȉȖȌȍȕ«
ǷȖȏȌȘȈȊȤȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ǹ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ǵȖȓȓȐ — ȔȖȧ ȕȍȊȍș-
ȚȈ ǹ ȖȗȈșȒȖȑ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ ȧ șȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒț Ǫ
ȔȖȍȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓȖșȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȋȖȘȍȟȐ ȕȖ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȋȓțȠȐȓ


ɑ Ⱦ Ƚɢɛɫɨɧ ©ɇɟɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɡɦɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɨ
ɩɨɫɟɳɚɟɬ ɧɚɲ ɛɟɪɟɝª ɨɬɤɪɵɬɤɚ 1900)


ǿȓȞȑȓȗ ǸȜșȏȎȟȪȓȐ
ǶǻȀdzǾǰȊȌ Ǽ ǺǼǾǿǸǼǺ ǵǺdzdz
(1930)


342
— ǩțȝȚȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȘțȋȓȈȧ ș țȏȒȐȔ ȊȝȖȌȖȔ Ǫ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ-ȚȘȐȌ-
ȞȈȚȐ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ — șȗȓȖȠȕȖȑ ȓȍș ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ"
ȇ șȖȋȓȈȠȈȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚ
— Ǵȣ șȚȖȐȔ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȉțȝȚț ǵȈș
— ȗȧȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈ ȕȖ ȖȚȕȦȌȤ ȕȍ șȒȓȖȕ-
ȕȣȝ Ȓ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȧȔ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ
ȓȍȊȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ-
ȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȉȈ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌ țȋȓȖȔ Ȋ șȖȘȖȒ ȗȧȚȤ ȋȘȈȌțșȖȊ.
ǵȈ ȒȖȕȞȍ Ȗȕ șȕȈȉȎȍȕ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȕȈȉȈȓȌȈȠȕȐȒȖȔ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȖȑ Ƕȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȚșȧ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȚȖ-
Șȣ-ȌȊȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ ȏȈ ȓȍșȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȑ ȒȖșȣ
ǪȖȚ Ȋșȍ« ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ"
ȅȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȏȊțȟȐȚ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȍ
— ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ — țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȦ ȧ — ǪȗȖȓȕȍ ȖȚȟȍȚ-
ȓȐȊȖ ȕȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȝȍȔȈȚȐȟȕȖ ǬȈȊȈȑ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ DzȈȒȖȋȖ
Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȞȊȍȚȈ" DzȈȒȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ"
— ǷȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ șȖȊșȍȔ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȔ.
ǾȊȍȚ ȚțșȒȓȖ-șȍȘȣȑ Ȉ ȕȈșȟȍȚ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȚȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȉțȌț ǸȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȌȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȋȈȌȈȚȤ ǫȈȌȈȓȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖ-ȘȈȏȕȖȔț ǴȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȊțȝșȚȈȝ ȜțȚȈȝ ȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȊȖșȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ȕȍ șȖȋ-
ȓȈȠȈȓșȧ« ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ǵȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ
— ǭȡȍ ȉȣ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ — șȖȋȓȈȠȈȦșȤ ȧ — ǷȍȘȍȚȘțșȐȓȐ"
Ƕȕ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȍȚ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȘȖȟȐȚȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȒțȘȐȊȈȍȚ
ȚȘțȉȒț
— Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ
ȉȣȓ ȊȣȠȍ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȔ ǴȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ Ȑșȟȍȏ.
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ« ȅȚȖ Ȋșȍ ǪȘȈȚȤ ȕȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ« ǪȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȍȡȍ — ǰ ȗȖȐșȒȈȊ ș ȟȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ —
ȇ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ǹȚȖȒȋȖȓȤȔȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ"
ǷȘȐ ȚȈȔȖȠȕȍȔ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȔ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȍ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȒȐȑ ȒȈ-
ȗȐȚȈȕ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȘȈȕȋȈ ǯȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ ǬȍȓȈȘȖȠ ȕȍ ȚȖ ǬȍȓȈ-
ȒȘțȈ Ȑ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȕȖȕȍȘȒȖȑ Ȋ ǹȈȑȋȖȕȍ
ǺȈȔ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ș ȊȐȌț ȚȈȒȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ
ȔȖȑ ǻȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȍ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȍșȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȕȍ șȔȖȋ DzȖȔȈȕȌȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȉȣȓȈ
ȚțȏȍȔȕȈȧ ǭȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȣ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȧȚ ȒȓȐȔȈȚȈ ǬȖȝȕțȚ ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ
ȥȚȈ șȈȔȈȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȈȓȈ Ǫ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ șȖșȚȈȊȍ ȗȖȓȍȋȓȈ


343
ȕȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȣ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȓȈ ǯȔȍȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȐȝȕȐȔ
ȉȖȋȖȔ
ȇ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȓȍȕ ǷȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȖȕȟȈȦȚșȧ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȔ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏ ȏȔȍȧ ȗȘȐșȚȘȍȓȐȓ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȝȖȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒțșȖȒ ȍȋȖ ȠȒțȘȣ ǵțȎȕȖ ȌȈȚȤ
ȏȔȍȦ țȑȚȐ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȚȤ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȒȈȕȖȕȍȘ-
Ȓț Ȑ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȗȘȐȌțȔȣȊȈȍȚșȧ.
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȍȠȤ — țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ — ǷȘȐȌțȔȈȚȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȟȚȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ
ȗȘȐȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ« ǹȍȘȋȍȧ ǯȈȝȈȘȣȟȈ ȗȖȔȕȐȠȤ"
ǷȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǯȈȝȈȘȖȊȐȟ ǩ ȉȣȓ șȈȔȣȔ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȘ-
ȕȣȔ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȘȖșșȐȑșȒȐȝ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȊ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ǺȈȒȖȋȖ
ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
Ƕȕ ȗȓȈȊȈȓ ȊȈȝȚȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ ȕȈ ©ǵȈȊȈȘȐȕȍª Ȑ ȖȌ-
ȕȈȎȌȣ Ȋ ǺȐȝȖȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ șȕȈȘțȎȐ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ șȘȈȏț ȗȖșȓȍ țȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȍȑ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȒȐ șȗȘȈȊȈ ȗȖ ȕȖșț țȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ǵȍ ȚȖ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȍ ȕȐȎȍ ȚȘțȉ
ǹȘȖȟȕȖ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȊȣșȚȘȍ-
ȓȐȚȤ Ȋ ȏȔȍȧ Ȑȏ ȗțȠȒȐ DzȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȏȊȈȓȐ
— ȕȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ©ǵȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȠț — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
șȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȚȘȈȚȐȚȤ Ȉ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ — ȕț ȍȋȖ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔ ȟȍȘȚȧȔ ǭȡȍ
ȗȖȓȍȏȍȚ ȕȈ ȉȘȖȕȍȕȖșȍȞª« ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȏȔȍȧ« ǰ ȔȍȎȌț
ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ǹȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ȗȖ ȕȍȔț Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍ-
ȓȍ ȕȍ Ȓ ȟȍȔț Ƕȕ șȈȔ ȐȏȌȣȝȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋșȍ
ȘȈȊȕȖ ȚȖȕȍȚ
— ǮȐȏȕȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȐ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ" — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȧ — ǵȍ-
ȐȏȌȈȕȕȖȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ ǩȘȍȔȈ"
— ǵȍȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ Ȗȕ — ǹȓțȠȈȑ ǭșȚȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ-ȠȊȍȌ ǻȟȍȕȣȑ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ Ȋ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȍ ǻȗșȈȓȤ-
șȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ ȇ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ǹȚȖȒȋȖȓȤ-
Ȕȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț Ȗ ȏȔȍȍ ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ Ȗȕ
ȏȈȧȊȐȓșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȖȔ ǺȖȚ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȏȈȗȐșȈȓ
ȔȖȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȈȓȤȉȖȔ ©ǺȈȒȖȑ"ª — șȗȘȈȠȐ-
ȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ șȍȘȐȦ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȖȊ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ« ǷȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ
ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠȕȣȍ ȒȖȕȚțȘȣ
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȈ Ȑȕȣȝ ȏȈȘȐșȖȊȒȈȝ ȏȔȍȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȘȈșȠȐ-
ȘȧȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ƞȍȧ ȒȖȕȟȈȍȚșȧ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ« ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ
ȒȈȘȚț ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȣ ȔȍșȚȈ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓșȧ ȏȔȍȑ —


344
Ȋșȍ ț ǯȖȕȌșȒȖȋȖ ȈȘȝȐȗȍȓȈȋȈ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ ǨȓȍțȚșȒȐȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ
ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ" ǵȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ" Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖ — Ȋțȓ-
ȒȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ǯȔȍȑ — ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȐșȒȓȦ-
ȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
Ȋ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȐȏȊȍȘȎȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȊȣȉȘȈșȣȊȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ǶȚ ȘȍȏȒȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȣ ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ
Ȗȕ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȖȝȕȍȚ Ȉ ȗȖȌȖȝȕțȊ șȘȈȏț ȚȖȕȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Țȍ-
ȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȓȖȚȕȖșȚȤ
— ǩȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔȕȖ ȚȖȕțȡȍȍ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
— ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȧ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚ
— ǯȖȖȓȖȋ ȥȚȐȔ ȏȔȍȍȔ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȊșȍȘȤȍȏ ȕȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ
ȗȖșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȚțȋȖ Ǫ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȏȔȍȧ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȈȡȍ
— dzȦȌȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȐșȗȖȘȟȍȕȣ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ Ȋȍ-
ȘȐȓȐ Ȋ ȉȖȋȈ Ȑ ȏȔȍȧ ǺȈȒ"
Ƕȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ǷȘȖȡȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȈȘțșȕȐȒȖȊ
— ǹȒțȟȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȍ" ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȘȖȔȈ"
— ǴȍșȚȈ ȕȈȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȏȔȍȧ ȓȍȎȈȚ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȖȚ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ-
ȕȣȝ ȓȐȕȐȑ Ȉ ȗȈȘțșȕȐȒȐ ȠȈȚȈȦȚșȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȗȖȊșȦ-
Ȍț« Ƕȕ ȟȐȚȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȞȍȊ ǭșȓȐ
țȉȘȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȒȘȈșȣ Ȑ țȎȈșȣ ȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ
ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ șȓȍȗȖȑ ȐȕȖȑ ȘȈȏ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚșȧ
ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȣ
— ǮȈȓȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȈȔ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȎȈȓȤ« ǯȊȍȘȤ Ȉ ȕȍ ȏȔȍȑ ȇ ȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓșȧ ȕȍ șȓț-
ȟȈȑȕȖ ǯȖȖȓȖȋ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȗȘȐȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ țȘȖȊȕȍ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȓȍ-
ȟȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔȐ ǰȕȈȟȍ Ƞȍȧ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ
ȉȣ ȚȈȒ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȚȖȘȟȈȚȤ ȕȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȉȣ ȗȖȌ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȒȘțȚȣȔ țȋ-
ȓȖȔ ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȏȊȍȘȤ ș ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍȔ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȏȔȍȍȊȐȌȕȖȑ Ƞȍȍȑ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘȈ ǹȓȍ-
ȗȖȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ
ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ
ȇ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ
— DzȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȊȈș ȕȈȟȐȚȈȓșȧ DzȐȗȓȐȕȋȈ — Țȣ ȐȓȐ ȚȊȖȑ ȏȖȖ-
ȓȖȋ DzȈȒ ȘȈȏ ț DzȐȗȓȐȕȋȈ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȏȔȍȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȣ ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊ-
ȘȈȔȐ Ȑ șȓȍȗȣȔȐ ȊȣȉȘȈșȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ
ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȔ ȊțȓȒȈȕȖȔ Ȑ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȌȖȝȕțȚ


ǾȎșȪȢ ǯȎțȒȖțȖ
ȍ ǰǶDzdzǹ ǺǼǾǿǸǼdz ȅȁDzǼǰǶȇdz
(1934)


348
DzȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȊȈș ȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ" ǵȍȚ" ǶȚ-
ȓȐȟȕȖ — Ȉ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ȅȚȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȍȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȐ-
ȊȖ ȇ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ șȖȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ șȖȋȓȈșțȍȚșȧ ș ȕȈțȒȖȑ ȇ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖ șȒȈȎțȚ șȒȍȗȚȐȒȐ ǰ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ
ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ — Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ
Ǫ ȕȈȠȐ ȌȕȐ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ șȚȈȓȐ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȧȏȣȒȍ
ȋȈȏȍȚȟȐȒȖȊ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ©ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȕȖȊȖșȚȤȦª ǷȖȟȚȐ ȒȈȎȌțȦ
ȕȍȌȍȓȦ Ȋ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȣȝ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ Ȋ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȝ
Ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈȝ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ
Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȖȔ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȕȕȖȔ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ
ǴȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȟțȌȐȡȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈȝ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ǵȈ
ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ șȖȚȍȕ ȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ Țȣșȧȟ ȓȍȚ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ ȗȘȐȊȖȏȐȓȐ
ȌȖȔȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȧȝ — ȕȖ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ-
șȔȍȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ǻȟȍȕȣȍ ș ȗȖȓȕȖȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖșȚȤȦ ȏȈȧȊȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȕȍȚ ǻ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȍțȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȈȧ
țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ Ǵȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȒȈȒȐȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ
Ȑ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȍ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȎȐȏȕȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȍȑ ǯȍȔ-
ȓȍ, Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȐȘ ȉȣȓ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȓȖȌ ǩȍȏțș-
ȓȖȊȕȖ șțȝȖȗțȚȕȣȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȊȣȔȍȘȓȐ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȦ-
ȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȑ ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȑ Țȍ Ȏȍ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȣ
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȝ ǵȍ
ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ țȎ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊ ȊȣȎȐȓȐ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚ ȔȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȍșȚȤ șȍȘȤȍȏ-
ȕȣȍ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȘȍȏȖȕȣ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ
DzȈȒ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȜȈȒȚ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȜȈȒȚȖȔ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȐȕȚȘȐȋțȦȡȐȍ șȓțȟȈȐ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȊȕȍȏȈȗ-
ȕȣȑ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚ
Ǫ dzȖȝ-ǵȍșșȍ ȀȖȚȓȈȕȌȐȧ
 ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȏȔȍȍȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ șȖȏȌȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȚȈ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ
ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȝ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǭșȚȤ ȗȈȘȖȟȒȈ ș ȐȔȍȕȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȒȕȐȋ
dzțȐȏȣ ǶȓȒȖȚȚ — ȖȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȘȍȏȊȧȚșȧ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ț ȗȘȖȓȐȊȈ ǽțȈȕ-
Ȍȍ-ǼțȒȈ Ǫ ȖȏȍȘȍ ǶȒȈȕȈȋȈȕ Ȋ ǩȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȑ DzȖȓțȔȉȐȐ ȎȐȊȍȚ
ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍȘȧȚ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ
ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȦȚ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȓȦȉȖȔț ȒȚȖ ȏȈȑȔȍȚșȧ ȗȖȐȔȒȖȑ șțȡȍșȚ-


349
ȊȈ Ȋ Ȟȍȓȧȝ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈțȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ǰȏ ǨȒȈȗțȓȤȒȖ ȌȖ
ȕȈș ȌȖȠȍȓ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ȗ șȓȍȌȈȝ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȍȝ-
ȗȈȓȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȣȠȓȖ Ȑȏ ȔȖȘȧ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȚțȌȈ
Ȏȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȐȓȐȊȖȔ Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȊȖȔ Ȗ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȊȗȈȌȐȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȓȖȟȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȉȖȟȒȖȖȉȘȈȏ-
ȕȖȑ ȧȔȍ ȊȖ ȊȓȈȎȕȖȔ ȗȍșȒȍ — Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȊȈȓȧ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȒȈȚȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ș ȉȖȒț ȕȈ ȉȖȒ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȥȚȐ șȓȍȌȣ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ȓȋȈȚȤ
ǪȗȖȓȕȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȏȔȍȐ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȕȈȔ șȖȖȉȡȈȦȚ — ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦ Ȋ ȊȐȌț Țȍȝ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȍȕȣ
ȊȣȠȍ — ȥȚȖ ȟȐșȚȍȑȠȍȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȊȣȌțȔȒȐ ǬȘțȋȐȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ
ȖȉȔȈȕȖȔ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȓȍȚȧȡȈȧ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȐ-
ȏȖȕȚȖȔ șȚȈȧ ȗȚȐȞ ȐȓȐ ȗȓȈȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȔȖȘȧ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȦȚșȧ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ șȈȔȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ
 ȔȖ-
ȋțȚ ȗȘȐ șȓȈȉȖȔ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȐ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦ-
ȡȍȋȖșȧ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȐȍȔ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ
Ǫșȍ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȣȍ ȊȣȠȍ ȏȊȍȘȐ ȏȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȑȏ ǨȒȈȗțȓȤȒȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍș-
șȍ ǵȖ ȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȖ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȔȈȓȖ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȐșȈȓȐ ȅȚȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȍ ǹțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ©ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍȔ Ȑȏ ǹȈȕ-DzȓȍȔȍȕȚȍª — Ȑ
ȖȕȖ Ȑ ȊȗȘȈȊȌț ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȇ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ
Ȑ ȏȕȈȦ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
ǶșȚȘȖȊ ǹȈȕ-DzȓȍȔȍȕȚȍ — ȗțșȚȣȕȕȈȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȊșȍȔ ȊȍȚ-
ȘȈȔ ȋȖȘșȚȒȈ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ Ȑ ȗȍșȒȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ Ȋ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȔȐȓȧȝ Ȓ
Ȧȋț ȖȚ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ dzȖș-ǨȕȌȎȍȓȍșȈ ǺȈȔ ȔȈȓȖ ȒȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȒȘȖȔȍ
ȘȣȉȈȒȖȊ ǶȒȘȍșȚȕȣȍ ȊȖȌȣ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȣ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȗȖ ȞȍȓȣȔ ȌȕȧȔ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ǹțȡȍșȚȊț ȒȈȒ
ȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȥȚȖȚ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȑȖȕ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȚ-
Șȍȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȓȐȊ ȔȍȎȌț ǹȈȕ-DzȓȍȔȍȕȚȍ Ȑ ǹȈȕȚȈ-DzȈȚȈȓȐȕȖȑ
ǺȘțȌȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȗ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ ȎȐȚȍȓȍ ȚȈȒ
ȔȈȓȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ Ȋ șȒȓȖȕȕȖȑ Ȓ ©ȗȈȉȓȐșȐȚȐª Ȑ ȠțȔȐȝȍ ȆȎ-
ȕȖȑ DzȈȓȐȜȖȘȕȐȐ ǪȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ — ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ — Ȑ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȐȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȘȍȗțȚȈȞȐȦ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȉȍȏțȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȖ ȟȍșȚȕȣȝ.
ǩȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ Țȍȟȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȥȚȈ


350
șȒțȌȖșȚȤ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔ ǹțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȍ ȕȍ-
ȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȔȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȏȌȘȈȊȖȔȣșȓȧȡȐȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȗȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȍȕ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ǹȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ǹț-
ȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȐ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȍ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ǶȕȐ ȏȕȈȦȚ
ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǰ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȈȠț
ȌȘțȎȉț ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȕȍȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ Ȗ ǹț-
ȡȍșȚȊȍ ȌȈȎȍ Ȕȕȍ ǭșȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ DzȖȋȌȈ
Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ ȒȖȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ țȊȐȌȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ Ȕȣ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖ ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓȐ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ — Ȑ
ȘȐșțȕȒȐ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȧ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȑ Ȋ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȐ,
ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȓȐ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ
dzȍȚ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ ǨȊȈȓȖȕȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ
ȝȖȌȐȚȤ șȓțȝȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȍ DzȓȍȔȍȕȚȍ ȖȉȐȚȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖȍ ǩȣȓȐ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȣȍ ȕȈȔȍȒȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ ȒȖ-
ȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȖȍ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ ȔȖȘȧ ǹȓțȝȐ
ȉȣȓȐ ȋȓțȝȐȍ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȐ Ȑȝ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ǵȐ ȖȌȐȕ
Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ ȧȒȖȉȣ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȊȈȓșȧ
ǵȖ șȓțȝȐ ȕȍ țȚȐȝȈȓȐ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȈȔȈ Ȑȝ țȒȓȖȕȟȐȊȖșȚȤ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȓțȝȈȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȍȘȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ
Ǫ Țȍ ȌȕȐ ȧ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȈȔ ȆȎȕȖȑ DzȈȓȐȜȖȘ-
ȕȐȐ ȋȌȍ ȓȖȊȐȓ ȚțȕȞȈ Ȑ Ȕȍȟ-Șȣȉț ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗ ǹț-
ȡȍșȚȊȍ ȇ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȍȕ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȊȖȗȘȖ-
șȣ — ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǷȍȘ-
șȐ ǵȐȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȈȊȈȓȖȕȍȞ — Ȕȣ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȚȍȘȍ ȇ
șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȗ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȍ ǷȍȘșȐ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȓ-
șȧ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȗțșȚȣȔ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȍȔ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȕȈȌȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ
Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ©ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȍȌȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȚȈȘȍȓȒȐª Ȑ șȔȍȕȐȓ ȚȍȔț
ǪșȒȖȘȍ Ȑ ȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ
Ǵȣ ȓȖȊȐȓȐ ȚțȕȞȈ Ȋ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȍ DzȓȍȔȍȕȚȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ Ȋ Ȍȍșȧ-
ȚȐ ȔȐȓȧȝ ȖȚ DzȈȚȈȓȐȕȣ ǬȍȕȤ ȉȣȓ ȊȍȚȘȍȕȣȑ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȉț-
ȠȍȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȍ ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ǷȍȘșȐ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ǪȖȕ ȚȈȔ
Ƕȕ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ ǰ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȔȐȓȍ ȖȚ ȕȈș Ȑȏ
ȔȖȘȧ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȊȓȈȎȕȖȍ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȍ
ǶȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȠȍ ȗȖȒȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ ȒȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȍȋȈ-


351
ȓȐ ȔțȘȈȠȒȐ ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȧ ȎȐȊȖ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ Ȗȡțȡȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȗțșȚȖȚȣ ȗȖȌ ȓȖȎȍȟȒȖȑ
ǷȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ" ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȌȖ șȈȔȖ-
ȋȖ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȍȚșȧ ȉțȘȕȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȕȍșțȚ ȠȈȗ-
ȒȐ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȗȍȕȣ DzȈȚȈȓȐȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȈȍȚ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖȔ șȖȓȕȍȟ-
ȕȖȔ ȔȈȘȍȊȍ ȦȎȕȍȍ ȓȍȎȐȚ șȔțȚȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ǹȈȕ-DzȓȍȔȍȕȚȍ ǴȖȘ-
șȒȐȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȕȖșȧȚșȧ ȏȈȊȐșȈȦȚ ȗȐȒȐȘțȦȚ ȏȈ ȘȣȉȖȑ ǰ ȚțȚ
Ȑȏ ȔȖȘȧ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȍ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȖȕȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ǴȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ Ǫ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ Ȓ ȔȍșȚț Ȕȣ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǰ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȘȧȔȖ ț ȕȈș ȕȈ
ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȖȕȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐ-
ȕȣ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ
Ǵȣ ȔȈȓȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ǺțȕȞȣ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ țȚȍȘȧȓȐ șȊȖȦ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ
ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȝ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȟȐȕ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȌȈȓȤ-
ȕȍȑȠțȦ ȓȖȊȓȦ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȗȖȘȈȕȤȠȍ — Ȑ ȗțșȚȤ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȔ țȋȖȓȒȍ ȔȐȘȈ ȘȣȉȈȟȐȚ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ǰȌȧ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȓ ǨȊȈȓȖȕț ȗȖ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȊȖȌȈȔ ȗȖȌȊȍȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȕȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȓȖȌȒȐ ǷȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ
ȓȦȌȍȑ țȎȈș ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓ Ȑ ȕȈȠȐ ȧȏȣȒȐ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȓȐșȤ
Ǵȣ ȗȘȍȌȊȒțȠȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ șȖȑȌȍȔ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȍȔ ȊșȍȔț
ȔȐȘț Ȗ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȔ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȐ — Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȚȈȕȍȔ
ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣ ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ǭȌȊȈ Ȕȣ
ȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓȐ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȣȍ țȓȖȟȒȐ ǨȊȈȓȖȕȈ Ȑ șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȝ
șȒȍȗȚȐȒȖȊ Ȑȏ ©DzȓțȉȈ ȚțȕȞȈª ȒȈȒ ȕȈȠȐ ȋțȉȣ șȈȔȐ șȖȉȖȑ
șȎȈȎȐșȤ ǹȓȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȓȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈȘțȎț Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ
Ȕȣ ȌȖȉȘȍȓȐ ȌȖ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȉȈȘȈ Ȑ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓȐ ȗȖ ȌȊȈ șȚȈ-
ȒȈȕȟȐȒȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȋȖ
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȌȊȈ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȝȘȈȉȘȍȍ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓȐ ǷȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȣȓȍȏȈȚȤ Ȑȏ
șȊȖȍȑ șȒȖȘȓțȗȣ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȊȠȐȍ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ șȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȘȍȝ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȊȍȡȈȝ
ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȔ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȐȍ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ Ȑ ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ǹȖșȚȈȊȕȖȍ
ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔț Ȍ-Șț ǬȈȊȐȌț ǹȚȈȘ-
Șț ǬȎȖȘȌȈȕț Ȑȏ ǹȚȥȕȜȖȘȌșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ Ƕȕ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ


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ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ șȓȖȕ ǬȈ țȎ ȕȈȠȐ șȗȖșȖȉ-
ȕȖșȚȐ Ȓ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȦ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȎȍȓȈȚȤ
ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ șȓȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ȟȍȔ ȧ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ șȓȖȕȖȊ Ȑ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȓȍȎ-
ȉȐȡȍ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ǫȊȈȌȈȓțȗȍ ǴȖȘșȒȐȍ șȓȖȕȣ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ
ȚȦȓȍȕȍȑ ș ȚȖȑ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȧȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȕȖșȈ ț ȕȐȝ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȏȈȋȕțȚȈȧ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ șȓȖȕȖȔ Ȑ ȕȐȟțȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ
Ǩ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȔȖȧ ȊȚȖȘȈȧ Ȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȉȓȐȏȒȈȧ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ș ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ
ǩȣȓȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋ șȍȕȚȧȉȘȍ  ȋȖȌȈ ȇ ȓȖȊȐȓ ȔȈȘȓȐȕȖȊ ț ǹȈȕ-
DzȓȍȔȍȕȚȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ ǹȔȐȚȖȔ ǻȖȘȘȍȕȖȔ ǮȐȓȐ Ȕȣ
Ȋ ȚȖȋȌȈȠȕȍȔ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȖȔ ȓȈȋȍȘȍ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȐȚȖ-ǽȈȘȉȖȘ ǩȣȓȖ
ȘȈȕȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȖșȍȔȤ țȚȘȈ Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȔȐȓȐ ȖȚ ȓȈȋȍȘȧ
ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȐ Ȑ ȖȚȖȠȓȐ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ-
ȚȖȘȣ-ȌȊȍ ȔȐȓȐ ǴȖȘȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȓȈȌȒȖȍ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȐșȚȖȍ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈ-
ȉȍȋȈȓȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȏȣȉȤ ȕȍȉȖ ȏȈȚȧȕțȓȖ — ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ
Ȍȓȧ DzȈȓȐȜȖȘȕȐȐ ȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȚțȔȈȕ Ǫșȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ DzȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȍ șȒȓȖ-
ȕȣ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ șȍȘȖȑ ȗȍȓȍȕȍ ȚțȔȈȕȈ Ǵȣ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȐ ǴȖș-
ȒȐȚȖ Ȑ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȐ ȓȈȋȍȘȧ Ȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȊȍȘșȍ ǩȍ-
ȓȖȑ șȒȈȓȣ ǹȔȐȚȚȐ ș ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȊȖȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȘțȉȒȍ ȇ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȣ-
Ƞȍ ȒȈȦȚȣ Ȑ ȊȣșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ Șȣȉț ǵȈȎȐȊȒȈ ȊȖȓȖȟȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈ
ȒȖȘȔȖȑ țȌȐȓȐȡȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȖ Ȓ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȖȔț ȒȘȍșȓț
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȒȘȈȍȠȒȖȔ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ ȔȖȘȧ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȇ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȓȐ-
ȞȖȔ Ȓ ȓȐȞț ș ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ — Ȑ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ șȕȖ-
ȊȈ țȊȐȎț
ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ǽȖȚȐȚȍ ȊȍȘȤȚȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȕȍȚ
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȉȖȟȒȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȍ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ șțȎȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȒȊȍȘȝț
ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȘȍȗȚȐȓȐȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȝ ȌȖȐș-
ȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȟȤȐ șȒȍȓȍȚȣ șȚȖȧȚ Ȋ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ Ȕț-
ȏȍȧȝ ǶȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȜțȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȕȍ
ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ǫȖȓȖȊț țȒȘȈȠȈȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ — ȚȈȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ Ȑ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȌȐȒȖȔ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȍ ǵȍ-
ȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ș ȜțȚ Ȋ ȌȐȈȔȍȚȘȍ
ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȟțȚȤ Ȋȣȗțȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȉ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ
ȖȕȐ ȓȐȞȍȏȘȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ


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ǵțȎȕȖ ȓȐ țȌȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȐȌȍȊȠȐȍ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ
Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȓȖș ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
ȅȚț ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȧ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ Ȋ șȊȖȑ șȍȔȐȒȘȈȚȕȣȑ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ
ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ șȔȖȚȘȦ
ǶȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ǹȔȐȚȚȐ
ǷȘȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ Ȋ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ș ȥȚȐȔȐ
ȎțȚȒȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȚȍȓȈ — ȠȐȘȐȕȖȑ ȕȍ Ȕȍ-
ȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȤ ȜțȚȖȊ Ȉ ȚȖ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ — ȉȣȓȐ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȓȐȏ-
ȒȖ ȧȘȌȈȝ Ȋ șȚȈ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȘȖșȓȈ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ ȎȍșȚ-
ȒȐȍ ȋȘțȉȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȡȍȚȐȕț DzȈȒ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ țȟȐȚȣ-
ȊȈȧ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȍ
 ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȔȕȦ șȓȖȎȐȓȖșȤ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ Șȣ-
ȎȍȊȈȚȖȋȖ ȖȚȚȍȕȒȈ
Ƕ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȇ Ȗș-
ȚȈȦșȤ Ȋ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȟȈșȚȤ ȠȍȐ —
ȍșȓȐ ț ǹțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ƞȍȧ ǿȚȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȖȌȕȖ-
Ȕț ǩȖȋț ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ǵȖ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ǷȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȧ țȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȓ Ȗ ȏȣȉȐ" ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȣȉȐ ȒȈȒ
ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓșȧ ȉȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȐȚ ǪȖȓȕȣ ȕȈȉȍȋȈȓȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȗ
ȕȍȋȖ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȓȐ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȏȈșȚȣȓȈ ǫȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ țșȚȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȈș ǬȈȎȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȟȍȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ șȗț-
șȚȧ ȧ ȊȐȎț Ȑȝ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ — ȌȈ ȊȐȎț — ȖȡțȡȈȦ Ȑȝ ǵȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȔ ȟȈșȈȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȈș ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣȔ ȔțȚȕȣȔ Ȑ ȉȍȏȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȖȔ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȊ ȕȐ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȚȤșȧ — Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ Ȋ
ȗțȟȐȕȍ ǵȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȊȖȓȕ ȕȐ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȕȐ ȗȍȕȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ǪȖȌȈ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȖȔȒȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓȐ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȇ ȗȖșȔȖȚ-
Șȍȓ ȕȈ ǹȔȐȚȚȐ ǹȔȐȚȚȐ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ — ȗȘȖȝȘȐȗȍȓ ȧ
Ƕȕ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȔȖȚȖȘ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȓȍȋȓȐ Ȋ ȌȘȍȑȜ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȗțș-
ȚȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȊȍșȤ ȔȖȒȘȣȑ ȔȖȐ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ǹȔȐȚ-
ȚȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȟȐȊȣȑ ȉțȌȚȖ ȓȐȠȐȓșȧ ȌȈȘȈ ȘȍȟȐ.
Ƕȕ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ș ȗȖȓȈ ȘțȉȒȐ ȖȉȘȣȊȖȒ
ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȓȍșȒȈ Ȑ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȕȈș
ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȍȘȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ Țȍ Ȏȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ


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ș ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȔȐ șȒȓȖȕȈȔȐ ǵȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ șȍȘȣȑ Țț-
ȔȈȕ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ Ǫșȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȔ
Ǵȣ ȌȊȈ șȓȈȉȣȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǷȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ — Ȑ
ȕȈȔ ȥȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ
ǪșȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȧ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓ ș ǵ ǩ ȀȖȜȐȓȌȖȔ ȋȓȈ-
ȊȖȑ ǩȦȘȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘȣȉȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȈ ȗȘȐ ȒȈȓȐȜȖȘ-
ȕȐȑșȒȖȔ ǶȚȌȍȓȍ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȖȝȖȚȣ ȀȖȜȐȓȌ — ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ
ȐȝȚȐȖȓȖȋ țȟȍȕȐȒ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ Ȍ-ȘȈ ǬȥȊȐȌȈ ǹȚȈȘȘȈ ǬȎȖȘȌȈȕȈ
Ƕȕ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȖȗȐșȈȓ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȗȕ ș ȔȐ-
ȕțȚț ȐȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȘȣȉȈȒȐ Ȑȏ ǴȖȕȚȍ-
Șȍȧ DzȈȓȐȜȖȘȕȐȧ
 țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓȐ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȗȖȝȖ-
Ȏȍȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȈȒ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȕȍ Ȋȣ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȇ ȕȈȘȐșȖȊȈȓ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȀȖȜȐȓȌ Ȋȏȧȓ ȘȐ-
șțȕȖȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȘȣȉȈȒȈȔ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȓȐ
ȐȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ǷȘȖȠț ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȀȖȜȐȓȌ ȕȐ-
ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȒȈȒ ȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ȕȐ ȔȖȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȕȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
ȘȣȉȈȒȖȊ
ǷȖ ȔȖȍȔț ȖȗȣȚț Ȑ ȗȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȚȊȍȘȌȖ
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȘȖȉȖșȚȤ
ȇ ȉȣȓ Ȓ șțȡȍșȚȊț ȕȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ȚȘȍȝ șȖȚȕȧȝ ȧȘȌȖȊ —
ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȇ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ ǵȈȠȐ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ șȖȊȗȈȌȈȦȚ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȏțȉȈșȚțȦ ȗȈșȚȤ ȇ țȊȍȘȍȕ
ȟȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ǶȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȈ — ȊȈȠȐ ȌȖȋȈȌȒȐ ȕȍ
ȝțȎȍ ȔȖȐȝ ȇ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȠȍșȚȖȍ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȚȍȓȈ ȏȊȍȘȧ Ȑ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȊȣȠȈȍȚ ȗȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔ ȓȦȉȖȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ ȕȈȔ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȧ ȒȐȚȈ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȕȍȌȖȒȈȏțȍȔȖȍ
ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ ȓȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȏȔȍȦ ȐȓȐ
ȕȍȚ ǶȗȧȚȤ-ȚȈȒȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȟȚȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȍȚ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ
ȌȈ — ȕȈȔ ȓțȟȠȍ ȗȍȘȍșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȗ ȏȔȍȧȝ
ȇ ȐȏȓȖȎȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȍ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȊȣȓȖȎț ȒȈȘȚȣ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ǹȔȐȚ ǻȖȘȘȍȕ ȔȍȘȚȊ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȐȟȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȍȚ ǵȐȓ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȎȐȊ ȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȕȈș
Ȓ ǹțȡȍșȚȊț ǰȏ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȗȧȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȐ-


ȌȍȊȠȐȝ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȎȐȊȣ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȔȖȋțȚ
ȊȣșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȋ ȏȈȡȐȚț ȔȖȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ȕȖ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȧ
ȕȍ șȚȈȕț
ȇ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȘȖȠț ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȓȍȏȚȤ Ȋ ȗȍȚȓȦ Ȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȈȔ ȘȈȌȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ș ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧ,
ȟȍȔ Ȋșȍ Ȕȣ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ — ȌȈȎȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈȒȖȕȟț DzȈȒ ȧ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȊȣȠȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȊȍȘȤȚȍ ȝȖ-
ȚȐȚȍ ȕȍȚ Ǵȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ǴȖȎȍȚȍ țȓȣȉȈȚȤșȧ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ șȔȍȧȚȤ-
șȧ ȇ țȎȍ șȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȓșȧ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊț Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ
Ȋȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚȍșȤ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ — ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȉȍș-
șȔȍȘȚȕȣȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ ©ǭșȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍ șȕȐȓȖșȤª
Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȍ ǰ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȍȡȍ Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖȌȐ-
ȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȍȚ Ȑȏ
ȋȓțȉȐȕ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȍ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȏȓȖȊȍ-
ȡȐȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȥȚȐȝ țȎȈșȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȍ ȖȡțȡȈȓȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȍȣ-
ȝȈȕȐȧ țȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȚȣșȧȟȍȓȍȚȐȑ Ǩ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓ — Ȑ ȚȖȟȒȈ.
ǨȌȐȖș


Ⱥɮɢɲɚ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ Ɋ Ʉɨɪɦɚɧɚ ©ɀɟɧɳɢɧɵ-
ɜɢɤɢɧɝɢ ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɡɦɟɣª 


Ǿȫȗ ǯȞȫȒȏȓȞȖ
Ǿdzǰȁǻ
(1951)


358
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ șțȠȐ Ȕȣ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ
ȎȌȈȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȗȖȓȏȍȚ ȚțȔȈȕ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȗȖȓȏȈȓ Ȑ Ȕȣ — ǴȈȒ-
ȌȈȕ Ȑ ȧ — șȔȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȓȈȚțȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȌȠȐȗȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȓȐ
ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝț ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐ ǴȈȒȌȈȕ Ȑ ȧ ȌȊȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ Ȋ
șțȔȘȈȟȕȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ«
DzȘȈșȕȣȑ ȓțȟ« ȉȍȓȣȑ« șȕȖȊȈ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȐșȒȈȓ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȍ
ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȍ șțȌȈ Ǩ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȧȚ ȓțȟȈ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȌȤ ț ȕȈș ȍșȚȤ ȍȡȍ
ǫȖȓȖș — ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ǸȍȊțȕȈ Ȗȕ ȘȊȈȓșȧ
ȋȘȖȔȖȋȓȈșȕȣȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧ ȚțȔȈȕȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȕȕȣȍ ȟȈȑ-
ȒȐ ȘȈȏȓȍȚȈȓȐșȤ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȌȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȋȘȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȈȘȚȣ Ȉ
ȊȖȓȕȣ ȌȣȉȐȓȐșȤ ȠȐȗȧ ȗȍȕȖȑ
— ǯȌȍșȤ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ Țȣ țȎȍ șȊȣȒșȧ" — șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ ǴȈȒȌȈȕ
— ǬȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ — ǹȓȈȊȈ ȉȖȋț Țȣ ȔȈșȚȍȘ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȚȤ
— ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȚȊȖȑ ȟȍȘȍȌ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȕȈ ǩȖȓȤȠțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ — Ƕȕ
țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ — ǩțȌȍȠȤ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȚȤ ș ȌȍȊțȠȒȈȔȐ ȗȐȚȤ ȌȎȐȕ
— ǹȒȈȎȐ ǴȈȒȌȈȕ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Țȣ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖșȚȈȍȠȤșȧ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȌȐȕ"
— Ƕ ȚȈȑȕȈȝ ȔȖȘȧ
ǴȈȒȌȈȕ ȘȈșȒțȘȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț
ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȤ ȊȖșȤȔȖȋȖ ǽȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȕȖȧȉȘȤșȒȐȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȖȚȖȗȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȘȈȏȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȚ șȊȖȑ ȓțȟ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕȣ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȉȈȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȓȖȚȒȍ ȘȍȊȍȚ ǸȍȊțȕ ǵȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȕȈ
șȚȖ ȔȐȓȤ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ș ȘȍȌȒȐȔȐ ȈȊȚȖ-
ȔȖȉȐȓȧȔȐ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ ȐȌțȡȈȧ Ȓ ȔȖȘȦ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȈȑ
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȊȍ ȔȐȓȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȌȖ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ țȚȍșȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȐ-ȚȖ
ȊȍȒȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȍ șțȌȕȖ
— ǺȈȑȕȣ ȔȖȘȧ — ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǴȈȒȌȈȕ — ǯȕȈȍȠȤ
ȓȐ Țȣ ȟȚȖ ȖȒȍȈȕ — ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ șȕȍȎȐȕȒȈ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȈȧ șȕȍ-
ȎȐȕȒȈ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ" ǪȍȟȕȖ Ȋ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȒȘȈșȖȒ Ȑ ȜȖȘȔ
Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȚșȧ ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȕȖȟȤȦ
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȧ șȐȌȍȓ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ȚțȚ Ȑȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕ ȗȖȌȕȧ-
ȓȐșȤ Șȣȉȣ Ȋșȍ Șȣȉȣ ȔȖȘȧ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȖ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȕȈȠ ȏȈ-
ȓȐȊ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȕȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȌȘȖȎȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ — ȉȍȓȣȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ — ȉȍȓȣȑ
șȊȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ǵȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȝȖȓȖȌ-
ȕȖ ǬȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȓ ȗȈȊȓȐȕȐȑ ȝȊȖșȚ


359
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ — ȉȍȏ ȏȊțȒȈ — ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ Șȣȉ șȋȐ-
ȕțȓȐ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȕȐ ȗȓȣȓȐ șȦȌȈ ȕȈ ȗȈȓȖȔȕȐ-
ȟȍșȚȊȖ" ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ǩ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȑ șȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȐȔ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈȠȈ ȉȈȠȕȧ ȊȣșȐȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȈ șȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ
ȜțȚȖȊ șȊȍȘȒȈȍȚ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȊȍȡȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȐȕȈ ǶȕȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȈȒȐȔ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȘȣȉȤȐȔ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȖȔ"
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȝȖȓȖȌȖȒ ȇ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȣȑ șȍȘȣȑ ȋȈȏȖȕ ȔȖȘȧ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȦȡȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȕȐȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȐȒț-
ȌȈ
— ǬȈ-ȌȈ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȚ« — ǴȈȒȌȈȕ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȖ ȗȣȝȚȍȓ ȚȘțȉȒȖȑ ȟȈșȚȖ ȔȖȘȋȈȧ ǪȍșȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ — ǽȖȚȧ ț ȕȈș ȍșȚȤ
ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȣ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ șțȉȔȈȘȐȕȣ
ȕȖ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȌȍșȧȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ Ȕȣ șȚțȗȐȔ
ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐȌȍȔ Ȋ ȏȈȚȖȕțȊȠȐȑ ȔȐȘ Ȑ
țȏȕȈȍȔ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ șȚȘȈȝ ǷȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȔ ȊȕȐȏț Ȋșȍ
ȍȡȍ ȚȘȍȝșȖȚȚȣșȧȟȕȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȌȖ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȥȘȣ Ǵȣ ȚțȚ ȚȘțȉȐȔ ȊȖ
Ȋșȍ ȚȘțȉȣ ȖȚȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȔ ȌȘțȋ ț ȌȘțȋȈ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȖȚȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȔ
ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȉ ȖȕȐ ȎȐȊțȚ Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȗțȟȐȕȍ ȌȊȍȕȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ ȔȐȓȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ șȚȖȓȤ Ȏȍ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȝȊȖșȚ
ȒȖȔȍȚȣ
— ǪȍȘȕȖ ȚȈȔ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȑ ȔȐȘ
— ǷȖȠȓȐ Ǵȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ Țȍȉȍ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȍȑȟȈș șȈȔȖȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ
Ǵȣ ȖȚșȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȊȖșȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ șȚțȗȍȕȍȒ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȊȈȧ ȕȍ șȗȍȠȈ ǵȈȊȍȘȝț ǴȈȒȌȈȕ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȍ ȖșȊȍ-
ȡȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȚȖȓșȚȣȝ șȚȍȒȓȈȝ Ƕȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ ȔȈȧȒȈ ȔȧȋȒȖ ȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ȎțȎȎȈ ȕȈ șȔȈȏȈȕȕȖȑ
ȖșȐ ǰ ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ șȍȒțȕȌ ȋțȌȍȓ ǸȍȊțȕ
— ǷȘȈȊȌȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȏȊȍȘȤ" — ǴȈȒȌȈȕ ȒȐȊȕțȓ șȊȖȐȔ
ȔȣșȓȧȔ — ǩȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȊȖȍȚ Ȋ ȕȖȟȐ ǹȐȌȐȚ ȕȈ
ȘțȉȍȎȍ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȖȊ ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȘȍȊȍȚ Ȋ ȗțȟȐȕț ©ȇ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȧ ȏȌȍșȤ«ª ǰ ȗțȟȐȕȈ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ — ȌȈ-ȌȈ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ Ǻȣ
ȏȌȍșȤ țȎȍ ȚȘȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ǬȎȖȕȕȐ ȗȖȘȈ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ ǷȖ-
ȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ — Ȗȕ ȊșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ Ȋ ȔȘȈȒ Ȑ ȚțȔȈȕ — Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȋȖȌȈ Ȓ ȔȈȧȒț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ ȋȖșȚȤ


360
— ǹȚȈȐ Șȣȉ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ"
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ Șȣȉȣ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȇ ȗȖȚȖȔț Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȧȓșȧ — șȖȟȚȍȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȔ ǵȖ ȌȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȗȖȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȓȍȕȌȈȘȤ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠ-
ȓȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȖȕȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȚșȧ ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȌȘȖȉ-
ȕȖșȚȍȑ — țȊȐȌȐȠȤ șȈȔ ǪȖȚ șȐȌȐ ȚțȚ ǽȖȟȍȠȤ țȓȖȎȐ țȚȘȖȔ
ȉȈȘȈȝȓȐȠȒȖ șȈȌȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȚȍȘ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȑșȧ ȕȈ ǩȖȓȤȠțȦ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȦ ȏȈȉȐȘȈȑ șȊȖȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȊȖȏȓȍ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ ȕȈ Ȕȣșț ȒȈȚȐ Ȋ
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȒ Ȑ ȎȋȐ șȊȍȚ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ — ȧ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ
Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ șȗȘȖȠț Ȑ ȒȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȅȚȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȖșȤ țȎȍ ȚȘȐ
ȋȖȌȈ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ — ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȖȔț ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ Ǩ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȎȌȐ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȐ
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ Ȕȣ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȘȖȕȧȓȐ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ șȓȖȊ ǷȖȚȖȔ țșȚȈȓȐ ȎȌȈȚȤ Ȑ ǴȈȒȌȈȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ șȖ
ȔȕȖȑ șȊȖȐȔȐ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȚȍȖȘȐȧ ȕȈ-
șȟȍȚ ǸȍȊțȕȈ
— ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ șțȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ
ȉȍȘȍȋ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȧ ȋțȓț ȖȒȍȈȕȈ Ȑ
șȒȈȏȈȓ ©ǵȈȔ ȕțȎȍȕ ȋȖȓȖș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȉȣ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȘȍȔ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȓ șțȌȈ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȦ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȇ șȌȍȓȈȦ ȋȖȓȖș
ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȊșȍȔ ȊȍȒȈȔ Ȑ ȚțȔȈȕȈȔ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȉȣȓȐ
Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȗțșȚȈȧ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈȗȘȖȓȍȚ
ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȊȖȘȧȍȠȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȓȣȍ Ȗșȍȕ-
ȕȐȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ǫȖȓȖș ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȗȚȐȞȈȔ ȟȚȖ țȓȍȚȈȦȚ ȒȘȐȟȈ
ȕȈ Ȧȋ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȕȖȧȉȘȤșȒȖȔț ȊȍȚȘț Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȖȦ ț ȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ
țȋȘȦȔȣȝ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ȇ șȌȍȓȈȦ ȋȖȓȖș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ
ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȕȍ țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȒȚȖ ȍȋȖ țșȓȣȠȐȚ ȉțȌȍȚ Șȣ-
ȌȈȚȤ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ Ȑ ȖȟȈȋȐ ȗȖȒȈȎțȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȎȈȘȟȍ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍ-
ȒȐȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ șȒȈȎțȚ “ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȌȖȔȈ” ȇ șȖȚȊȖȘȦ ȋȖȓȖș
Ȑ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔ Ȑ ȕȈȘȍȒțȚ ȍȋȖ ǸȍȊțȕȖȔ Ȑ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȒȚȖ ȍȋȖ țșȓȣ-
ȠȐȚ ȗȖșȚȐȋȕȍȚ ȚȖșȒț ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȒȘȈȚȒȖșȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȐª
ǸȍȊțȕ ȏȈȘȍȊȍȓ
— ȇ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓ ȥȚț ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ — ȚȐȝȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǴȈȒȌȈȕ —
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȖȕȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȗȓȣȊȍȚ Ȓ ȔȈȧȒț
Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȖȕȖ ȐȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȏȖȊ ȔȈȧȒȈ«
— ǵȖ« — ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ
— ȀȠȠ — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǴȈȒȌȈȕ — ǹȔȖȚȘȐ
Ƕȕ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖșȚȍȘȓȖșȤ ȔȖȘȍ


361
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȓȣȓȖ Ȓ ȔȈȧȒț
ǵȖȟȤ ȒȈȒ ȧ țȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȊȣȌȈȓȈșȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ Ȋ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ
ȉȈȠȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ șȊȍȚ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓ Ȑ ȋȈș Ȑ ǸȍȊțȕ Ȋșȍ ȒȘȐ-
ȟȈȓ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȒȓțȉȧȡȐȑșȧ ȚțȔȈȕ ǪȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȓȖȝȖ Ȑ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȊȖȚ
ȔȖȘȍ — ȔȖȘȍ șȒȖȓȤȏȧȡȍȍ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȓȖșȒȖȍ ȚȐȝȖȍ
ȞȊȍȚȈ șȍȘȖȋȖ ȐȓȈ ȊȖȚ Ȕȣ ȌȊȖȍ ȖȌȕȐ Ȋ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍ Ȉ
ȚȈȔ ȊȌȈȓȐ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȒȐ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȉțȋȖȘ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ
ȗțȏȣȘȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȕȣ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈȌ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȋȓȈȌȤȦ — ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ Ƞȍȧ
Ǩ ȏȈȚȍȔ« ȕȍȚ ȕȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȉ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ƞȍȧ Ȑ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ǵȈ șȖȘȖȒ
ȜțȚȖȊ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ
ȚȍȔȕȖȑ Ƞȍȍ ǰ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȗțȟȐȕȣ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓȖ Țȍ-
ȓȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȒ Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȓȓȈ ȔȐȌȐȑ Ȑ ȘȈȒȖȊ ǬȍȘ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȋȐȉȒȐȑ ȝȊȖșȚ ǬȓȐȕȈ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȒȈ
ȝȊȖșȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȜțȚȖȊ ȌȍȊȧȕȖșȚȖ-șȚȖ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȖ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
— ǹȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ǴȈȒȌȈȕ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ
— ǶȠȐȉȈȍȠȤșȧ ǬȎȖȕȕȐ ȥȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣ ǶȕȖ Ȋșȍ
ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǶȕȖ ȕȍ
ȐȏȔȍȕȧȓȖșȤ ȅȚȖ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȏȌȍȠȕȐȑ ȒȘȈȑ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȐșȤ șȚȈ-
ȓȐ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔȐ Ǵȣ
ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȓȣȓȖ ȖȕȖ Ȋ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȍ ȚȈȔ,
ȊȌȈȓȐ ǸȊȈȕȣȑ ȚțȔȈȕ ȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ șȚȐȘȈȧ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ ȍȋȖ
ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ǫȓȈȏ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȓȖȊȐȓ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓ ȕȈȠ
ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ ȓțȟ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ — ȉȍȓȣȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ — ȉȍȓȣȑ DzȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȑ ȒȘțȋȓȣȑ ȌȐșȒ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓ ȗȖșȓȈȕȐȍ
ȌȘȍȊȕȐȔ ȠȐȜȘȖȔ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȣȔ
ȒȈȒ ȚțȔȈȕ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȕȖ ȗȓȣȓȖ
— ȅȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȌȐȕȖȏȈȊȘ — ȇ ȗȘȐșȍȓ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȗȍ-
ȘȐȓȈ
— ǬȈ Ȑȏ Ȑȝ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȖȕȐ ȊȣȔȍȘȓȐ
— ǵȍȚ ȗȘȖșȚȖ țȠȓȐ Ȋ ȗțȟȐȕț ǫȓțȉȖȒȖ-ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ
ȋȓțȉȐȕ Ȋ ǩȍȏȌȕț Ǩ ȟȚȖ ǬȎȖȕȕȐ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ
șȓȖȊȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȖ ǩȍȏȌȕȈ Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȊȍșȤ ȝȖȓȖȌ
ȊȍșȤ ȔȘȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȋȓțȉȤ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ


362
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ"
— ǬȍȓȈȚȤ" ǻ ȕȈș ȘȈȉȖȚȈ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ Dz ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ ǷȖȒȈ ȍȡȍ ȌȖȉȍȘȍȠȤșȧ ȌȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȉ
ȏȊȍȘȤ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ ș ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ Ȑ ȗȓȣȊȍȚ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
— ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ șȦȌȈ"
Ǫ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȔȐȋ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȖȚȊȍȚ
ǸȍȊțȕ ȏȈȘȍȊȍȓ
ǰ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȖ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȘȐȒȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȓȍȚ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȚțȔȈȕȈ Ǫ ȕȍȔ
ȉȣȓȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȖȓȐ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȖȌȘȖȋȕțȓșȧ ǿț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȖ ȉȈȠȕȍ ǸȍȊțȕ ȘȍȊȍȓ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȖ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ǸȍȊțȕ ȘȍȊȍȓ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȏțȉȈ-
șȚțȦ ȗȈșȚȤ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ ȏȊțȒ Ȋ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ-
ȡȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ǸȍȊțȕȈ ǶȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ-ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ
ǫȖȓȖș ȉȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍȗȘȖȋȓȧȌȕȖȑ ȚȤȔȣ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
ȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȊțȒ
— ǵț — ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ ǴȈȒȌȈȕ — ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȖȕȖ
ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ șȦȌȈ"
ȇ ȒȐȊȕțȓ
— Ǿȍȓȣȑ ȋȖȌ ǬȎȖȕȕȐ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
ȓȍȎȐȚ Ȋ ȗțȟȐȕȍ ȏȈ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȔȐȓȤ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȌȊȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȐ ȔȐȓȤ Ȑ ȎȌȍȚ ǭȔț ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕ ȓȍȚ ȥȚȖȔț
ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȔț ȏȊȍȘȦ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤ șȍȉȍ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕ
ȓȍȚ Ǻȣ șȔȖȋ ȉȣ" ǴȖȎȍȚ ȖȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ Ȑȏ ȊșȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ Ǵȕȍ
ȚȈȒ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ șȦȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ
ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȈȧȒ ǷȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ǸȍȊțȕȈ Ȑ
Ȗȕ ȘȍȊȍȚ ȘȍȊȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȗțȟȐȕȖȑ ȒțȌȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤ șȍȉȍ Țȣ țȠȍȓ
ȟȚȖȉȣ șȗȈȚȤ Ȑ ȋȘȍȏȐȚȤ Ȗ ȔȐȘȍ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖȌȖȉ-
ȕȣȝ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȖȌȐȕȖȒ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȒ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȘȧȚȈȚȤșȧ Ǩ ȋȖȓȖș ǸȍȊțȕȈ ȚȖ
ȏȖȊȍȚ ȚȖ șȔȖȓȒȈȍȚ ȚȖ ȏȖȊȍȚ ȚȖ șȔȖȓȒȈȍȚ Ȑ Țȣ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȍȠȤ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȐȓȐșȚȖȔ Ȍȕȍ ȗțȟȐȕȣ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȉțȌȚȖ
ȓȐȕȏȣ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȜȖȚȖȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ Ȑ Țȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȠȤșȧ ȔȍȌȓȍȕ-
ȕȖ-ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ ȋȘțȏ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ ǵȖ ȏȖȊ ǸȍȊțȕȈ șȓȈȉȣȑ Ȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ
ȓȍȚȐȚ ȏȈ Țȣșȧȟț ȔȐȓȤ ȗȘȖȕȐȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȚȖȓȡț ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȚȖȗȒȈ Ȋ
ȚȊȖȍȔ ȉȘȦȝȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȈȘȣ Ȑ Țȣ ȗȓȣȊȍȠȤ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȓȣȊȍȠȤ
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ-ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ǷȖȎȐȘȈȍȠȤ ȒȖșȧȒȐ ȚȘȍșȒȐ Ȑ ȔȍȘȓȈȕȈ


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ȗȖȓȟȐȡȈ ȔȍȌțȏ Ȑ ȐȌȍȠȤ ȊȣȠȍ ȊȣȠȍ ȊșȦ ȖșȍȕȤ ȔȍșȧȞ ȏȈ
ȔȍșȧȞȍȔ șȍȕȚȧȉȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚșȧ ȚțȔȈȕȣ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȚțȔȈȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȋțȡȍ Ȑ ǸȍȊțȕ Ȋșȍ ȏȖȊȍȚ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȕȖȧȉȘȧ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȐȏȖ Ȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȕȖȘȈȊȓȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȌȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȦ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȟȈș ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȜțȚȖȊ Țȣ ț ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ Țȣ ȎȐȊ ǷȖȕȍȊȖȓȍ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȍȠȤ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȍșȓȐ
ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ șȘȈȏț Țȍȉȧ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȍȚ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț țȝȖȌȐȚ ȚȘȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ
ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊșȗȓȣȚȤ Ȑ ȍȡȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗțȚȐ Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȍȚ Țȍȉȧ ȖȚ ȔȈȧȒȈ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Țȣ ȏȌȍșȤ —
ȊȖȕ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȕȖȟȐ ǬȎȖȕȕȐ — șȈȔȖȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ǯȍȔȓȧ Ǩ ȊȖȚ Ȑ ȔȈȧȒ ȟȚȖ ȏȖȊȍȚ Țȍȉȧ ȚȈȒȈȧ Ȏȍ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȈȧ Ƞȍȧ ȚȖȘȟȐȚ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȕȖ ȋȓȈȊ-
ȕȖȍ — ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȋȖȓȖș ȒȈȒ ț Țȍȉȧ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ ǬȎȖȕ-
ȕȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ"
ǸȍȊțȕ ȊȏȘȍȊȍȓ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓȖșȤ
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋșȍ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȓȍȚ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȋȖ
ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ — ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȚȖȚ ȒȚȖ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȝȖ-
ȟȍȚ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ" ǴȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȓȍȚ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȔȖȘȧ ȉȍ-
ȏțȔȕȖȍ ȟȐșȓȖ ȊȍȒȖȊ Ȋ ȗțȟȐȕȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȖȟȐșȚȐȓȖșȤ ȖȚ ȓȍȚȈȦ-
ȡȐȝ ȧȡȍȘȖȊ ȕȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȒȍ ȊȣșȖȝȓȐ ȉȖȓȖȚȈ ȓȍȔțȘȣ Ȑ șȈȉȓȍ-
ȏțȉȣȍ ȚȐȋȘȣ ȖȚȎȐȓȐ șȊȖȑ ȊȍȒ Ȑ ȏȈȊȧȏȓȐ Ȋ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚȖȊȣȝ ȓț-
ȎȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȈȝ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȔțȘȈȊȤȧȔȐ ȏȈșțȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȓȦȌȐ
ǸȍȊ ǸȍȊțȕȈ
— Ǫ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȋȖȌț — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǴȈȒȌȈȕ — ȥȚȈ ȚȊȈȘȤ ȊșȦ
ȕȖȟȤ ȗȘȖȗȓȈȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȒȘțȋ ȏȈ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȒȘțȋ ȏȈ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
ǩȓȐȏȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȈ — ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȓȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ǴȖȎȍȚ
ȉȖȧȓȈșȤ ǰ șȍȘȌȐȓȈșȤ ȠțȚȒȈ ȓȐ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȚȤ Ǩ ȕȈțȚ-
ȘȖ ȚțȔȈȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȈȏȊȍȧȓșȧ ȊȣȠȓȖ ȧȘȒȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ șȐȕȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȍ ǰ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ țȠȓȖ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȖȚ Țȍȗ-
ȓȈ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȧ țȗȓȣȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȖȕȖ
ȊȍșȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȖȌ Ȋșȍ ȌțȔȈȓȖ ȓȖȔȈȓȖ șȍȉȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț«
ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ șȚȈ ȧȘȌȈȝ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȖȕȖ ȒȘȐ-
ȟȈȓȖ Ȑ ǸȍȊțȕ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ DzȖȋȌȈ ȓțȟ ȒȈșȈȓșȧ ȋȓȈȏ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȗȖȓțȟȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȖȋȖȕȤ — ȓȍȌ ȖȋȖȕȤ — ȓȍȌ
— ǪȖȚ ȖȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ – șȒȈȏȈȓ ǴȈȒȌȈȕ — ǪȍȟȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȚȖ Ȏȍ
ȖȌȐȕ ȎȌȍȚ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ Ȉ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍȚ ǪșȍȋȌȈ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȓȦ-
ȉȐȚ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȓȦȉȧȚ ȍȋȖ ǰ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȟȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ


364
țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȓȦȉȐȠȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȖ Țȍȉȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ
ȔțȟȐȓȖ
ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȗȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȔȈȧȒ ǸȍȊțȕ ȘȍȊȍȓ
— ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȔ ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȉțȌȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǴȈȒȌȈȕ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȐȓ ǸȍȊțȕȈ
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ Ȋ
șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȑ ȒȓȍȚȒȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȤȦȚșȧ ȕȈȠȐ șȍȘȌȞȈ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȍ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȖȍ ȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ
ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȓȖ ǭȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȐȡȐ-ȗȘȖ-
ȎȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȔȐȋȈȓȐ ǷȈșȚȤ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȐȏȌȈȓȈ ȊȖȘȟȈȕȐȍ ȉțȌȚȖ
ȊțȓȒȈȕ ǶȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȐșȒȈȓȖ ȏȊțȒ ȒȈȕțȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕ ǶȕȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȖ ȕȈ ȔȈȧȒ
ǹȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȊȖȘȟȈȓȖ ǪȌȘțȋ ȏȘȈȟȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȗȣȓȈȓȐ ǶȕȖ ȊȏȌȣ-
ȉȐȓȖșȤ ȒȖȓȖȚȧ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȘȐȕțȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȉȈȠȕȦ ș ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ
ȧȘȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȔțȒȐ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
— ǴȈȒȌȈȕ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ — ǪȒȓȦȟȐ ǸȍȊțȕȈ
ǴȈȒȌȈȕ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȘțȉȐȓȤȕȐȒ Ǫ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȔȐȋ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ
ȍȋȖ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖșȤ ȕȈ Ȍȣȉȣ ǴȍȓȤȒ-
ȕțȓȐ ȔȖȋțȟȐȍ ȓȈȗȐȡȐ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȈȧ ȗȈțȚȐȕȈ ȘȣȉȤȍȑ ȒȖȎȐ
ȔȍȎȌț ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊȐȌȕȣȔȐ ȖȚȘȖșȚȒȈȔȐ ȞȈȘȈȗȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȉȈȠȕȦ
ǫȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍȔ
ȔȖȘȌȣ șȊȍȘȒȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȖȚȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ țȗȈșȚȤ ȏȈȝȓȍȉȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ǩȈȠȕȧ șȖȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈșȤ Ǹȍ-
Ȋțȕ ȘȍȊȍȓ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȘȍȊȍȓȖ ǶȕȖ ȖȉȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȉȈȠȕȦ Ȑ șȒȘȐȗ-
ȕțȓȖ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȗȖ șȚȍȒȓț ȕȈ ȕȈș ȗȖșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ
ǴȈȒȌȈȕ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț
— ǪȕȐȏ ǮȐȊȍȑ
ǩȈȠȕȧ ȒȈȟȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȓȈșȤ ǸȍȊțȕ Ȑ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȘȍȊȍȓȐ
Ǵȣ ȒțȉȈȘȍȔ ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ
— ǮȐȊȍȑ
Ǵȣ țșȗȍȓȐ — ȕȣȘȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȗȖȌ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍȑ Ȋ
ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȔȐȋ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȈȠȕȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ șȚȈȓȈ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȊȈȚȤșȧ
ǺȣșȧȟȐ țȌȈȘȖȊ ȖȚ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ǸȍȊțȕ ȏȈȝȓȍȉȕțȓșȧ
ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȘțȝȕțȓȖ ȕȈ ȉȈȠȕȦ ǩȈȠȕȧ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȈșȤ Ǵȣ șȚȖȧ-
ȓȐ ȔȖȓȟȈ ǴȈȒȌȈȕ Ȑ ȧ șȓțȠȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȏȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȠ ȔȐȘ
Ǫșȍ dzȐȠȤ ȔȘȈȒ Ȑ ȗȓȍșȒ ȊȈȓȖȊ Ȗ ȋȘțȌț ȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȕȧ
ǰ ȍȡȍ«


366
— ǹȓțȠȈȑ — ȚȐȝȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǴȈȒȌȈȕ — ǹȓțȠȈȑ
ǷȘȖȠȓȈ șȍȒțȕȌȈ Ȑ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ǹȗȍȘȊȈ ȋțȓ ȊȉȐȘȈȍȔȖȋȖ
ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȎȈȓȖȉȈ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖșȚȤ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȧ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȚȖȠȕȖȚȊȖȘȕȣȔ ȏȈȗȈ-
ȝȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȚ
ȕȈș ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȍȔ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȈ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȖ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ
ǩȈȠȕȧ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ǹȊȍȚ Ȑșȟȍȏ ǫȖȓȖș ȏȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȓ-
ȓȐȖȕȣ ȓȍȚ Ȑșȟȍȏ ǰ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȘȈȏȐȕțȊ ȗȈșȚȤ ȘȍȊȍȓȖ ȔȖȋț-
ȟȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ǸȍȊțȕȈ ǰ șțȌȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋ Țț ȕȖȟȤ ȠȓȐ ȔȐȔȖ ȝȖȚȧ
ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ șȊȍȚȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȏȈȚȖ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖș Ȑ
ȌțȔȈȓȐ ©ǨȋȈ ȊȖȚ Ȗȕ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ǸȍȊțȕȈ Ȋ dzȖțȕșȈȔȉȍȑ
Ǫșȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ Ȕȣșª
ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ
***
ǮȈȘȒȖȍ ȎȍȓȚȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ țȎȍ șȒȓȖȕȧȓȖșȤ Ȓ ȏȈȗȈȌț ȒȖȋȌȈ
șȗȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȘȈȏȋȘȍȉȓȈ ȋȘțȌț ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȕȈȌ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȖȔ.
— ǶȕȈ ȘțȝȕțȓȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚțȚ — ȔȘȈȟȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǴȈȒȌȈȕ —
ǭȍ ȗȖȚȘȍȗȈȓȖ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȈșȤ
Ƕȕ țȡȐȗȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒț
ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȓȍȌȖȊ ǺȐȝȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ șȐȕȍȍ ȕȍȉȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ
ȏȈȗȈȝ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ ȖȚ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȎȐȎȐ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȈȝ ȉȈȠȕȐ Ȑ
ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊȣȝ șȒȈȓȈȝ ǮțȎȎȈȓȐ ȔțȝȐ ǷȓȍșȒȈȓșȧ ȖȒȍȈȕ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȋȖȌ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȔȈȧȒ ȕȖ ȧ Ȓ ȚȖȔț
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ țșȚȘȖȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȒȍ ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
ȉȣȓ țȦȚȕȣȑ Țȍȗȓȣȑ ȌȖȔȐȒ ȖȒȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȧȚșȧ Ȋ Ȗșȍȕ-
ȕȐȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȈ Ȉ Ȑȏ ȚȘțȉȣ șȚȘțȐȚșȧ ȌȣȔȖȒ.
Ǩ ǴȈȒȌȈȕ șȚȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȈȧȒȈ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȗȖ ȍȋȖ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔ Ȑȏ ȎȍȓȍȏȖȉȍȚȖȕȈ
— ǵȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ — ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ Ȗȕ
ǵȖȊȣȑ ȔȈȧȒ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȚȖȊ Ȋ ȕȖȧȉȘȍ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ Ȋȍȟȍ-
ȘȖȔ ȧ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ
ȕȈ șȍȘȣȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ șȓțȠȈȧ ȋȖȓȖș ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ǸȍȊțȕȈ ȘȈȏ« ȌȊȈ«
ȚȘȐ« ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȘȈȏȈ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȖȌȐȕ-ȖȌȐȕȍȠȍ-
ȕȍȒ


ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ" ǶȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȖșȤ
— ǻȠȓȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǴȈȒȌȈȕ — ǻȠȓȖ Ȋ ȗțȟȐȕț ǻȏȕȈȓȖ
ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ ǻȠȓȖ
ȊȋȓțȉȤ Ȋ ǩȍȏȌȕț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕ ȓȍȚ ǩȍȌȕȧȋȈ
Ǫșȍ ȎȌȈȚȤ Ȑ ȎȌȈȚȤ Ȑ ȎȌȈȚȤ« ǮȌȈȚȤ
ȇ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȔȈȠȐȕȍ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȓ ȇ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȐ ȉȈȠȕȐ ȕȐ
ȓțȟȈ ȕȈȌ dzȖțȕșȈȔȉȍȑ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȓțȠȈȓ ǸȍȊțȕȈ ǸȍȊțȕȈ ǸȍȊț-
ȕȈ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ȘȍȊȍȚ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
Ǵȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ"


ɗ ȼɟɞɞɟɪ Ɇɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɡɦɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɥɧɚɯ 


DzȔȜț ǸȜșȪȓȞ
ȅdzǹǼǰdzǸ ǵǮ ǯǼǾȀǼǺ
(1960)


370
ǺȈȒȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȒȈȒ ț ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ ǴȖȘȋȈȕȈ ȅȉȉȖȚȈ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐ-
ȒȐ ǵȖȊȖȑ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȦȚ ș ȓȦȉȐȔȣȔȐ ȔȍșȚȈȔȐ
ǺȈȒȖȍ ȝțȌȖȡȈȊȖȍ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȏțȉȈșȚȖȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȌȖ-
ȕȍȓȤȏȧ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȍ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖ ȉȖȓȐ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȐȔȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ —
Ȑȕȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ-ȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȊȓȍ-
ȒȈȚȍȓȍȕ
ǭȡȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȓȈșȤ ȧȝȚȈ ©ǯȍȕȖȉȐȧª ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
Ȍȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȖ Ȍțȝ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖȔ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȋȘțȠȒȈ ǪȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȖ ȕȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȟȈșȚȖ ȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȓșȧ ș ǫȓȍȕ-
ȊȍȍȔ Ȋ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȍ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȍȋȖ ȓțȟȠȐȔ — Ȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȔ — ȌȘțȋȖȔ
ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ©ǯȍȕȖȉȐȦª ȐȓȐ ȍȍ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ Ȋ ȒȕȐ-
ȋȈȝ Ȗ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȈȘțșȕȐȒȈȝ ȊȈș ȗȖȌȔȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȕȍ-
ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȧ ȚȈȒ ȚȍșȕȖ șȖȠȍȓșȧ ș ȊȓȈ-
ȌȍȓȤȞȍȔ ȚȘȍȝȔȈȟȚȖȊȖȑ Ƞȝțȕȣ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȗȧȚȍȘȒȐ șȈȔȣȝ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȒȘțȗȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȧȝȚ ȔȐȘȈ
ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖȔ ȐȏȧȡȕȣȔȐ
ȔȈȕȍȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȠȈȘȔȖȔ ȏȈȚȖ ȕȈȚțȘȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ Ǩ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȓȈȊȕțȦ ©ǯȍȕȖȉȐȦ»
Ȑ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ țȚȖȕȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȐȓȐ
ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖȑ ǭȋȖ ȌȖȝȖȌȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șȖȓȐȌȕȣȔȐ ȕȖ Ȑȝ ȍȓȍ
ȝȊȈȚȈȓȖ ȕȈ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȧȝȚȣ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ
ǵȈ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȚȘȈȚȐȚȤ
ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓ
ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȒȐȕȖȏȊȍȏ-
Ȍȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ ǰ șȓȖȊȕȖ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȔȖȓȕȐȍȕȖșȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȍȓșȧ ǻȗȖȔȧȕțȚȖȑ ȏȊȍȏ-
ȌȖȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ ȒȚȖ ȐȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ ǺȖȘȈ ǪȈȑȉȖȘȋ ȟȤȧ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ Ȑ ȖȟȈ-
ȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ șȚȈȓȐ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȔȐȜȖȔ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ
șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓȐșȤ ȇ țȏ-
ȕȈȓ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȚ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ
 ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȉȘȈȒȖȘȈȏ-
ȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȖȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȧ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐșȤ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȎȍșȚȖ-
ȟȈȑȠȍȍ șȍȘȌȍȟȕȖȍ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȋȓțȉȖȟȈȑȠȈȧ ȖȉȐȌȈ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ-
ȔȈ ȓȖȊȒȐȍ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚȣ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȏȍ — ȟȍșȚȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ-ȚȈȒȐ ȊȣȗȐȘȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȍ ȏțȉȣ DzȖȔȗȍȕșȈȞȐȧ ȖșȒȖȘȉ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ


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ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȍșȓȐ ȗȘȐ șȓȖȊȍ ©ȧȝȚȈª ȊȈȔ ȕȈ țȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȚ Ȍȍ-
ȊțȠȒȐ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ȠȍȏȓȖȕȋȐ șȚȦȈȘȌȣ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȒțȘȚȒȈȝ ȐȒȘȈ
Ȑ ȠȈȔȗȈȕșȒȖȍ Ȋȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȐ ȖȚ ȐșȚȐȕȣ ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ
ȔțȏȣȒȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȋ ȗȈȘțșȈȝ ȌȈȔ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȦȈȘȌ
ȕȈȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȒțȘȚȒȍ Ȉ ȕȈ ȒȖȔȈȕ-
Ȍȍ Ȑ ȘțȉȈȝ ȚȖȓȒȖȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȚțȏȍȔȞȈȔȐ ș ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȊȖȊ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȐșȤ șȈȔȣȔ ȘȈȏȕȣȔ ȞȊȍȚȖȔ
ȒȖȎȐ Ȑ ȚȍȓȖșȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȌȈ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȕȈ șȈȔȣȝ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȧȏȣ-
ȒȈȝ ȇȏȣȒȖȔ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȧȝȚȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȔȐȚȐȊȕȣȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑ-
șȒȐȑ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȣȑ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȋ ȗȍșȕȧȝ ȕȖ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ Ȍȓȧ ȏȈȌțȠȍȊȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ
ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȕȈȕȧȚȤ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȒȈ-
ȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ ǵȖ ȒțȌȈ ȚȈȔ
Dz șȟȈșȚȤȦ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǰ Ȓ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȦ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȒȈ ȟȈșȚȖ șȊȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȖȚȒțȗȖȘ-
Ȓȍ ȎȍșȚȧȕȖȒ ș ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ șȖșȐșȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȜȈșȖȓȤȦ Ǫȣ-
ȏȊȈȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐșțȡȍȑ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔ ǵȖȊȖȑ Ǩȕȋ-
ȓȐȐ ȉȍȘȍȎȓȐȊȖȑ țȔȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ
ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ ȐȌȍȚ ȘțȒȈ Ȗȉ ȘțȒț ș ȟȍșȚ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȣȗȐȘȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȍ — Ȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ș
ȗȘȐȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȍȍȓț
ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ©ǯȍȕȖȉȐȧª ȉȣȓ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȗȘȍȌȈȕ șȊȖȍȑ
ȞȍȓȐ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȧȝȚȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȚȤ
ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȐȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȕȖ ©ǯȍȕȖȉȐȧª ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ Ȑ
ȚȖȟȒȈ ǭȍ ȋȖȕȧȓȐ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȠȝțȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣȓȐȏȈȕȈ ȒȈȒ
ȒȖȠȈȟȤȧ ȠȒțȘȒȈ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȈ ǵȈ ȋȖ-
ȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȧȒȖȘȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȗȖȥȚț
ȓȍȉȍȌȍȔ Ȉ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȒȈ — ȗȓȈ-
ȊțȟȐȔ ȌȊȖȘȞȖȔ ǵȖ șȚȖȐȓȖ șȚțȗȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȒȈȒ ȧȝȚȈ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȓȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȖȒȍȈȕȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ ǷȖȊșȦȌț ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȊȐșȍȓȐ
șțȠȐȓȐșȤ ȐȓȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ șȍȚȐ ȚȘȈȓȣ Ȑ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȈȟȒȐ ǷȖ Ȗȉȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȜȖȒ-ȔȈȟȚȣ ȊȣșȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȤȍ-
ȌȍșȚȈȓȈȝ ȌȊȈ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈ ȊȣșȖȚȖȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ Ȋ ȘȖșȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ țȘȖȌȓȐȊȖȋȖ Ȑ șȍȘȖȋȖ ȕȍȘȎȈȊȍȦȡȍȋȖ
șȗȓȈȊȈ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȕȈ ©ǯȍȕȖȉȐȐª ȏȈȔȍȕȧȓ ȔȍȌȤ ȐȓȐ ȝȘȖȔ ȅȚȖ
ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ ȊȍȕȚȐȓȧȚȖȘȣ ǪȍȘȝțȠȒȐ Ȑȝ ȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȓȖȚ-
ȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ ȒȘȣȠȒȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȏȈȒțȗȖȘȍȕȣ ȍșȓȐ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ Ȑ


372
ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȡȐȡȍȕȣ ȖȚ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȕȐȧ șȖȓȍȕȖȑ ȊȓȈȋȐ ǷȖȊȍȘ-
ȕțȊ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȊȍȘȝțȠȍȒ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȊ ȏȈșȓȖȕȒț Ȑ ȏȈȋȓȧ-
ȕțȊ ȊȕțȚȘȤ Ȋȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȉȣ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ Ȋ
ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȋȓȈȏ ȒȐȕȖȒȈȔȍȘȣ
ǵȈ ȕȖșț ȗȖȌ ȉȘȍȏȍȕȚȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȖȚȒȐȕțȚȤ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȡ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ Ǫ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ șȒȈȔȤȧȝ-ȧȡȐȒȈȝ ȚȧȕțȊȠȐȝșȧ ȊȌȖȓȤ
ȜȈȓȤȠȉȖȘȚȈ ȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ ȖșȊȍȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȣ Ȑ șȐȋȕȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȘȈȒȍȚȣ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȏȈșȕȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȕȒț ȕȍȒȖȍ ȕȖȟ-
ȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȟȐȚȈȓ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ǰȕȈȟȍ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȓ Ȗȕ ȥȚȖ ȋȘȖ-
ȔȈȌȕȖȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȘȍȗȚȐȓȐȍȑ Ȑ
ȌȣȠȈȓȖ ȓȍȋȒȐȔȐ ȒțȌȈ ȟȈȡȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȌȕȍȔ
ǶȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȐșȒȈȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ Ƕȕ ș ȗȘȍȏ-
ȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȍȕșȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȔ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȔ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȈȎȈȔ Ȑ
ȉȖȘȖȌȈȚȣȔ ȠțȚȒȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȗȖȕȧ-
ȚȐȍȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȚȍȘȔȐȕ ©ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȧȡȍȘª Ǭȓȧ
ȒȘȈȚȒȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȍ Ȗȕ ȐȔȍȕȖȊȈȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ
©ȅȚȖª
ǷȖ ȊșȍȔț ǺȐȝȖȔț ȖȒȍȈȕț ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȗ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ dzȦ-
ȌȐ ȊȍȓȐ șȍȉȧ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȕȖ ȕȖ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȟȍȘȍșȟțȘ țȎ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒ-
ȕțȚȖ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȕȖ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ Ȑȝ ȊȖȏȌȍȘȎȐ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȐȘȖȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȑ Ȉ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȐ ȊȖș-
ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȍșȚȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȝȖȌ ȊșȍȘȤȍȏ ȐȔ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ Ȑȏȓȍ-
ȟȐȚȤ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȖșȚȐ ǺȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȖȕȐ ȧșȕȖ
ȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȟțȌȈȒȖȔ Ȉ ȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȘȈȏ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȓ ȗȖȘȚȖȊ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧȝȚȈ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȈ
ȗȘȐȗȈșȣ ȐȓȐ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȘȍȔȖȕȚ — ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ
DzșȚȈȚȐ ȓȐȟȕȖ ȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ șȒȍȗȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȕȖ ș ȘȈȌȖ-
șȚȤȦ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȐȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȌȖ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȧȡȍȘȈ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȔȐȘ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȓȐ-
Ƞȍȕȕȣȑ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȐȌȍȐ ȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ șȚȈȓ ȉȣ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ
ȉȍȌȕȍȍ Ȑ șȒțȟȕȍȍ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȖșȖȏȕȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ș ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȠȈ ȌȘțȎȉȈ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕ
ȟȍșȚȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȠȈȕșȖȊ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȖȌȐȕ
ȕȈ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ țȔȖȔ ȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ ȍșȓȐ
ȚȘȈȚȐȚ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ǵȖ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȐ-
ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓȖ


373
— ǸȈȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȑȌț — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ Ȗ ȏȔȍȍ — ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȋȌȍ
ȐșȒȈȚȤ
ǭȋȖ ȚȍȖȘȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȖșȚȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ ȏȊț-
ȟȈȓȈ ȓȖȋȐȟȕȖ
ǯȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȑ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ
ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȈȝ Ȑ șȈȔȖȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȘȈ-
ȞȐȖȕȍ Ǩ țȏȕȈȊ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȟȈȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȍȚșȧ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȉȣȟȈ Ȋȣ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚȍ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȕȍȗȓȖȝȖȑ ȒȓȦȟ Ȓ
ȗȖȐșȒȈȔ
ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ șȖȉȘȈȓ Ȑ șțȔȔȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘ-
ȕȣȍ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ ǹ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȉȣ ȒȖȕȞȈ șȊȍȚȈ ȕȐ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȥȚȐ
șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ-Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȣȑ
ȚȐȗ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ ȕȍ șȖșȚȈȊȐȓȖ ȚȘțȌȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ
șȖșȚȈȊȕȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȥȒșȗȍȘȚȖȔ
ǵȈ ȘȐșțȕȒȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȈ ȘȍȗȚȐȓȐȧ ȗȖȝȖȎȈȧ
ȕȈ ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘȈ ȕȖ ȒȘțȗȕȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȋȖ ȐșȒȖȗȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȏȐȖ-
ȏȈȊȘȈ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋ ȊȖșȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ȜțȚȖȊ ȉȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ
ȌȦȑȔȖȊ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ șȖșȚȖȧȓȈ ȏȈȋȊȖȏȌȒȈ
ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȏȈȚȘȈȚȈȝ ȗȖ șȖ-
ȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȦ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȓȐȠȕȐȑ ȜțȚ ȌȓȐȕȣ ȧȝȚȣ Ƕȕ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȊȖșȤȔȐȌȍșȧȚȐȜțȚȖȊȣȑ ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘ ȉȣȓ ȝȖȘȖȠ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ
ȚȍȖȘȐȐ dzȍȋȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌșȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋȍș ȌȐȈȔȍȚȘ țȒț-
șȈ ȐȓȐ ȘȈȏȔȍȘ Șȣȉȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȍȋȖ țȏȒțȦ ȋȓȖȚ-
Ȓț
— ǺȈȒȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȏȈȚȘȈȚȐȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ȋȓȖȚȈȧ ȗȖ
ȖȌȕȖȑ Șȣȉ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈ ȟȍȔ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȍȚ Ȑȏ ȗȐȡȐ — ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȐȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ — ǵțȎȕȖ ȍȡȍ țȟȍșȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȚȈȐ șȍȓȤȌȐ ȔȈȒ-
ȘȍȓȐ ȗȐȒȠȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔ Ȋ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎ-
ȕȣȝ ȊȖȌȈȝ Ȑ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ ȘȣȉȕȖȑ ȓȖȊȓȐ
ȘȣȉȈȒȐ ȖȝȖȚȧȚșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȌȕȍȔ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ǹțȡȍșȚȊț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ
ȌȣȠȐȚ ȓȍȋȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȈșȚȖ ȊȣȕȣȘȐȊȈȚȤ
ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȗȐȚȈȑșȧ ȖȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȘȣȉȈȔȐ Ȕȣ ȏȕȈȓȐ
ȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȝțȎȍ ȟȍȔ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒțȦ ȈȒțȓț Ǩ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȖȕȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ
ȉȣ ȊȣȔȍȘȓȖ — șȓȈȉȣȍ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ȕȍ șȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȏȈȡȐȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȖȚ ȒȖșȈȚȖȒ ȐȓȐ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȓȐșȐȞ ȍșȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ș ȕȐȔ
ȕȍ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȐ ȉȣ ȒȈȘȝȈȘȖȌȖȕȣ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȈȒțȓȣ ȔȐȖ-
ȞȍȕȈ


374
— ǭșȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ Ȋȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȓȐ
ȊȈȠȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
— ȇ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȒȈȎțșȤ ȗȘȈȊ — ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ — ǪȗȈȓ
Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȚȖșȒț ǵȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȚȖ
ȓȦȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȋȖ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ Ȋ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȗȓȖȝȖȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȦȚ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖșȚȐȎȐȔȖȍ ȉțȌțȚ șȒȓȖȕȕȣ ȗȘȍ-
țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȣȑ ȈșȗȍȒȚ țȊȐȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǷȖ-
ȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȋȐȉȒȈȧ Ƞȍȧ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȐȔ ȍȡȍ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȍȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȡȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ Ȑ ȚȖȔț ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȇ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȘȍȉȧȚ Ȑȏ ǰȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ ȗȘȐȒȓȈȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȘȧȌ ȚȍșȚȖȊ ǶȕȐ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȐ ȖȚ-
ȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚȖȊ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȧ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȐȔ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȑȝ șȖ-
ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȘȐșțȕȖȒ Ǫ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ
ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖ — Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȓȐșȚ — ǵȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ șțȌȐȚȤ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȖȟȍȊȐȌ-
Ȟȣ
— DzȈȒ Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȘȍȒȓȧȚȖȑ ȠȚțȒȍ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȠȍșȚȐ ȜțȚȖȊ
ȌȓȐȕȣ — țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȧ — Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȋȣ ȗȣȚȈȍȚȍșȤ ȗȖȌȖȋ-
ȕȈȚȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȖȌ țȔȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ
— ǪȖȊșȍ ȕȍȚ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ Ȋșȍ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȓ ǵȈ-
ȕȧȓ ȐȝȚȐȖȓȖȋȈ Ȑ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȈ ȗȖ ȘȍȗȚȐȓȐȧȔ Ȑ ȌȈȓ ȐȔ ȏȈȌȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȉȣ ȔȈȒșȐȔȈȓȤȕȖ
ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȓ ȠȍșȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐȜțȚȖȊȖȔț ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘț ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ
ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȕȣȔ Ȋ șȔȣșȓȍ ȘȈȞȐȖȕȈ ȏȈȚȘȈȚ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ șȈȔȖȏȈȡȐ-
Țȣ Ȑ ȚȖȔț ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ǶȕȐ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȊȈȘȐȈȕ-
ȚȈ Ǵȍȕȧ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ — Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȘȐ-
șțȕȖȒ — ǹȘȈȊȕȐȊ ȘȐșțȕȖȒ ș ȊȍȘșȐȍȑ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȖȊ Ȋȣ țȉȍȌȐ-
ȚȍșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȚȈȝ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ șȖȊȗȈȌȈȦȚ
— Ǵȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ǭșȓȐ țȎ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ
ȧȡȍȘȈ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȦ ȊȖșȤȔȐȌȍșȧȚȐȜțȚȖȊȐȒȈ
— ȅȚȖȚ ȊȍșȐȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ — Ȑ Ȗȕ Ȋȍ-
ȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȘȈȏ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ǭȋȖ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣ ȖȚȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȚȤ ȒțșȖȒ ȕȈ ȚȘȐ ȜțȚȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȅȚȖȚ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȘȈȏȖȔ
ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȉȈȘȘȈȒțȌț ǵȈ ȌȍȓȤȜȐȕȈ ȍȔț ȝȊȈȚȐȚ
ȌȊțȝ ȏȈȝȖȌȖȊ ǺȈȒȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȉțȌȍȚ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ șȚȈȧȔȐ
ȚțȕȞȈ ȈȓȤȉȈȒȖȘȈ — ȓȦȉȖȑ Șȣȉȣ ȊȍșȖȔ ȖȚ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȌȖ


375
șȚȈ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȜțȕȚȖȊ ǵȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȚȘȍșȒȐ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț ȕȍ ȚȘȍșȒȐ"
— ǸȣȉȈȒȐ ǭȋȖ ȉȣ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ
— ǨȋȈ
— ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȚȘȍșȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ
— ǽȔ ǬȊȍ ȐșȗȖȘȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȒȐ ȕȍ șȓȖȎȈȚșȧ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȍ.
ǵȖ Ȋ ȊȈȠȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȔȣșȓ
ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȌȖȉȐȚȤ-
șȧ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȘȚȣ Ȑ șȝȍ-
Ȕȣ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȍȋȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǶȕȐ
ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȐ șȍȏȖȕȕȣȍ ȔȐȋȘȈȞȐȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȣȝ Șȣȉ Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȖ Ȗȕ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȌȈȕȕȣȔ Ȗ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȍȓȒȐȝ ȘȣȉȍȠȒȈȝ șȓțȎȐȊȠȐȝ
ȗȐȡȍȑ ȒȘțȗȕȣȔ Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȧȓ ȗȐȡȍȊȣȍ ȞȍȗȖȟȒȐ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȓȍȑ ȗȓȈȕȒȚȖȕȈ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘț șȓȖȍȊ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȚȈȒ
ȌȈȓȍȍ ǶȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ș țȟȍȚȖȔ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȜȈ-
ȒȚȖȘȖȊ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȦ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȚȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȖȊȈȓ
ș ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȚțȚ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȌȈȚȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȋȘȖȔȈȌ-
ȕȣȔ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȖȌȈȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ
ǿȐȓȐ ȌȖ ǨȓȍțȚȖȊ.
ǺȈȒȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȐȑ țȟȈșȚȖȒ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ. ȇ țȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ
ȌȊțȝ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȍȝ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȧȝ
ǺȈȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ Ȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȕȣȝ ȓȐȕȐȑ ȇ Șȍ-
ȋțȓȧȘȕȖ ȌȍȎțȘȐȓ Ȋ ȊȖȘȖȕȤȍȔ ȋȕȍȏȌȍ — ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ țȚȘȖȔ Ȑ ȌȊȈ
ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ǵȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ șȐȌȍȚȤ ȌȍȕȤ ȏȈ ȌȕȍȔ Ȑ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ
ș ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȧ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȌțȠȐ Ȋ șȈȔț ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȓȦȉȐȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ Ȑ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐ-
ȓȖ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȟȍȔ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȧȡȍ-
ȘȈ ȕȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȋȓȈȌȐ ȐȓȐ șȐȕȐȝ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ǮȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ
ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȧȡȍȘȈ ȕȈȌȍȓȧȓȖ ȔțșȒțȓȐșȚȣȔȐ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȔȐ
ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȔȐȔȖ șȚȊȖȓ ȗȈȓȤȔȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ Ȋȣ-
ȗȘȣȋȕțȊȠȍȔ ȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȌȍȓȤȜȐȕȍ ȕȈȔ ȊȐȌȍȓȈșȤ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȈȧ ȔȖȒȘȈȧ ȒȖȎȐșȚȈȧ Ƞȍȧ
ǴȖȧ ȘțȒȈ ȖȗȍȘȍȎȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȓ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ
ȒȕȖȗȒȍ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȅȚȈ ȒȕȖȗȒȈ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȒȕȖȗȒȐ ȕȈ
ȕȖșț Ȑ ț ȠȚțȘȊȈȓȈ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȣ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈȔȐ ș ȏțȔȔȍȘȖȔ
Ȋ ȒȈȦȚȍ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ ǵȖ ȏțȔȔȍȘ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ȠȐȘȤ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈ ȌȍȕȤ
ȏȈ ȌȕȍȔ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖȑ


376
ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȣȔ ȕȈȊȐȋȈȚȖȘȖȔ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ țȚȘȖȔ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȈȘșȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ șȕȐȏț șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȧ
ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȇ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȎț
— Ȑ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȊ Ȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ
ȕȍȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȝȖȓȔ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖ ȚȖȕȒȈȧ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠȕȈȧ ȓȐȕȐȧ Ȋ ȔȍșȚȍ șȖȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ-
ȉȈ Ȑ ȔȖȘȧ
— ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȐȎț ǯȍȔȓȧ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȏȍȔȓȧ
— ȅȚȖ ǷȈțȔȖȈ
Ƕȕ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȐȌȍȔ ȕȈ ǷȈțȔȖȈ —
ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȐȏȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȘȝȐȗȍȓȈȋȈ Ȓ
șȍȊȍȘȖ-ȊȖșȚȖȒț ȖȚ ǴȈȘȒȐȏșȒȐȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȎȐȊțȚ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȐȓȐ Ȍȍ-
șȧȚȤ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȍȊ Ȑ ȟȚȖ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȐȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȖȏȧȚ ȗȖȟȚț ǶȝȖȚȕȐȟȤȧ ȚȘȖȗȈ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ȗȧȚȐȌȍ-
ȚȐ ȔȐȓȧȝ ȖȚ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȗț-
ȚȐ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȚțȌȈ DzȈȒ ȕȐ ȔȖȘȡȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐ ȋȘțȉȣȝ ȠțȚȒȈȝ Ȗ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ țȘȖȎȍȕȞȍȔ ǵȖȊȖȑ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ Ȑ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȓȦȌȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȗȖȟȚț
ǶșȚȘȖȊ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȐȏȖȋȕțȚȖȑ șȗȐȕȖȑ ȒȐȚȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ
ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȗȍȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȕȈȔȍȒȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȒȖșȖȊȣȍ ȗȈȓȤ-
Ȕȣ Ȑ șȒțȒț ȇ ȖȚȓȖȎȐȓ șȓȈȉȣȑ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȖȗȚȐȟȍ-
șȒțȦ ȚȘțȉț ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȧșȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȋȈȊȈȕȤ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȉțȕȋȈȓȖ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ
ȖșȚȘȖȊȐȚȧȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȧȝȚț Ƕȕ ȒȖȏȣȘȤȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȓ ȘțȒț ȒȖ
ȓȉț ȏȈȔȈȝȈȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȈș ǰȏ ȉțȕȋȈȓȖ Ȋȣ-
Ƞȍȓ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȉȐȕȖȒȓȍȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ǶȉȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ
șȚȖȧȊȠȍȔț ȗȖȖȌȈȓȤ ȌȎȐȗț ǬȎȐȗ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȓ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ Ȑ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ț ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȉțȕȋȈȓȖ DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȒȚȖ-
ȚȖ șȍȓ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ǬȎȐȗ șȕȖȊȈ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȋ ȗȈȓȤȔȖȊȖȑ ȘȖ-
ȡȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȗȖ țȏȒȖȑ ȒȖȓȍȍ
Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȏȈ ȝȖȓȔȖȔ
Dz ȚȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ
ȕȈș ǪȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖȋȓȈȏȍȚȤ ț ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ — ț ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ
ȊȍȚȍȘ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȚȐȝ ǬȍȕȤ țȎȍ ȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ©ǯȍȕȖȉȐȧª ȘȈșȗțșȚȐȊ Ȋșȍ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ
ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȗȓȣȓȈ Ȋ ȋȈȊȈȕȤ ǷȈțȔȖȈ


377
— DzȈȒȈȧ țȕȣȓȈȧ ȌȣȘȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǿȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȏȈ-
ȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ" DzȖȗȘȖȑ"
— DzȖȗȘȖȑ Ȑ ȘȈȒțȠȒȈȔȐ ǶȌȐȕ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȊȣșțȠȐȊȈȍȚ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȐȍ ȖȋțȘȞȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȈȍȚ Ȑȝ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔ ȗȍȘȍȒțȗȡȐȒȈȔ ȗȖ Ȋșȍ-
Ȕț ȔȐȘț DzȈȒ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȕȖȊȣȑ ǫȖȋȍȕ Ȑȏ ǹȈȕ-ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȖ
ȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ
— DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȋȖȘȓȖ Ȑȏ ȟȐșȚȖȑ
șȒțȒȐ"
— ǵț ȖȕȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȐȋȘȈȦȚ Ȋ ȗȖȒȍȘ Ȑ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȌțȔȈȓȐ șȗȖșȖȉ ȕȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȕȈ ȕȍȘȊȣ
— Ǵ-ȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȕȍȍ
ǵȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȒȖȒȖșȖȊȣȝ ȗȈ-
ȓȤȔ Ȉ ȖȕȐ Ȕȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȧȚșȧ
 Ȑ ȚȘȍȒȓȧȚȣȝ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖ-
Ȋȣȝ ȉțȕȋȈȓȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȣȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖ ȗȖȟȚȍ Ȑȏ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȒȈȚȈ-
ȓȖȋȈ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȏȈ ȋȈȏȖȕȣ ș ȗȍșȚȘȣȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈ-
ȔȐ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȉțȕȋȈȓȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȋȘțȌȈȔȐ ȎȍșȚȧȕȖȒ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȒȖȕ-
șȍȘȊȖȊ — ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȗȘȖȘȎȈȊȍȊȠȐȝ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȍȡȍ ș ȥȚȐȒȍȚȒȈȔȐ
ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ Ȕȣ țȎȍ șȖȠȓȐ
ȕȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȤ ȋȌȍ ȕȈș ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȔȍșȚȕȣȍ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ Ȋ ȠȖȘ-
ȚȈȝ Ȑ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕȣȝ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȠȓȍȔȈȝ ǰ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ,
ȕȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌțȠȕȖ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȍșȚȕȣȝ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ǩȘȦ-
ȊȍȘ — ț ȕȈș ȚțȚ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȌȊȖȍ ȕȖȊȍȕȤȒȐȝ ș ȇȊȣ
Ǵȣ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȐ Ȑȝ ȗȖȗȖȚȍȚȤ ǹȚȖȐȓȖ ȕȈȔ ȊȈș ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ
ȖȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ ȘȐȑșȚȈȜȍȓȤ Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ
ȖȉȍȌ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȖȉȐȌȧȚșȧ ǿȍȘȚ Ȋȣ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȖȉȐ-
ȌȍȚȤ ȗȈȘț ȘȍȉȧȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȓȌȕȧ ȎȈȘȐȓȐșȤ ț ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȗȓȐȚȣ
ȋȖȚȖȊȧ ȊȈȔ ȖȉȍȌ
ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȉȘȈȚȤ ȔȍȠȖȒ ș ȐșȝȖȌȧȡȍȑ ȗȖȟ-
ȚȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȖȚȗȓȣȚȤ ǵȖ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȒȖ-
ȋȖ-ȚȖ ȖȉȐȌȍȚȤ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȧȓȈ ȍȔț ȉȖȓȤ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȔȖȚ-
Șȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȏȈȚȈȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȖȑ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȗȘȐȌț ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ Ǫ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ Ȋ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍșȚȊȍ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ
 ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ǼȐȞȌȎȍȘȈȓȤȌ
ȉȣȓ ȗȘȈȊ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȊȈș Ȑ ȖȚ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ǷȖȌțȔȈȊ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȊȒțȠȈȧ ȘȐȑșȚȈȜȍȓȤ ȧ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ
ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȟȚȖ ȌȖ ȕȖȟȐ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȍȚșȧ Ȉ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȍȔ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȕȍȔȍȌ-


378
ȓȍȕȕȖ șȌȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ Ȕȣ țȎȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȗȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȐ
ȉȍșȍȌțȧ ș ȖșȚȘȖȊȐȚȧȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȏȈȒȈȚ
ǷȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈȔ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ șȓȖȊȈ ǫȓȍȕ-
Ȋȍȧ Ȗ șȗȖșȖȉȍ ȕȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȕȈ ȕȍȘȊȣ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ
șȍȑȟȈș ȥȚȖȑ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȖȑ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈȌȐ ȕȍȋȖ ǷȘȐ ȒȈȎ-
ȌȖȔ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȐ ȝȖȏȧȍȊ ȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕțȦ
ȧȔț — Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȠȒȈ ȗȘȐȏȍȔȓȧȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ Ȕȧȋ-
ȒȐȍ ȓȈȗȣ ǰȔ ȉȣȓ ȧȊȕȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȗȖȐșȒȖȊ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ
Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȟȈșȚȖ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȕȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȓȐ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȑ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȑ ȚȈȒȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȔȍȚȍ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ șȍȒțȕȌ ǵȈȘțȠȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǩȘȦ-
ȊȍȘ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȚȍșȕȧȓ Ȑȏ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ǶȉȍȌ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȈȓșȧ țȎȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȍȓȖȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
ȗȘȖșȓȍȌțȍȚ ȓȐ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȖȉȣȟȕȖȔț ȔȈȘȠȘțȚț Ȑ
ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȓȐ Ȋ șȖȚȕȍ ȔȐȓȤ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȐȓȐ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȔȐȔȖ șȍȊȍȘ-
ȕȖȑ ȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ
ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ
ȔȈȘȠȘțȚț
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȐȒ ǩȘȦȊȍȘ ș ȕȈȐȋȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȉȘȍȎ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ȘȖȕȧȧ șȓȖȊȈ — ȚȈȒ ȐȋȘȖȒ ș ȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ ȒȈȘȚȖȑ ȕȈ ȘțȒȍ Ȑ
ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔ ȉȈȕȒȖȔ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȊȣȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȒȍȘȕȣȍ ȜȐȠȒȐ
— Ȋȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȚȖȊșȒȐ ȌȖȉȘțȦ țșȓțȋț ȖȌȕȖȔț ȗȈȘ-
ȕȦ ǭșȓȐ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚȍșȤ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
— DzȈȒțȦ țșȓțȋț"— șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ — ǰ ȒȈȒȖȔț ȍȡȍ ȗȈȘ-
ȕȦ"— Ǫȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ șȓȍȊȈ ȖȚ
ǩȘȦȊȍȘȈ — ǭȋȖ ȏȖȊțȚ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ Ƕȕ ȠțȘȐȕ ȏȧȚȧ ǿȈȘȓȐ ȍșȓȐ
ȥȚȖ ȊȈȔ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
— Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ șȦȌȈ ȗȖȊȐȌȈȚȤșȧ ș ǿȈȘȓȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȡȍ
ȖȌȐȕ — ǷȘȐȗȓȣȓ ȕȈ ȗȖșțȌȐȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȖȏȐȚ ȒȖȗȘț ȕȖ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȣȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ șȦȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȚ ǪȖȚ Ȑ
ȏȈșȚȘȧȓ
— ǩȍȌȕȧȋȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȌȖȘȖȊȐȚșȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȉȓȐ-
ȎȈȑȠȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȌȖȉȍȘȍȚșȧ ȌȖ ǺȖȒȐȖ
— Ǫ Țȍȝ ȠȐȘȖȚȈȝ ȊȈȔ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȗȖȗȈȌȍȚșȧ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȐȌț-
ȡȐȑ Ȋ ȇȗȖȕȐȦ
— dzȦȉȖȑ ȉțȒșȐȘ ȚȈȕȒȍȘ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ Ǫșȍ, ȟȚȖ țȋȖȌ-
ȕȖ Ƕȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȊȈȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȍȕ


379
ǶȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȗȖ ȒȘțȋț ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ
ȖȕȐ ȗȖ șȓȖȊȈȔ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȐȋȘȈȦȚ Ȋ ȗȖȒȍȘ ǰ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȊȣȠȈȓȐ șȚȈȊȒȐ
— ǮȈȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕțȎȕȖ țȍȏȎȈȚȤ — ȊȍșȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȒȍȘȕȣȑ
ȌȐȓȍȘ ȗȖȌȣȚȖȎȐȓ ǩȘȦȊȍȘ — Ƕȕ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȣȑ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȥȚȖȚ ǩȖȉ
ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ǵȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȍȌȖȓȈȋȐ ȥȚȖ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ Ȗȕ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȚ ȏȈ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȍȍ
ȍșȓȐ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ
—ǵȍȊȚȖȔȌȍȓȖ —șȒȈȏȈȓǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ —ǵȖȧșȕȐȔȍȡȍȕȍ
ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ
— Ƕȕ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȘȦȊȍȘ — ǻȍȝȈȓ
ȕȈ ȌȎȐȗȍ ș ǬȎȖȕȕȐ ǸȥȍȔ ȔȐȕțȚ ȏȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ
ȊȈș ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ
— ǯȈȉȈȊȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ țȚȘȍȕȕȦȦ șȞȍȕȒț
— ǿȍȘȚȖȊșȒȐ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȖ — ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓ ǩȘȦȊȍȘ — ǬȈ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȟȍȘȚȖȊșȒȐ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈșȚȘȧȕȍȚ Ƕȕ ȊșȍȋȖ-ȚȖ șȖ-
ȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȗȖȌșȖȉȐȚȤ ǬȎȖȕȕȐ ǪȈȔ ȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȕȈ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȕț ǩȖȉȈ — ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȦ — Ȋȣ ȉȣ ș
ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȊȣȘțȟȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȉȍȌȣ
— dzȈȌȕȖ ȧ ȊȖȏȤȔț ȍȋȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ — ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘ-
ȕȍȚșȧ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȕȈș ȗȖȌȊȍȓ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȋȘȈȜȐȒȈ
ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȐ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ
— ǪȗȖȓȕȍ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ — șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ǩȘȦȊȍȘ — ǭșȓȐ Ȗȕ
ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋȣ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ǶȗȖȏȌȈȍȚ — ȏȕȈ-
ȟȐȚ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȏȓȖ ǭȡȍ ȘȐșȈ" DzțȘȐȞȣ" DzȘȍȊȍȚȖȒ" ȅȑ ȉȖȑ
ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐ-ȒȈ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ȅȉȉȖȚȈ
ǶȉȍȌ ȌȓȐȓșȧ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȔȐș-
ȚȍȘȈ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȈ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȚȧȎȍȓȈȧ ȓȐșȚȊȈ ȕȈȌ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȏȈȠțȘ-
ȠȈȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ǷȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȎȌȈȚȤ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ Ǵȣ șȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ
ǭȌȊȈ Ȕȣ ș ǫȓȍȕȊȍȍȔ țșȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȠȓȦȗȒț ȒȈȒ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ țȒȈȏȈȓ
ȕȈȏȈȌ Ǵȣ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȍȌȈȘȖȔ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧȝ
ȓȦȌȧȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍ șȖȊȍȚțȦȚ ȖȉȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȚȤșȧ
 ȏȈ ȝȖȓȔȖȔ ȒȈȒ
ȓțȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȖȏȈȘȐȓȐ ȕȍȉȖ ȓțȟȐ ȜȈȘ
— ȅȚȖ ǩȖȉ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȘȦȊȍȘ — ǵȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȍȋȖ ȎȌȈȚȤ Ƕȕ
ȔȐȋȖȔ șȖȉȍȘȍȚșȧ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȔ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȚȖȘȒȍ ȕȍ țșȗȍȍȚȍ
Ȋȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȧȒȖȘȤ


380
ǵț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȚȘȖȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ
ȗțȚȤ Ȓ ȉȖȘȚț ȗȖȌȗȓȣȓȈ ȓȖȌȒȈ ș ȔȐșȚȍȘȖȔ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȖȔ Ȑ ȍȋȖ
ȉȈȋȈȎȖȔ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ǰȏ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȧȏȣȒȐ țșȚȈȊȠȐȝ șȖ-
ȉȈȒ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȒȓȖȟȒȐ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ Ȑ șȈȔ
ȏȈȗȣȝȈȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȗȖ ȚȘȈȗț Ȑ șȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ǩȣȓȖ Ȋ
ȕȍȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ǹȗȍȘȊȈ ȧ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȘȈș-
ȒȘȈșȕȍȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ
șȖȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȗȍȠȒȍ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ,
ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ Ȑ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ȗȖȌ ȥȒȊȈȚȖȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȔ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ
ȒȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȖȉȓȍȏȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȋȣȋȓȧ-
ȌȍȓȖ ȖȕȖ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȊȍșȍȓȐȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȝȖȌ-
ȕȣȍ Ȋ ǨȚȓȈȕȚȐȒ-ǹȐȚȐ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕ-
ȞȖȊ Ȕȕȍ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓșȧ ȔȈșșȐȊȕȣȑ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖ ȐȏȖȋȕțȚȣȑ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȖȋȖȘȓȣȑ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȍȚ
ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȌțȝȖȊȣȝ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȈȝ ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȗȉȧ-
ȏȈȕ ȋțȌȍȚȤ ȊȖ ȊșȦ ȔȖȟȤ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȊȌȘțȋ ȔȖȓȟȐȚ ȊȖȚ-ȊȖȚ ȏȈ-
ȋȖȓȖșȐȚ ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȐȕșȚ-
ȘțȔȍȕȚ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ — ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ
ǩȘȦȊȍȘ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖȡȈȓșȧ ǵȈȠ
ȋȖșȚȤ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȐ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ
ȏȈȕȧȚȣȑ ȖȚȗȓȣȚȐȍȔ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț —
Ȑ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ƕȕ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȊșȓȍȌ ȔȖȚȖȘȒȍ
ș ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȇ ȖȚȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȊȖȉȖȌȕțȦ
ȒȈȦȚț șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒ ț ȕȈș Ȋ șȍȔȤ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȕȍ ȕțȎ-
ȌȈȍȚșȧ ȓȐ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȟȍȔ-ȓȐȉȖ ȌȖ ȖȚȝȖȌȈ ȒȖ șȕț Ƕȕ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȚȖ
ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
— ȇ ȚȈȒ șȔȍȠȐȓ ȥȚȐȝ ȘȍȉȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖ ȗȖȓț ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ
— ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș Ȗȕ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȐȐ — Ǫșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȗȖ ȗȖȓț ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ
— ǹȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǻȊȐȌȐȔșȧ țȚȘȖȔ
ǵȈțȚȘȖ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȏȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȖȔ Ƕȕ
ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȗȖȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȓșȧ șȍȓ Ȑ țșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȘȍȓȒț ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ
ȐȏȊȐȕȐȓșȧ ȏȈ șȊȖȦ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȦȦ ȏȈȕȧȚȖșȚȤ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȚȤ,
ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȐȌțȡȐȑ Ȋ ǺȖȒȐȖ ȐȓȐ ǰȖ-
ȒȖȋȈȔț ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȓȍȊȠȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȚȈȒ Ȋ ȚȘȖȗȐ-
ȒȈȝ șȍȘȖ-ȋȖȓțȉȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ȕȖȟȐ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ ȧșȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȜȈȕȜȈȘȈȔȐ Ȍȕȧ Ƕȕ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȓșȧ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȚȍȗȓȖȔ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ


381
șȔȍȝȖȔ — ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȎȍȓȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
— ȇ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȏȕȈȓ — ȗȘȖȊȖȏȋȓȈșȐȓ Ȗȕ. — ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ
șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȋȘț-
ȏȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȓȦȋȋȍȘ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȕț ȐȏȉȈ-
ȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ" ǽȖȘȖȠȖ Ȏȍ ȖȕȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȉȌțȘȐȓȐ
ǿȚȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȣ ȗȖșȔȍȧȚȤșȧ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ǪȟȍȘȈ
ȖȕȐ ȒȓȧȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȐȌȍȚȍ Ȋ dzȐȔț Ȋ ǷȍȘț
— ǶȕȐ Ȕȕȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ — ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ țȗȖȘ
ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ — ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȊȈȎȕȖ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ Ȋ ǺȖ-
ȒȐȖǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ Ƞȓȍȗȕțȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȖ ȗțȝȓȖȑ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȖȑ ȓȧȎ-
Ȓȍ
— ȅȚȐ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȈ dzțȕț
ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ȚȘȍȒȓȧȚȖȑ ȘȈȒȍȚȍ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȣ ȗȖșȔȍȧȚȤșȧ ǶȕȐ Ȑ
ȊȈș ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ ǰȏ ǺȖȒȐȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȉ ȕțȎȕȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ dzȐȔț ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔț-ȚȖ ȖȕȐ Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȊȈ ǵȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȒțȌȈ Ȋȣ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚȍșȤ
— ǪȘȍȔȍȕȐ ț ȕȈș ȔȈȓȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ — ȕȖ ȧ ȋȖȚȖȊ
ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȏȚȐ ȊȈș ȕȈ ǷȈțȔȖȈ
— ǵȐ Ȋ ȒȖȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ — ȊșȗȖȓȖȠȐȓșȧ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ — ȅȚȖ ȝȖ-
ȘȖȠȈȧ ȠțȚȒȈ Ȑ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȉȍȘȐ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȍȍ ȐșȗȖȘȟț ȇ
ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊțȦ ȗȖ ȔȐȘț ȏȕȈȒȖȔȓȦșȤ ș ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ǿȍșȚȕȖ
ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȍșȚȤ Ȋ ǺȖȒȐȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȧȗȖȕȖȟȒȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ
ȕȍ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȓ ȉȣ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȊȐșȚȍȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȒȚȖȊ Ȑȏ ©ǴȈ-
ȌȈȔ ǩȈȚȚȍȘȜȓȧȑª
— ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǷȖȟȚȐ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ǬțȔȈȦ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȘȈ ȕȈ ȔȈȟȚț
— ǵȈ ȔȈȟȚț" — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ — ǯȊțȟȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖ-
șȖȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȖȘȧȞȒȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȇ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȓ
ȕȈ ȗȈȘțșȕȐȒȍ Ǫȣ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ Ȗ șȊȈȑ-
ȒȈȝ ȒȖȕȞȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȍȑ ȌȘȍȉȍȌȍȕȐ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȣȒȈȚȐȚȤ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȍ
ȉȖȟȖȕȖȒ ȘȖȔț ǫȖȊȖȘȦ ȊȈȔ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ Ȑȏ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ȗȍȘȊȖșȚȈ-
Țȍȑȕȣȑ ȔȖȘȧȒ ǺȈȒ ș ȟȍȋȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋȣ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȈȟȚț"
— ǷȖșȐȎț ȟȈșȈ ȌȊȈ Ȋ ȊȖȘȖȕȤȍȔ ȋȕȍȏȌȍ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ" Ǫȣ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȣșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȚȍ"


382
ǭȡȍ ȕȍ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȊ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ șȗȍȘ-
ȊȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȈ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȖȒȖȘȖȒ Ȑ ȔȈșȒț ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȈȒȚȍȘȈ — ș ȚȈ-
ȒȐȔ țșȐȓȐȍȔ Ȗȕ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓ ȌȊȈ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ǵȍ șȊȖȌȧ ȋȓȈȏ ș ǫȓȍȕ-
Ȋȍȧ Ȗȕ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ țȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȈȓȍȞ ǵȐȎ-
ȕȧȧ ȜȈȓȈȕȋȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȈ ȗȖȘȖșȓȈ ȏȈȊȐȚȒȈȔȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖ-Șȣ-
ȎȐȝ ȉȓȍșȚȍȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȊȖȓȖș ȖȟȍȕȤ ȎȍșȚȒȐȝ Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȝ
ȕȈ ȊȐȌ ǷȈȓȍȞ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȜțȚȍ ȖȚ ȘȍȉȍȘ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ ȕȖ Ȋȣ-
ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȖȚȒȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȐȝ
ȌȈ Ȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȕȣȓȖ ȗȖȌ ȘȍȉȘȈȔȐ
— ȅȉȉȖȚ — ș ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȔ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ — Ǻȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ Ȋȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖșȚȐ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȇ
ȌțȔȈȓ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȊȈȠȍ ȐȔȧ Ȕȕȍ
ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȖ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ǴȖȘȋȈȕ ȅȉȉȖȚ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ
ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗ ȊȈș ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ǷȚȐȟȒȐ ȕȈȗȍȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȗȍșȍȕ-
ȒȐ Ǫȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȎȍȕȈȚȣ ȕȈ ǺȖȘȍ ǪȈȑȉȖȘȋ Ǫȣ ȗȓȈȊȈȍȚȍ ȗȖ ȖȒȍȈ-
ȕț Ȑ ȐȡȍȚȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȈ
ȌȖȓȦ șȍȒțȕȌȣ ȗȘȖȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍȍ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȟțȚȤ
ȗȖȗȧȚȐȓșȧ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ —
ǵț ȌȈ ǵțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȊȈȠȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȉȣ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚț ȊȚȖȘȖșȖȘȚȕțȦ ȌȘȍȊȕȦȦ ȟțȠȤ
Dz ȚȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ șȖȉȖȑ Ȉ ȥȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȕȖȊȤ șȚȈȓ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȍȒ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȍȑ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȚȤ ȕȍȊȍȎȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȋȖșȚȦ
ȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȣȔ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȕȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȋ ȏȈȡȐ-
Țț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȧȡȍȘȈ
— ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ — ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȊȣȌȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ȋȣ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
Ȕȣ șȖ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔȐ
ǰ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȖșȚȖȑ-
ȕȣȝ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȞȍȊ Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐ ȖȌȕȖ
Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȖȍ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ Ȋ șȈȔȣȝ
ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȠȐȘȖȚȈȝ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȕțȓ ȕȈȓȐȟȐȍ ȘȈȗȖȘȚȖȊ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ
Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȊ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ Ȑ țȊȍȕȟȈȓ șȗȐșȖȒ țȗȖȔȐȕȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȘȍȗȚȐȓȐȐ ȒȈȒȖȊțȦ ȧșȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȚȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȋȘȍȠȐ-
Ȕȣȍ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ ș ȉȖȘȚȈ ©ǶșȉȖȘȕȈª ȧȝȚȣ șȈȔȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊȣ
ǪȐȒȚȖȘȐȐ


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ǻȓȣȉȒȈ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋșȍ ȠȐȘȍ ǻșȓȣȠȈȊ ȗȘȖ
©ǶșȉȖȘȕª Ȗȕ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȗȖȝȓȖȗȈȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȉȘȈȚȍȞ" ǺȈȔ ȉțȓȚȣȝȈȓȈșȤ
șȈȔȈ șȚȈȘțȠȒȈ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȐȧ ǶȕȈ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȕȣȘȧȚȤ
ǿȚȖ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ" — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ șȚȦȈȘȌț țȉȐ-
ȘȈȊȠȍȔț șȖ șȚȖȓȈ — ǪȖȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ǨȓȤȉȍȘȚ ȗȖȚȘȐ Ȕȕȍ șȗȐȕȒț
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȜȘȈȏț Ȗȕ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȗȈȕȚȖȔȐȔȖȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȈ-
ȏȐȊ ȗȓȍȡțȡȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȖșȖȉ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ țȟȐȚȣ-
ȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȍ ȗȓȍșȒȈȓșȧ
Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȚȈȓȈȕȚ-
ȓȐȊȖ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȈȧ ȈȊȋțșȚȍȑȠȈȧ ȖșȖ-
ȉȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȘȐȟȐȕ Ȍȓȧ șȔȍȝȈ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȍ ȧȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȉȖ-
ȘȖȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȖȘȞȣ ȕȈ ȚȍȓȍȥȒȘȈȕȍ ȖȉȐȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȖ —
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȖȓȤ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ
ǪȐȌȧ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȎȈȓȍȧ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȚȈȡȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȚȖȚ ȖȉȍȌ ȕȈ ǷȈț-
ȔȖȈ ȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȎȍȓȈȕȕțȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț
— ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȗȖșȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ȊȖȘȖ-
ȕȤȍȔ ȋȕȍȏȌȍ ȊȔȍșȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȉ ȧ ȗȖșȚȖȦ ȏȈ ȠȚțȘȊȈȓȖȔ
ǵȖ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȔțȟȍȕȐȒ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȡȍȌȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȈȘȍȕȍ ȇ ȗȖȓȍȏ
ȕȈ ȔȈȟȚț ȖȡțȡȈȧ șȍȉȧ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȘȐȔșȒȐȝ ȗȈȚȘȐȞȐȍȊ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȈȑȒȖȔ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȘȈȕȕȐȔ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕȈȔ Ȋ ǸȐȔȍ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ǵȍȘȖȕȈ ȕȖ Ȋ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȋȈȓȈ-ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȣ
ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȤ ȓȖȎț Ȋ DzȖȓȐȏȍȍ
ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȊȕȐȏț ȊȏȘȣȒȐȊȈȕȐȍ ȚȖ ȉȣȓ
ȕȍ ȓȍȊ Ȉ șȔȍȝ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȈ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȗȘȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȗȈȓțȉȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ
șȍȚȐ Ȍȓȧ ȓȖȊȓȐ ȗȓȈȕȒȚȖȕȈ Ȑ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ǻȓȣȉȈȧșȤ Ȗȕ ȉȖȑȒȖ Ȑ
ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈȔȐ șțȠȐȊȠȐȔȐ șȍȚȐ.
ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ șȔțȡȍȕȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȘȈș-
șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ ǩȣȓȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȠțȚȒȈ ȒȈșȈȓȈșȤ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ
ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔț Ȑ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȊȕȐȏ
ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȗȘȖȠȍȓșȧ ȗȖ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȣȟȈ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȌ ȕȖș Ȑ
ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȧ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȈ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȍȔ ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ
ȚȐȠȐȕȈ — ȖȉȔȈȕȟȐȊȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȐȠȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȣ ǯȈȚȍȔ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȓȦȒȈ Ȑ


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șȚȈȓ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ țȒȘȣȚȐȧ ǵȖ ȕȈ ȧȝȚȍ
ȌȈȎȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȈȒ ©ǯȍȕȖȉȐȧª șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ ȕȍȋȌȍ ȇ ȗȖ-
ȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȊȣȉȘȈȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȓȈȌȖȊțȦ ȖȚȚț-
ȌȈ ȗȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ Ȋ ȒȈȔȉțȏ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋ ȔȈȚȘȖșșȒȐȑ ȒțȉȘȐȒ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȊ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȈ Ȋ șȈȓȖȕȍ ǵȖ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ Ȗș-
ȚȈȍȚșȧ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȘȍȝ ȔȐȕțȚ ǺȘȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȗȘȖȠ-
ȓȐ ȧ Ȋȣșțȕțȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȊȖȘȖȕȤȍȋȖ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ ȓȦȒȈ
ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȡȕȣȑ ȗȖȚȕȣȑ ȚȖȘș
ǩȣȊȈȦȚ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȎȐȘȕȣȍ ȠțȚȕȐȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉțȌ-
ȚȖ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȦȚ ȊȈș Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ-
șȧ Ȋ Țȍ ȌȕȐ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ ȥȒȊȈȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȈ ȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ
ȗȖȗȣȚȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȦ
ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚȈȊȈȓ ǰȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ șȔțȚ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣ ȗȘȐȒȓȍȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȓ
ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȔț ș ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖșȚȤȦ ȒȖȠȒȐ ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȋȖșȚȍȑ
ȕȈȑȌȍȚ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȐȒȈ ȒȖȠȈȟȤȐȝ ȅȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ
ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȧȚ ȖȕȐ șȟȐȚȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ Ȋȣ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ Ȋ
ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ ȐȔ ȡȍȒȖȟȍȚ ȕȍȘȊȣ Ȑȝ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȍȚ Ȑȝ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȍȚ șȈȔȈ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȤ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȔȖȋțȚ
ȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ǶȕȐ ȚȘȍȉțȦȚ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȒȈ-
șȈȦȚșȧ Ȓ ȊȈȔ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧȚ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȖȚȠȈȚȣȊȈȍȚȍșȤ ȖȕȐ
ȗȖȌșȚțȗȈȦȚ ȍȡȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȐȏțȟȈȦȚ ȊȈȠț ȟțȌȍșȕțȦ ȌȘȖȎȤ ȒȈȒ
ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȤ ȉȣȓȐ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȔȐ șȗȈȏȔȈȔȐ
ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȈȒȚȈ ȟȚȖ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȗȖȊȚȖ-
ȘȧȚȤ șȕȖȊȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ
— ȅȝ șȚȈȘȐȕȈ ǫȓȍȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȒȈȒ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȐȏȌȈȓ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȖȗȐ-
șȈȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȋȓȈș Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ țȒȘȣȚȤșȧ
Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȈȦȚȍ — dzȦȉȓȦ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȕȧ Ǵȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ
ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȠțȚȒȈȔ ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȖȍ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȍ ȕȖ
șȘȈȏț ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȕțȚȘȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȚȣȊȈȍȚșȧ șȖ șȔȍȝț
— ǹȔȍȕȐȚȍ ȚȍȔț — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȀțȚȒȐ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ
Ȗȕ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȐȚ ǰ ȧ ȚȖȎȍ ǶȕȐ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȔ ȗȘȧȔȖ
ș țȔȈ șȊȖȌȧȚ
— Ǩȝ ȌȈ ȉȘȖșȤȚȍ ǿȍȗțȝȈ — ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȖ ȖȚȔȈȝȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ
ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȐȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȖ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ
ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȍȕ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȕȖ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓ șȖȉȈȟȤȐȔ ȕȦ-
ȝȖȔ Ȑ Țȧȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȎȍȘȚȊȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ — ȗȖȌșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȖȕȍȟ-


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ȕȖ — ȒȈȒȐȍ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȗȕ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȅȚȖ ȖșȚȘȖȍ ȟțȚȤȍ
ȗȖȌșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘț ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȋȘțȉȣȑ ȦȔȖȘ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ Ȗș-
ȒȖȘȉȓȧȓ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȘȈșȚțȡȈȧ ȏȓȖșȚȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȉȐ-
ȌȖȑ ȏȈ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ Ǩ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȚȖȘȐȟȕȣȔ
— ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȉȍșȞȊȍȚȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȔȍȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ ȌțȥȕȤȐ ȅȚȖ
ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȓȖ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ ȎȍȓȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȋȖ ȇ ȗȖȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȕțȚȣȔ
ȇ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȕȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȊȍȏȍȚ ș ǫȓȍȕ-
ȊȍȍȔ"
— ǩțȌȤ ț ȊȈș ȝȖȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȦȔȖȘȈ ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐ-
ȡȍ ȊȈȔ ȉȣ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — Ƕȕ ȊȍȌȤ șȖȊșȍȔ ȒȈȒ
ȊȈȠ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȧȡȍȘ ǺȖȚ ȚȖȎȍ șȟȐȚȈȍȚșȧ ȊȣȔȍȘȠȐȔ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȣȔ
— ǽȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ ȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ Ȗȕ ȕȍ Ȑȏ ȔȍȓȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ ȕȖ Ȑȏ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ Ȍȍ-
ȠȍȊȣȝ ȒȕȐȎȍȒ ș ȈȕȍȒȌȖȚȈȔȐ — ȥȚȖ țȎ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȅȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ-
ȞȍȓȈȒȈȕȚ ȅȚȖ ȒȖȔȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘșȖȕȈȎ ș ȉȈȏȈȘȕȣȝ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȒ
ȅȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȍ ȐșȒȖȗȈȍȔȖȍ ǪȈȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȏȈșȕȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȐȕȖ-
ȗȓȍȕȒț ȐȕȈȟȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ
ȇ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȘȈșșȣȗȟȈȚȖȔț ȗȍșȒț ǹ ȒȈȎ-
ȌȖȑ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȜȘȈȏȖȑ ȧ țȊȧȏȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȋȓțȉȎȍ — Ȑ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȋȓțȉ-
Ȏȍ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȖșȒț ǯȈȚȍȔ ȧ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȊȧȏ Ǵȣ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȈȒ ȚȘțȉȈ ȈȘȝȈȕȋȍ-
ȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȍ ȏțȔȔȍȘȈ ȕȈȌ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤȦ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖȍ,
ȏȈȊȖȘȈȎȐȊȈȦȡȍȍ ȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȕȐȍ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ
ȚȖșȒȍ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ș ȒȘȍșȓȈ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȦȚȣ Ȑ ȊȏȓȍȚȍȓ ȗȖ șȚț-
ȗȍȕȧȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȇ ȐȏȖ
Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ ȗȖȔȟȈȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ — ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȓȐȉȖ ȔȖȘș-
ȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȓȐȉȖ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ Ȑ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȕȕȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ
ȅȚȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ ț ȠȚțȘȊȈȓȈ șȋȐȉȈȧșȤ
ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȖȒȍȈȕ Ȑ ȊȖȗȐȓ
— ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ ǷțșȒȈȍȚ ȜȖȕȚȈȕ ǽȊȖșȚ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊȖȔț ȉȖȘȚț
Ƕȕ șȖȋȕțȓșȧ ȊȌȊȖȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȧ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȚȤ ǷȘȈȊȌț ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ
ȟȚȖ ȓȐȞȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȍȍȚ ǵȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȖȋȕțȚȖȔ
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȍȑ Ȗȉȣȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ


386
Ǩ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȉțȌȚȖ țȔȍȕȤ-
ȠȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ƕȕ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȚȈȓ țșȖȝȠȍȑ Ȑ șȍȘȖȑ ȒȖȗȐȍȑ
ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ șȍȉȧ ©Ƕȕ șȖȑȌȍȚ ș țȔȈ ȍșȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ-
șȧª — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ ǯȈȚȍȔ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȠȈȘȒȈȓ
ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ șȚțȗȍȕȧȔ
ȇ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘț ȋȈȌȈȧ ȒȈȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȘȖ-
ȉȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȓșȚțȦ ȠȒțȘț
— ǩȖȎȍ ȗȘȈȊȣȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȕȈ ǷȈțȔȖȈ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȧ șȘȈȏț ȗȖ-
ȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ
— Ƕ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȟȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȧ șȍȉȧ
ȏȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș
— Ƕ șȚȈȘȐȕȍ ǫȓȍȕȍ Ȑ ǺȖȘȍ ǪȈȑȉȖȘȋ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ Ȋȍșȍ-
ȓȐȚȤșȧ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ — Ǫȣ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ Ȗ ǫȓȍȕȍ Ȑ ǺȖȘȍ
ǪȈȑȉȖȘȋ"
ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȎȍȕȈȚȣ Ǵȕȍ șȔțȚȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȗ ȌȘȈȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ Ȋ ǫȖȕȖȓțȓț dzȦȉȖȊȤ ș
ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ǺȖȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȑ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȗțșȚȤ Ȑ
ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȐȕȖȏȊȍȏȌȣ ǷȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȖȕȈ Ȕȕȍ
ȘȐșȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ǽȖȌȐȓȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗ ȍȍ ȕȍȗȖșȚȐȎȐȔȖȔ ȖȉȈȧȕȐȐ
ȕȍșȘȈȊȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȐ ș ȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȊȈȓȈ ȕȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȍȌȈȓȈ ȒȘȖȔȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ǹȊȍȕ-
ȋȈȓȐ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȘȍȎȐșșȍȘȈ Ȑ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȓȈȔȍ ȇ ȌȖș-
șȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȧșȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȍȉȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȍȘșȖȕȈȎȍȑ ǬțȔȈȦ
ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ țȋȓȖȊȈȚȣȑ ȕȖ țȎȍ ȊȍșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ
ȗȖȐșȒȍ ș ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ Ȑ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȗȈȘțșȖȊ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ
Ȋ ȖȘȍȖȓȍ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȑ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȍȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȣȐȋ-
ȘȣȠȕțȦ ȘȖȓȤ
ȇ ȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȉȘȈȒ ȗȘȖȌȓȐȓșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ǯȓȣȍ ȧȏȣ-
ȒȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȖȚȗȓȣȓȐ ș ȘȈșșȊȍȚȖȔ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈ
ȏȈȒȈȚȍ ǵȐ ȖȌȕȈ șȚȖȘȖȕȈ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ DzȈȒ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȐ Ȑ șȓțȝȐ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȚțȔȈȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍșȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖȚȖȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȍ ȒțȌȈ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȝ Ȑ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȏȔȍȕ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȏȕȈ-
ȔȍȕȐȚȖșȚȍȑ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȖȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș ǫȓȍȕȊȍȍȔ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ șȓțȝȖȊ ȖȉȍȏȖȉȘȈ-
Ȏȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȖ ȕȍțȏȕȈȊȈȍȔȖșȚȐ ȘȈȏȌțȚȣȝ Ȋ ȒȖȘȒȍ șȖȓȐ — ȔȖȘȍ
ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȍ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ǷȈțȔȖȈ


387
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǫȍȑ-
ȏȍȒȍȘ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ — ǶȕȐ ȗȖȎȍȕȐȓȐșȤ ȉțȒ-
ȊȈȓȤȕȖ șȘȈȏț Ȑ ȔȍȌȖȊȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ șȈ-
ȔȖȑ ȧȝȚȍ ǺțȚ Ȏȍ ȖȚȗȓȣȓȐ ǪȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ
ȏȈȋȖȓȖȊȒȐ ǷȖȊȍȘȐȚȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ ȕȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ Ȏȍ ȕȖȟȤ — ȟȈșȖȊ
Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ — ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȚȖ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȚȖ ȓȐ șȚȈȦ ȌȍȓȤȜȐ-
ȕȖȊ ȚȖ ȓȐ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȐ ȚȖ ȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚțȦ ȠȚțȒț
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȍȔț ȊȚȍȔȧȠȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȈȔ șȚȈȘȐȕȈ ȉȘȖȕȚȖȏȈȊȘ Ƕȕ
ȎȔȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȕȖȗȒț Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȍșȧȚȤ șȍȒțȕȌ ǫȓȍȕ ȊȣȉȍȋȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȈ-
ȓțȉț ǵȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȑȚȍ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȕȈȦ
ȟȚȖ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ țȚȘȖ ȓȦȋȋȍȘ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ
ȝȖȌȖȔ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ǫȖȕȖȓțȓț Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȘȈșȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȔȖ-
Șȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ
ȇ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ȉȣȓȈ
ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȒȈȧ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ
ȗȍȘșȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȈ ș ǫȍȑ-
ȏȍȒȍȘȖȔ Ƕȕ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȧȧ șȔȍȝ ș ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȔ
Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȑ ȏȈȌȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȖșȖȔ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȑ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ ȝȖȝȖȚȖȔ
— ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ țșȓȣȠȈȓ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ
ȋȖȓȖșȍ ȕȖȚȒț ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ Ȑ ȧ ȍȍ
ȚȖȎȍ țșȓȣȠȈȓ — ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȧ ȕȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ
ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȖ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȌȍȘȎȐȚȍșȤ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ
ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ ǴȖȎȍȚȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȔȖȎȍȚȍ șȐȌȍȚȤ ȊȖȚ
ȏȌȍșȤ, ȔȍȎȌț ȔȈȟȚȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȦȑȔ
— ǷȖȚȐȠȍ — ȗȘȖȞȍȌȐȓ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ — DzȚȖ ȚțȚ ȘȈȏȖȘȧȍȚ-
șȧ" ǪȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ" ȀȒȐȗȍȘ" ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ" Ǫȣ ȒȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ
ȟȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ" ȇ ȝȖȟț țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȒȈȎȍȚ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȚȈȘȐȕȈ
ǫȓȍȕ
ȇ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȓȦ șșȖȘȣ Ȑ șȚȣȟȒȐ ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ ȧȘȖ-
șȚȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȈȧ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗț-
șȚȖȚȈ Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȕȐ șȐȓ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ǵȖ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ șȈȔ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȇ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȒȚȖ Ȗȕ șȈȌȐșȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȕȘȈȊȧȚșȧ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ
ȎȍȘȚȊȣ ȐȓȐ ȔȈȏȖȝȐșȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȍȗȘȐșȚȖȑȕțȦ
Țȧȋț Ȓ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧȔ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȔȍȟȚȈȍȚ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ
ȕȍ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ DzȈȒ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ Ȗȕ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȒȈȔȐ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋȣșțȕțȓ ȧȏȣȒ Ȑ ȖȉȓȐȏȈȓ ȋțȉȣ


388
— DzȖȘȖȟȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȊȕȐȏ ǹȗȘȖȠț ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȍșȚȤ ȓȐ ȌȖȓȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȘȍȒȓȧȚȖȑ ȉȈȑȒȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ
ȅȚȖ ȖȉȓȐȏȣȊȈȕȐȍ ȋțȉ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȋȘțȉȖȍ Ȑ ȉȈȕȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȉțȌȚȖ
șȘȈȏț ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ țȘȖȊȍȕȤ ǵȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȐȕ
ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȣȑ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ ȋȈȊȈȑșȒȐȑ ȔȈȚȘȖș ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ǪȐȋȋȈȔ
Ƕȕ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȠȚȖȗȈȓ șȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȕȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț ȖȚ ȕȈș ȇ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȏȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȍȔț — șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ
ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȗțȏȣȘȧȝ ȕȈȌ ȋȍȘȖȧȔȐ
ȒȖȔȐȒșȖȊ — ȊȏȧȚȤ șȍȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤșȧ ț ȌȊȍȘȐ ȅȉȉȖȚȈ Ȉ
ȍșȓȐ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȚ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȤșȧ ȊșȗȖȘȖȚȤ ȍȔț ȉȘȦȝȖ
ȇ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȐșȒȖȘȉȕȣȍ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐ-
ȊȖ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȕȍ șȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȊȐȏȋ. ǯȊțȒ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȕȈȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȚȘȍșȒ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȕȖȑ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȘȈș-
șȔȍȧȓșȧ ȐȓȐ ȔȈȚȘȖș ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȉȖ ȕȍȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȟȐȕȧȚȤșȧ ȧ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȉȣ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ șȔȍȝȖȚȊȖȘȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ
ǵȖ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ — ǪȐȋȋȈȔ ȗȘȖȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȓ ȘȊȍȕȐȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȏțȉȣ Ȑ ȊȣȒȐȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȎ ȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȑșȧ
ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȐȔ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȘȈȏ-
ȔȍȘȖȊ Ƕȕ șȔȍȘȐȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȈ ȚȖȟȕȍȍ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȖȍ
ȉȘȦȝȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȧ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ șȓȖȎȕȣȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȈșȟȍȚȣ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋȏȧȓ șȊȖȦ șȍȚȤ Ȑ șȗțșȚȐȓ-
șȧ ȊȕȐȏ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ș ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈȦȡȐȔ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑ-
șȚȊȖȔ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ — ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ
șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȅȚȖ Țȣ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȑ ȎȐȘȕȧȋȈ — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ȧ — ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ
șȒȈȎȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ — Ȑ ȖȒȈȎȍȠȤșȧ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȏȈȝțȌȈȓȖȔ
ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȔ ȒȘȈȉȖȓȖȊȍ Ǩ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȑ șȒȖȘȓțȗȒȐ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȎțȘ-
ȕȈȓȍ ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȈȍȔ ǹȓȖȎȕȖȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȖ-ȧȗȖȕșȒȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖ-
Ȍȍ ©ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧª ǰȓȐ ©ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓª ǷȖȌțȔȈȑ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ
Țȍȉȍ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȗȖȠțȚȐȚȤ
ȇ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȑȒȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȓ
— ȇ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐșȚȘțȕȐȓ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȕȖ
ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ
— DzȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȍȔț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
— ǵȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚ


389
— ȅȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ Ȋ
ȐȘȖȕȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȚȖȕȍ ǵȖ ș ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȖȔ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌȕȣȔ Ȑ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȐȔ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȓȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȟțȚȤ ȗȘȐȡț-
ȘȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ DzȈȒ șȍȑȟȈș
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ
— Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ǽȐȓȓ ǪȐȋȋȈȔ șȐȌȧȡȐȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȋ ȒȖȘȐ-
ȌȖȘȍ ȊșȗȖȘȍȚ ȍȔț ȉȘȦȝȖ Ǭȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȥȚȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȋ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ǺȖȟȕȍȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȍșȓȐ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ șȦ-
ȌȈ șțȕțȚȤșȧ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȊȖȍ
ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ
— ǵȍ ȝȖȟț ȟȚȖȉȣ ǪȐȋȋȈȔ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȉȍȌț — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȓȍȕ-
Ȋȍȑ
— ǰ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȧ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȗȖȌȍȎțȘȐȓ ȒȈȒ
ȖȉȣȟȕȖ Ȋ ȊȖȘȖȕȤȍȔ ȋȕȍȏȌȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȣȗȐȓ ș ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȖȔ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȧșȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȒȈȒ
ȍȔț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȧ ȗȖȖȉȍȌȈȓ ș ǫȓȍȕȊȍȍȔ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȦȚȍ ȗȖȒț-
ȘȐȓ ș ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ Ȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ șȗțșȚȐȓ-
șȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȚȤ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȦ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ǵȍȘȊȕȖȍ ȕȈȗ-
ȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȖ ȍȋȖ
— ǿȚȖ ȚȈȔ șȕȈȘțȎȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ȅȚȖ ȟțȌȍșȕȍȑȠȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
ȧ — ǪȏȖȠȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȓțȕȈ ǭȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌȊȍșȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȍ — ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖșȊȖȌȍ țșȍȧȕȕȖȔ ȏȊȍȏ-
ȌȈȔȐ ǪȍȚȍȘ șȓȈȉȣȑ ȕȖ ȟȍȘȚ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȕȈȒȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ǷȖȌȕȧȚȣ Ȋșȍ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȉȈȓțȕ-ȒȓȐȊȍȘȈ Ȑ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȉȍȘȍȚ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȒȈȒ șȒȈȒȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȕȤ ȉȈȘȤȍȘȣ ǷȖȟȍȔț
ȉȣ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚȖȧȚȤ ȏȈ ȠȚțȘȊȈȓȖȔ"
— ǫȌȍ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ
— ǷȖșȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȗȈȓțȉȣ ț ȓȍȊȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈ ǵȍȏȘȐȔȖ ȗȘȐȋȊȖȎ-
Ȍȍȕ Ȓ ȔȍșȚț țȋȘȖȏȈȔȐ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ ȧ ȖșȚȈȕțșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ
— ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — Ȋȣ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȍȚȍ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȟȘȍȏ-
ȔȍȘȕțȦ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȊȍȓȐ ȐȏȖȓȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȕȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ ȊȘȖȌȍ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȈ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȊȈȔ șȖ
șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȅȚȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȍȚ ȊȈș ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
ȟȚȖ ȓȐȟȕȖ ȧ ȕȈȝȖȎț ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ǵȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ șȓȖ-
ȊȈ ǼȐȞȌȎȍȘȈȓȤȌȈ ǷȖȔȕȐȚȍ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȍ — ȌȘț-


390
ȋȐȍ? ǪȌțȔȈȑȚȍșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȅȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȝțȎȍ ȟȍȔ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ
— Ǫȣ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȚȍ Ȗȉ ȖȚȊȍȚȍ ǽȍȔȐȕȋțȥȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ
DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ȕȐ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȐ ȉȣȚȤ
ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ
— ǪȖȏȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ǽȍȔȐȕȋțȥȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǽȍȔȐȕȋțȥȑ — Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȖȗȘȖȉȕȣȑ țȊȈȎȈȍȔȣȑ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȣȑ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕ Ȑ ȕȈ
ȋȘțȌȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȘȈșȚȍȚ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȈȧ ȗȖȘȖșȓȤ ȊȖ-
ȓȖș Ǩ ǼȐȞȌȎȍȘȈȓȤȌ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ țȎ ȕȍȗȘȈȊ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț
ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȐȔȟȐȊȣȑ ȌȍȌțȠȒȈ ȊȏȌțȔȈȓ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ ȌȖȘȖȋ
— ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȑ ȗȘȈȌȍȌ — ȊȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ.
— ǩȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȋȖ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓ ȏȈȓȈȔȣȊȈȚȤ ȘțȒȐ șȚȈȓ ȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ șȔȍ-
ȓȍȍ Ȑ Ȋȣșțȕțȓ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȗȈȕȞȐȘȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȊȕȖȊȤ ȏȈȎțȎȎȈȓ ȏțȔ-
ȔȍȘ ȇ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȒȓȦȟȐȚȤ
ǮȈȓȖșȚȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȌȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ
ȉȣȓȖ șȖșȒȖȟȐȚȤ ș ȒȖȑȒȐ Ƕȕ ȐȏȖȋȕțȓșȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȋ șȗȈȏȔȍ țȗȈȓ
ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȑ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȗȓȖșȒȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȔȍȠȖȒ ǯțȔȔȍȘ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȊȖȗȐȚȤ ȇ ș ȌȘȖȎȤȦ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ț ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈȟȈȚȤșȧ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈ ǷȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț
șȝȊȈȚȐȓ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ț ȚțȈȓȍȚȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȐȒȈ ȚȈȉțȘȍȚ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ
ȒȖȓȖȚȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȍ ȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȊȠȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȍȔțȟȈȧ ȏȔȍȧ
ȗȖȒȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ
ǪȖȞȈȘȐȓȈșȤ ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ǰȓȓȦȏȖȘȕȈȧ ȒȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ Ȕȣ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȗțșȚȖȚȍ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘțȦ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȗȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȘȈșȗȖȧșȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȏțȔȔȍȘ ȉȍȋȈȦȚ ȒȈ-
ȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ǷȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ Ȕȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȚȤ ȚȖȗȖȚ
ȕȖȋ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȈȊȠȐȑ
ȋȖȓȖș ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȈ
ȇ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ — Ȑ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚț ȊȓȍȚȍȓȐ șȓȖȊȈ
— ǫȓȍȕ ǫȓȍȕ ǷȖȌȕȐȔȐȚȍșȤ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ȘȈȌȐ ǩȖȋȈ Ǫȣ ȟȚȖ
ȕȍ șȓȣȠȐȚȍ" ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȑȚȍșȤ ǩȣșȚȘȍȍ
— ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ — ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȍȔț ȊșȗȖȘȖȓȐ
ȉȘȦȝȖ"
ȇ ȏȈȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ șȚȖȧȓ ț ȓȦȒȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȓȈȓ
ȊȕȐȏ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȘȐȒ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ țșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ


391
ȇ ȊȘȍȏȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ Ƕȕ ȕȈ ȖȡțȗȤ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȗȖȌ-
ȚȈȡȐȓ Ȓ ȉȖȘȚț Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȣ
ȇ ȓȐȠȤ țșȗȍȓ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ȗȖȌ ȋȓȈȌȒȖȑ
șȚȍȕȖȑ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ ȊȖȓȕȣ ǶȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȔȖȒȘȣȔ ȗȖ-
ȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȦȡȐȔ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ǺȈȒȖȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȔȖ Ȓ
ȒȐȚț ȒȐȚȖȊȖȑ ȈȒțȓȍ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȌȊțȔ-ȚȘȍȔ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔ
ȔȖȘȧ ȇ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȒȈȒ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȚȘȈȗț ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȐȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȏȊț-
ȟȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȣ ǵȖ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȕȍ șȖ-
ȝȘȈȕȐȓȈ ȚȈȒțȦ Ȏȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕțȦ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕțȦ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȦ
ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ — ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ǵȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȗȖȔȕȦ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȗȐȕȣ Ȑ ȚȍȘȧȊȠȐȑșȧ
Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ Ȑ ȓțȕȕȖȔ ȉȓȍșȒȍ ȐȏȋȐȉ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȋȖ ȝȊȖșȚȈ
dzȦȌȐ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȚȖȧȓȐ Ȋ ȚȘȍȝ-ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ
ȖȚ ȕȈș ȇ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȒȐȊȕțȓȐ
— Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ" — țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȧ ȋȖȓȖș ǫȓȍȕȊȍȧ
Ƕȕ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț — Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȔ ȓȐȞȍ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȓȐȞȈȝ
— ǬȈ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ țȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȧ ȕȈ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȈ — Ƕȕ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ Ȑ ȖȕȖ
ȕȣȘȕțȚȤ
ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȠȈȋȕțȓ Ȓ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘț ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ ȕȍ
ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȕȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȦ
ȟȚȖ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒț ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ ȠȈȋ ȕȈȚȒȕțȓ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȜȈȓȤȠȉȖȘȚ — ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȠȈȚȕțȓ-
șȧ — Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȎȐȘȕȣȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȚȖȘș ȕȈȟȈȓ ȒȓȖ-
ȕȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȑȏ
ȋȓȈȏ
Ƕȕ țȗȈȓ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ
ǵȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȕȈȠȈȘȐȓ șȗȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȘțȋ ȕȖ ȗȖȔ-
ȕȦ ȒȈȒ șȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȘȖȊȍȕȤ ș ȉȖȘȚȖȔ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
țȗȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȜțȚȈȝ ȖȚ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȈ ȇȝȚȈ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȠȍșȚȤ țȏ-
ȓȖȊ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȠȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ — ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȧȝȚ
Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ
ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȘțȓȍȊȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓ ȧȝȚț Ȑ Ȋȍ-
ȚȍȘ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȍȍ ȗȈȘțșȈ ǻ ȕȈș ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȋȖȚȖȊȍ ȠȓȦȗȒȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȗțșȚȐȚȤ Ȋ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȈ ȌȊȈ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈ


392
ȊȏȧȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȊȍșȓȈ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȏȈ ȘțȔȗȍȓȤ Ȉ ȧ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȕȖșț Ȑ
ȊȣșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȈ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ
Ȋ ȌȊțȝșȚȈȝ-ȚȘȍȝșȚȈȝ ȧȘȌȈȝ
ǵȖȟȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȖȗȐșțȍȔȖ ȧșȕȈȧ ǫȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȍ ȊȈȓȣ
ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ Ȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȓțȕȖȑ ȇȝȚȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȔ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ
ȏȈșȕȍȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȈȓȤȗȐȑșȒȖȑ ȋȖȘȖȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȌț Ȑ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȊȍșȓȈ
ȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȔȐȋ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȣ — ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȐȕșȒȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȏȈȚȈȐȓȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȈ ǵȈș ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ,
ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȚȓȐȚȣȑ Ȑȏ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȝȖȓȔ Ȑ Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ
șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚȤ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ șȒȓȖȕț ǵȈ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȍ ȉȣȓ șȗȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȒȘțȋ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȍȋȖ
ȓȐȞȈ Ȋ ȓțȕȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȈȔȐ Ȉ ȘȖȚ — ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȊȖȘȖȕȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ Ȗȕ
ȕȈ ȒȓȖțȕȈ Ȋ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȍ ȒȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȝȈ ǷȖșȓȍ Ȗȕ șȒȖȓȤȏ-
ȕțȓ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ Ȕȣ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȐ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈȔȐ ȊșȚȈȓȐ ȌȊȈ
ȐȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȝȘȍȉȚȈ ȊȣșȖȚȖȑ ȜțȚȖȊ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ
— Ƕȕ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ șȖȚȕȧȝ ȜțȚȖȊ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ
— Ǵȣ țȊȐȌȐȔ ȍȋȖ ș ȊȍȘȠȐȕȣ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȑ ȊȖȓȕȣ
ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ șȗȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ
ȎȐȓȍȚȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȖȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȉțȘȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȉȣșȚ-
Șȍȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȜțȚȖȊȖȑ ȠȓȦȗȒȐ" ǪȖȚ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ —
ȕȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȗȗțș-
ȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȔȍșȚț ȋȌȍ
ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȈ
ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ș ȗȖȓȔȐȕțȚȣ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍȌȖȖȞȍȕȐȓȐ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ — ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
— ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ Ǫ ȓȦȉȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ șȗȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȒȘțȋ Ƕȕ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ǬȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȐȡȍȔ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȓ ȔȍșȚȖ ȗțșȚȐȊ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȉȈȌȍȑȒț
ǫȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȍ ȊȈȓȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȉȈȌȍȑȒȈ ș ȉȈȓ-
ȓȈșȚȖȔ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȌȦȑȔȖȊ ȊȖȌȣ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍ ȕȈȉȐȘȈȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐ ȒȈȗȓȐ Ǵȣ ȖȗȐșȈȓȐ ȒȘțȋ
ȘȈȌȐțșȖȔ Ȋ șȚȖ ȜțȚȖȊ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋ șȚȖ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȈ ȕȐ-
ȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ǵȣ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȕȣȑ ȜțȚ ȊȖȌȣ
ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ


393
— Ƕȕ țȚȖȕțȓ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ — ǹțȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȈȒț-
ȓȈ
— ǵȐȒȈȒȈȧ ȈȒțȓȈ ȕȍ țȚȈȡȐȓȈ ȉȣ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌț șȗȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȒȘțȋ Ƕȕ ȗȓȈȊȈȓ ȉȣ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȌȍșȤ Ǵȣ ȉȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ ȧ ȥȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ǹȗȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȒȘțȋ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ — ǩȖȋ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȓ
— Ȑ ș ȗȓȍșȒȖȔ țȗȈȓ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ǬȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖȌȈȚȤ ǹȍ-
ȒțȕȌț șȗțșȚȧ Ȗȕ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ț ȕȖșȈ ȠȓȦȗȒȐ ȧ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȚȈ-
ȡȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȇ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ș ȒȘțȋȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ
ȍȋȖ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȦ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȊțȟȐȚ ȋȓțȗȖ ȕȖ Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ-
ȒȈȒȖȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ ȕȈțȒȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȏȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȏȈȚȈȡȐȚȤ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ
șȗȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȕȈ ȚȈȒțȦ ȋȓțȉȐȕț ǰ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ șțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȧ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȖȔ
Ǵȣ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȚȤ ȒȘțȋȐ
Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȧȝȚț DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȧ
șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȦ
— Ǫȣ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȚȘȖȕțȓȐșȤ ǰ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ șȖȉȐ-
ȘȈȓȐșȤ Ǫȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȘțȒț ȕȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ
— ǰ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȥȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ — ș ȗȖȓȕȍȑȠȐȔ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ — ǶȕȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ
ȇ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȋȖȓȖș ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ — ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȌȍȌȈ Ȏȍȓȍȏ-
ȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȋȕȈȚȈ ȚȖ țȎ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȌȍȌȈ-ȉȈȕȒȐȘȈ Ƕȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ȔȖȍ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— ǹȖ șȒȘțȗțȓȍȏȕȖ ȦȘȐȌȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
Ȗȕ — ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ǿȚȖ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȕȈȗȐ-
ȠȍȔ Ȋ ȖȚȟȍȚȍ Ȗ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȐ ǵȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȏȍ ȧ ȍȋȖ țȉȐȓ
— ȅȑ ȗȖȋȖȌȐȚȍ ȔȐȕțȚȒț — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ
Ǵȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ ț ȠȚțȘȊȈȓȈ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȖȚȖȉȘȈȓ ȠȚțȘȊȈȓ ț Șțȓȍ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț Ȑ ȚȖȚ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț șȖȏȣȊȈȧ
ȒȖȔȈȕȌț ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȘțȓȤ ȗȍȘȍȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȘȍȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȐ
ȗȈȘțșȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȏȌțȓȐșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȧȝȚȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȘ-
ȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȓȍȋȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȒțȘș
— DzțȌȈ Ȕȣ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȔșȧ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǷȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ — Ǫ ǹȈȕ-ǼȘȈȕ-
ȞȐșȒȖ
— ǯȈȧȊȐȚȤ Ȗ șȓțȟȐȊȠȍȔșȧ" ǵȖ
— ȇ ȝȖȟț ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȧȝȚț ȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȈȎț


394
— ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ Ȋȣ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȍȕȣ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǵȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȘȍ-
țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȚȤ
— Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȎȐȊ Ȗȕ ȊȍșȍȓȐȓșȧ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȔȍȘȚȊ — șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ — Ƕȕ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ — ȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ
Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȍȕ ǵȖ ȖȌȕȖ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ șȊȧȏȈȕȖ
— ǷȖȓȕȍȑȠȈȧ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȖșȚȤ — ȊȖȏ-
ȔțȚȐȓșȧ ȧ — ǭȡȍ ȒȈȒ șȊȧȏȈȕȖ Ǫȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓȐ ǴȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȟȍȘȍșȟțȘ ȖșȚȘȖ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Ǫȣ ȔȍȟȚȈȓȐ Ȗ
ȍȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǹȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ Ȋȣ șȈȔȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȚȈȒ
Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȈș ȋȓȖȎȍȚ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȊȐȕȣ Ǫȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚȍșȤ
ȊȏȊȈȓȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȊȐȕț ȕȈ șȍȉȧ Ǫȣ ȖȉșȍșșȐȊȕȈȧ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ ǫȓȍȕ-
Ȋȍȑ Ǫȣ țȘȖȎȍȕȍȞ ǵȖȊȖȑ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ȗțȘȐȚȈȕȐȕ ȕț ȗȘȧȔȖ ȘȈȕ-
ȕȐȑ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕȐȕ ǩțȌȤȚȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔȕȣ ǫȓȈȊȕȖȍ — țȔȍȘȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ
— ǷȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȔ Ȋȣ șȐȌȐȚȍ ȏȈ ȘțȓȍȔ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȠȐȕȣ —
ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ — Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȘȚȤ șȉȐȊȈȍȚȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
— Ǵȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȎȈȓȤ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȍȌț ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
— Ǩ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȘȍȊȣșȐȓȐ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ" ǰȓȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȤȧȕȣ" Ǩ
ȍșȓȐ ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣ Ȑ ȊȈș
ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȘțȓȤ"
— ǵț — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȧ
ǵȖ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȓ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȖȏȊȈȓ ȘțȓȍȊȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ
ȍȔț ȠȚțȘȊȈȓ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȒțȘș ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ Ȑ ȒȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȊȣȑȚȐ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ ȊȈȝȚț ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ
ȗȘȖȟȤ Ƕȕ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘ DzȈȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐȌț-
ȡȐȑ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ. Ƕȕ țȝȖȌȐȓ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȖșȚȐ — Ȋ ȚȖȚ șȈ-
Ȕȣȑ ȟȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȖȗȓȖȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȇ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ
— ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȧ ȍȔț ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȏȎȍ — ǽȖȚȐȚȍ țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ"
— ǩțȌȤȚȍ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȉȘȣ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ
— Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ ȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ǫȍȑȏȍȒȍȘ — ȊȍȌȤ Ȗȕ Ȑȝ
șȔȍȠȐȓ ǵȖ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȐȔ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ǵȐ
ȒȈȗȍȓȤȒȐ Ǫȣ șȓțȠȈȍȚȍ"
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ ȉȈȕȒȐȘȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ țȎȍ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȒȈȎȍȚ ȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȦ Ȋ șșțȌȍ
— ǶȕȐ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ Ȑ
ȗȖ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ — Ȗȕ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȅȚȐȔ Ǩ ȖȕȐ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ


395
Ȋ ȅȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ ǶȕȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȅȚȖ ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȐȔȍȕȈ-
ȔȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȣȔȐ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȒȘȈȧȝ ǷȖȟȚȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȗȖȊȍȌȈȚȤ Ȗ ȌȧȌȍ ȐȓȐ ȌȍȌțȠȒȍ Ȏȍȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȊȠȍȔ ȅȚȖ ǷȖ Ȑȝ
ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȧȔ ȅȚȖ — ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ
— ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȜȍȘȔț ȐȓȐ ȘȈȕȟȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ȖȚ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ — ǩțȌț ȘȈȏȊȖȌȐȚȤ șȒȖȚ ȐȓȐ ȏȈȑ-
ȔțșȤ șȍȓȍȒȞȐȍȑ ȒțȒțȘțȏȣ ǿȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ Ȍțȝȍ
— Ǫȣ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ șȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȧȝȚȍ ș ȥȚȐȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ
ȐȓȐ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖȔ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȍȘȧȚ Ȋ ȅȚȖ"
— ǵȍȚ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǭșȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐȧ ȗȖȟȊȣ ǬȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȖȉȓȈșȚȤ șțȓȐȚ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȑ
ȇ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȔȍșȚȈ șȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ ǬȈ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȚȈȓ ȌȘțȋȐȔ — ȕȍ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȐȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ
ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ șȈȔ DzȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ©ǯȍȕȖȉȐȧª ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȌȈȕȈ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ
ȘȈșȗțȡȍȕȈ Ȉ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȧȡȍȘ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȖȑ
ȕȈ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȍ — ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ Ȑ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȣȑ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȖȒȍȈȕ-
șȒȖȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖ Ȋșȧ ȔȖȧ ȌȘțȎȉȈ
ș ǫȓȍȕȊȍȍȔ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȧȝȚȖȑ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȒȍȔ ȐȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ șȖțȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȖșȚȐ Ǻȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȐȏȓȍȟȐȓșȧ ȝȖȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
ȉțȌȚȖ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȈȎț ǷȖ ȗțȚȐ Ȋ ǹȈȕ-ǼȘȈȕ-
ȞȐșȒȖ Ȕȣ ȊȍȓȐ șȊȍȚșȒȐȍ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȣȍ Ȑ ȗțșȚȣȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ Ȑ ȗȖ
ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȐ ȘȈșȗȘȖȡȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȖȉȍȡȈȊ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț
Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȘȍȝ ȓȍȚ ǵȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖ-
șȣȓȈȚȤ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒț ȉȈȕȒȐȘȈ ȐȓȐ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȈ ǵȖ ȥȚȐȔ ȓȍȚȖȔ Ȋ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȍ ȧ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ
Ȑ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǶȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȖ Ȑȏ ǫȘȍȋȖȘȐ Ȋ
ȆȎȕȖȑ ǬȈȒȖȚȍ — ȋȖȘȖȌȖȒ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒ ȖȚ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȒȈȒ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
Ƕȕ ȎȐȓ ȚȈȔ Ƕȕ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȉȣȊȈȓ ȓȐ ȧ Ȋ Țȍȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȚșȧ ȓȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǵțȎȕȖ
ȖȉșțȌȐȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ǹȚȘȖȒ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȖ
ȚȍȔ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȍȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ ȇ ȕȈȉȘȈȓ
ȕȖȔȍȘ
Ǫ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȍ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȆȎȕȖȑ ǬȈȒȖȚȍ
ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ǰ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț
— ǵȈȌȍȦșȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȊȈș ș ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ


— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ȕȍȚ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠȍ ǻ ȕȈș
ȏȌȍșȤ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ Ȉ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȟȐșȚȣȑ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ǨȘȐȏȖȕȍ
ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȧșȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈ ǺȐȝȖȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ ȉȓȍșȒ Ȑ șȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȕȐȍ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȝ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕ Ȑ ȚȐȠȐȕț Ȑ ȧȝȚț ȗȖȌ-
ȕȐȔȈȊȠțȦșȧ Ȑ ȖȗțșȒȈȊȠțȦșȧ ȚȈȒ ȊȣșȖȒȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȎțȦ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȕȈ ȏȈșȕȍȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȝȖȓȔ Ȑ ȉȈȌȍȑȒț ȊȐȌȐ-
ȔțȦ Ȋ șȖȚȕȍ ȜțȚȖȊ
— ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ
— ȇ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȥȚȖ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ — ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ
Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȧȚȤ șȈȔȖȓȍȚȣ Ȑ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ
ȇ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȚȐ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ Ȑȏ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȈ
— ǵȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǺȈȔ ȍșȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖ ȐȔȍ-
ȕȐ ȅȔȐȓȤ ȀȘȍȌȍȘ Ƕȕ Ȑȏ ǩȘțȒȓȐȕȈ ǵȈȑȌȍȚȍ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕ-
ȕȖȔ șȗȘȈȊȖȟȕȐȒȍ ȅȚȖ ȓțȟȠȐȑ ȠȓȐȜȖȊȡȐȒ ȓȐȕȏ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȏȕȈ-
ȓȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖșȣȓȒȈ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖ-
ȟț ȌȖȊȍȘȧȚȤ ȍȍ ȗȖȟȚȍ — ȊȍȡȤ ȝȘțȗȒȈȧ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȊȕțȚȘȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ — ǴȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ" Ǫȣ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ
ȏȈȕȧȓȐșȤ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐȍȑ ȗȖȟȊȣ"
— DzȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ — ǵȍȚ,
ȚȈȔ ȓȐȕȏȣ Ȍȓȧ ȚȍȓȍșȒȖȗȈ ȅȚȖȚ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȔț ȏȈ-
ȒȈȏț ȉȐȕȖȒțȓȧȘȕȣȑ ȚȍȓȍșȒȖȗ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ș ȖȌȕȐȔ ȖȒțȓȧ-
ȘȖȔ ȚȘțȌȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȟȍȔ-ȓȐȉȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ǩȐ-
ȕȖȒțȓȧȘȕȖȍ țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȍȚ ȇ șȔȖȋț țșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȓȍȚȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ țȎȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȈ șȗȍ-
ȞȐȈȓȤȕȈȧ șȚȈȕȐȕȈ
— ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤșȧ" Ƕ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ"
— Ǫȣ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ Ȗ ȕȍ-
ȖȗȖȏȕȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȈȝ" ǨȓȓȖ Ǫȣ ȚȈȔ"
— ǬȈ ȇ ȏȌȍșȤ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ Ǩ Ȋȣ ȚȈȔ ǺȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȟȍȘȚ
ȗȖȉȍȘȐ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ ș țȚȘȈ
ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȕȈȑȌȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ ǷȘȖȟȐȚȈȍȚȍ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǵȍ ȝȖȟț
ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ ȕȍșȓȐ ȍȘțȕȌț ȒȈȒ ȚȖȚ ȕȍȏȈȌȈȟȓȐȊȣȑ ȚȐȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȚȖȋȌȈ șȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ Ǫȣ ȖȉȍȡȈȍȚȍ" ǷȘȖȟȐȚȈȍȚȍ"
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ǫȓȍȕȊȍȑ ǵȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȦ


ɉ Ⱥɥɟɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɋɟɡɨɧ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɦɟɹ 


ǰȖȘȠȜȞ ǿȎȝȎȞȖț
ȅȁDzǼǰǶȇdz ǽǼDzǰǼDzǻǼDZǼ ǸǮǻȊǼǻǮ
(1964)


399
1
ǨȋȈȗȖȊ țȊȍȘȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ dzț-
ȕȍ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋ șȈȔȣȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȒȈȕȤȖȕ
ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ǰȕȌȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȝ țȗȘȧȔȞȍȊ Ȋ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȑ șȐș-
ȚȍȔȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ — ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȌȈȓȐ șȍȉȍ ȚȘțȌ
ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ ȊȖ ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȖȍ șȗȘȈȊȖȟȕȖȍ ȉȦȘȖ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓȐ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȟȐșȓȐȚȤ ȕȈȐȔȍȕȍȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȍȓȧ șȚȖȓȤ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ ȚȖ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȌȍșȧȚȒȍ.
Ǻȍ ȒȚȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȓȐ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ DzȈȓȈ-
ȉțȠȍȊ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȔȣȔ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȔ ȕȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȣȔ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȖȔ ȗȖ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȔȍȧȔ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȓȈȕȍ-
Țȍ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȓțȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȗȤȧȕȣȝ ȐȓȐ


400
ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȕȕȣȝ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒțȦ ȥȗȖȝț ȗȈȘțșȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ
Ǩ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȧȘȣȑ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȖȕȍȘ șȖȉȐȘȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ Ȋșȍȑ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȥȚȐ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȘȕȣȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȊȣȒȈȗȣȊȈȧ Ȑȝ Ȑȏ șȚȈȘȐȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȕȐȋ Ȑ ȋȈȏȍȚ ȐȏțȟȈȧ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȍ ȈȘȝȐȊȣ ǪȘȧȌ ȓȐ
ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȒȐȉȍȘȕȍȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈ ș ȍȍ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȈȔȐ
ȖȚșȍȒȖȊ Ȋ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȕȕțȦ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȖȚ țȎȍ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȋȖȌ
ȊȊȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȌȖȉȣȚȣȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖȔ
ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȣȌțȡȐȍ ȊȍȒȈ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȈ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȚȣșȧȟȕȖȑ ȌȖȓȍȑ Țȍȝ
ȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȖȋ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȠȒȈȜȈȝ ȕȈȉȐȚȣȝ
ȜȖȚȖȒȖȗȐȧȔȐ șȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ șȖ ȊșȍȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈ-
ȊȓȧȓȖ ȝȖȚȤ ȊȐȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȕȈțȟȕȖȑ ȞȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȉ ȟȚȖ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ
ȖȚȕȍșȚȐ Ȓ ȟȐșȚȍȑȠȍȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ ǵȖ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȖȠȐȉȈȚȤșȧ ȅȚȖȚ
țȗȘȧȔȍȞ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȍȊ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ
ȕȐ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈȓȐȞȖ ȐȔȍȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȖȌȐȕ
ȏȕȈȚȖȒ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȍȊ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȧ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ
ȗȖșȣȓȈȚȤ ǵȖ ȊȣȉȖȘȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǵȍ ȗȖșȓȈȚȤ Ȏȍ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ Ȋ
ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȕȈ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȟȍȔ ȒȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ Ȑ
ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ
ǵȖ ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ȉ șȍȑȟȈș țȎȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈșșțȎ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ șȗȖȘȣ ȗȖțȚȐȝȓȐ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȒ
dzȈȊȘȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ Ȓ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȔț
— ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȓȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȘȖȏȣșȒȐ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ"
Ǫșȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǬȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖ-
ȔȍȕȚȈ ȧ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȥȒșȗȍȘȚȈ-
ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȈ ǰ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȝȖȌȍ ȗȘȍȕȐȑ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȏȈȌȈȕȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ
ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ
— ǿȚȖ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ" — ȗȖȌȉȖȌȘȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ dzȈȊȘȖȊ
— ȅȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȟȍȔ
ȚȈ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ
— ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȚȘȈȋȍȌȐȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȉȣ ǵȍ ȕȈȑȚȐ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍ-
ȊȈ — șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ
— Ǵȣ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȗȘȐȡțȘȐȓ ȋȓȈȏ dzȈȊȘȖȊ


401
— ȇ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȦșȤ— șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ Ǵȍȕȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȌȘȈ-
ȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȡțȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ — ǪȖȗȘȖș Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȒȚȖ ȓțȟȠȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕ Ȍȓȧ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ǭȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȣ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȚȤ ȖȠȐȉȒȐ ș DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȣȔ
— DzȈȒȐȍ ț ȊȈș ȖȚȊȖȌȣ"
ǷȖ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȡȐȑ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȈȌȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȍșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȚȤ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȦ ȏȈȌȈȕȐȧ
— ǶȚȊȖȌȖȊ ȕȍȚ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȧ — ȕȖ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȍșȚȤ
ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦ Ȋ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐ-
ȚȖȋȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȇ ȖȉȓȈȏȐȓ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ șȈȔȣȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ Ȍȣ-
Șȣ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ Ȑ ȔȖȋț ȊȈș ȏȈȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȓ ȕȐ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȕȐ ©dzȍȚțȟȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȓȈȕȌȞȈª
— ǵȖ Ȋ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ Ȋȣ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȍȚȍșȤ"
ǫȓȈȏ dzȈȊȘȖȊȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȡțȘȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈ-
ȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȘȊȣ
— Ǩ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȐȚ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ Ȉ ȕȍ ȏȔȍȧ,
— ȌȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ dzȈȊȘȖȊ Ƕȕ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ ©dzȍȚțȟȍȋȖ ȋȖȓ-
ȓȈȕȌȞȈª
— ǵȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ Ȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ
ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȧ — ǷȖȊȈȌȖȒ Ȏȍ ȏȔȍȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȦ
—ǵȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ
ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋȣ ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȖȗȣȚȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌ-
ȕȣȝ ȈșȖȊ ȅȚȖ Ȏȍ șȗȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧ
— ǺȖȋȌȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȍȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȈ ȌȍȓȖȊțȦ Ȗș-
ȕȖȊț ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȖȘțȟȈȍȚȍ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȦ Ȕȕȍ ȧ ȉȍȘțșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ
ȌȊțȝ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
— ȅȒȐȗȈȎ" — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ dzȈȊȘȖȊ — ǵȐ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȥȒȐ-
ȗȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȘȍȟȐ Ǫȣ ȗȖȑȌȍȚȍ ȖȌȐȕ
ȇ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȓȐȞȈ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȈȝ ǵȍȚ
ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȈ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȏȣȋȘȣȊȈȚȤ
ȕȈ ȌȖșțȋȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȣȝ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȊ
— ǪȖȗȘȍȒȐ ȊșȍȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȔ" — ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓșȧ ȧ ȇ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȖȑ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȍȚȈȓȧȝ ȖȉșțȌȐȓȐ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ȗȘȐȊȍȓȖ
ȖȚșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȚ ȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȗȘȐ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ DzȈȓȈ-
ȉțȠȍȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȗȓȈȕȐȘțȦȚ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȒȘțȗȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȕȈȘțȠȍ-
ȕȐȍ ǩȣȓȖ ȟȍȔț țȌȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ


402
— Ǫșȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȋȈȗȖȊ — DzȈȓȈ-
ȉțȠȍȊ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ©ǹȒȈȚȍª ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȐȓ-
șȧ ȡȍȓȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȐȋȕȈȓȖȊ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȕȈȌȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ-ȔȈȓȦȚȒȍ ǹȒȈȎȍȔ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȌȍȚșȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȖ
Ȑ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ
ǬȈ ȧ țȎȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȗ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚȈȝ ǺțȔȉȍȘȓȐȕȒȈ
ǰ ȊȍȘșȐȦ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȚȈȒȖȔȉȣ ȖȗțșȚȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌț.
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȖȔ ȒȖȓȍȕȍ Ȑ
ȖȉȐȚȈȍȚ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ǪȗȖȓȕȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȓ
ȍȡȍ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȖȘȈȝ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȉțȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȍȔ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȖȌȕȣȝ șȒȈȓȈȝ DzȘȖȔȍ ȘȈȏȊȍ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ ǺȖȚ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȔȖȋ
ȕȈȗȓȍȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȣ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ©ǹȒȈȚª — ȌȊțȝȔȍșȚȕȣȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ǵȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȧ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ǵȖ șȖȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȈȘȕȣȝ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȓ ȊȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑ ȗȓȖȚȤ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȖȊ Ǵȣ ȕȍ
ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȐ
—ǪȚȖȘȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ Ȑȏ șȗȈșȈȍ-
Ȕȣȝ — ȗȘȖșȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ dzȈȊȘȖȊ
ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑȝ ȔȣșȓȤ ǶȕȐ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ©ǹȒȈȚª DzȈȓȈ-
ȉțȠȍȊȈ ȏȈșȚȘȧȓ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖ-ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȓȖȊțȠȒȍ ǪȣȚȈșȒȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ șțȌȕȖ ȕȈ ȉțȒșȐȘȍ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȍ țȌȈșȚșȧ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ
ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȧȚȤ ©ȗȍȘȍșȈȌȒțª
ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȈ
— DzȚȖ ȕȈȗȈȘȕȐȒȖȔ ș DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȣȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǺȐȚȖȊ
ǺȐȚȖȊȈ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ǨȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖ țȘȈȊȕȖȊȍȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǹȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȣȑ ȌȖ ȜȓȍȋȔȈȚȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ǶȚȓȐȟȕȣȑ ©ȒȖȔȗȍȕșȈȚȖȘª ȍș-
ȓȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ Ȍȓȧ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ ǬȈȕȕțȦ ȍȔț Ȑȕ--
șȚȘțȒȞȐȦ ȕȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȘțȠȐȚ ȕȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗțȕȒȚȈ
ȕȍ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȝȖȚȤ ȊȏȖȘȊȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
— DzȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ"
— DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ
ǷȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȕȕȍ șțȎȌȍȕȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ țȌȐȊȓȧȚȤ-
șȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȖșȚȧȔ ȒȖȔȗȓȍȒȚȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ
— DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȔȖȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȈ șȖȋȓȈȠȈȚȤșȧ
— șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ


403
— ǷȖȟȍȔț" — țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ dzȈȊȘȖȊ. — ǪȍȌȤ Ȗȕ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚ
— ǵȖ Ȋȣ-ȚȖ Ǫȣ — ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓ ȧ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȓ ȊȖȏ-
ȔțȡȍȕȐȍ ǨȋȈȗȖȊȈ — Ǫȣ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍ-
ȕȐȍ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ"
— Ǩ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȚȤ ǺȐ-
ȚȖȊȈ" — dzȈȊȘȖȊ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȐșȗȣȚțȦȡȍ ǹȍȑ-
ȟȈș Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȕȍȚ ȗȘȐȗȐȘȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ șȚȍȕȒȍ ȇ țȎȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȕȍ ȝțȎȍ ȟȍȔ ȟȍȔȗȐȖȕ
ȔȐȘȈ ȗȖ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ȊșȍȔȐ ȍȍ ȗȘȐȍȔȈȔȐ — ǷȍȘ-
Ȋȣȑ ȘȈȏ — Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ dzȈȊȘȖȊȈ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȖȚȚȍȕȖȒ țȌȐȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ — ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȉȣ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚ Ȋ ȍȍ ȞȍȓȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȍȕ
Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȕ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖ țȎ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȖȚșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȈȊȐȓ
ȇ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ
ǺȐȚȖȊ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȐȒ ǵȖ ȍȋȖ șȗȍ-
ȞȐȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ — ȋȐȌȘȖȈȒțșȚȐȒȈ ǸȍȏȖȕ Ȋ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ dzȈȊȘȖ-
ȊȈ ȍșȚȤ
— ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐ-ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȕȧ-
ȚȣȔȐ — dzȈȊȘȖȊ țȋȈȌȈȓ ȔȖȦ ȔȣșȓȤ — ǰȏ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȝ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ
ȕȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȐ ȗȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘț ȕȐ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ
ȒȊȈȓȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȐ
ǬȈ țȎ ǺȐȚȖȊ — ȔȈșȚȍȘ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȒȈ-
ȎȍȠȤ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȍșȓȐ țȎ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ș DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ Ȋȣ-
ȚȍȒȈȓȖ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ Ǫșȍ șȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȓ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊț ȚȖȟ-
ȕȍȍ Ȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȏȔȍȦ Ȋ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ țȗȘȧȔȖ
ȊȍȘȐȓ
— ǪȍȌȤ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȖșȤ ȖȗȈșȕȣȔ — ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȐȓ dzȈȊȘȖȊ — ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȘțȟȈȓ ȐȔ ȖȉșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ǺțȔȉȍȘ-
ȓȐȕȒ ǷȘȖșȚȖ ȒȘȍȑșȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȒȈȕȤȖȕȈ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ ǿȚȖ
ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ
— ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ dzȈȊȘȖȊȈ ȕȈȗȘȧȔȐȒ— Ȉ Ȋȣ șȈȔȐ
ȊȍȘȐȚȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȋȖ
dzȈȊȘȖȊ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— ȇ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȊȈȠȍ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȍ Ǫ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȊȍȒȍ
— Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȔȈȚȘȖșșȒȐȍ șȒȈȏȒȐ ǵȖ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ șȒȈȏȒȐ
ȥȚȖ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤșȧ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȕȈ-


404
ȠȍȔ ȊȍȒȍ ǷȈȘȈȌȖȒș" ǵȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȈȌȖȒșȈ ǯȖȖȓȖȋȐ ȌȖ șȐȝ
ȗȖȘ șȗȖȘȧȚ Ȗ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧȝ ȌȈȎȍ șțȝȖȗțȚȕȖȑ
ȜȈțȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȊȍȒȍ țȟȍȕȣȍ
ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȐ ȒȐșȚȍȗȍȘțȦ Șȣȉț ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ șȊȖȐȔ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ǹȟȐȚȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȓȧȚȐȔȍȘȐȐ ȊȣȔȍȘȓȐ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ țșȚțȗȐȊ ȔȍșȚȖ ȌȘțȋȐȔ
ȊȐȌȈȔ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȑȔȈȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȧȚȐȔȍȘȐȑ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ,
Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȐșȒȖȗȈȍȔȣȍ Șȣȉȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȖȏȘȖȎȌȈȚȤșȧ" ǵȐȟȍȋȖ
ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ǵȈțȒȈ ȘȈșȠȐȘȧȓȈ ȗȖȐșȒ — Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȓȧȚȐȔȍȘȐȑ
șȚȈȓȖ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ țȟȍȕȣȔ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȣ
ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ Ȑȝ ȚȖȓȡȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȖȉșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ
ȌȈȊȕȖ Ȉ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȐȚȤ șȊȖȐ țșȐȓȐȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ
țȟȍȕȣȍ Ȋșȍȑ ǯȍȔȓȐ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȖȕȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ
— ǵȖ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȍȊ ȟȚȖ- ȚȖ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȖșȤ —
ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȧ
— ǰȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȏȔȍȍȊ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȐȓȐ ȌȊȈ — șȍ-
ȘȤȍȏȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ dzȈȊȘȖȊ — ǰ ȊȖȚ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ țȉȍȎȐȡȍ
Ȑȝ ȕȈȠȓȐ
— ǸȈȕȤȠȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȟȈȡȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ —
șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǰ ȕȍ șȚȍșȕȧȓȐșȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǭșȓȐ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ șȖȟȐȕȍ-
ȕȐȧȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȕȈȉȐȚȣ ȠȒȈȜȣ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ
— DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȏȔȍȐ — ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌ-
ȕȣȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ — Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȐȓ dzȈȊȘȖȊ —
Ǩ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȊȣȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȑȝ ȚȘțȗȣ ǪȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ
ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȐȔ ȖȉȓȐȒ ȎȐȊȣȝ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȑȝ
șȢȍȌȈȓȐ ȗȚȐȞȣ Ȑ Șȣȉȣ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȊȣȔȐȘȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ȑȝ
ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤ ǵȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȗȈȘȈ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ
— ȇ ȓȐȟȕȖ
— ȇ țȟȍȕȣȑ — șțȝȖ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ dzȈȊȘȖȊ — Ǵȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣ
ȜȈȒȚȣ Ǩ ȊșȧȒȐȍ ©ȊȍȘȦª ȐȓȐ ©ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦª ȕȍ ȖȉȓȈșȚȤ ȕȈțȒȐ
— ȇ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ — ș ȝȖȌț ȗȈȘȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȧ — ȟȚȖ DzȈ-
ȓȈȉțȠȍȊ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ șȍȑȟȈș ȉȍȘȍȚ ȐȕȚȍȘȊȤȦ ț ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȏȔȍȍȊ ǰ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȓȐȟȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȦ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȊȤȦ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈțȒȐ
ǵȍ ȋȈȘȈȕȚȐȘțȦ ȟȚȖ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȦ ȊȈȔ șȦȌȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȕȖ
DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȚȤ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȦșȤ
ǴȖȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȏȈȌȐȘȐșȚȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ Ȑȝ țȌȐȊȐȓȈ ǶȕȐ
ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ


405
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȋȈȗȖȊ — ȇ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȣȉȖȘ șȖșȚȈȊȈ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ — ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȈ ȍȍ țșȗȍ-
ȝȈ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚȍșȤ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ"
— ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȍ
Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ
— ǿȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȗ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȍ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ" ǪȍȌȤ Ȋȣ
ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ
— ǷȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȐȚȤ
ȊȈȠȐ ȗȖȐșȒȐ
— ǪȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȖș-
ȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ DzȈȒ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ ȉȣ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȒȓȈȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦ DzȈȒ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȚ ǺȐȚȖȊ
ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȚȖȟȕȖ ǷȘȖ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȚȖȟȕȍȍ
ȟȍȔ ȗȘȖ șȊȖȐ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȋ țȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȐ ȖȌȕȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȖȍ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ Ȋșȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋ ȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ-
șȧ ȏȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȍȑ
— ǺȘțȌȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ
ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ — Ȋ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȋȈȗȖȊ — ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȖȌ-
ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȗȘȧȔ Dz ȏȔȍȧȔ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȖȕȍȘȈ
ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚȍ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȍșȓȐ ȍȔț ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȚșȧ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȦ,
ȌȖȗțșȚȐȔ șȈȔȖȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȍȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ!
ǰȓȐ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȏȈ
ȏȔȍȧ ǿȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ" Ƕȕ ȉȍșșȚȘȈȠȍȕ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚ-
șȧ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȖșȓȖȎȕȧȦȡȐȔ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ
ǷȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȐ Ȗȕ șȗȍȓȍȖȓȖȋ
— ǹȗȍȓȍȖȓȖȋ — ȇ ȗȖȚȍȘ ȓȖȉ ȅȚȖȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖ ȇ
ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ șȚȈȚȐșȚȐȒț DzȖȕȚȘȖȓȧ ȉȍ-
ȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ǰȏ ȕȍȍ ȊȣȚȍȒȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊț ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ
șȓțȟȈȍȊ șȗȍȓȍȖȓȖȋȐ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȔȍșȚ șȘȍȌȐ
ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ǶȕȐ ȏȈȓȍȏȈȦȚ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȚȈ-
ȘȈȒȈȕȤȐ ȡȍȓȐ ȋȌȍ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȑ șȌȊȐȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȓ ȖȗȈșȕȣȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧȔ ǶșȕȖȊȕȈȧ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈ
ȗȖȧșȕȧȓ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ DzȖȕȚȘȖȓȧ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚ-
ȊȈ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȑ — Ȋ ȕȍȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ țȒȘȍȗȓȧȚȤ
ȗȍȡȍȘȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȍ ȝȖȌȣ ȌȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȚțȌȈ
ȓȦȌȍȑ Ǻȍ ș ȒȍȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ șȕȈ-


406
ȟȈȓȈ ȐȏțȟȐȚȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ ȐȔȐ ȗȖȓȖșȚȤ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȚȘȖȕțȚȖȔ
ȊȐȌȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȍȍ șȖȏȌȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ țȎȍ ȖȕȐ șȖȉȐ-
ȘȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȚȤ ȏȈȗȈșȕȣȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȣ ȖȉȖȘțȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȖȔȜȖȘȚȈ-
ȉȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȠȚȖȓȤȕȐ șȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȖȌȗȖȘȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȣȍ șȍȚȒȐ ǬȈ-
ȓȍȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȚșȧ ȐȏȓȈȋȈȓȐșȤ șȖȊȍȚȣ DzȖȕȚȘȖȓȧ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ
ȒȈȒ șȖȟȍȚȈȚȤ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȈțȒª Ȑ țșȓȖȊȐȧ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍ-
ȉȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ ǬȖȠȓȐ ȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȐ ȏȌȘȈȊȣȍ
ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌȈȞȐȐ ȌȖ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ"
— Ǫșȍ ȧșȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȇ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȦșȤ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
— ǵȈ ȈȥȘȖȌȘȖȔȍ ȎȌțȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȒ dzȈȊȘȖȊ
2
Ǫ ȥȗȖȝț ȗȈȘțșȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȏȔȍȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȗȘȍȌțȋȈȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȠȚȖȘȔȣ Ȑ ȠȚȐȓȐ
ȊșȧȒȖȍ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ș ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐșȚȐȒȐ șțȌȕȈ
© ȐȦȕȧ  ȋȖȌȈ ȧ șȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț “ǹȐȌȖȕȐȐ”, — ȟȐ-
ȚȈȓ ȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȜȖȚȖȒȖȗȐȑ ȗȈȟȒȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȕȈȉȌȐȓȐ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț — “ǹȐȌȖȕȐȧ” ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕțȦ
ȚȘȍȝȔȈȟȚȖȊțȦ Ƞȝțȕț ȊȖȌȖȐȏȔȍȡȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ  ȚȖȕȕ ș ȚȈȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȐșȒțșȕȣȔȐ ȖȉȊȖȌȈȔȐ ȕȖșȖȊȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȐ
ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍ ț ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȔȖȘȧȒȈª
ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȈȘțȠȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȦ ǺȍȔ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȒȐȑ Ȧȕȣȑ ȋȍȘȖȑ șȚțȗȐȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȗȘȍȓȍșȚ-
ȕȖȑ ©ǹȐȌȖȕȐȐª, șȗțșȚȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȤ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ
ȟȚȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȐȚ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ
ǵȈ ©ȗȈȓțȉțª ©ǹȒȈȚȈª ȧ șȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ șțȠȍ ǵȍșȗȍȞȐȈȓȐș-
Țȣ-ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȐȚ Ȑ
ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȑ ©ǹȒȈȚª ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȣȍ ȊșȍȔ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȌȘȈȋȐ — ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȗȖȓ-
ȏȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȖ Ȍȕț ȖȒȍȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȌȉȐȘȈȦȡȐȍ ȘțȌț ȗȖȝȖȎțȦ ȕȈ
ȘȈșșȣȗȈȕȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȖȠȒț ǴȈȓȖ șȝȖȌșȚȊȈ Ȑ ș ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȐȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚțȘȐșȚșȒȐȔȐ șțȌȕȈ-
ȔȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȍșȚȘȧȚ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȎțȘȕȈȓȖȊ


407
ǵȐ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ȕȐ ȔȖȋțȟȐȝ ȋȖȘȐ-
ȏȖȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ ȊȍȘȚȐȒȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȐȕȚȖȊ ȕȐ șȚȘțȑȕȣȝ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȖȊ
ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗț ȘȍȈȒȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ǵȐ ȏȈ-
Ȕȍȟț ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȒȖȔȜȖȘȚȈ ȊȕțȚȘȐ
ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȋȍȖȔȍȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȠȈȘ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖ-
ȏȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȈ ȌȐȈȔȍȚȘȖȔ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊțȝ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȀȈȘ
ȒȈȒ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȈ ǹȈȚțȘȕ ȖȗȖȧșȈȕ ȗȓȖșȒȐȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȣȔ
Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȥȚȈȒȐȔ ȥȓȓȐȗȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȉȓȐȕȖȔ ǩȓȐȕ
ȚȖȓȡȍ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȔȣȒȈȍȚ Ȓ ȠȈȘț Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȗȖ
ȒȘȈȧȔ
ǪȖȚ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ǭșȓȐ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Țȣșȧ-
ȟȐ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊ ǵȍ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȏȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȠȈȘ ȌȊȖȑȕȖȑ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȈ ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ǪȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȠȈȘ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȚȈ ȋȖȕȌȖȓȈ Ȋ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ șȐȎț Ƕȕ ȚȈȒ șȉȈȓȈȕșȐȘȖȊȈȕ ȗȖ ȞȍȕȚȘț ȚȧȎȍșȚȐ ȟȚȖ
ȔȖȍ șȐȌȍȕȤȍ Ȑ ȗțșȚțȦȡȍȍ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ȕȈȗȈȘȕȐȒȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȣ Ȑ
ȘțȒȖȧȚȒȐ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ
ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȌȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȕȈȘțȎȕȈȧ
ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȈ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȉȓȐȕȖȔ ©ǹȒȈȚª ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȓȣȚȤ ȝȖȚȤ ©ȊȊȍȘȝ
ȎȐȊȖȚȖȔª ȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟț ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ©ȉȓȐȕȖȔª ȚȖ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȖȉȊȖȌȣ șțȌȕȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȤ Ȑ
ȌȊȐȎȐȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȖșȧȏȈȦȡȍȍ țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȖ ǫȐȉȒȖȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȔțșȒț-
ȓȐșȚȖȍ ©ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍª ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ șȈȔțȦ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕțȦ ȜȖȘ-
Ȕț ȐȏȋȐȉȈȚȤșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȚȤ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȟȈșȚȐȟ-
ȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ — șȓȖȊȖȔ ȗȓȣȚȤ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȕțȎ-
ȌȍȕȕȖ
ǹ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȔȈȕȍȊȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ șȊȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǷȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ Ȍȓȧ Ȍȍ-
ȚȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȉșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ ȝȘȍȉȚȖȊ Ȑ ȌȖȓȐȕ țȏȒȐȝ ȒȈ-
ȕȤȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȒȘȈȚȍȘȖȊ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȊțȓȒȈȕȖȊ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ șȍȉȍ ȘȈȊȕȣȝ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȕȐ ȗȓȈȊȈȓ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈȝ
ȧ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȎȐȊȈȧ ȘȣȉȐȕȈ ȗțșȚȤ
șȈȔȈȧ ȒȘțȗȕȈȧ Ȑ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȈȧ ȏȈșȚȘȧȓȈ ȉȣ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȊțȠȒȍ Ǩ ©ǹȒȈȚª ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȔȖȌȍȓȐ ȗȖ
șȊȖȍȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȓ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȑ șȘȍȌȍ Ȑ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȖ-
Ȕț ȖșȕȈȡȍȕȐȦ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚ ȓȦȉțȦ șȈȔțȦ ȓȖȊȒțȦ Ȑ șȐȓȤ-
ȕțȦ ȊȓȈȌȣȟȐȞț ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ Ǭȓȧ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ Ȑȏ-
ȉȘȈȓȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ©ǹȒȈȚª ȔȖȎȍȚ ȓȍȋȒȖ țȌȘȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȓȦ-


408
ȉȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȐȓȐ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ
ȏȈȘȧȌȖȔ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓȖșȤ
ǰȚȈȒ ȧ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍ Ȉ ©ǹȒȈȚª ȉȣȓ ȗȖȌȊȍȠȍȕ Ȓ ȊȍȘȚȖ-
ȓȍȚț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȟȈȓ ȕȈș Ȋ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȘȈȑȖȕ ǰȕȌȐȑ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȇ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȍȓ ȏȈȕȧȚȤ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȈ Ȉȥ-
ȘȖȌȘȖȔȍ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȈȔȖȏȈȌȘȈȐȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȈ șȘȈȉȈ-
ȚȣȊȈȦȚ Ȑ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȕȖ ȗȖșȈȌȒȈ ©ȊșțȝțȦª ȊȖ-ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȝ ȖȚȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȕȐ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȈȌȍȎȕȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȐȕȚ ȕȍ ȏȈȑȔȍȚ ȕțȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗțșȚȧȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȚȘȧșȒȐ Ȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȣ ȖȚȒȈȎțȚșȧ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȚȤ
©ǹȒȈȚª Ǵȕȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȋȘȖȏȐȓȖ ȕȖ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊț Ȑ ǺȐȚȖȊț
ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȚȤșȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ ǶȗȣȚ ȊȐ-
ȌȈȊȠȐȝ ȊȐȌȣ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ
țȟȐȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȔȍȓȖȟȍȑ ȌȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌȖȝȖȌȧȚ
©ȔȖȏȋȐª ȗȘȐȉȖȘȖȊ
ȇ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ǺȐȚȖȊȍ Ȑ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȍ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ ȉȍșșȚȘȈ-
Ƞȍȕ ǵȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȉȍșșȚȘȈȠȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ
ȔțȎȍșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȓțȟȠȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ — ȉȍșșȚȘȈȠȐȍ ȖȌȍȘ-
ȎȐȔȖȋȖ ǪȣȊȍșȚȐ Ȏȍ ǺȐȚȖȊȈ Ȑȏ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȊȕȖ-
ȊȍșȐȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
ǷȖȟȚȐ" ǫȔ Ǵȍȕȧ șȚȈȓȐ ȖȌȖȓȍȊȈȚȤ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ
Ȍȍȓȍ ǺȐȚȖȊ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȐȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȓȈȌȍȦȡȐȝ șȖȉȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȍȘȖȊ ǹ ȗȈȘȚȕȍ-
ȘȖȔ ȚȐȗȈ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ Ȗȕ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȖȕȐ ȏȈ-
ȗȍȘȚȣ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ Ȋ ȚȍșȕȖȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍ ǿȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȌȍȚ ȍșȓȐ ©ȒȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȤª ǺȐȚȖȊ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȦ ©ȖȋȕȐȊȈª DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ" DzȈȒȐȍ ȐșȒȘȣ ȊȣșȍȒțȚșȧ" Ǵȕȍ
ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȎȍ Ȋ ȗȖȎȐȓȖȔ ȊȖȏȘȈ-
șȚȍ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȖȝȖȚȍ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ș ȐȘȖ-
ȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȉȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȘțȎȤȍ ȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ Ȏȍ
ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȍȖȉ-
ȘȈȎȈȓȐșȤ ǵȍ ȔȖȋ ȓȐ ȈȏȈȘȚ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȖȕȍȘȈ ȐȓȐ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈ ȖȊ-
ȓȈȌȍȚȤ Ȑ ǺȐȚȖȊȣȔ"
ǷȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȧ ȊȘțȟȍȕȕțȦ Ȕȕȍ ȗȈȗȒț ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȑ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐ-
șȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤ Țț Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȖȘȍȓșȧ ȊȍșȤ șȣȘ-ȉȖȘ ǭȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȈ ȚȍȓȍȒȈȔȍȘȈ șȗțȡȍȕȕȈȧ
ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ ȚȘȖșȍ ș ȉȖȘȚȈ ȕȈȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ


409
șțȌȕȈ ǷȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȘț șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ
ȔȖȘȌȈ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ǺȘȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȓȉț șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏȌțȔȕȖ ǪȏȋȓȧȌ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ șȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȐȏȒȖȑ șȚț-
ȗȍȕȐ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȍȋȖ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȉȓȍșȒȈ șȖȏȕȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȘȍȜȓȍȒȚȖȘȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚ ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȖȚ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȖȏ ȗȖȌȐȘȈȓ ȗȖ ȒȖȎȍ ȀȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȗȈșȚȤ
șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȦȡȈȧ Ȗ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȖȑ ȜțȕȒȞȐȐ ȝȊȈȚȈȕȐȧ ȔȖȋț-
ȟȐȑ ȒȈȗȒȈȕ ș ȕȍȘȖȊȕȣȔȐ ȋȘțȉȖ ȊȣȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȏțȉȤȧȔȐ Ƕ
ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȝ ȗȈșȚȐ șțȌȐȚȤ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ș ȒȈȒȖȋȖ
ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧ șȌȍȓȈȕ șȕȐȔȖȒ
ǶȚ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ Ȋ ȈȎȐȖȚȈȎ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȉț-
ȌțȟȐ ȏȈȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȖșȚȤȦ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ dzȍȋȒȖ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȡțȚȐȓȐ ȉȣ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȐ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ș ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȟțȌȐȡȍȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȓȐȞț
ȇ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓ ȜȖȚȖ ǵȈ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȍ ȒȘȈȚȒȈȧ ȊȣȗȐșȒȈ Ȑȏ ȕȈțȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȖȒȖȓȈ ǺȍȓȍȒȈȔȍȘȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȈ șȕȐȔȖȒ ǯȈȚȍȔ — ȥȚȖ
ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȥȒȘȈȕȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț șțȌȕȈ — ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȗȈșȚȤ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȘȐȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȒȈȔȍȘȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ șȊȍȘȒȕțȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȓțȟȍ


410
șȊȍȚȈ ȏțȉ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȐ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȧșȕȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ
ȋȓȖȚȒț Ȑ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȔȘȈȒ ǺȘȖș Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȈ
ȒȈȔȍȘȈ ȕȈȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȓȍșȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȍȚșȧ ȒȘțȗȕȈȧ Șȣ-
ȉȈ ǷȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȤ ȌȖȉȣȟț ȕȐ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȐ ǷȖșȓȍ
ȌȍșȧȚȐȔȐȕțȚȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȚȘȖș ȚȖ ȕȈȔȈȚȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ ȓȍȉȍȌȒȐ ȚȖ șȗțșȒȈȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖșȓȈȉȐȚȤ ȕȈ-
ȚȧȎȍȕȐȍ Ȗȕ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȏȈȋȓȖȚȐȊȠȍȍ ȒȈȔȍȘț
ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ǹțȌȧ ȗȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔ ȒȈȔȍȘȣ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȖșȚȤȦ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȐȊȠȍȍșȧ ș ȕȍȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ
ǩȐȖȓȖȋȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐ
Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȘțȌȈȝ ǸȈȏȋȖȘȍȓȐșȤ șȗȖȘȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ
ȊȔȍȠȈȓșȧ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ ǻȊȐȌȍȊ ȜȖȚȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȗȖ
ȏȍȔȕȖȔț ȚȍȓȍȊȐȌȍȕȐȦ Ȗȕ ©ȖȗȖȏȕȈȓª Ȋ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐ-
ȡȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ Ǫ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
Țȣșȧȟ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȘȖȚȖȒȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊ Ȑ
ȘȐșțȕȒȐ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȘȖȠȓȣȝ ȊȍȒȖȊ
ǶȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ©ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊª ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȋ ȚȖȑ
Ȏȍ ȗȈȟȒȍ ȜȖȚȖȒȖȗȐȑ ǺȘȍȝȋȓȈȏȖȍ ȟțȌȐȡȍ ș ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȗȈșȚȤȦ
ȋȕȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈ țȚȓȣȔ șțȌȍȕȣȠȒȖȔ țȌȐȘȈȊȠȐȔ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȈȘțșȈȝ
ǵȈ ȒȖȘȔȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȓ
ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȕȍȉț ǺțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ȏȔȍȧ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȕȈȌ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȉȣ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȐ ȚȖȓ-
șȚȣȝ ȒȖȓȍȞ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ șȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ș ȊȍȘșȐȍȑ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ
ȕȈșȟȍȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȏȔȍȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔȐ ȏȈȚȖ ©ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȕȖȍ șȝȖȌșȚȊȖª ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ.
— DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȏȈșȕțȓȐ" — ȖȒȓȐȒȕțȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǹ ȥȒȘȈȕȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ țȓȣȉȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ǨȋȈȗȖȊ
— Ǫșȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ǷȣȚȈȦșȤ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȖȗȖȌȖȉȕțȦ ȊȍȘșȐȦ ǵȍ ȊȍșȚȐ Ȏȍ ȗȖȐșȒȐ ȕȈȖȉțȔ
— ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȑȚȍ — ȖȉȖȌȘȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǨȋȈȗȖȊ — ȇ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ
ȗȘȐȓȍȚȍȓ ș dzțȕȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȒȍ ǰ Ȋȣșȓț-
ȠȈȓ țȎȍ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȌȍșȧȚȖȒ ȋȐȗȖȚȍȏ ǪȈȠȐ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣ
— ȇ ȐșȝȖȎț Ȑȏ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ —șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ȧ — ǹȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȤșȧ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȈȒ ǺȐȚȖȊ DzȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȔ șțȌȕȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓ-
șȧ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ǺȐȚȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖ ȐȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȐ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȚȤșȧ
DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊț ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȚȖȚ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȔ ȕȍȘȈ-


411
ȏțȔȕȣȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ ǹ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǺȐȚȖȊ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȗȕ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȏȈ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȍ ȘȈȔȒȐ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȉȣ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȐ șțȌȕȖ ȒȘȍȑ-
șȐȘțȦȡȍȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ǪȣȊȖȌ ȖȌȐȕ Ȗȕ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȥȚȖȋȖ
șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǷȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȊȣȊȍ-
ȓȖ Ȑȏ șȚȘȖȧ ǺȐȚȖȊȈ
— ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ©ǹȒȈȚª ȕȈȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕțȦ șȒȈȓț Ȑȏ-ȏȈ
ȖȠȐȉȒȐ ȓȖȒȈȚȖȘȈ"
— ǺȖȋȌȈ ȉȣ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȣ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ șȐȋȕȈȓ
ȉȍȌșȚȊȐȧ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ
— dzȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȧ — ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ȧ — ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȔ Ȓ Ȋȣ-
ȊȖȌț ȟȚȖ ǺȐȚȖȊȈ ȊȣȊȍȓȖ Ȑȏ șȚȘȖȧ ȕȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȍ
ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȍ Ȉ ȟȐșȚȖ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜȈȒȚȖȘ
— ǵȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ǺȐȚȖȊ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȧ ȗșȐȝȈȕțȚȤ"
— ǵȍȚ ǷȘȖșȚȖ ǺȐȚȖȊ ȔȖȋ ȟȍȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȐȓȤȕȖ țȌȐ-
ȊȐȚȤșȧ ǵȈ ȔȐȋ Ǩ șȍȒțȕȌț șȗțșȚȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ
șȖȉȖȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ
— ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ ȖȕȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ șȖ ȏȔȍȍȔ"
— ǹ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȊȠȐȔ ǺȐȚȖȊȈ
— ǰ ȥȚȖ ©ȟȚȖ-ȚȖª ȘȍȈȋȐȘȖȊȈȓȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȕȈȗȈȓȖ
ȕȈ ©ǹȒȈȚª"
— ǵȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ. — ǨȊȚȖȔȈȚȣ șȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȉȣ
ǰ țȎ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȓȍȎȈ-
ȓȈ ȉȣ șȍȑȟȈș ț ȕȈș Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȒȈȚțȠȒȐ ș ȔȈȋȕȐȚȕȖȑ ȏȈ-
ȗȐșȤȦ Ǩ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȜȖȚȖ
ǸȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓșȧ
Ǫ ȕȐȎȕȦȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒȈȉȐȕȣ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ Ǫ
ȗȖȓȖșȍ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȓȈȊțȟȐȔȐ ȘȈȌȐȖȔȈȧȒȈȔȐ ȠȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȍ ȋȘțȏȖȊȣȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ ȗȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȖȉȚȍȒȈȍȔȣȝ ȜȖȘȔ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ
ȌȘțȋȐȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȒȐȓȤȊȈȚȍȘȕȖȔ șȚȘȖȦ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȕȐ ȗȖȓȖș-
ȒȐ ȌȣȔȈ DzȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȔȈȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȈȧ ȕȈ ȜȖȚȖȒȖȗȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ǵȣ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȓȐ ǪȍȓȐȒțȦ ȚȘȈȕș-
ȖȒȍȈȕșȒțȦ ȌȖȘȖȋț șȊȧȏȣȊȈȦȡțȦ ȗȖȘȚȣ — ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ
ȚȘȈȕșȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ ȌȖȘȖȋ ǺȖȊȈȘȕȣȍ șȖșȚȈȊȣ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȘȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȕȖȊȈ șȚȈȚȤ
ȕȈ ȘȍȓȤșȣ


412
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȊȕȐȏț șȕȖȊȈ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȓȈșȤ ȊȖȌȕȈȧ ȗțșȚȣȕȧ Ǵȣ
ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȘȈȑȖȕț ȓȍȎȈȡȍȔț Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȖȚ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ
ȠȖșșȍ
ǷȘȧȔȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ șȚȈȌȖ ȒȐȚȖȊ ǭȋȖ ȗȈșȓȐ ȗȧȚȤ ȒȘȖ-
Ƞȍȟȕȣȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȕȣȘȧȚȤ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȓȣȚȤ
ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȍ ȝțȎȍ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȌȖȗȍȟȕȣȝ ǿȍȚȣȘȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐȒȈ-
ȗȈșȚțȝȈ ȠȓȐ ȗȖ ȉȖȒȈȔ șȚȈȌȈ Ȉ ȗȧȚȣȑ ȏȈȔȣȒȈȓ ȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȇ
ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ șȖȏȌȈȦȚ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȖȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ
ȕȍ ȌȈȍȚ ȒȐȚȈȔ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȣ ȏȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȗȓȣȓȐ ©ȊȖȎȈȒȐª — ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȈȒȍȚȣ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȚȧȕțȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ șȚȈȌȖ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȕȐ șȔȖȚ-
Șȍȓ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȒȐȚȖȊ ȖȚ Ȑȝ ȐȔȐȚȈȞȐȐ
ǫȖȓȖȊȕȣȍ ȒȐȚȣ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
ȘȈșșȍȒȈȓȐ ȊȖȌț țȌȈȘȧȧ ȔȖȡȕȣȔȐ ȝȊȖșȚȈȔȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȐȋȘȈȧ
ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȠȐȘȖȒțȦ șȗȐȕț ȐȓȐ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌț ȊȣȉȘȈ-
șȣȊȈȧ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȜȖȕȚȈȕ — Ȑ
Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȍ
ȒȐȚȣ ȠȓȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ
DzȐȚȈȔ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȓȣȊțȚ ǵȈ șȈ-
ȔȖȔ Ȏȍ Ȍȍȓȍ șȚȈȌȖ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȕȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȈșȚȉȐȡȍ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȍ ȗȓȈȕȒ-
ȚȖȕȖȔ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ șțȌȕȖ șȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ǰș-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȐȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ©ǰșȒȈȚȍȓȤª
— ǷȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤșȧ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǨȋȈȗȖȊ
3
Ǵȍȕȧ șȉȘȈșȣȊȈȦȚ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȔ ȇ ȗȈ-
ȌȈȦ ȒȈȒ șȍȔȧ ȊȧȏȈ — ȟțȚȤ ȗȓȈȕȐȘțȦ ȒȈșȈȦșȤ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ
ȊȖȌȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖȕț ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȊȒȓȦȟȈȦ
ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȐ ǺȍȓȖ ©ǹȒȈȚȈª ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȗȖ-
ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȈȒțȓȈ
ǺȈȒȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȒȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȖȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȧȕțȚȤșȧ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ ǵȍ
ȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȌȍȓȈ ș ȈȒțȓȈȔȐ ǵȖ Ȗ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȥȒȏȍȔȗ-


413
ȓȧȘȈȝ ȝȖȌȧȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ ǨȒțȓȈ ȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȋȖȓȖȌȈȓȈșȤ — ȕȈȗȈȌȈȚȤ
ȕȈ ȒȐȚȖȊ ȏȈȡȐȡȍȕȕȣȝ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȚȖȒȖȔ
ȕȍ ȚȈȒ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȑ ©ǹȒȈȚ»
ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȖȚȕȦȌȤ
ȕȍ ș ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȟȐ-
șȚȖȑ ȓȦȉȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖș-
ȚȐ ǯȈ ȒȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȓȈ ȗȓȣȊțȡȍȍ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ
ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȍȍ ȊșȍȔ ȚțȓȖ-
ȊȐȡȍȔ ©șțȡȍșȚȊȖª ȕȍ
ȉȍȘțșȤ șțȌȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȍȌȊȈ
ȖȗȐșȈȊ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȒȘțȋ
ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ ȒȖ-
ȘȈȉȓȤ
ǨȒțȓȈ ȊȗȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȈ-
Ȕȣȑ ȒȘȈȑ ©ǹȒȈȚȈª
șȓȖȊȕȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ-
ȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȒțșȖȒ
ǵȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȚȖȕȒȈȧ ȒȘȖȔ-
ȒȈ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȈ ©ǹȒȈȚȈª
ȗȘȖȟȕȍȍ șȚȈȓȐ ȇ ȊȒȓȦ-
ȟȐȓ ȚȖȒ ǹȍȘȗȖȊȐȌȕȈȧ
ȗȈșȚȤ ȘȈȏȎȈȓȈșȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȊȊȍȘȝ
ȉȘȦȝȖȔ Ȑ ©ȚȐȋȘ ȋȓțȉȐȕª șȚȈȓ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȘȍȊȕȖ
— ǷȘȐȔȐȚȍ ȚȘȖȜȍȑ — șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȧ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ — ǹȋȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȍȓȧ
Ȕțȏȍȧ
— ǬȍȘȎȐȚȍ ȒȖȘȗțș ȗȖȌ ȚȖȒȖȔ — ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓ ǨȋȈȗȖȊ
Ƕȕ țȎȍ ȊȣșȈȌȐȓșȧ ș ȊȍȘȚȖȓȍȚȈ Ȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ©ǰș-
ȒȈȚȍȓȧª ǴȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȍ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȓȖșȤ
ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȥȒȘȈȕȍ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȕȖȔ ȠȒȈȓȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȇ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ
ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȈȌȊȖȌȕȣȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȐ țȝȐȚȘȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȚȤ
șȓȍȌ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ Ȑ ǺȐȚȖȊȈ ǪȍȌȤ ȕȈ ȥȒȘȈȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȔȖȑ ©ǹȒȈȚª ȕȖ Ȑ ȒȖȕȚțȘ ȌȕȈ ȊȣȟȍȘȟȐȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȓȖȒȈȚȖȘȖȔ


414
©ǹȒȈȚª ȖȗțșȒȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȌȍȓȈȧ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȚȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȚȖ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǷȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ
ȕȈ șȕȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȖ ȒȘțȚȖȑ șȗȐȘȈȓȐ ǹȈȔȖ șȖȉȖȑ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ
ȔȖȍ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȧ ȔȖȋ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȑ ȖȉșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȒȖȑ ©ǩȓȐȕª ȖȒȈȑȔȓȧȊȠȐȑ ȒȈȉȐȕț ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ șȗȓȦ-
ȡȐȊȈȓșȧ, țȔȍȕȤȠȈȧ ȖȉȢȍȔ ș ȗȖȊȣȠȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȅȚȖ ȚȖ-
Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȝȐȚȘȖșȚȍȑ ȍȋȖ țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȈ
ǪȖȌȈ ȚȍȔȕȍȓȈ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȍȓȈ Ȑ ȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ șȊȍȚ
ǬȓȐȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȚȖȡȈȧ ȘȣȉȐȕȈ ș ȊȣȗțȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȖȠ-
ȓȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȑ țșȚȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȖȋȖȕȤ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȣ ȧ șȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍ-
șȚȊȍ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȧȓ șȊȧȏȤ ǰ ȕȈ țȓȤȚȘȈȏȊțȒȍ
Ȑ ȕȈ Țȍȝ ȘȈȌȐȖȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȊȖȌț ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚțȘȈ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȉȍȏȖȚȒȈȏȕȖ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȥȒȘȈȕȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǨȋȈȗȖȊȈ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏ ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȐȑ Ƕȕ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ
ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖ
ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖȌșȚȍȘȍȋȓȖ ǺȐȚȖȊȈ" ȇ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ
ǺȐȚȖȊȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȓ ©ǹȒȈȚȖȔª ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȑ ȗȘȐ-
șȚțȗ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ" Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊ — ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȧȓȐ
ȗȍȘȍȌ șȗțșȒȖȔ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȣ șȖȖȉȡȐȓȐ ȉȣ Ȗ ȓȦȉȣȝ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȧȝ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȍ ȇ șȐȎț ȖȚȒȐȕțȊ-
ȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȦșȤ Ȋ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȐȑ ȚțȔȈȕ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȣȔ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ șȚȍȕȈ ȔȘȈȒȈ ȔțȘȓȣȟț ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȖș Ȉ ȕȈ-
ȊȍȘȝț ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ©ǰșȒȈȚȍȓȧª ȏȕȈȦȚ ȒȈȒ ȉȤȍȚșȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗțȓȤș,
șȓȣȠȈȚ ȔȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȐșșȓȍȌțȦȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȈȒ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȧ ȕȈȝȖȎțșȤ Ȋ ȒȓȐȕȐȒȍ ț ȌȖȒȚȖȘȖȊ
dzȖȒȈȚȖȘȣ ȏȈȗȐȡȈȓȐ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȒȘȈȕȈȝ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ șȒȈȓȣ
ȖȕȐ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȒȈȉȐȕț șȓȖȊȕȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȍȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȐȚȤ Ǫ
ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȐȋ ȌȖȕȕȣȑ ȓȖȒȈȚȖȘ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȑ ©ǹȒȈȚª șȍȑ-
ȟȈș ȓȧȎȍȚ ȕȈ ȋȘțȕȚ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȧȔț țȋȓțȉȓȍȕȐȍ
șȘȍȌȐ șȒȈȓ ǵȍ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȓȐ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ Ȏȍ ȒȖȓȖȌȞȍ ©ǹȒȈȚ-1»?
ǵȍȚ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȣ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȉȣ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ǶșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȔȈȕȍȊȘȐȘțȧ ȧ ȊȣȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȓȖȊțȠȒȐ
— ǿȚȖ ȚȈȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǨȋȈȗȖȊ Ƕȕ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȥȒȘȈȕȍ ȕȍȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȔȣ Țȍ ȌȍȚȈȓȐ ȌȕȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȊȐȎț ȧ


415
— ǷȖȘȧȌȖȒ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȦ ȧ ȊȍȌȧ ©ǹȒȈȚª ȔȍȎȌț ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȚȊȍș-
ȕȣȔȐ șȚȍȕȒȈȔȐ
— ǵȍ șȗȍȠȐȚȍ — șȖȊȍȚțȍȚ ǨȋȈȗȖȊ— ǰșșȓȍȌțȑȚȍ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ
ȔȍȚȘ
ǵȈ ȔȐȋ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȖȟȚȐ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ
ȔȣșȓȤ Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȏȈȚȖȕțȊ-
ȠȐȑ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȌȈȊȕȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ" ǰ ©ǹȒȈȚ-ª ȗȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ Ȋ
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȓȦȒ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȏȈșȚȘȧȓ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȚȘȦȔȍ
ǴȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȖȉȠȐȊȒȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȘȈȌȐȖȊȖȓȕ,
ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊ șȊȧȏȐ ǵȖ ȕȍȚ ȅȚȈ ȊȍȘșȐȧ ȖȚȗȈȌȈȍȚ ǺȐȚȖȊ
ȕȍ ȗȖȓȍȏ ȉȣ Ȋ ȚȘȦȔ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȊ Ȋ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ©ǰșȒȈȚȍȓȤª
Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ șȖȋȓȈșȐȧ Ǩ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊț ȕȍȏȈȟȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓ-
ȒȈȚȤ ǺȐȚȖȊȈ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȤ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȚȖ ȏȔȍȍȊȍȌț ȗȖȔȍȘȍȡȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȏȐȧȦȡȍȑ ȌȣȘȍ ȏȈȚȖȕțȊȠȍȋȖ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȝȊȖșȚ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ
ȇ ȊȣȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘ ǷȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ
ȓȍȎȈȓ ȒȈȕȤȖȕ țȏȒȐȑ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȐȌȚȐ ȕȈȌ șȈȔȣȔ
ȌȕȖȔ dzȖȒȈȚȖȘ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȔ ȥȒȘȈȕȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț țȡȍ-
ȓȤȧ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ ǷȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȗȘȖ-
ȕȐȏȣȊȈȓ ȚȖȓȡț ȊȖȌȣ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȇ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȐȟȈȓ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȍ Ȑ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȍ ȚȍȕȐ
ǹȓȍȊȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȋțșȚȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȇ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖșȊȍȚȐȊ
țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ șȚȍȕȒȈ ȒȈȕȤȖȕȈ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȖȌȔȣȚȈ ȊȕȐȏț Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȎȍȓȖȉȈ
— ǷȖȐȡț Ȋ ȡȍȓȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ǨȋȈȗȖȊț
ǺȖȚ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȥȒȘȈȕ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑș-
ȟȍȏȓȖ ǷȘȐȉȖȘȣ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȐȘțȦȡȐȍ șȊȧȏȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ șȊȧȏȤ ȕȍ
ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ
ǨȗȗȈȘȈȚțȘȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ șȚȘȖȧ ǷȘȐȉȖȘȣ șȓȍȌȧ-
ȡȐȍ ȏȈ ȍȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȐșȗȘȈȊȕȖșȚȐ
ǩțȌȤ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȖȕȐ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȈȕȐȒț
ǴȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȊȍȘȝ Ǫ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ
șȓțȟȈȧȝ Ȕȣ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȐȡȍȔ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȍ ǰ
țȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȚȊȍȚ ǹȒȈȓȣ ȕȈȊȐșȠȐȍ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȐȔ ©ǹȒȈȚȖȔª ȖȚșȍ-
ȒȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ǵȐ țȓȤȚȘȈȏȊțȒ ȕȐ ȘȈȌȐȖȊȖȓȕȣ
ȗȘȧȔȖȋȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȌȖ ©ǰșȒȈȚȍȓȧª Ǭȓȧ
ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȧ Ȑșȟȍȏ — ș ȥȒȘȈȕȈ Ȑ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ
ȒȈȕȈȓȖȊ șȊȧȏȐ ©ǰșȒȈȚȍȓȤª ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ ȗȘȈȊȍȍ


416
ȖȚ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȒțȘșȈ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȒȈȕȤȖȕȈ Ȑ șȊȧȏȤ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȖșșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȓȍȏȚȤ șȦȌȈ Ȕȕȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȌȖȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȚȤșȧ Ȗ ȔȈȕȍȊȘȍ șȊȧȏȐ ș ©ǰșȒȈȚȍȓȍȔª ǹȍȑȟȈș ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȎȍȓȖȉȈ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ țȊȐȌȧȚ Ȑ țș-
ȓȣȠȈȚ
ǵȍ Țț Ȏȍ ȓȐ ȖȠȐȉȒț șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ ǺȐȚȖȊ" ȇ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȍȗȘȖ-
șȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȔȍȓȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȔȈȝ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȔȖȋ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȐ-
ȟȐȕț ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊȈ șȊȧȏȐ șȖ ©ǹȒȈ-
ȚȖȔ-ª ǶȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ Dz șȖȎȈ-
ȓȍȕȐȦ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȈȘȕȣȍ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȐ șȓțȟȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ș ȖȗȣȚ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ
ȇ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ȓ ȘȣȟȈȋț țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ©ǹȒȈȚȖȔª Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȘ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȋ șȈȔȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȒȈȕȤȖȕȈ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȐȏȋȐ-
ȉȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȕȐ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȍȍ
ȗȘȐȒȐȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȣ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȏȈȗȖȓȕȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȈȕȤȖȕ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ
șȚȈ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȇ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȒȚȖ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȉȣ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȔ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ
ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ


417
ȇ ȚȖȚȟȈș șȕȧȓ ȘțȒț ș ȘȣȟȈȋȈ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȊȣȊȖȌȐȚȤ
©ǹȒȈȚª Ȑȏ ȎȍȓȖȉȈ-țȒȘȣȚȐȧ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȖȉȌțȔȈȚȤ ȇ
ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ șȔȍȘȐȚȤ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȌȖ ©ȏȔȍȧª — ȉțȌț ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ — ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȓȖȒȈȚȖȘȈ Ȉ ȏȈȖȌȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȟȕȍȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍ-
ȓȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȣ ǵȖ ȓțȟ ȓȖȒȈȚȖȘȈ țȗȐȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȈȊȐșȠȐȍ
șȒȈȓȣ ȧ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȎȍȓȖȉȍ
ǹȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȘȍșȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȈȊ ȓȐȞȖ Ȓ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȒȍ ȒȈȉȐȕȣ ȧ
ȔȖȋ ș ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖșȚȤȦ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȓȍȕȐȊȖ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȊȠȍȍșȧ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
ȇ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȓȐ ț ȔȖȍȋȖ ©ǹȒȈȚȈª ȚȖȒȈ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȤ ȚȈȒțȦ ȔȖȋțȟțȦ ȚȊȈȘȤ" Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȏȔȍȑ șȈȔ ȏȈ-
ȘȧȎȍȕ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ț ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȔȖȘș-
ȒȐȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ" DzȈȒȖȑ șȐȓȣ ȘȈȏȘȧȌ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ ȖȉȘțȠȐȚȤ
Ȗȕ ȕȈ ©ǹȒȈȚª" ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖșȚȈȕ-
ȞȐȧ ȗȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȦ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖ ©ǹȒȈȚȈª —
șțȡȐȍ ȗțșȚȧȒȐ
ǪȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȏȔȍȧ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȖȚ ȟȍȋȖ
ȒȘȖȊȤ ȏȈșȚȣȓȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȎȐȓȈȝ ǯȔȍȑ ȐȏȖȋȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ țȚȖȓȡȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋ șȈȔȖȑ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ
ǹȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȏȔȍȧ ȏȈȋȓȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȓȧȋțȠȒț"
ǷȘȍșȔȣȒȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȎȍȘȚȊț Ȋ ȗȈșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȠȐȘȍ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ ȕȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȏȈȋȓȖȟȍȕȕțȦ ȌȖȉȣȟț
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȟțȓȖȒ ǷȘȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ ȕȈ ȏȔȍȦ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȓȧȋțȠȒȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ Ȋ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȝ
ȚȖȓȟȒȖȊ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȍȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȎȍȓțȌȒț ȏȔȍȐ
ǪȖȚ ȚȈȒȈȧ Ȏȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ǰșȗȖ-
ȓȐȕșȒȐȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȏȈȋȓȖȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȖȔȍș-
ȚȐȊȠȍȍșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ǹȈȔȖȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ©ȟȚȖ-ȚȖª ȐȔȍȓȖ ȖȊȈȓȤȕțȦ ȜȖȘȔț Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȣ
©ǹȒȈȚȈª
ȇ ȘȈȏȌțȔȣȊȈȓ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȌȕț ȔȐȕțȚț ǵȈȌȖ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȈȚȈ-
ȒȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȏȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȓȦȉȣȔ ȗțȚȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȉȘȦȝȖ ȗțșȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȗȘȖȒȓȧȕțȚ Ȋșȍ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȈȉȖȚȐȓșȧ șȖȝȘȈ-
ȕȐȚȤ ȕȐȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȕȕțȦ ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕț Ȋ ȎȐȊȣȝ ǷȖȌȒȘȈșȚȤșȧ Ȓ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡț ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȕȈȗȈșȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ
ȖȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ǪȍȌȤ ȖȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖ țȌȘȈȚȤ


418
ǶșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ǫ ȒȈȕȤȖȕȍ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈȝ Ȑ ȖȕȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȧȓȖ ȔȖȐ ȔȈȕȍȊȘȣ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȔȈ-
ȕȍȊȘȖȊ ȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȏȔȍȧ Ȑȏ ȗȖȓȧ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ
DzȈȕȤȖȕ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȐȏȋȐȉ ȇ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȊȖ-
ȘȖȚț ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȗȘȖșțȕțȓ ȕȖș ©ǹȒȈȚȈª Ȋ ȏȈȒȖțȓȖȒ ȒȈȒ țȊȐȌȍȓ
ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ ȗȈșȚȤ
DzȈȒ ȕȐ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȌȓȐȓȖșȤ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȧ țșȗȍȓ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȚȤ
ȚȘȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȓȧȌȍȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȘȋȈȧ ȕȍȘȖȊ-


419
ȕȣȍ ȏțȉȣ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȊȠȐȍ Ȋ șȊȍȚȍ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȗȈșȚȤ
ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȇ țșȗȍȓ ȕȈȎȈȚȤ ȒȕȖȗȒț ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȏȈȡȐȚȣ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȖ
ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȕȖȑ ȘȍȈȒȞȐȐ dzȖȒȈȚȖȘȣ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȗȐȡȈȓȐ ȒȘȐ-
ȟȈ Ȗȉ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ Ȗ ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚ-
ȊȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȇ ȌȈȓ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȏȈȌȕȐȑ
ȝȖȌ ǷȘȖȑȌȧ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȘȍȝ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ©ǹȒȈȚª țȗȍȘșȧ ȋȐȉȒȐȔ
Ȑ țȗȘțȋȐȔ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȍ ǶȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȎȐȔț ǭȡȍ ȌȊȈ ȚȖȓȟȒȈ ș ȘȈȏȋȖȕț — Ȑ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ Șȍ-
ȏțȓȤȚȈȚ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȤ ǿȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȍȡȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ
ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ©ǹȒȈȚª ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȕȍșȓȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȊȕțȚȘȤ ȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ dzȖȒȈȚȖȘȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȍ șȚȍȕȣ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ Ȉ Ȋ șȊȍȚȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȧ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȐȟȈȓ ȕȍȧșȕȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȜȖȕȍ ǷȧȚȕȈ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ Ȉ
ȒȖȘȗțș ©ǹȒȈȚȈª ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȣȝ ȚȖȓȟȒȖȊ ǺȖȓȟ-
ȒȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȋȓȖȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȥȚȖ ©ȟȚȖ-ȚȖª ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȊȠȍȍ ȔȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȈȊȐȚșȧ ȔȕȖȦ
Ȑ ȔȖȐȔ ©ǹȒȈȚȖȔª ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȖȒȈ ȟȚȖ ©ȊȕțȚȘȐª ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ țȎ ȚȍșȕȖ
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ ȧ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȌ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț șțȌȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȓȟȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ©ǹȒȈȚª ȊȌȘțȋ șțȏȐȓșȧ ǹȚȍȕȒȐ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȉȎȐȔȈȓȐ ȒȈȉȐȕț ǵȖ ȔȍȓȒȐȔȐ ȘȣȊȒȈȔȐ șțȌ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȖȗȐȝȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȗțȚȤ
ȕȍ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ Ȉ ș ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȔȐ ©ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȈ
ȉȍșȚȐȧ ȊȣȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚ șȊȖȐȔ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍȔ șȍȑȟȈș ȊȖșȤȔȍȘȒȐª—
ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ
ȇ ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ șȚȘȈȝȈ ǭșȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ
ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ ȏȔȍȑ ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ țșȗȍȦ ȊȏȘȍȏȈȚȤ ©ȍȋȖª ȐȏȕțȚȘȐ ș
ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ țȓȤȚȘȈȏȊțȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȕȖȎȈ ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȋȓȖȚȈȚȤ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖȍșȚ ȐȓȐ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȚțȗȖȑ ȉȈȠȒȐ ȕȍ
ȌȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȚțȚ ȜȖȒțș ǽȊȈȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȒȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖ ȟȐșȚȖ ȘȍȜȓȍȒȚȖȘȕȣȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȓȦȉȖȍ ȌȊȐ-
Ȏțȡȍȍșȧ ȚȍȓȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȗȘțȎȐȕȍ șȖȘȊȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ș ȏȈȔȒȈ ǵȍȗȖ-
ȕȧȚȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȈ ©ǹȒȈȚȍ-ª ȕȍ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȖ-
ȎȖȔ" ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ș ǺȐȚȖȊȣȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȐȓȖșȤ Ȉ DzȈ-
ȓȈȉțȠȍȊ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȖȔ" ǰȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ
țȗȘȧȔȍȞ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖșȍȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȣ ȚȖȚ ȕȍ


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ȗȖȋȐȉ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈțȒȐ" Ǩ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȔȣșȓȤ
ȌȖȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȏȔȍȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȔȈȦȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȗȍȘȐȘțȦȚ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ
ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȔ ȝȐȘțȘȋȐȐ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȘȒȖȏȖȔ ȕȈȓȖȎȐȊ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȍ ȠȊȣ
ǵț ȕȍȚ ȕȈ ȚȈȒțȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȧ ȕȍ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ ȇ ȉȘȈȓșȧ ȖȚȣș-
ȒȈȚȤ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ Ȉ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȖȓȕȧȚȤ ȘȈȞȐȖȕ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȒȈ-
ȒȐȝ ȉȣ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ȚȖȚ ȕȐ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȓ Ȑ ȒȈȒțȦ ȉȣ ȞȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȍȓȧ
ȕȈțȒȐ ȕȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ǵȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȉȣȚȕȈȧ ȉȍ-
șȚȐȧ ȉȘȖȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȍȚșȧ ȕȐ ȐȏȕțȚȘȐ ȕȐ șȕȈȘțȎȐ
șȓȈȉȣȔ ȓțȟȐȒȖȔ țȓȤȚȘȈȏȊțȒȈ" Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ©ǹȒȈȚª ȕȍ
ȒȖȕșȚȘțȐȘȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȔ
ǹȍȘȐȧ ȔȍȓȒȐȝ ȚȖȓȟȒȖȊ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ©ǹȒȈȚª ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȏȈ-
ȊȐȉȘȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȚȖȓȟȒȖȊ ȧ ȕȍȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȊȣȒȓȦ-
ȟȐȓ șȊȍȚ Ǫ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ©ǹȒȈȚª ȗȘȖșȒȖȟȐȓ țȏȖșȚȤ
Ȉ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
Ǵȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ țȡȐȗȕțȚȤ șȍȉȧ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȊȍȚȧ-
ȡȍȍșȧ ȗȧȚȕȖ ǶȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȘțȋȓȖȑ ȜȖȘ-
Ȕȣ ǷȧȚȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȖșȤ ȇ țȏȕȈȓ ©ǹȒȈȚ-1».
4
ǬȈ ©ǹȒȈȚ-ª ȏȈȎȈȚȣȑ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȕȈ ȔțșȒț-
ȓȣ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȕȈ ȚȒȈȕȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț țȚȖȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȟȍȔ-
ȚȖ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȓșȧ ȒȘȈȍȔ ȌȐșȒȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț DzȈȉȐȕȈ șȊȍȚȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ǪȕțȚȘȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȈȒȊȈȘȐțȔȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ
ȌȊȍ ȌȊȐȎțȡȐȍșȧ ȚȍȕȐ
ǺȈȒ șȖșȚȖȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈȠȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ȇ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ
șȊȍȚ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ
ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȌȊȍșȚȐ șȊȖȦ ȒȈȉȐȕț ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȓ ȒȈȉȐȕȍ DzȈ-
ȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ — ǺȐȚȖȊȈ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȎȈȓȤ
ǪȊȍȘȝț Ȑ ȊȕȐȏț ț ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȣ ȐȔȍȓȐșȤ ȓȦȒȐ ȏȈȒȘȣ-
Țȣȍ ȒȘȣȠȒȈȔȐ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȕȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȓȍȏ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȒȈȉȐȕț ȗȘȧȔȖ
ȕȈȌ ȒȈȉȐȕȖȑ ©ǹȒȈȚȈ-ª ȐȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȕȍȑ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȒȘȍȗȐȓȐșȤ ȉȣ
ȕȈȋȓțȝȖ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ș ȌȊțȝȥȚȈȎȕȖȑ ȘțȉȒȖȑ
Ǵȣ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȖȉȡȈȓȐșȤ ȉȣ Ȑ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȓȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȢȍ-


421
ȌȐȕȧȧșȤ ȌȊȐȎȐȚȍȓȐ-ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋ ȚȈȒȚ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ
ȘȐȚȔȍ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ Ȋ ȚȍșȕȖȔ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ
ȚȈȒȈȧ ©ȌȊȖȑȒȈª ȕȍ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓȈ ȉȣ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤȦ
ȕȖ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȓțȟȠȍ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ țȊȍȓȐ-
ȟȍȕȐȍ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȖȊ Ǩ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍ țșȐȓȐȑ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȣȋ-
ȘȈȓȖ ȉȣ Ȋ ȕȈȠț ȗȖȓȤȏț
ǪȖȖȉȡȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Țȣ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȥȚȖ țȎȍ Ȋ șȚȖ ȘȈȏ ȓțȟȠȍ ȇ
ȗȖȌȖȋȕȈȓ șȊȖȑ ©ǹȒȈȚª ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȓ ȘȍȉȧȚȈȔ Ǵȣ ȖȚȘȍȋțȓȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ǺȐȚȖȊ
ȒȖȘȍȕȈșȚȣȑ Ȑ ȕȐȏȒȖȘȖșȓȣȑ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȟțȚȤ ȊȖȉȘȈȊ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț ș ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ șȊȖȐȔ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ Ȗȉȍ ȘțȒȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ
ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕ ș ȖȟȍȕȤ șȊȍȚȓȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȓȖșȒȐȑ Ȋ
ȚȍȓȖșȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ǰȌȍȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ Ȍȓȧ șȗȍȓȍȖȓȖȋȈ ǷȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏ-
ȕȍȚ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ș ǺȐȚȖȊȣȔ ȏȈșȚȘȧȕȍȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȒȈ ȏȈ-
ȗȐȝȕțȚȈȧ Ȋ ȉțȚȣȓȒț
— DzȈȒ ȌȍȓȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
ǹȊȧȏȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈȔȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ
— Ǵȣ Țȍȉȧ ȎȌȈȓȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǺȐȚȖȊ — ȇ Ȋșȍ ȋȈȌȈȓ ȒȚȖ
ȗȘȐȌȍȚ Ȓ ȕȈȔ
ǬȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Ȗȕ
ȕȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȗȘȐȉțȌȍȚ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖ


422
ȎȌȈȓ ȍȍ ǹ ȕȐȔ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ
— Ǩ ȊȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ" — ȗȖȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ ȧ
ț DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ
— ǰȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — ǴȖȎȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȍȟ-
ȚȈȚȤ
ǷȖ ȓȐȞț ȍȋȖ ȘȈșȗȓȣȓȈșȤ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ
©ǺȈȒ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — ǺțȚ ȚȖȎȍ ȧșȕȖª
— ǵț Ȉ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ ȕȈșȟȍȚ ȏȔȍȧ" — ȏȈȌȈȓ ȧ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ
ȊȖȗȘȖș
ǺȐȚȖȊ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ
DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ
ȇ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ
ȌțȘȈȒȖȔ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȍȘȍȡȐȓȖșȤ Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȚȖ
ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ
— DzȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
ǺȐȚȖȊ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ
— ǺȍȔ Ȏȍ șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ — Țȣ ȊȣȚȈ-
ȡȐȠȤ ȕȈș ȏȈ ȝȊȖșȚ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ
— ǬȈȎȍ ȎȈȓȒȖ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ — ș ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș DzȈ-
ȓȈȉțȠȍȊ — ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȍȡȍ șȦȌȈ ȊȍȘȕȍȔșȧ — țȚȍȠȐȓ Ȗȕ șȍȉȧ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏ ȏȈ ȝȊȖșȚ ȚȈȒ ȏȈ ȝȊȖșȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ Ǵȕȍ ȕțȎ-
ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ — ǵȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȖȚ-
ȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ
ȇ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓ șȊȖȑ ©ǹȒȈȚª ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ©ȕȖșª
ȓȍȋ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȕȈ ©ȝȊȖșȚª ©ǹȒȈȚȈ-ª ȊȖȖȉȡȍ-ȚȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ ©ȕȖșª Ȑ
©ȝȊȖșȚª Ȍȓȧ ©ǹȒȈȚȖȊª ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ
 Ǵȣ ȊȒȓȦȟȐ-
ȓȐ ȗȘȐșȖșȣ Ȑ ȕȈȠȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȐ ȖȌȕȖ ȞȍȓȖȍ ǽȊȖșȚ
ȔȖȍȋȖ ©ǹȒȈȚȈª ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȊȖȊșȦ ǵȖ ©ǹȒȈȚ-ª ȏȈșȍȓ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ
ǴȖȑ ©ǹȒȈȚª ȊȍȘȚȍȓșȧ Ȑ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȍȘȠ ȕȈ ȒȘȦȟȒȍ Ȉ
©ǹȒȈȚ-ª șȚȖȧȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȔ ȧȒȖȘȍ
— ǬȍȑșȚȊțȑ Ȑ Țȣ — ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ǺȐȚȖȊț
Ƕȕ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȊȖȏ-
ȕȧ Ȋ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȉȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȍș-
ȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȚȖȓȟȒȐ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȐȔȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȋȖ-
ȘȈ ȇ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȖȡțȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȔ ȝȖȌȍ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȣ ©ǹȒȈȚ-1»
ȖȚ șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȣȝ țșȐȓȐȑ ȌȊțȝ ȔȈȠȐȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȣșȒȈȓȤȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑȏ


423
șȊȖȐȝ ȏȈȎȐȔȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț
Ǵȣ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȗȓȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȘȈșȞȍȗȓȧȧșȤ ǶȗȣȚ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖ ȕȈȌȍȎȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȊȘȖȏȤ Ǩ ȒȖȕșȚȘțȒȚȖȘȣ ȗȘȍ-
ȌțșȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊȈȘȐȈȕȚ ȌȊȈ ȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȘȐ ©ǹȒȈȚȈª ȔȖȋ-
ȓȐ ȐȌȚȐ ȞȍȗȖȟȒȖȑ ǩȖȓȍȍ ȗȘȖȌțȔȈȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖȑ ȒȖȕșȚ-
ȘțȒȞȐȐ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ
— ǷȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț — ȖȎȐȊȐȓșȧ ǺȐȚȖȊ
ǵȖ ȚțȚ ȋȐȌȘȖȜȖȕȣ ȌȖȕȍșȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȠțȔ ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȕȈș ȒȈȟȕțȓȖ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȋșȍ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȖșȤ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ
— ǵȍȚ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȧȕțȊȠȍȍ ©ǹȒȈȚȣª
ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ ȝȖȌȈ ȗȘȐȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ
— ǶȉȘțȠȐȓȐșȤ șȊȖȌȣ — șȒȈȏȈȓ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ Ƕȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ
Ȋ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȊȝȖȌȈ
— ǵȈȌȖ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȈȚȤ — ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ǺȐȚȖȊ
ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ǵȣ ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ Ȗș-
ȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȍ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȚȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȑ ȖȗȈș-
ȕȖșȚȐ
— DzȈȒ ȊȈș ȏȈȕȍșȓȖ șȦȌȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ǺȐȚȖȊȈ
— ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȕȍșȓȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ șȖȒȘțȠȍȕȕȖ — ǷȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȍȠȤ Ȕȣ ȠȓȐ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȒȈȕȤȖȕȈ Ȉ Ȋ șȚȍȕȒȍ — ș ȗȘȈȊȖȑ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕȣ — Ȋșȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȧ ǶȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȔ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȏȔȍȧ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȕȈ ȗȈșȚȤ ȒȈȒ
ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ ȚȍȓȍȒȈȔȍȘȖȑ Ǵȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ,
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȗȖȓțȟȠȍ ȇ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȤ Ǫ
ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȠȐȉȒȈ ǺȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈș ȏȈȚȧȕțȓȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȋ-
ȓȖȚȐȓȖ ǺȈȒ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȈȝț ȚȘȍșȕțȓșȧ
ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȗ șȚȍȕȒț ȒȈȉȐȕȣ DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȊȐȎț șȐ-
ȌȐȔ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȡȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȒȓȐȕ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȍ
— ȇ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȚȤ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȤ — ȗȖȧșȕȐȓ DzȈȓȈȉț-
ȠȍȊ— Ȑ ȌȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȑ ȝȖȌ ǵț Ȑ ȊȖȋȕȈȓ ©ǹȒȈȚª Ȋ ȓȖȊțȠȒț
Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍșȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ
ȘȈȏȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȏȈșȚȘȍȊȈȓȐ Ȋ țȏȖșȚȧȝ ǷȘȖȠȓȣȑ ȘȈȏ
Ȑȝ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȕȖș ȔȖȍȋȖ ©ǹȒȈȚȈª țȗȍȘșȧ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ
— Ǵȣ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ — șȖȖȉȡȐȓ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ Ƕȕ ȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȣ Ȑ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȔȘȈȒȍ


424
ȊȗȖȓȕȍ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ
— ǪȣȒȓȦȟȐȔ șȊȍȚ — ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ — ȖșȔȖȚ-
ȘȐȔșȧ
Ǵȣ ȗȖȋȈșȐȓȐ ȖȋȕȐ ǷȍȘȊȣȍ ȌȊȍ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȧ ȕȐȟȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǷȖȓȕȣȑ ȔȘȈȒ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȚȤ ȕȍȧș-
ȕȣȍ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȖȊ Ȑ ȊȗȈȌȐȕ ǪșȗȣȝȕțȓȐ Ȑ
ȕȈȓȐȓȐșȤ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧȘȒȐȝ ȚȖȟȍȒ Ȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȝ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȖȊ țșȚȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȈș ǪȖȏȕȐȒȓȐ șȓȈȉȖ
ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ Ǫșȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț Ǵȓȍȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ ǷțȚȐ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȘȈȑȖȕȍ ǻȋȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ǴȍȠȒȈ
— ȅȚȖ Ȕȣ ȏȈȎȋȓȐ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȞȐȦ — ȗȖȧșȕȐȓ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ.
— ǪȖȕ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȜȖșȜȖȘȍșȞȐȘȖȊȈȓȖ
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ©ǹȒȈȚȈª ȧ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȈ-
ȉȐȕȣ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ Ȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȍșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȧ ȔȖȋ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ ȓțȟȠȍ Ǵȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ.
ǴȐȕțȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȠȍșȚȤ-șȍȔȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ Ȓ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ
ȖȕȈ ȖȉȘȐșȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȕȚțȘȈȔȐ
Ǵȕȍ Ȋșȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȇ ȗȖȗȈȓșȧ ȕȈ Țț Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȔȈȕȒț ȟȚȖ Ȑ
DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ ș ǺȐȚȖȊȣȔ ©ǹȒȈȚ-ª ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȚȧȕțȓȖ Ȋ ȗȖȌ-
ȏȍȔȕȣȑ ȝȖȌ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȊȐȌȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȖȑ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ șȖȏȌȈȓȖ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȕȈȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȕȍ
ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ț ȉȣȊȈȓȣȝ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȔȖȋțȚ ȚȈȒ ȘȈșȠȈ-
ȓȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍȘȊȣ
ǹȍȑȟȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈș ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȔȣȠȍȓȖȊȒȍ șȖȏ-
ȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖ-ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔț ȖȗȈșȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǰȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȧ ȕȍ-
ȌȈȘȖȔ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȈȓȈ Ȑ ǺȐȚȖȊț Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ
ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȊȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚ ǺțȔȉȍȘȓȐȕȒȈ Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗș-
ȕȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ Ȍȓȧ ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚ ȔȖȋȓȖ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȟȍȊȐȌ-
ȕȖȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ©ǹȒȈȚ-
ª ȗȘȖȕȐȒ ȊȕțȚȘȤ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȣ ǵȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȐȚȤ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȖ ȐȌȚȐ Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕțȦ
ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒț Ǵȣ ȖȉȈ ȕȈȘțȠȐȓȐ ȐȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȦ Ȑ ȖȉȈ ȕȍȕȈȔȍȘȍȕ-
ȕȖ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȥȚȐȔ șȖȊȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȔ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔ
ȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ©ǹȒȈȚ-ª Ǫ ȖȉȡȍȔ Ȋșȍ
ȖȉȖȠȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ, ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȣ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȊȓȈȌȍȕȐȑ Ƿȓț-
ȚȖȕȈ ȊȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȕȐȧ ǵȍȗȚțȕȈ ǵȖ ȕȈș ȖȚȌȍȓȧȓȈ ȖȚ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕ-


425
ȕȈȧ șȚȍȕȈ ǵȈȠȐ țȓȤȚȘȈȏȊțȒȖȊȣȍ ȕȖȎȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȍȍ ȘȈȏț-
ȔȍȍȚșȧ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȣ DzȖȕșȚȘțȒȚȖȘȣ ©ǹȒȈȚȖȊª ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐ ȊȍȌȤ
ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȍ șțȌȈ Ȉ ȕȍ ȋȖȘȕȖȗȘȖȝȖȌȟȍșȒȐȍ ȒȖȔȉȈȑȕȣ
— ǻ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍȚ ȊȏȘȣȊȟȈȚȒȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǺȐȚȖȊ
— ǻȊȣ — ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
— ǪȈȠȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ — ȗȘȖȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ —
ǹȊȖȌȈȔ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈȌȖȍșȚȤ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ ȋȖȘȣ Ȑ ȖȕȈ Ȗșȧ-
ȌȍȚ ȓȍȋȒȈȧ ȌȘȖȎȤ — Ȑ ȒȈȔȍȘȣ ȕȍȚ ǪȈș ȚȖȎȍ Ǫȣ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍ-
Țȍ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȖȊ ȗȍȡȍȘ"
— ȅȚȖ ȗȖȝțȎȍ ȟȍȔ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈș ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ
ȏȔȍȑ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ Ȋșȓțȝ
— DzȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȔȍȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈș ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȚȤ
— ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ǺȐȚȖȊ
— ǯȔȍȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȠȍșȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ — ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ — ǺȖȚ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋȣ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓȐ — ȗȖȧșȕȐȓ Ȗȕ Ƕ ȏȔȍȧȝ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȔȖȋ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ
ǺȐȚȖȊ ȕȍ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȚȘȈȚȧȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȈ șȖ-
ȎȈȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ șȓțȟȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ǷȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȦ ȍȋȖ
ȓȐȞȈ ȧ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȌțȔȈȓ Ǫșȍ Ȕȣ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȐ-
ȒȐ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȣ ȕȈ ȈȒșȐȖȔȍ ȕȍȚ ȉȍȏȊȣȝȖȌȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȑ
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȕȈȌȍȎȐȊȈȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȈȒșȐȖȔȣ ȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ
— ǯȈȒȘȣȚ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȊȝȖȌ — șȜȖȘȔțȓȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȧ ȏȈȌȈȟț Ȋ șȈ-
ȔȖȔ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȊȐȌȍ — ȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȍșȚȤ ȏȈȗȈșȕȣȑ"
— ǺȍȟȍȕȐȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǺȐȚȖȊ
— DzțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȊȍȓȖ — șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ — Ǫȍ-
ȚȍȘ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ — ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȍșȚȤ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȣȝȖȌ ǺȍȟȍȕȐȍ — ȚȖ Ȏȍ
șȈȔȖȍ
Ǫ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ șȊȧȏȒȍ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȑ ©ǹȒȈȚª șȚȈȓ ȏȈȌȕȐȔ Ȕȣ
ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ǹȐȌȍȕȤȧ ȒȘȍșȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȣ Ȋ ©ǹȒȈȚȈȝª
ȗȍȘȍȔȍȡȈȓȐșȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ șȜȍȘȖȑ Ȑ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ
ȓȦȉȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ǵȣ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ©ǹȒȈ-
ȚȖȊª
ǹȕȖȊȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ©țȏȖșȚȐª ǹȕȖȊȈ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȧ ȇ ȕȍ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȈȝ ǵȖ
șȗȍȓȍȖȓȖȋ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ Ȋșȍ țȏȕȈȊȈȓ ǬțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ
Ȗȕ Ȕȣ ș ǺȐȚȖȊȣȔ ȏȈșȚȘȧȓȐ ȉȣ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ ǺȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȝȖȌ


426
ȘȈșȠȐȘȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȈȝ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ țȏȒȐȍ ȡȍȓȐ
țȋȓțȉȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȏȈ ȝȖȌȣ ȗȖȗȈȌȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȚțȗȐȒȐ ǺȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǪȖȚ Ȕȣ ȗȖȗȈȓȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ ȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ ©ǹȒȈȚ-1».
Ǵȣ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒț
ǺȐȚȖȊ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ șȊȍȚȖȐșȒȈȚȍȓȤ — ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȓțȟ ȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȘȊȈ-
ȕȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȗȖ ȒȖȕȚțȘț ȊȣȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȧ ȏțȉȞȣ Ȑ ȊȣșȚțȗȣ ǵȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȏțȉȞȖȊ ǺȐȚȖȊ șȗȐȓȐȓ țȓȤȚȘȈȏȊțȒȖȊȖȑ ȗȐȓȖȑ ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȓ ©ȌȊȖȑȒțª Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ǷȍȘȊțȦ ȒȈȉȐȕț
ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȞȈȘȈȗȕțȓȖ ǺȐȚȖȊ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȑ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒ Ȑ
ȊȣȚȧȕțȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ©ȋȖȘȓȣȠȒȖª ȔȖȑ ©ǹȒȈȚª
Ǵȣ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ
ȏȍȔȓȐ ȀȐȘȖȒȈȧ Ȉ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ ȖȕȈ ȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ
ȕȈ șȚȖ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ǵȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȈșȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȚȘȈȚȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ ȍȍ ȖȉșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ țȉȍȌȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ ȕȍȚ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȊȝȖȌȐȓȖ șȦȌȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǺȐȚȖȊ
— Ǭȓȧ ȊȖȌȣ ȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȊȣȝȖȌ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ — ǵȍȚ
ȊȣȝȖȌȈ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș
— ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȔ Ȋșȍ ȌȣȘȣ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȖȌȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȈ
— ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȧ — ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȘȈș-
ȠȐȘȐȚȤ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȈȔ ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȌȣȘȖȟ-
ȒȐ Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȔ șȐȚȍ ǵȖ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ ȕȍ ȏȘȧ ȐȔȍȓ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȤ șȗȍȓȍȖȓȖȋȈ Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ Ȗȕ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȗȖȌ șȈȔȣȔ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȓȒȖȔ țȏȒțȦ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈȓȤȕțȦ ȡȍȓȤ Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȔȍȘȐȓȐ ȍȍ țȓȤȚ-
ȘȈȏȊțȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȓȖȒȈȚȖȘȈȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȠȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șțȎȈȧșȤ ȔȍȚ-
ȘȖȊ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ Ƕ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ ȚȘȍȡȐ-
ȕț Ȋ ȚȖȓȡȍ ȗȖȘȖȌ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȘȍȟȐ ǷȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȚȤ Ȋ
ȕȍȍ ȕȍ șțȔȍȓ ȉȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȓȍȋȒȖȔ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȕȖȔ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ.
ǹȓȖȊȖȔ Ȕȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȒțȗȖȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȖȟȕȖ Ȑ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ — ș ȖȉȖȐȝ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȌȈ
— ǹȈȔȖȍ șȒȊȍȘȕȖȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǺȐȚȖȊ — ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈș ȕȍ ȕȈȑ-
ȌțȚ ȊȍȌȤ ȊȝȖȌ ȏȈȊȈȓȍȕ
— ǬȈ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ — șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ —
ǵȍȚ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȈ — șȒȈȓȣ Ȋ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȏȕțȚȖȑ ȗȈșȚȐ
ǻȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȗȈșȚȐ ȏȔȍȧ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȖ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ
ȊȐȝȘȤ ȒȈȘȚȐȕ


427
— Ǩ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȏȔȍȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǷȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ
ȥȚț ȌȣȘț
Ǵȣ șȐȌȍȓȐ șȍȑȟȈș ȓȐȞȖȔ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ǺȐȚȖȊ Ȑ DzȈȓȈȉț-
ȠȍȊ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȐ șȊȖȦ ȒȈȉȐȕț ǷȖȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ
șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ
DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟțȚȤ ȐșȗȣȚțȦȡȍ Ƕȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ
țȧșȕȐȚȤ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȓȐ ȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȈȏȣȋȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ
ȕȍȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȍȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ" ǰȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓșȧ
țȗȘȍȒ ȍȔț ȊȍȌȤ Ȕȣ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȔ șȟȍȚȍ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ
ȍȋȖ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȏȔȍȧ
ǺȐȚȖȊ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȔȖȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ƕȕ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȘȍȠȐȓ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȝȖȟț ȗȘȐȖȉȖȌȘȐȚȤ Ȑȝ DzȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏȘȧȌȒȈ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȘȊȖȊ
ȖȚȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣ Ƕȕ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓșȧ Ȋ ©ȐȋȘțª
— ǰ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȑ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ" — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȐȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȒȘȍ-
șȓȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȈȊȓȐȊȈȧșȤ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȏȈȕȧȚȕȣȍ ȉȈȑȒȐ
— ǬȈ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ șȚȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ
ȖȉȡȍȔ-ȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖ ȋȓțȗȖ Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȧȚ ǰ ȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚ" Ǻȍ
ȒȚȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȓ ȏȔȍȧ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȏȔȍȑ — țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ ǺȐȚȖȊ — ǪȖȚ ȖȌȕȈȎ-
Ȍȣ
— ǬȖȓȎȍȕ ȊȈș ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ — ȊȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ȊȌȘțȋ DzȈȓȈȉț-
ȠȍȊ — ǿȚȖ ȉȣ Ȋȣ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȐ ȗȘȐȌțȔȣȊȈȓȐ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ
țȌȈșȚșȧ ȗȘȍȊȏȖȑȚȐ ©ȖȟȍȊȐȌȞȍȊª ȟȤȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȖșȖ-
ȉȣȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȠȒȈȜ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȐ ǹȖȉȐȘȈȧ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈ-
ȓȣ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ Ȑ șȖȘȚȐȘțȧ Ȑȝ ȧ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓ șȈȔȣȍ ȕȍșȖ-
ȓȐȌȕȣȍ ©șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈª șȈȔȣȍ ȉȍșȠȈȉȈȠȕȣȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȤȧȕȣȔȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈȔȐ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȘȈȏȌȍȓ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȐ-
ȔȍȕȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ©ǿȐșȚȣȑ ȉȘȍȌª
Ǵȍȕȧ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓȈ ȌȖșȈȌȈ ©Ǻȣ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ Ȗ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȍ ș ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȔȍȍȔ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — Țȣ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ Țȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ
șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȐșȒȐ — Ȑ ȉȍȏȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȕȖ ǰ Țȣ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ-
șȔȍȐȊȈȍȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȍȋȖ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓª ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȋ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ" Ǵȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȈȚȤ ș ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȖȔ Ȗ ȏȔȍȍ ȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ǵȖ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȓȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ"


428
ȇ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ țȏȒȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ Ƕȕ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖ-
ȟȍȕȕȖ ȌțȔȈȓ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ șȍȒȘȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȈ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ Ȓ ȖȗȈșȕȣȔ șȐȚțȈȞȐȧȔ ǰ Ȋșȍ ǹȗȍȓȍȖȓȖȋȐ ȚȖȎȍ
ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȚșȧ ȕȍ ȌȍȚșȒȐȔȐ ȐȋȘțȠȒȈȔȐ. ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȗȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ
Ȋ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȓ
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
— ǭșȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȗȖșȖȉ șȊȧȏȈȚȤșȧ ș ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤȦ"
— șȗȘȖșȐȓ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ — ǰȓȐ ș ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȣȔȐ șțȌȈȔȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȏȍ ȘȣȡțȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖ ȒȈȕȤȖȕț"
— ǻȓȤȚȘȈȏȊțȒ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȉȤȍȚ șȒȈȓț— șȒȈȏȈȓ ǺȐȚȖȊ
— ǸȈȌȐȖȊȖȓȕȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȑȌțȚ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȋȖȘț — ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȧ — ǺȈȔ
ȗȓȈșȚȣ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘțȌ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ț ȕȈș ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȓțȟ Ǵȣ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȔ șȊȧȏȤ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈȝ
ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ǵȈȡțȗȈȚȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȊșȓȍȗțȦ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏ-
ȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ
— Ǵȣ șȗȍȓȍȖȓȖȋȐ ȗȖȓȤȏțȍȔșȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȖȑ șȊȧȏȤȦ —
șȒȈȏȈȓ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ — ǷȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȌȍȎȕȍȍ
— ©ǹȒȈȚª ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ șȗȍȓȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ — ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȐȓ ȧ
— ǵȖ Ȋȣ Ȏȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚȈ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ
DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ — ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȉțȑ Ȑ șȔȈ-
ȚȣȊȈȚȤ ș ȒȈȚțȠȒȐ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ — ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȈȘȕȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȖ
ȇ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȖȕȕȍȓȍ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȕȍȟȈȧȕȕȖ
ǹȍȑȟȈș ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȕțȎȍȕ ȗȘȖȊȖȌ — ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȓ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ DzȈȓȈ-
ȉțȠȍȊ — DzȈȉȍȓȤȕȈȧ șȊȧȏȤ ǷȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȌȖ ȒȈȕȤȖȕȈ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— ǪȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȕțȎȕȖ ȐșȒȈȚȤ — ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏ
ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț — ǰ ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ — ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȕȈȔ
ȓțȟȠȍ ȘȈșȞȍȗȐȚȤșȧ
— ǫȌȍ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ" — ȖȚȖȘȖȗȍȓȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
ȧ
— ǬȈ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ȍȔț ȍȡȍ ȉȣȚȤ
ǺȐȚȖȊ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ
— Ǫȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȌȍșȤ"
— ǵȍ ȒȚȖ Ȉ ȟȚȖ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
țȌȐȊȓȧȚȤ


429
— ǺȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ — ǰ țȊȐȌȍȊ
ȕȈȠȐ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȐ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍ-
ȓȐȊȖ — DzțȌȈ Ȏȍ ȗȖ-ȊȈȠȍȔț ȌȍȊȈȓȈșȤ ȚȍȓȍȊȐȏȐȖȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȔȍ-
ȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ ©ȗȈșȚȤ ȏȔȍȧª" ǷȈșȚȤ ȗȖȋȓȖ-
ȚȐȓȈ ȍȍ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȊȚȧȕțȓȖ ȍȍ Ȋ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌ ȋȌȍ
ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔșȧ Ȕȣ DzȈȔȍȘȈ Ȋ ȧȑȞȍȊȐȌȕȖȔ ȒȖȘȗțșȍ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Țȍ-
ȟȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȒȈȚȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚșȧ șȓȐ-
ȠȒȖȔ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȗȖȘȖȋ ȐȓȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ țȏȒȈȧ ȡȍȓȤ ǰ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȍ — Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȕțȎȕȖ ȐșȒȈȚȤ
ǵȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ Ȉ șȗȍȓȍȖȓȖȋȐ — ȚȖȓȒȖȊȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ
Ǵȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȒȈȔȍȘț ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȇ ȕȈȡțȗȈȓ ȍȍ ȓȖȒȈȚȖȘȖȔ
ǴȍȚȈȓȓ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȐșȒȖȔ Ȋ ȕȈțȠȕȐȒȈȝ ȍȌ-
ȊȈ ȧ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȔ ȓțȟȖȔ
ǶȚ ȒȈȔȍȘȣ Țȧȕțȓșȧ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȚȘȖș ǵȖ șȈȔȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȊȈȎ-
ȕȖȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȗȕ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓșȧ" ǷȖ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȍȑ
— șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ ȖȚȘȍȏȒȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȔ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ
ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȚȍȖȘȐȦ
ȇ ȗȘȐșȖșȈȓ ȒȈȔȍȘț ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȖȔ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȐ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȋ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȏȈȘȧȌȣ ȅȚȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȐ ȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȗȖȌ-
șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓ Ȓ ȈȕȚȍȕȕȍ ©ǹȒȈȚȈª ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȘțȒȐ ȕȖ ȧ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȓșȧ ȕȍ șȗȍȠȐȚȤ ǪȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ șȚȘȍȓȒȐ ȖȚȘȍȋțȓȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȓ ȍȔȒȖșȚȤ ǰ ȊȖȚ Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȈȦȡȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ
ǭȌȊȈ ȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ©ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ “ǹȒȈȚ-1” Ȑ “ǹȒȈȚ-2” ǷȍȘȍȝȖ-
Ȏț ȕȈ ȗȘȐȍȔª — ȒȈȒ ȋțȓ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ țșȐȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȖȘȚȖȊȖȑ ȈȗȗȈ-
ȘȈȚțȘȖȑ ȊȖȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ Ȗȉȍ ȒȈȉȐȕȣ ©ǫȌȍ Ȋȣ" ǹȓȣȠȐȔ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠȖ ǿȚȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ" ǶȚȊȍȟȈȑȚȍ ǹȖȖȉȡȐȚȍ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒț ǹȓțȠȈȍȔ
ȊȈșª
ǵȈ ȗȘȈȊȈȝ șȚȈȘȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȋȘțȗȗȍ ȧ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȖȉȘȐșȖȊȈȓ ȕȈȠȍ
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǷȖșȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȚȖȟȕȍȍ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȔȍșȚȖ
ȋȌȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȊȝȖȌ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ǻȎ ȚțȚ ȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ
ȕȈ ȟȚȖ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ ȉȣȊȈȓȣȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȐȒ ȇ ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȐȓ
șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ ȟȚȖ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ȘȖȚ
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋȣ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș Ȗȕ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ
ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ǪȐȌȐȔȖ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȔȍȦ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ©ǹȒȈȚȖȔª ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȐ ©ȠțȚ-


430
ȒȐª ȕȈșȟȍȚ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȗȖȌȖȘȊȈȓȐ ȈȊȚȖȘȐȚȍȚ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
ǪȖȚ ȚțȚ-ȚȖ ȧ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǶȗȐ-
șȈȊ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȍȚȈȓȧȝ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕțȦ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒț ȧ șȟȍȓ ȕțȎȕȣȔ
ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ șȗȈșȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ ȇ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȓ — șț-
ȝȖ ȒȘȈȚȒȖ ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȖ — Ȗ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȔ ȊȐȌȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍ-
ȘȈȝ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȧ șȒȖșȐȓ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȈ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ
dzȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȍ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ ǺȐȚȖȊ Ȏȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ
ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ Ƕȕ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȓ Ȋ
ȋȓțȉȐȕȈȝ ǰȕȌȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȕȍ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ǯȔȍȧ-ǫȖȘȣȕȣȟȈ Ȑȏ ȌȍȚșȒȐȝ șȒȈȏȖȒ ǺȐȚȖȊȈ ȧ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȕȖ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓȖ
Ȕȕȍ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ
ǵȈ ȉȖȘȚț ©ǰșȒȈȚȍȓȧª ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ
ȗȈțȏȈ
— dzȈȌȕȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǨȋȈȗȖȊ — ǬȍȘȎȐ-
ȚȍșȤ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȊȈș ȊȣȏȊȖȓȐȔ
Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍȓȖȊȣȝ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ ȕȖ Ȗ ȏȔȍȍ
ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ țȗȖȔȧȕțȓ
©ǺȈȒ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ șȈȔ șȍȉȍ — ȚȈȔ Țȍȉȍ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȧȚª
ǵȈ ȔȐȋ ȧ ȖȡțȚȐȓ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȌȐȕ
ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȘș-
ȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ Ȉ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȓțȠȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȓȐ ȗȓȍ-
ȟȈȔȐ ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȉȣȚȤ țȗȘȧȔȞȍȔ ǻȗȘȧȔșȚȊȖ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍ-
ȊȈ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȍ
©ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — ȘȍȠȐȓ ȧ — ǺȍȔ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȥȜȜȍȒȚ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȒȈȎț șȕȐȔȒȐ ȏȈȜȐȒșȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȔȈȋȕȐȚȕȖȑ ȏȈȗȐșȐ.
Ǫ ȔȖȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖª
ȇ ȊȌȘțȋ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚțȘȈ ȏȈȗȐșȐ
ȕȍ șȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ Ȑ ȧ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕțșȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ ǺȐȚȖ-
ȊȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȔ ȓȋțȕȖȔ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ǶȉțȘȍȊȈȍȔȣȑ
ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ ȧ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȣȑ
ȥȒȘȈȕ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȒȐ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȈ ȏȈȗȐșȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȊ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ Ȓ
ȓȐȞț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȑ șȊȍȚ ȗȘȖȒȘțȚȐȓ ȒȈȚț-
ȠȒț ǵȈ ȥȒȘȈȕȍ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ Ȋ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȍ ȒȈȕȤȖȕ Ȉ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȗȖȓȏȓȖ șȊȍȘȝț ȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȡȍȍ-
șȧ ȚȍȓȖ ǭȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȌȘȖȊ — Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ
ȏȔȍȑ ș țȚȖȓȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ ȏȈȗȓȧșȈȓ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ


431
ȒȈȕȤȖȕȈ ȇ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ
ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȐȊ ȒȈȚțȠ-
Ȓț ȇ ȗȖȊȍșȍȓȍȓ Ǩ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȊȍșȍȓȍȓ Ȑ ǺȐȚȖȊ
— Ǩ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖ Țȣ Ȑȝ — ȗȖȌȔȐȋȕțȓ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ — ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖ ȘȖ-
ȏȣȋȘȣȠ ȇ ȉȣ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȖșȔȍȓ
ǭȔț șȕȖȊȈ Ȋșȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȧșȕȖ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ
Ǵȣ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȏȊțȒȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȉțȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȊȖȌȍ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ șȍȘȐȐ șȓȈȉȣȝ
ȊȏȘȣȊȖȊ ǰ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș Ȋ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȒȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș:
— ǵț ȊȣȓȍȏȈȑȚȍ Ȑȏ ȕȖȘȣ
ǹȞȍȗȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ©ȌȊȖȑȒțª Ȕȣ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț
ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȧ ȕȍ țȚȍȘȗȍȓ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȍț-
ȔȈȍȚ Ȗ ȏȔȍȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ƕȕ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ țȒȓȖȕȟȐȊȖ Ȑ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȐ Ȋ
ȗȍȡȍȘȈȝ ț ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȖȟțȚȐȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ
ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȦȚ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ Ȉ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ Ȋ
ȔȖȏȋț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȖȚ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȇ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȔȍȧ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȟț-


432
ȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ Ƕȕ Ȋ Țȍȝ Ȏȍ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȣȝ ȊȣȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȧȝ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȐȏȓȈȏȐȊȠȍȋȖ șȈȔȣȍ ȌȐȒȐȍ
ȡȍȓȐ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȣ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ
șȗțȚȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȝȘȖȕȖȓȖȋȐȧ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ
©ǵț ȓȈȌȕȖ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — ǶșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȎȌȈȚȤª
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȔȍȘȈȔȐ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȌȚȧȕț-
ȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț ȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȍ ȘȊȈȕȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ
ǷȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȧ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȍȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȑ ©ǹȒȈȚª
ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȈȝ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ǵȍȚ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ
ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ǶȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȚȖȕȕ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȕȈȌ
ȚȖȉȖȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȚȤ Ȑ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȧȔȐ
ǹ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȓȧȓ ȧ ȔȣȠȞȣ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȕȖȋ ȚȖȟȕȖ
ȋȖȘȈ ȌȈȊȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȔ ȊȕțȚȘȐ șȊȖȐȔ ȊȍșȖȔ Ǵȣ ȘȈșȞȍȗȐ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȑ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȘȧȌȣȠȒȖȔ ȌȘțȋ
ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ ǴȍȚȘȈȝ Ȋ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȣȑ ©DzȘȈȉª Ȗș-
ȊȖȉȖȌȐȊȠȐȑ ȕȈș Ȑȏ ȗȓȍȕȈ ȗȖȌșȊȍȟȐȊȈȓ ȕȈș ȓțȟȈȔȐ șȊȖȐȝ
ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȖȊ ȇ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȐȓȓȦ-
ȔȐȕȈȞȐȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ǹ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ Ȗȋ-
ȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȧ ȚȍșȕȐȕț ȒȈȕȤȖȕȈ Ȑ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡțȦ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ
ǶȋȓȧȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȧ ȊȌȘțȋ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȇ ȚȘȐȎȌȣ țȡȐȗ-
ȕțȓ șȍȉȧ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ șȕȖȊȈ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ
ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȧșȤ ȗȓȣȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ,
ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒ șȊȍȚ" ǶȚȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȔȐ ȉȖȒȈȔȐ Ȗȕ
ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȉȣȓ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȣ
— ǯȔȍȑ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ — ǯȔȍȑ
Ǵȍȕȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ©ǹȒȈȚȍ-ª Ȑ ȕȈ ©DzȘȈȉȍª Ǫșȍ ȗȘȖȎȍȒ-
ȚȖȘȣ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȒțȌȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȔȖȧ ȘțȒȈ
ǹȊȍȚȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȔȍȑ șȘȈȏț țȚȖȕțȓ Ȋ șȐȧȦ-
ȡȍȔ ȚțȔȈȕȍ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȍȡȍ ȓțȟȠȍ
ȟȍȔ ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȈȏȈȌ
— ǩȘȖșȤȚȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ ǨȋȈ-
ȗȖȊ — ȅȚȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȖ
ǺȐȚȖȊ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȒȈȒ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȕȈ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȈ ©ǹ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȕȍȘȊȈȔȐ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȓȍȏȚȤ Ȋ
ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȧª — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌ
ǷȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȏȔȍȧ ȒȘȖ-
Ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ Ȏȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ǪȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȍȚȈȓȧȝ Ƕȕ
ȗȓȈȊȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓ ȊȌȖȓȤ șȒȓȖȕȈ ȋȖȘȣ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕ-


434
ȕȖ ȎȐȊȖ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ ȇ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȒȈȔȍȘț ǵȈȌȖ Ȍț-
ȔȈȚȤ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ șȢȍȔȖȟȕȈȧ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚțȘȈ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȍȚ ȋȈȓȓȦ-
ȞȐȕȈȞȐȧȔȐ
ǷȖȒȈ ȧ ȊȖȏȐȓșȧ șȖ șȢȍȔȒȖȑ ©ǹȒȈȚ-ª ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ ȒȖ
Ȕȕȍ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȉțȒșȐȘ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ — ȌȈ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ —
ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ©ǹȒȈȚț-ª Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȓ —
ȌȐșȞȐȗȓȐȕȈ ț ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȐ — ©ǹȒȈȚ-ª ȗȖȚȈ-
ȡȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ
ǵȈ ȉȖȘȚț ©ǰșȒȈȚȍȓȧª Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȚȤșȧ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȐȓȐ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ ȔȖȓȖȒȖȔ Ȑ țȓȖȎȐȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ǨȋȈȗȖȊ ȔȐȕțȚ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȓ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏ Ȗ ȏȔȍȍ ǹȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȔȈȋȕȐȚȕțȦ ȏȈȗȐșȤ
— ǶȚȌȖȝȕȐȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǿȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș ț ȕȈș ȉțȌȍȚ șȖȊȍ-
ȡȈȕȐȍ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȐȚȖȋȈȔ Ǫȣ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ țȟȈș-
ȚȐȍ"— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǵȐȒȈȒȐȔ ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȓȐȠȍȕȐȧȔ ȧ
ȕȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȓșȧ ǿȈș ȗȖȒȖȧ — ȟȐșȚȖ ȜȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȇ ȔȖȋț ȐȌ-
ȚȐ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȈ ȓȦȉțȦ ȋȓțȉȐȕț
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
ȇ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȐȝ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚ-
ȊȐȧȝ ǷȖȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ ȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȖȚȌȣȝ ȊșȍȔț ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔț Ȋ
ȟȈș ȗȖȒȖȧ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȗțșȚȧȒȈȝ ǵȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ
ȧ ȏȈșȕțȓ
5
DzȖȋȌȈ șȗțșȚȧ ȟȈș ȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚ-ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȦ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȐ
țȎȍ Ȋ șȉȖȘȍ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ șȚȖȓȗȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ
ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȍȍ ȕȈ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȈȘȍȓȒȍ.
ǨȋȈȗȖȊ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȓțȗț
— ǨȋȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȊ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ" — ȗȖȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȧ.
— ǪȈȠ ȏȔȍȑ— șȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȋȈȗȖȊ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ Ȓ șȚȖȓț


436
ȗȖȌ ȗȘȐșȧȋȖȑ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȚȈȓȐ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȖȗȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȔȈȕȈ
ȇ șȚȖȧȓ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȋȓțȠȍȕȕȣȑ ǺȐȗȐȟȕȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ǶȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȗȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȉȔȈȕ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȋȈȗȖȊ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȈȧ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ — Ȋȣ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ǯȈȌȈȕȐȍ — ȘȈȏȣ-
șȒȈȚȤ ©ǹȒȈȚ-1»,— ȔȖȎȕȖ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȖ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȒȈ
șȌȍȓȈȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȗȖșȖȉșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ
ȖȉȊȈȓț ț ȊȝȖȌȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȍș-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȟȐȊȖșȚȤ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊȈ
— ǽȊȈȚȐȚ — ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǨȋȈȗȖȊ — ǺȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ șȓțȠȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ șȖȒȘțȠȈȓșȧ ȊȈȠ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȈ ǺȐȚȖȊ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȣȔ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ©ǹȒȈȚ-ª ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ
ȓȖȊțȠȒț ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋȣ ȗȘȖȈȕȈȓȐȏȐȘțȍȚȍ ȊȈȠȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ,
ȕȈȌȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȑȌȍȚȍ ȖȉȖȋȈȡȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ — ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȟȚȖ Ȑ
Ȕȣ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ Ǵȣ ȖȉȓȈȏȐ-
ȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȕȖȘȣ ȗȘȖșȓțȠȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȊșȦ ȋȖȘț Ȑ ȘȈșȗȐȓȐȓȐ ȉȣ
ȍȍ ȝȖȚȤ ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȤ ȊȈș ȏȈ Țȍ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȈȕȣ ȈȊȈȘȐȑȕȣȍ ȏȈȗȈșȣ ȒȐșȓȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
șȚȊȐȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ©ǹȒȈȚȖȊª ǺȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ Ȋ Țȍ-
ȓȍ ȋȖȘȣ Ȕȣ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘț ȖȉȘȣȊȈ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȊȈȔȐ
— ǰșȚȖȘȐȧ — ȗȖȒȘțȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǺȐȚȖȊ — Ǩ ȟȚȖ — Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȓ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊț — Ȋȣ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȊȍȘȐȚȍ Ȋ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ"
— Ǩ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ" — șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ
țȏȒȖȓȐȞȣȑ șȗȍȓȍȖȓȖȋ — ǷȘȐȉȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȖ ȓȖȎȕȖȍ șȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȓ șȖȚȕȧȔ șȚȈȘȣȝ ǵȍȚ ȕȈțȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ
ȕȖ ȕȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈțȟȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȘȖȊȍȘȎȍȕȐȧ
— ǵț Ȋȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȗȘȧȔȍȞ
— ǿȚȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚȍșȤ ȗȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ" — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ
ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ǨȋȈȗȖȊ — Ǵȣ ȚțȚ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȔșȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȖȌȕȖ
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — Ȕȕȍ ȉȣ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȘȈ Ȋ ȖȚȗțșȒ ȇ
Ȋșȍ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓ ȕȖ ȊȖȚ
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǨȋȈȗȖȊ — ǩȓȍșȚȧȡȈȧ ȐȌȍȧ
DzțȌȈ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ"


437
— Ǫȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ dzțȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ" — șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ ȧ ǨȋȈȗȖȊȈ — Ǫȣ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ"
— ǬȈ ȕȖ ȚȈȔ ȗȓȖȝȈȧ șȊȧȏȤ ș ǯȍȔȓȍȑ ǷȖȘȖȑ ȗȖ ȞȍȓȣȔ ȕȍ-
ȌȍȓȧȔ
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — Ǵȍȕȧ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȍȚ ǹȍȑ-
ȟȈș șȖȉȍȘț șȊȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȕȣȑ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȟȐȒ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȖȌȒȐȕȍ-
Țȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȔț ȒȖșȔȖȌȘȖȔț
ȇ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȧ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȈ ȉțȌȍȚ șȔȍȧȚȤ-
șȧ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȏȓȖȘȈȌșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȗȖȌ-
ȚȘțȕȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȌ ȉȣȊȈȓȣȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ-ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȖȔ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔț Ȋ șȐȓț ȟȐșȚȖ ȖȗȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȔȈȕȈ ȗȖȔȍȘȍȡȐȓșȧ ȔȖȘș-
ȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȗȘȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȍȒȍ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ
ȦȔȖȘȈ ț ȓȦȌȍȑ ȍșȚȤ ȇ țȎ ȓțȟȠȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȌț ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȖȉȘȈȚ-
ȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ dzțȕȣ Ȉ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ
ȉțȌțȚ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȚȍȔȣ
***
ǻȎȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧșȤ ȕȈ dzțȕȍ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ DzȈȓȈȉțȠȍȊ ȕȈȠȍȓ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ǬȊȈ Ȍȕȧ șȗțșȚȧ ȖȕȐ ș ǺȐȚȖȊȣȔ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȐȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȑ șȗțșȒ Ȋ ȒȈȕȤȖȕ Ȑ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȍ-
ȡȍȘȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȐ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȊȣȊȖȌȖȒ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕȕȣȝ Șȍȗ-
ȚȐȓȐȍȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ ǰȔ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȓȐ — ș șȖȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍȔ
Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȍȑ — ȏȈȝȖȌ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘț Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȚȓȖȊ
ȗȈȘȖȟȒȐ ȏȔȍȍȊ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȍȚȍȑ ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ
ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȋȘȈȌȐȓȐ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȈȔȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȝȖ-
Ȍȣ Ȑȏ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ Ȑ ȕȈȗȐȝȈȓȐ ȚțȌȈ ȚȍȓȍȒȈȔȍȘȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈȉȓȦ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ Ȋ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ǯȔȍȐ ȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ țȎ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȔȍȘȍȡȐȓșȧ
Ȕȕȍ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȓȐ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕț — ȌȖ-
șȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈȊȖȌȐȚȤ țȎȈș ȕȈ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
țȚȓȖȋȖ ȗȈȘțșȕȐȒȈ ǷȓȈȊȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȧșȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȐȧȊȒȐ ǵȈ
șȗȐȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓșȧ ȏțȉȟȈȚȣȑ ȊȣȘȖșȚ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȐȧ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȖȊ
ȊȣȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ — ȕȍ ȚȖ ȕȍȌȖȘȈȏȊȐȚȈȧ ȜȖȘȔȈ ȕȍ


DZșȓȏ DZȜșȡȏȓȐ
Ƕȕ ȝȜȐȓȟȠȖ
©DZǼǿȀȊ Ƕǵ ǺǼǾȍª
(1967)


440
ǫȖșȚȤ Ȑȏ ȔȖȘȧ
<…>
ǶȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȓȖȊȓȦ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȝ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ǭȓȍȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ Ȑ ǴȈȒȈȘȖȊ
ǷȖȋȘțȎȍȕȐȍ ȠȓȖ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȖȔ ǶȗȧȚȤ ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖ ȏȈȚțȝȈȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȓțȟȐ șȗȍȒȚȘȈ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐ-
ȕȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȍȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȚȤȔȈ șȋțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈȎȋȓȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȎȍȒȚȖȘȣ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔȐ ȔȍȟȈȔȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȘȈșșȍȒȈȚȤ ȍȍ
ǪȖȚ ȏȈȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ șȔțȚȕȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȓțȉȧȡȐȔȐșȧ Țȍȕȧ-
ȔȐ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȏȖȕȣ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȗȖȋȈ-
șȐȓ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȣ Ȑ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȏȊțȒȖȊȐȏȖȘ dzȐȟȐȕȒȐ șȘȈȏț ȖșȔȍ-
ȓȍȓȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȊȈȚȤ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȔȍȏȖșȒȈȜț ǰȝ ȏȔȍȧȡȐȍșȧ
ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȐ ȊȍșȤ ȥȒȘȈȕ
ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖ ȥȒȘȈȕț ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȏȣȉȒȐȍ ȘȈȏȘȧȌȣ
— ǪȐȌȐȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ — ǷȍȘȍȒȓȐȒȈȦȚșȧ
ǷȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȍ ș ©ǩȖȋȈȚȣȘȧª ȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȟȕțȦ ȋȓț-
ȉȐȕȕțȦ șȍȚȤ dzȐȟȐȕȒȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȔȐ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȐ ȍȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȑ ȏȈȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȐȟ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȈȊ ȏȈȔȈȕȐȚȤ
Ȋ șȍȚȐ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȘȍȠȍȚȟȈȚȖȍ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȍȕȐȍ ȚȖȕ-
ȒȐȝ ȒȈȗȘȖȕȖȊȣȝ ȕȐȚȍȑ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȥȒȘȈȕȍ
ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ țșȍȓșȧ ȏȈ ȗțȓȤȚ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȔȈȕȍȊ-
ȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȚȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȍȚȤ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȔȍȏȖșȒȈȜȖȔ Ȑ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȈȔȐ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ șȊȖȐȔ
ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ șȉȐȚȤ ȏȈȋȓțȠȐȚȤ ȐȔȗțȓȤșȣ ȗȖșȣȓȈȍȔȣȍ
ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȐȘȖȊ-
Ȓț Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ șȍȚȐ
ǬȈȊȈȧ ȗȖ ȋȐȌȘȖȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȐȒ
©ǩȖȋȈȚȣȘȧª ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȐȟ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȓ ȚȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȖȚȖȘ ȚȖ
ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȚȖ șȘȈȏț ȖȉȈ Ǫ ȒȈȉȐȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȍțȦȚȕȖ ǭȍ
ȚȘȧșȓȖ Ȑ ȌȍȘȋȈȓȖ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȋȘțȏȖȊȐȒ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȏȈȍȝȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȖȚȖ Ǵȣ ȞȍȗȓȧȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȗȈȓȖ Ȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈ-
ȒȐ ȗȖȘȖȑ ȖȡțȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȚțȒȈȓȐșȤ Ȗ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȔȖȒȘȣȍ șȚȍȕȒȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȚȖȓȟȒȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ǴȍȏȖșȒȈȜ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȊȐș Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ


441
ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ șȘȈȏț Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȣ Ȑ țșȚȈȓȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǫȖȚȖȊȖ
ȇ ȗȘȐȕȐȒ Ȓ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘț Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȍȚȘȈȝ Ȋ
ȠȍșȚȐ ȖȚ ȔȍȏȖșȒȈȜȈ ȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȍȚȐ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȕȣȍ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȐ ȕȐȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ șȊȍȚȈ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȘȖ-
ȎȍȒȚȖȘȖȊ ǶȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȋȐȉȒȐȍ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ
ȚȍȓȈ țȋȘȍȑ
ǷȖȌȚȧȕțȊ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȉȓȐȎȍ ȔȐȒȘȖȜȖȕ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȒȈȠȓȧȕțȓ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖȊȣșȐȊ ȋȖȓȖș
— ǵȈ ©ǩȖȋȈȚȣȘȍª« ǪȐȘȈ ȗȖȔȈȓț ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȑȚȍ
— ǷȖȌȖȎȌȐȚȍ — ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȧ ȍȋȖ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț"
— ǺȈȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȐȌȕȍȍȚșȧ«
— ǫȌȍ"
— ǵȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ șȊȍȚȈ ȓȍȊȍȍ șȍȚȐ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ" ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ
ȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ
— ǫȌȍ"
ǰȓȐ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȍ țȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȊȖ ȚȤȔț ȗȘȖȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȓȐȠȤ
ȗȖȔȍȘȍȡȐȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ șȐȕȍȊȍ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ șȊȍȚȈ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȘȖ-
ȎȍȒȚȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ ȚȤȔȣ"
ǵȍȚ
— ǺȈȔ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȧȟȍȚșȧ — ȚȐȝȖ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖ-
ȚȈȓ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ — ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ǭȓȍȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ"
— DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȊȐȎț — ȖȚȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȐȓȓȦ-
ȔȐȕȈȚȖȘȈ
— ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȓȐ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ ȗȖȉȓȐȎȍ" — ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ǴȈȒȈȘȖȊ
— ǶȕȖ țȑȌȍȚ ǶȕȖ ȧȊȕȖ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȍȚ șȊȍȚȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȖ-
ȠȐȕ ȠȈȘȧ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȗțȓȤȚț Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȕțȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȦȟȈ-
Țȍȓȧ
ȅȚȖ șȓȖȊȍȟȒȖ ©ȖȕȖª ȏȊțȟȈȓȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȓȖ-
Ȋȍȡȍ ©ǺȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ȗ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȧȝ Ȋ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȝ ȘȖȔȈȕȈȝª
— ȗȘȖȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ
ǹȊȍȚ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȖȊ ȗȖȋȈș Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍ-
ȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȈȍȚșȧ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȖȍ șȐȧȕȐȍ ȥȒȘȈȕȈ«
ǩȣȓȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ǷȖȝȖȎȍ
ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȚȖȓșȚȈȧ ȚȘțȉȈ ȏȈȕȧȓȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȍșȤ ȥȒȘȈȕ
ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ«
ǶȕȈ ȎȐȊȈȧ


442
— Ǫȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ ȕȖ Ȕȣ ȚȈȒȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ș ȓȍȋȍȕ-
ȌȈȘȕȣȔ ©ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȔȍȍȔª — ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǪȖȓȖ-
ȠȐȕ ȕȍ șȊȖȌȧ ȋȓȈȏ ș ȥȚȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ
ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ" DzȈȒ Ȏȍ ȖȕȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖ ȍșȓȐ ȕȈ ȥȒȘȈȕȍ
țȔȍȡȈȍȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ ȍȋȖ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ"
ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȌșȚȍȋȕțȓȐ
— ǵȈ ©ǩȖȋȈȚȣȘȍª — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȔȐȒȘȖȜȖȕ — ǸȈșȗțș-
ȒȈȑȚȍ șȍȚȤ ǵȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȗțșȒȈȑȚȍ șȍȚȤ
— ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" — ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȘȍȗȘȖȌțȒ-
ȚȖȘ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ dzȖȋȐȕȖȊȈ — Ǩ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ"
— dzȐȟȐȕȒȐ ȗȖȌȖȎȌțȚ ǵȐȒțȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȌȍȕțȚșȧ ȕȈȓȖȊȐȔ
șȕȖȊȈ
— ǵȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" ǶȚȊȍȟȈȑȚȍ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ
— ǪȐȎț ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧª ǵȍ ȗțȋȈȑȚȍșȤ ȠȍȜ ǵȍ ©ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȏȔȐȧª Ȉ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȉțȌȍȔ ȍȋȖ
ȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȖȉȍȡȈȓȐ Ƕȕ șȈȔ ȗȘȖșȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȗȈțȏȣ dzȖȋȐȕȖȊ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȍȔ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȉțȌȤȚȍ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȣ ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȐȟ ǹȓȣȠȐȚȍ"
— ǹȓȣȠț șȓȣȠț — ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȏȈȕȧȊȠȐȑșȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȕȖȗȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȦ-
ȟȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ
ǹȕȖȊȈ ȕȈș ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȌȍȘȋȈȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȚȤ ǯȈȔȈȕȐȚȤ Ȋ șȍȚȤ
©ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧª ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȚȘțȌȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ ǵȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ țȎȍ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȑ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ
ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȐȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕ ȗȓȍȕȍȕ ȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȗȕ Ȋȣș-
ȒȈȓȤȏȣȊȈȓ Ȑȏ șȍȚȐ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȕțȦ ȖȝȖȚț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȚȤ
șȕȈȟȈȓȈ
ǷȖȚ ȓȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕȈ Ƕȕ țȎȍ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȗȘȖșȐȓ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣȚȍȘȍȚȤ ȍȔț ȓȖȉ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ
— ǫȓȈȏȈ ȡȐȗȓȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȎț«
ȁȍȓȒȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȦȟȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȐȟ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȕȐȍ
— dzȖȊȐșȤ ȘȣȉȒȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ« dzȖȊȐșȤ ȘȣȉȒȈ
ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ dzȖȊȐșȤ«
ǬȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗȕ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ
ǰȏ ȘȍȗȘȖȌțȒȚȖȘȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș dzȖ-
ȋȐȕȖȊȈ


443
— Ƕȕ ȘȊȍȚ ȚȘȖșȣ ǶȌȐȕ ȚȘȖș țȎȍ ȓȖȗȕțȓ«
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȖȗȈȓșȧ — ȓȐȒțȦȡȍ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ
ǰ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȐȋ ȔȍȏȖșȒȈȜ ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓșȧ ȋțȓȖȔ ȖȚ
șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ țȌȈȘȈ Ȑ ȕȈș ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȠȊȣȘȧȚȤ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȐȋȘțȠȒț
ȗȖȌȝȊȈȟȍȕȕțȦ ȘȈșȠȈȓȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ȡȍȕȒȖȔ
Ǵȍȕȧ șȉȐȓȖ ș ȕȖȋ Ȑ ȧ ȒȈȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȖȔȍȠȕȖȑ ȚȤȔȍ ȗȖ ȗȖȓț
ȚȡȍȚȕȖ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȞȍȗȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȓȖȔȈȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȘțȒ
— dzȍȕȈ ȌȍȘȎȐșȤ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ — ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȜȘȈȏȣ ǴȈȒȈȘȖȊ
ȊȣȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ țȋȓȈ Ȉ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȍ ȍȍ ȌȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ țȎȍ
șȖȊșȍȔ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǪȐȌȕȖ Ȗȕ ȚȖȎȍ ȒȈȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍ.
— ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" ǶȚȊȍȟȈȑȚȍ
— ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓ Ȋ ȘȍȗȘȖȌțȒȚȖȘȍ ȋȖȓȖș ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ
DzȖȘȖȚȒȈȧ ȗȈțȏȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋ ȘȍȗȘȖȌțȒȚȖȘȍ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȟȤȐ-
ȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ«
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȋȖȓȖș dzȖȋȐȕȖȊȈ
— ǷȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȚȘȖș ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" ǶȚȊȍȟȈȑȚȍ
Ǩ ȕȈș Ȋșȍ ȠȊȣȘȧȓȖ ȔȖȚȈȓȖ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȖ ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ
ȉȣȚȤ"
— Ƕȕ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȓ ȕȈș — ȊȌȘțȋ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȣȠȈȧ
ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ — Ǫȣ șȓȣȠȐȚȍ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ǨȕȌȘȍȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ"
— ǹȓȣȠț
DzȈȠȓȧȕțȊ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ
— ȇ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕ țȉȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ
— ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ǵȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ dzȖȋȐȕȖȊ
ǫȖȓȖș ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕȈ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȖȚ ȗțȓȤȚȈ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǹȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȚȈȔ țȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ«
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȔȍȏȖșȒȈȜ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȚȘȧȝȕțȓȖ —
Ȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȈȧ ȒȈȟȒȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ
ȁȍȓȒȕțȓ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȈȚȍȓȤ
— Ǫșȍ Ȟȍȓȣ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ
ǪȞȍȗȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȌȓȖȒȖȚȕȐȒȐ ȒȘȍșȓȈ Ȗȕ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖ
șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ ȡțȘȧșȤ ȖȚ șȊȍȚȈ
— ǭȓȍȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ ǪȈȕȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ"
— DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȞȍȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ« — ǭȓȍȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȈ
ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ǭȍ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖș dzȖȋȐȕȖȊȈ Ȑȏ ȘȍȗȘȖȌțȒȚȖȘȈ


445
— ǷȖȟȍȔț ȔȖȓȟȐȚȍ" ǬȍȘȎȐȚȍ șȊȧȏȤ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ǵȍ Ȋȣ-
ȒȓȦȟȈȑȚȍ ȔȐȒȘȖȜȖȕ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȈȦ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ — ǸȈȏȉȐȘȈȍȔșȧ
Ȋ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ
ǪȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȣ ȕȈ ȗțȓȤȚȍ Ȗȕ ȖȌȕȖ-
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȔȈșșȐȘȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȚȖ ȖȌȕț ȘțȒț ȚȖ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȋȐȉȈȧ Ȑ
ȘȈȏȋȐȉȈȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȐȈȕȐșȚ țșȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȖȚ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ țȗȘȈȎ-
ȕȍȕȐȑ
ǭȓȍȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ ȗȖȚȐȘȈȧ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȐȓȓȦ-
ȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ
— ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȐȟ Ȉ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȣ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ" —
șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ
— ǿȚȖ" — ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȕțȓșȧ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ — Ǩȝ ȗȘȖ-
ȎȍȒȚȖȘȣ ǴȖȎȕȖ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ǷȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ Ǫȣ țȠȐȉ-
ȓȐșȤ"
— ǷțșȚȧȒȐ ȕȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ ǵȖ Ȋ ȔȖȑ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ
ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǭȓȍȕȍ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȍ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȐȓȓȦ-
ȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ Ȓ șȖșȍȌȕȍȔț«
— Ǫșȍ ȧșȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǪȐșȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȖȘȚț
— ǬȈ ǹ ȚȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ șȊȍȚ Ȋ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘȈȝ ȊȐȌȍȕ — ȗȖȌ-
ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ ǴȈȒȈȘȖȊ
ǯȕȈȟȐȚ« ȇ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȍȡȍ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȒȈȒ
ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȗȖȌȚȧȕțȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȔȐȒȘȖȜȖȕ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
— ǨȕȌȘȍȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȦ ǴȍȏȖșȒȈȜ Ȟȍȓ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȊȘȍȌȐȔ ȕȖ șȍȚȤ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȟțȌȖȔ ȊȐșȐȚ ț ȕȈș ȕȈ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȖȔ ȉȖȘȚț
— ǪșȗȓȣȚȤ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ" Ǩ ȚȖ țȞȍȓȍȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȚȘȖș«
— ȇșȕȖ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȦ ȊȐȕȚ ȊȍȘȚȐȒȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȈ
ǿțȌȍșȕȖȍ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ
Ǫșȍ Ȕȣ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȒȈȒ ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȐȟ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ
ȔȖȚȖȘ Ƕȕ ȏȈȋțȌȍȓ ȕȈȚțȎȕȖ ș ȕȈȌȘȣȊȖȔ Ȑ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȗȖșȗȍ-
ȠȕȖ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȍȋȖ


446
— ǪȐȕȚ ȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȖȉȔȖȚȈȕ șȍȚȤȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ Ȋ ȔȐȒȘȖȜȖȕ — ȇ șȍȑȟȈș șȉȘȖȠț ȈȊȈȘȐȑȕȣȑ ȉȈȓ-
ȓȈșȚ DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȟȕȍȔ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȚȤ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȑȚȍ șȍȚȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȕȍ ȌȍȘȋȈȑȚȍ ȚȘȖș ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ«
— ǷȖȕȧȓ ȊȈș ǬȍȑșȚȊțȑȚȍ — ȉȣȓȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȒȈȒ dzȖȋȐȕȖȊ
ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ — ǪȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȚȍ ȏȈ ȚȘȖ-
șȖȔǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȘțȒț ȕȈ ȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȒȕȖȗȒț ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȔȍȌȓȐȓ Ȑ ȕȈȎȈȓ ȍȍ
ǵȐȟȍȋȖ« dzȐȠȤ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȔȍȏȖșȒȈȜ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȒȈȟȕțȓȖ
— ǿȚȖ ț ȊȈș" — ȕȍȋȘȖȔȒȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȐȟ
— Ǫȣ șȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ȉȈȓȓȈșȚ" — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ dzȖȋȐȕȖȊ
— ǬȈ
— ǺȘȖș ȌȈȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ șȓȈȉȐȕț Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȍȔșȧ
ȍȋȖ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȚȤ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ — șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘ-
ȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ǭȓȍȕȍ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȍ ȊȌȘțȋ șȗȘȖșȐȓ — DzȈȒ ȗȖ-ȊȈ-
ȠȍȔț șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȍșȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ șȚȘȈȠȐȓȐȡȍ"
— ǺȘțȌȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǪȍȌȤ Ȕȣ Ȏȍ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ
— ǵț ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ ǺȖȕȕ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȗȖȚȧȕȍȚ"
— ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȒȐȊȕțȊ ǴȈȒȈȘȖȊ
— ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ Ǫȣ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ǨȕȌȘȍȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ"
— ǹȓȣȠȈȓ
— Ǫȣ ȚȈȔ ȗȖșȖȊȍȡȈȑȚȍșȤ Ȉ Ȕȣ ȚȖȎȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȌțȔȈȚȤ —
ǶȉȊȍȌȧ ȕȈș ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ șȗȘȖșȐȓ — ǹȐȚțȈȞȐȧ ȊșȍȔ ȧș-
ȕȈ"ǭȔț ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ ȒȈȎȌȖȔț Ȑȏ ȕȈș șȚȈȓȖ
ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ
ǷȖȗȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ șȍȚȐ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª ȕȈȟȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȉȘȖ-
șȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȟȚȖ ȏȈȌȍȓ ȔȍȏȖșȒȈȜ ǹȍȚȤ ȏȈ-
ȞȍȗȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȊȐȕȚȣ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȏȈ șȚȖȑȒȐ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȡȐȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ǪșȗȓȣȚȤ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȖȑȔȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ ©ȘȣȉȒȈª ȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȕȈș Ȋșȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȚȖȕȕȖȑ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ.
ǪȖȚ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ ȓȖȊȐșȤ ȘȣȉȒȈ« DzȚȖ ȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ"
ǰ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȚȤ ȕȈș ȊȣȉȐȘȈȧ șȍȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ǪȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȊȣȌȍȘ-
ȎȐȚ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ țȞȍȓȍȊȠȐȑ ȚȘȖș Ȉ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȕȐ-
ȚȖȟȒȈ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȈș ș ȔȐȘȖȔ
ǸȈȏ țȎ șȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȈȓȓȈșȚ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȓȖȝȖ


447
ǵȖ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ țȝȐȚȘȐȓșȧ țȉȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚȈ" ǭȡȍ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ǵȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȉȣ ȖȉȖȘ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȚȘȖș
Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȒț ȝȖȚȤ Ȗȕ Ȑ țȞȍȓȍȓ" Ǫșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ
ȕȈș ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ șȍȑȟȈș Ȑȏ Ȕȍ-
ȏȖșȒȈȜȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȣȔ ȕȖȎȖȔ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȚȤ șȍȚȤ ȖȚȞȍȗȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȗȓȍ-
ȕȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈș ȋȘțȏȈ ǪșȍȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȕȚȐȔȍȚȘȖȊ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ
șȚȍȕȒȐ ǵȖ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȌȣ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȕȐ-
ȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȕȣȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ ǪȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȔȍȏȖșȒȈȜȈ ȕȈ ©ǩȖȋȈȚȣ-
Șȍª ȕȍȚ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȕȍȒȖȔț ȕȈș șȗȈșȈȚȤ«
— ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȐȟ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ șȓȣȠȐȚȍ" — ȘȈȏȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ
ȘȍȗȘȖȌțȒȚȖȘȈ
— ǬȈ
— Ǵȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ« — dzȖȋȐȕȖȊ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȈȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȍȚ — Dz ȊȈȔ ȐȌȍȚ DzȈȏȐ-
ȔȐȘ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ
ǷȈțȏȈ
ǶȟȍȕȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȗȈțȏȈ
— Ǫȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ dzȖȋȐȕȖȊ
DzȈȠȓȧȕțȊ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ
— ǬȈ ǵȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ«
— ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ — ǭȓȍȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ ȗȖȘȣ-
ȊȐșȚȖ ȊșȒȈȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ȔȐȒȘȖȜȖȕț Ȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȚ ȋȘȖȔ-
ȟȍ — ǨȕȌȘȍȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȏȈȗȘȍ-
ȚȐȚȤ
— ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȣȝȖȌ ǭȓȍȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ Ȋȣ Ȏȍ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ — ȚȐȝȖ ȌȖȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȘȍȗȘȖȌțȒȚȖȘȈ
— ǨȕȌȘȍȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ ȊȍȌȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȐ
— ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ șțȔȘȈȟȕȖ ǴȈȒȈȘȖȊ
— ǩȍȒ țȊȍȘȧȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ ȔȍȚȖȌȐȒȈ ȖȚȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȈ Ƕȕ ȗȘȍȌș-
ȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȖȚȖȒȖȓȣ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȑ Ȋ ȉȈȘȖȒȈȔȍȘȍ ǬȖ ȌȊțȝșȖȚ
ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘ
— ǨȕȌȘȍȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ ȗȖȏȖȊȐȚȍ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟȈ Ȓ
ȔȐȒȘȖȜȖȕț — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȊȈȍȚ ǭȓȍȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ
— ǭȋȖ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȘțȉȒȍ Ƕȕ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕȐȦ ǿȚȖ ȍȔț
ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ"
ǭȓȍȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ ȒȈȟȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȖȚȔȈȝȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȘȍȗȘȖ-
ȌțȒȚȖȘȈ Ȑ țȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ țȋȖȓ


448
— ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȐȟ ȌȈȑȚȍ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ Ȑ ȉțȌȤȚȍ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣ — ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȊ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ dzȖȋȐȕȖȊ
— ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ
— ȅȚȖȚ ȊȈȠ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª ȔȍȘȚȊ"
— ǪȗȖȓȕȍ ǬȍșȧȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ ȊȖȓȤȚ ǴȖȋț țȌȈȘȐȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ
ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȈȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȖȊ ȎȐȏȕȐ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȑȚȍ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ǫ ȊȖ-
Ȍȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȑ"
— ǹȍȑȟȈș ȊȖȏȤȔȍȔ ȗȘȖȉț — ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ǭȓȍȕț
ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕț
— ȇ șȍȑȟȈș șȌȍȓȈȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǴȈȒȈȘȖȊ
Ƕȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȘȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȉț ȏȈȉȖȘȚȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ Ȉ Ȕȣ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȑ
ȎȌȈȓȐ
ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȊȖȚ ȒȈȒ țȉȐȓ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ
ȟțȌȐȡȍ — ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȘȈȏȘȧȌȖȔ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ
ǷȖȝȖȎȍ ȟȚȖ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª șȘȈȎȍȕ ȕȈȗȖȊȈȓ Ƕȕ ȕȐ ȘȈ-
ȏț ȕȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓșȧ ȗȖșȓȍ țȌȈȘȈ ȚȖȒȖȔ Ȕȣ ȉȣ șȘȈȏț ȥȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ǵȖ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȘȖȉȣ ȊȖȌȣ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȐȋȖ-
ȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ"« Dz ȟȍȔț" ǰ ȒȈȒ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ǩȍȒ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈș șȗȈșȈȚȤ"
ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕȈ ȕȖ ȚțȚ ǴȈȒȈȘȖȊ ȏȈ-
ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȊȖȏȐȚȤșȧ ș ȗȘȖȉȐȘȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǫșȍ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖ ǷȍȘȍȌȈȑȚȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘț ǷȈȊ-
ȓȖȊȐȟț ȈȕȈȓȐȏ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȌȖȉȈȊȖȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȔȍșȍȑ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȕțȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȘȍȗȘȖȌțȒȚȖȘȈ
dzȖȋȐȕȖȊ — Ƕȕ ȐȌȍȚ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ǮȌȐȚȍ
— ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȑȔȍȚ ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕȐȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ
— ǷȖ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșȟȍȚȈȔ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȈșȈ
— ǷțșȚȤ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ș ȓȍȊȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǰȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘȣ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈ ț ȕȈș ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ
— ȇșȕȖ — Ȋ ȘȍȗȘȖȌțȒȚȖȘȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȡȍȓȒȕțȓȖ ǪȐȌȐȔȖ dzȖ-
ȋȐȕȖȊ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȍȋȖ
ȅȚȖȚ ȟȈș ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȉȣȓ șȈȔȣȔ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ȌȖ ȉȖȓȐ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȓțȉȖȊȈ-
ȚȖȍ șȐȧȕȐȍ ȒȓțȉȐȊȠȍȍșȧ ȏȈ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘȈȔȐ
ǩȖȧșȤ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȧ
ȧ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ț ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕȈ


449
— ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȐȟ Ȉ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ șȒȈȜȈȕȌȘȍ Ȗȕ șȗțșȒȈȍȚ-
șȧ" ǰ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ǩȍȒ" ǪȍȌȤ ȍșȚȤ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ
ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȕȍȗȖȕȐȔȈȦȡȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ
ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȔȖȚȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ șȍȘȌȐȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— Ƕȕ șȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ ȉȍȏ șȒȈȜȈȕȌȘȈ ȇșȕȖ" Ǫ ȗȘȖșȚȖȔ ȈȒȊȈ-
ȓȈȕȋȍ
Ǫ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȔ ȈȒȊȈȓȈȕȋȍ ȕȈ ȚȈȒțȦ ȋȓțȉȐȕț"
ǷȖȒȖșȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕȈ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȍȡȍ ȗȓȖȚȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȒ
Ȓ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘț ǰ ȊȖȚ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ«
Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȈȒȊȈȓȈȕȋȍ Ȋ ȋȐȌȘȖȒȖȔȉȐ-
ȕȍȏȖȕȍ ș ȒȈȗȦȠȖȕȖȔ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ șȗțșȒȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ
Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȕȈ ȊȣȘțȟȒț
Ƕȕ ȗȓȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȣȘȧȓ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
șȘȍȌȐ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȝ ȘȐȜȖȊ Ȉ ȕȍ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȓșȧ ȉȍȏ
ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȋȘȖȔȖȏȌȒȐȝ șȒȈȜȈȕȌȘȖȊ Ȑ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȉȈȚȐșȒȈȜȖȊ ȕȈ
ȋȓțȉȐȕț ȗȖȓțȚȖȘȈ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ
ǰȏ ȔțȕȌȠȚțȒȈ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗțȏȣȘȤȒȐ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖȑ
ȞȍȗȖȟȒȖȑ țȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ Ȓ șȖȓȕȞț
ǩȍȒ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȦȡȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȗȘȈȊțȦ Șț-
Ȓț« DzȈȒ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȤȦ" ǪȍȌȤ ȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȌȈȊȐȚ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ ȊȖȌȧȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȧ ȗȖȓțȚȖȘȈȒȐȓȖȔȍȚ-
ȘȖȊȖȑ ȚȖȓȡȐȕȣ
ǽȖȚȧ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ Ȗȗȣ-
ȚȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȑ ȊȖȌȣ țȘȈȊ-
ȕȖȊȍȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ ȍșȓȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȚȐ-
ȊȖșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȍȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȍ ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ Ȋ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȔ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȍ — ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȋȐȉȈȦȚ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȣȍ Șȣ-
ȉȣȇ șȈȔ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȥȚȐȝ Șȣȉ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ǵȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ«
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȐȌȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ-
ȔȐ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȓ-ȚȈȒȐ șȍȒȘȍȚ ȚȈȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ©ȈȓȐȚȖª ǰ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȍȔț ȊȣȗȈȓȖ ȖșțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȔȍȟȚț — ȕȣȘȧȚȤ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȕȈ ȚȈȒțȦ ȋȓțȉȐȕț ȘȈȌȐ
șȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ
ǩȍȒ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȌȍȘȎȈșȤ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȗȖȧș«
ǪȖȚ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ȍȋȖ ȚțșȒȓȖ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȖ ȓȍȏȊȐȍ ȒȐȕȎȈ-
ȓȈ« ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȖȉȖȌȘȧȦȡȍ ȗȖȔȈȝȈȊ ȕȈȔ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ


450
șȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ
ȇ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȊȖȚ șȍȑȟȈș Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȍȚ ȖȌȕț
ȕȐȚȤ ȊȚȖȘțȦ«
— Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ" — ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȊ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȚȤ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖ-
ȎȍȕȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȘȍȗȘȖȌțȒȚȖȘ — Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȊȈș
— Ƕȕ țȎȍ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖȉȘȍȏȈȚȤ șȍȚȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ —
Ǫșȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ«
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ șȘȈȏț ȕȍ șȖȖȉȡȐȓȐ"
ǷȖ ȚȖȕț dzȖȋȐȕȖȊȈ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȖȕȐ
ȊȖȓȕțȦȚșȧ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ©ǩȖȋȈȚȣȘȧª Ȑ ȏȈ ȕȈș Ȑ ȏȈ DzȈȏȐ-
ȔȐȘȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟȈ ǪȍȌȤ ȖȕȐ-ȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȧȚ Ȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ
ș ȕȐȔ ȕȍȚ.
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ǯȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȘȈȏȈ ȟȍȚȣ-
Șȍ ȗȖȌȕȖșȐȓ ȟȈșȣ Ȓ țȝț Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȚȖȎȍ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȚȖ ȕȈ șȊȖȐ ȟȈșȣ
ȚȖ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȌ ȗțȓȤȚȖȔ
ǰ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȎȌȈȓȐ Ȕȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈșȚț-
ȗȐȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ
ǴȍȏȖșȒȈȜ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȈȟȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤ-
șȧ«Ǫ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘȣ ȗȘȈȊȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȖȎȍ ȖȟȐșȚȐȊ-
ȠȐȍșȧ Ȕȣ ȍȡȍ țșȗȍȓȐ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȚȍȔȕțȦ țȌȈȓȧȦ-
ȡțȦșȧ ȔȈșșț ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ șȍȚȤ ș ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȋțȉȐȊȠȐȔ ȕȈș ȔȍȘȚ-
ȊȣȔ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍȔ
Ǩ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȈȒȊȈȓȈȕȋȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐȑ ȘțȒț
Ƕȕ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȌȈȓȧȓșȧ Ǵȣ țȗȓȣȊȈȓȐ Ȉ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈȝ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȖȋȓȧȌȕȖȑ ȚȤȔȍ«
— ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȐȟ ǩȍȒ ȚȈȔ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ
— ǷȖȌȖȎȌȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ
— ǵȍ ȔȖȋț — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȗȖȎȈȊ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ — ǪȍȌȤ
Ȕȣ șȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ȈȊȈȘȐȑȕȣȑ ȉȈȓȓȈșȚ«
ǬȈ ȕȈș ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ țȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ǴȍȏȖșȒȈȜ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȉȒȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȖșȚȐ
— ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȗȕ ȕȍ țȞȍȗȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȔȍȏȖșȒȈȜ" ǪșȗȓȣȊȈȓ ȉȣ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȈȔȐ


451
— ǵȍȓȤȏȧ — ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ — Ǻȣ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ-
ȉȣȓ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ ȜȐȏȐȒȐ" ȅȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ Țȍȉȧ ȚȈȒ ȗȖ-
ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ" ǭȔț ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ș ȖșȚȈȕȖȊ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ — ȒȍșșȖȕȕȈȧ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǺȤȔȈ ȏȈ șȚȍȒȓȈȔȐ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘȖȊ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȖȚșȚțȗȈ-
ȓȈ ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȊȍȚȓȍȓȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȘȈșșȊȍȚ ǰ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȧȘȒȖ
șȐȧȦȡȍȍ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȘȍȔ Ȑ șȐȕȍȍ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȉȖȘȚ ©ǩȖȋȈȚȣ-
Șȧª șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȕȈș
ǵȖ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȏȈ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈș Ȑȏ ȗȖȌȊȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȕȈ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ
ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȊȖ ȚȤȔȍ, ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȋȓțȠȐȓȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ
șȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ǰ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȚȖȓȗȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ©ǩȖȋȈȚȣȘȧª
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȔȍȏȖșȒȈȜ Ǫșȍ ȕȍ șȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȋȓȈȏ
ș ȚȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȋȌȍ ȊșȒȐȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȊ-
ȠȐȍșȧ Ȑȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȍ ȗțȏȣȘȤȒȐ«
ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȑȝ ȚȈȒ ȔȈȓȖ"
ǵȍȚ ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ« ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗțȏȣȘȤ-
ȒȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ
Ǩ ȊȖȚ Ȑ ȕȈȠ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȤ ǭȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȊȖ-
Ȍȣ Ƕȕ ȗȓȣȊȍȚ Ȓ ©ǩȖȋȈȚȣȘȦª ȕȍ șȕȐȔȈȧ ȔȈșȒȐ
ǵȈȊșȚȘȍȟț țȎȍ șȗȍȠȐȚ ȠȓȦȗȒȈ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ț ȚȘȈȗȈ
Ǫșȍ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȚȈȒ șȗȍȠȈȚ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘț ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟț
ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȟȚȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȦȚ ȍȍ ǵȖ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȕȈȠ șȚȘȖȋȐȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȈ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȘȖȔȈȠȒț ȓȐȠȤ ȔȖȓȟȈ
ȋȘȖȏȐȚ ș ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ Ȋ ȔȍȋȈ-
ȜȖȕ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȍȚșȧ
DzȈȏȐȔȐȘț ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟț ȗȖȔȖȋȈȦȚ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȚȘȈȗț Ǵȣ
ȊȐȌȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȞȍȓțȦȚ ǮȈȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠ ȔȍȏȖșȒȈȜ
ȍȡȍ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ț ȉȖȘȚȈ ©ǩȖȋȈȚȣȘȧª Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ
ȖȚȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȧ«
Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚȈȍȚ ȕȈȠȈ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȔșȧ
ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȐȝ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐȝ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȑ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȍ
DzȈȏȐȔȐȘȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟȈ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ
ȊȘȈȟȐ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȚȈȕțȚ ȌȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȊșȧȒȐȔȐ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȖȞȍȌțȘȈȔȐ
Ǵȣ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȍȔșȧ ȎȔȍȔ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȣȍ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȘțȒȐ
ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȔ șȘȈȏț ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȖȒ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ șȣȗȓȦȡȐȝșȧ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ


ǰȟȓȐȜșȜȒ ǶȐȎțȜȐ
ǵǺǶǷ
(1969)


454
ǵȖ Ȋ ȟȍȔ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȔȖȧ ȊȖȓȧ" ǪȍȌȤ șȓț-
ȟȈȑȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǯȔȐȧ" ǪȖȓȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
ȧ șȚȘȍȔȧșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ Ȓ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȚȍȔȈȔ șȈȔ țȊȐȌȈȓ
ȕȍȟȚȖ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȌȈȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȍ
ȌȖȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȕȐȋț ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ
Ǫ  ȋ ȧ ȎȐȓ ȊȍșȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȔȖȘȧ Ȋ ȔȍșȚȍȟȒȍ DzȖȒ-
ȚȍȉȍȓȤ Ȋ DzȘȣȔț ȊȖȏȓȍ ǼȍȖȌȖșȐȐ
Ǭȓȧ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕț ȒȘȈșȖȒ Ȑ ȐȋȘț
șȊȍȚȈ DzȖȒȚȍȉȍȓȤ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȔȍșȚ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖȋȖ
ǹȖȦȏȈ ǽȈȔȍȓȍȖȕ ȋȖȘȣ ȔȖȘȍ
Ǫ ȔȍșȚȍȟȒȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȣȑ ȗȓȧȎ ș ȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȔțȠȒȈȔȐ Ȑȏ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȐ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȌȐȊȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȐ
ǭșȓȐ ȊșȚȈȚȤ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȔȖȘȦ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȖȉȚȖȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȖ-
ȘȍȔ ȒțșȖȟȒȐ ȧȠȔȣ ȝȈȓȞȍȌȖȕȈ Ȑ ȒȊȈȘȞȈ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ Ȑ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȖȚ
ȊȈș ȉțȌțȚ ȗȖȓȖȋȐȍ ȋȖȓȣȍ ȝȖȓȔȣ ȞȊȍȚȖȔ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȍ ȝȖȓ-
Ȕȣ Ȋ șȚȍȗȧȝ DzȈȏȈȝșȚȈȕȈ ǵȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȝȖȓȔȖȊ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȔȖ-
ȋȐȓȈ ȗȖȥȚȈ Ǵ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕȈ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȧ DzȖȒȚȍȉȍȓȧ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȓ șȦȌȈ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ Ǫ ȌȕȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȖșȚȐ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȏȌȍșȤ Ǩ ǩȍȓȖȋȖ Ǫ ǩȘȦșȖȊȈ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋ  ȋȖ-
Ȍț ȎȐȓ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ Ǵ ǫȖȘȤȒȐȑ
ǹȈȔȖȍ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȋ DzȖȒȚȍȉȍȓȍ — ȥȚȖ DzȈȘȈȌȈȋ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ
ȗȖȚțȝȠȍȋȖ ȊțȓȒȈȕȈ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȎȈȓȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȊțȓȒȈȕ Ȋ
ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȑ ȔȈșșȍ șȊȖȍȑ țȗȈȓ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ șȖȊșȍȔ
șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ǾȍȕȚȘ DzȘȣȔȈ șȍȑȟȈș — ȇȓȚȈ
dzȐȊȈȌȐȧ ǨȓțȗȒȈ ǨȓțȠȚȈ ȚȖȚ ȗȓȍȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȘȈȑ ș Ȕȧȋ-
ȒȐȔ ȒȓȐȔȈȚȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒ ȓȦȉȐȔ Ǩ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ
ȟȚȖ ȊȣșȐȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȈ Ȋ - ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȈ ȊȣȠȐȕȖȑ ȖȟȍȘ-
ȚȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ DzȘȣȔȈ ȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ DzȘȣȔȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȖȉȘȍȓȐ ȉȣ șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ǻȉȍȘȐȚȍ Ȋȣ ș DzȈȊȒȈȏȈ
DzȈȏȉȍȒ ȅȓȤȉȘțș Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȗȧȚȤ-ȠȍșȚȤ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ Ȏȍ ȊȍȘȠȐȕ Ȑ
DzȈȊȒȈȏ ȒȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȍȚ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȐȘȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ Ȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ
ȍȋȖ șȚȈȓȈ ȉȣ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȐȘȕȖȑ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ǷȘȖȔȍȚȍȧ ȕȍ Ȓ
ȟȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȣȊȈȚȤ Ȉ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍ-
ȓȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȗȋȕȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȍșȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗȉ Ȗȋ-
ȕȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȑșȒȖȔ
ǵȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȌțȔ ȕȈȊȍȌȍȚ ȊȈș DzȈȘȈȌȈȋ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȓțȟ-
Ƞȍȍ Ȑȏ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȕȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȔ ș ȊȈȔȐ


455
Ǵ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ DzȐȔȍȘȐȍȑ Ƕȕ țȚ-
ȊȍȘȎȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ț șȒȈȓ DzȈȘȈȌȈȋȈ ȗȘȍȚȍȘȗȍȓ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ǶȌȐșșȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȈ ȝȖȓȔȈȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȉȣȊȠȍȑ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ Șțȟȍȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȋȖȘȖȑ ȋȌȍ ȓȖ-
ȔȈȦȚ Ȑ ȗȖȕȣȕȍ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ
ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȌȖȕȖșȧȚșȧ ȊȏȘȣȊȣ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ șȕțȦȚ ȋȘțȏȖȊȐȒȐ
ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȋȘȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȈȒȘȖȗȖȓȤ ǵȍȌȈȊȕȐȍ ȘȈșȒȖȗȒȐ ȌȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȝȘȈȔ ǫȘȍȒȐ ȊȐȏȈȕȚȐȑȞȣ șȒȐȜȣ ȋȍȕțȥȏȞȣ ȚȈȚȈȘȣ
ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȘțșșȒȐȍ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȒȘȈȐȕȞȣ — ȕȈȘȖ-
Ȍț ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȍȘȍȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȍșȓȐ ȊȌțȔȈȚȤșȧ DzȘȣȔ ȕȍ
ȊȍȓȐȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȝȊȈșȚȈȚȤ ȔȐȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈȔȐ
ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȎȐȚȕȐȞȍȑ ȏȍȘȕȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ǪȐȏȈȕȚȐȐ ǰ
șȚȍȕȣ DzȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕȖȗȖȓȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ Ȟȍ-
ȔȍȕȚȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȓșȧ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȈ ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȍ ǹȍȑ-
ȟȈș ȥȚȐ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȣ șȣȘȤȍ — ȞȍȔȍȕȚ — ȊȖȏȐȓȐ Ȋ
ǵȖȊȖȘȖșșȐȑșȒ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȉȓȐȎȍ
ǪȍșȕȈ  ȋ Ȋ DzȖȒȚȍȉȍȓȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ Ȑ ȌȖȎȌȓȐȊȈȧ
ǭȡȍ ȈȗȘȍȓȤ ȉȣȓ ȚțȌȈ-șȦȌȈ Ȉ ȔȈȑ ȌȖȎȌȓȐȊ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȍȕ Ǫșȍ
Ȏȍ ȧ ȟȈșȚȖ ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȋȖȘȣ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȓ ȗȖȌȕȖȎȐȦ
șȒȈȓȣ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ǿȍȘȚȖȊ ȗȈȓȍȞ ȐȓȐ Ȓ ȚȘȍȔ șȖșȍȌȕȐȔ țȡȍ-
ȓȤȧȔ ȋȌȍ ȌȖȓȉȐȓ șȍȘȌȖȓȐȒȐ Ȑ ȝȈȓȞȍȌȖȕȣ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȝȖȌȧ ȖȚ șȒȈȓȣ Ȓ șȒȈȓȍ ȐȡȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȈȔȍȚȐșȚȣ ȧ șȗțșȒȈȓșȧ
ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȊȕȐȏ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ș ȖȉȘȣȊȈ ȗȖ ȒȘțȚȖȔț șȗțșȒț Ȟȍȗ-
ȓȧȧșȤ ȏȈ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȒȈȔȕȐ șȗțșȒȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȉțȝȚȣ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘțȦ ș ȌȊțȝ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȏȈȗȐȘȈȓȐ ȒȘțȚȣȍ ȉȈȏȈȓȤȚȖȊȣȍ șȒȈȓȣ
șȚțȗȍȕȟȈȚȣȍ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȚȤșȧ
ȊȊȍȘȝ ȧ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȓ ȐȓȐ ȖȗȓȣȊȈȓ ȉȈȏȈȓȤȚȖȊȣȍ șȒȈȓȣ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȣ-
ȊȈȧ ȉțȝȚț șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ș ǹȍȘȌȖȓȐȒȖȊȖȑ
 ȔȈȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȝȖȓȖȌȖȊ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȉȍȏȊȍȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȚȍȗȓȈȧ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ
ǷȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉțȘȤ ȔȖȘȍ ȊȣȒȐȕțȓȖ ȕȈ ȉȍ-
Șȍȋ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȒȈȔțȠȒȖȊ ȧ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȔȖ ǿȍȘȚȖ-
ȊȈ ȗȈȓȤȞȈ ȗȖ țȡȍȓȤȦ ǫȧțȘ-ǩȈȝ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉ ȕȍ ȚȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȈ ȚȘțȌȕȣȑ șȗțșȒ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȔȖȘȧ Ȋ ǹȍȘȌȖȓȐȒȖ-
ȊțȦ ȉțȝȚț ȕȈ șȒȈȓȍ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȊȐȌȕȈ Ȋșȧ ȉțȝȚȈ
ȠȐȘȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ - ȧ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓ ȊȍȘȍȊȒț Ȑ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȖ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ș ȍȍ ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȊȕȐȏ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȍȍ Ȋ ȚȘȈȊȍ


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ǴȖȘȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖȍ ǻ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȍȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȖȉȘȖșȠȐȝ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȧȔȐ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȒȍȜȈȓȤ ǷȖ-
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȔȍȚȘȈȝ Ȋ șȚȈ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȗȓȈȊȈȓȐ ȌȍȓȤȜȐȕȣ ǶȟȍȊȐȌ-
ȕȖ ȖȕȐ Ȑ ȏȈȋȕȈȓȐ șȦȌȈ ȒȍȜȈȓȤ ǻȓȖȊ ȒȈȔțȠȒȖȊ șȊȍȘȝ ȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȐȧ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȇ ȊȣȒțȗȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ǬȖșȚȈȓ ȚȍȘȔȖș
ș ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ ȒȖȜȍ ǯȈȗȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑȏ șȚȘțȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȚȘțȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȍ ȗȖȍȓ ȝȓȍȉȈ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȏȈȒțȘȐȚȤ ȚȘțȉ-
Ȓț ȕȖ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖȒțȘȐȚȤ Ȑ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔțșȤ
ȕȈȊȍȘȝ Ȓ ȌȍȘȍȊț Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȈ ȔȖȧ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȈ
ǮȈȘȈ țșȐȓȐȊȈȓȈșȤ
ǶȉțȊȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ țȌȖȉȕȈȧ ȗȈȓȒȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȈȧ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȕȍ
ȖȚȧȋȖȡȈȓȐ ȘȦȒȏȈȒȈ ȧ ȉȍȏ ȚȘțȌȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ șȒȈȓț Ȑ șȍȓ
ȊȖȏȓȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ ǶȚȊȧȏȈȊ ȍȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ Ȑ șȔȖȚȈȊ Ȋ ȒȘțȋ ȧ
ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȌȖșȚȈȓ ȒȐșȍȚ ȕȈȉȐȓ
ȚȘțȉȒț ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȉțȝȚȍ ȖȝȖȚȧȚșȧ
ȏȈ ȒȍȜȈȓȤȦ ȌȍȓȤȜȐȕȣ
ǬȍȓȤȜȐȕȣ șȚȈȑȒȖȑ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȉțȝȚȍ ȊȓȍȊȖ ǬȖȓȎȕȖ
ȉȣȚȤ ȚțȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȒȍȜȈȓȤ ȇ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ Ȑ
ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȉțȝȚȣ ȔȍȚȘȈȝ Ȋ  ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ - Ȋ ȖȒȘțȎȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȖȉȘȖșȠȐȑ ȉț-
ȘȣȔȐ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȧȔȐ Ǫ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȧ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏ ȉȣȊȈȓ Ȋ DzȖȒ-
Țȍȉȍȓȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȉȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ǹȍȘȌȖ-
ȓȐȒȖȊȖȑ ȉțȝȚȍ ǩțȝȚȈ ȕȍ ȔȍȓȒȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȠȈȋȈȝ Ȋ
ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ — Ȉ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȕȧ Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȉțȝȚȣ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓ ǶȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ  ǩȐȕȖȒȓȧ șȖ
ȔȕȖȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ǰ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȓȐ
ȥȚȖ" ȇ ȖȚȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ©ȋȓȈȏª ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șțȟȒȈ Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȈ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ țȒȓȖȕȧȍȚșȧ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ ǯȕȈ-
ȟȐȚ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȉ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȓțȉȖȒ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ ȊȣȘ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȉțȘȧȔȐ ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȖ Ȑȝ șȦȌȈ" ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑȝ
ȗȘȐȉȤȍȚ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ Ȓ șȒȈȓȈȔ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ"
ȇ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȌȍȓȤȜȐȕȖȊ
ǷȖȒțȘȐȊȈȧ ȚȘțȉȒț ȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȒȓțȉȒȖȔ ȊȖȌȖ-
ȘȖșȓȍȑ
ǺȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț țșȐȓȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ǪȖȌȖȘȖșȓȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ
ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȖȒȘțȋȓțȦ ȜȖȘȔț DzȓțȉȖȒ țȌȓȐȕȧȓșȧ Ǫ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȣ.
Ǩ ȏȈȚȍȔ«


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ǯȈȚȍȔ ȧ ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ șȍȓ șȓȖȊȕȖ
ȉȖȧșȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋț ȐșȗțȋȈȚȤ ©ȥȚȖª ȍșȓȐ ȉțȌț șȚȖȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ
ȇ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ
ǩȣȓȖ  Ȍȕȧ ǹȚȖȧȓȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ǷȖȏȈȌȐ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ ǫȧțȘ-ǩȈȝ ȟȐȘȐȒȈȓȐ ȗȚȐȟȒȐ Ȑ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖ Ȍȣ-
ȔȐȓȈșȤ ȔȖȧ ȚȘțȉȒȈ
©DzȓțȉȖȒª ȘȈȏȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȓșȧ
ǸȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ
ǪȣȚȧȕțȓșȧ
ȇ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ șȟȐȚȈȓ Ȑ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȓ ©ȥȚȖª ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȧȔȐ ȌȖ Țȍȝ
ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ©ȥȚȖª ȕȍ ȌȊȐȕțȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȧ
ȅȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊȖȓȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȓȣȓȖ Ȓ
ȚȖȔț ȔȍșȚț ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȌȍȓȤȜȐȕȣ Ț ȍ Ȓ ȓȍȊȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ
ȉțȝȚȣ
ǷȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ ǭșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȓȖ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȍ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȧ ȓȐ" ȇ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȟȈșȣ
ǩȣȓȖ 
ǸȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȊȐȌȐȔȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȔȍȠȈȓȖ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȉȓȍșȒ
șȖȓȕȞȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ ȕȖ ȊȖȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȈ Ȑ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ȚȍȓȈ ȌȍȓȤȜȐȕȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȌȊȖȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȍȔ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ǶȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȖ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ - Ȉ
ȚȖȓȡȐȕȖȦ șȖ șȚȖȓȍȠȕȐȞț ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȈ ȍșȓȐ ȍȍ ȗȖȊȍȘ-
ȕțȚȤ ȉȖȒȖȔ ǶȕȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȔȍȚȘȈ-ȔȍȚȘ Ȑ
Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȓȖșȒȖȍ ǵȐȎȕȧȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐ-
ȌȐȔȖȔț ȉȍȓȈȧ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȈ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȋȖȓțȉȐȏȕȈ
ȊȖȌȣ Ȉ ȊȍȘȝȕȧȧ — ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȤ
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț
șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ǵȈȠȍ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐțȟȈȊȠȍȍ ȕȈș Ȓ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȟțȌȍș ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȔȍȠȈȚȤ
Ȕȕȍ ȇ ȕȈȟȈȓ ș ȔȣșȓȐ — ȕȍ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȧ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ" ǵȈȡțȗȈȓ
ȋȖȘȧȟțȦ ȚȘțȉȒț ȏȈȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȣ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ
Ȋȣȕțȓ ȟȈșȣ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȔȍȠȈȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕ-
ȞȖȊ ȧ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ©ǵț Ȑ ȟȍȘȚ ș ȕȍȑ ȍșȓȐ Ȑ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȧ
ǩțȌț șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤª
ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȧșȤ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȓȣȊțȡȐȍ ȏȔȍȐ ȕȍ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȗȓȣȓȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȌȍȓȤȜȐȕȖȊ ǶȕȐ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȒȘȣ-
ȓȐșȤ


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ȅȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ  ȔȈȧ  ȋȖȌȈ
ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȣșȓȤȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ
ȉȣȓȖ — ȕȈȌȖ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǵȖ
șȊȍȘȝț șȖ șȒȈȓȣ Ȕȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȍ Ȉ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȊȕȐȏ ȚȖ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȒȈȓȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȉȣ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟțȌȖȊȐ-
ȡȍ ȐȓȐ ȖȕȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ ȇ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȇ
ȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȉȡȐȍ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȍȑ
ȇ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ț ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȋȓȈȏ ȌȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌ ȊȖ-
ȌȖȑ ȧ ȔȖȋ Ȑȝ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ"
ǻȋȕȈȊ ȌȍȓȤȜȐȕȖȊ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȋȕȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ șȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȒȓțȉȖȒ Ȑ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȕȍșȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȊȗȘȈȊȖ ǶȕȖ șȕȖȊȈ șȚȈȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ
ȗȖȘȖșȠȐȑ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȧȔȐ
ǶȚȕȍșȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȖ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȣ ȉțȝȚȣ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȔȍșȚț ȐȓȐ
ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȋȌȍ ȧ ȍȋȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐ-
ȡȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȌȍȓȤȜȐ-
ȕȖȊ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǫȖȓȖȊȈ Ȋ ȘȈȏȔȍȘ ȘȈȏ-
ȔȈȝȈ ȘțȒ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ ȏȔȍȐȕțȦ ǫȓȈȏ ȧ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȕȍ
ȊȐȌȈȓ Ȑȏ ȟȍȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ
ǷȖȌȍȘȎȈȊ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȌȊȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ — ș ȕȍȍ șȚȍȒȈȓȐ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȊȖȌȣ — ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ Ȗȗț-
șȚȐȓȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȗȓȣȓȖ ȏȈ șȒȈȓȣ ȏȈȔȣȒȈȊȠȐȍ
ǹȍȘȌȖȓȐȒȖȊțȦ ȉțȝȚț«
ȇ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ ǩȣȓȖ ȉȍȏ ȚȘȍȝ ȔȐȕțȚ ȟȈș ȇ ȕȈȉ-
ȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍȔ șȖȘȖȒ ȔȐȕțȚ ș ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ
ǹȗȘȈȊȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȚșȧ șȒȈȓȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȒȘțȚȣȍ Ȑ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ
ȉțȝȚț ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
ȇ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ
ǴȈȘȐȧ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȕȈ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕȈ ȧȊȓȧȦȡȈȧșȧ ȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȐȞȍȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȖȒȚȍȉȍȓȤșȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȖȉȣȟȈȍȊ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ
ȟȚȖ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț Ȋ ȔȍșȚȕȖȑ ȜȍȖȌȖșȐȑșȒȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȈȕȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȘȈȑȖȕȍ ȋȖȘȣ DzȈ-
ȘȈȌȈȋ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ©ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȋȈȌª Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȐȔȒț ȚȖȋȖ ȋȈȌȈ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȈ ȘȖȚȈ ȒȘȈșȕȖȈȘȔȍȑȞȍȊ Ƕ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȍ ©ȋȈȌȈª ȕȍ șȖȖȉ-
ȡȈȓȖșȤ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȝ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȑ Ȗ șțȌȤȉȍ ©ȋȈȌȈª ȕȍ ȗȍȟȈȚȈ-
ȓȖșȤ Ǵ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȊȣȘȍȏȒț ©Ȗ ȋȈȌȍª Ǵ ǩțȓȋȈȒȖȊț Ȑ
ȖȕȈ ȓȍȋȓȈ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊț ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ©ǸȖȒȖȊȣȍ ȧȑȞȈª DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ǵ
ǹ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȍȓȒȍ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ©ȋȈȌȈª ȕȖ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ Ȉ


459
ȏȕȈȍȚ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ǵ ǫȈȉȘȐȟȍȊșȒȈȧ ȎȍȕȈ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȊȍȌȈ ǫȈȉ-
ȘȐȟȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ DzȖȒȚȍȉȍȓȍ ȉȍȏȊȣȍȏȌȕȖ
ǵ ǫȈȉȘȐȟȍȊșȒȈȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ
ǸȈȕȕȍȑ ȊȍșȕȖȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȟȐș-
ȓȈȝ ȔȈȘȚȈ șȖșȍȌȒȈ ǫȈȉȘȐȟȍȊșȒȖȑ ȒȖȓȝȖȏȕȐȞȈ ȗȍȘȍȍȝȈȊȠȈȧ
șȦȌȈ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ Ȑȏ ǻȒȘȈȐȕȣ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȧ ȥȚȐ ȔȍșȚȈ.
ǵȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȉțȘȧ ǬȘȖȊ Ȋ DzȖȒȚȍȉȍȓȍ ȔȈȓȖ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȎȌȍȑ
Ȑ ȊȍșȕȖȑ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȊȈȓȍȎȕȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȋȖȘȣ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ǵȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȏȍ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȉțȘȤ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒ DzȖȓȝȖȏȕȐȞȈ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȈ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȤ
ȌȘȖȊȈ ǶȕȈ ȠȓȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȔ ȔȖȘȧ ȔȐȔȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ ©ȔȖ-
ȋȐȓȣ ȆȕȋȈª Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȑ
DzȖȒȚȍȉȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȉțȝȚȣ Ȋ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȔȣșȈ ǽȈȔȍȓȍȖȕ ǵȍ
ȌȖȝȖȌȧ ȌȖ ȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȔȣșȈ ȖȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ ȒȈȒȖȍ-
ȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȉȘȍȊȕȖ ș ȒȖȘȕȧȔȐ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȉțȘȍȑ ǶȟȍȕȤ
ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈȝȖȌȒȍ ȖȕȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȉȍȋȖȔ Ȓ ȒȈȔȕȧȔ Ȑ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȉȘȍȊȕȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȈȟ-
ȕțȓȖșȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȟȐȚȈȓȈ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓȖșȤ ǶȕȈ țȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȈȌȈ ș ȒȖșȔȈȚȖȑ ȋȘȐȊȖȑ ǫȈȌ ș ȠțȔȖȔ țȗȈȓ Ȋ
ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȗȖȗȓȣȓ Ȋ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ DzȈȘȈȌȈȋȈ DzȖȓȝȖȏȕȐȞȈ țȎ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȠȓȈ ȌȖȔȖȑ
ǪȖȏȓȍ DzȈȘȈȌȈȋȈ Ȋ ǶȚțȏșȒȖȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍ-
șȒȈȧ șȚȈȕȞȐȧ ǹȈȔ ȧ ȚțȌȈ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȔȖȍ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ ȔȈȓȖȌȖȒȈȏțȍȔȣȔ ǴȖȧ ȎȍȕȈ ȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȚțȌȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȊȖȗ-
ȘȖșȣ ȍȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȚșȧ ȔȐȋȘȈȞȐȧ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ ȘȍȌȒȐȝ Șȣȉ Ȑȏ ǹȘȍȌȐȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ Ȋ ȘȈȑȖȕ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ
ǺȈȒ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȘȣȉȈȒȐ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ DzȈȘȈȌȈȋȈ ȗȖȑȔȈ-
ȓȐ Șȣȉț ©ȟȍȘȚª ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȔ șȊȣȠȍ ȌȊțȝ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȕȖȑ ȘȣȉȈ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȘȖȌȍ ©ȘȣȉȈ-ȘȍȔȍȕȤª
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ǹȘȍȌȐȏȍȔȕȖȔ
ȔȖȘȍ ǸȣȉȈ ȥȚȈ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȍȚ ȌȓȐȕȣ - ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ǽȖȚȧ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȌȓȐȕȖȦ - ȔȍȚȘȖȊ — ȧ ȊȍȌȤ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ
ȕȍȋȖ ș ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧ Ȋ  ȔȍȚȘȖȊ Ȑ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȋ ȖȠȐ-
ȉȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȍ
ǫȖȌ șȗțșȚȧ Ȋ DzȖȒȚȍȉȍȓȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȓȈȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ ȘȍȏȐȕȖȊȖȑ
ȓȖȌȒȍ ȗȖ ǹȍȘȌȖȓȐȒȖȊȖȑ ȉțȝȚȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȉțȝȚȍ
ȒțȌȈ țȗȓȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȕȖȦ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȠȐȗȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȠțȔ ȟȍ-
ȋȖ-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȊȖȌț DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȓȐ ȏȈ


ǹȎȞȞȖ ǻȖȐȓț
ǹdzǰǶǮȂǮǻ
(1970)


462
ǻ ȚȖȓșȚȖȑ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȌȊȖȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕ
— Ǻȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǹȊȍȚȞț Ȕȧ-
șȐșȚȣȑ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȖȓȐȞȣȑ ȠȍȜ — ǷȖȒȈ Țȣ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ
Ȕȣ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȐ ȔȈȓȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȘȣ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ǻȣ șȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȏȈȊȐșȈȚȤ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȓȍȚȍȚȤ șȖ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ
ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȔȐȓȤ Ȋ ȟȈș ȐȓȐ ȏȈȌȈȚȤ ȊȣșȖȚț Ȑ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȚȤ ȈȊȚȖȗȐ-
ȓȖȚ DzȈȔȍȘȈ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȈ —
ț Țȍȉȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȒȘțȋȖȊȖȑ ȖȉȏȖȘ
ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȗȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț șȚȍȕȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȚȍȓȖ Ȑȝ țȉȐȚȤ Ǫ
ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȘȖȒ ȜțȚȖȊ ȌȓȐȕȣ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȒȈ ȝȊȖșȚȈ
Ȉ ȍȡȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȓȐșȤ ȕȍȌȖȘȈȏȊȐȚȣȍ ȒȖȎȐșȚȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȒȈȒ
ț ȓȍȚțȟȍȑ ȔȣȠȐ Ǫ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȖȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ ȋȐȉȒțȦ ȧȡȍ-
ȘȐȞț ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ țȚȘȖȉȕȖ ȊȣȓȖ Ȑ ȞȈȘȈȗȈȓȖ șȚȍȒȓȖ șȔȍȘȚȖȕȖș-
ȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ
Dz șȚȍȒȓț ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȈ ȚȈȉȓȐȟȒȈ
ʮʓʝʖʢʐ
ʗˊ˝ˢ˕ ˒˓ˋ˄ˎˋˊˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˅ ͳʹ͵Ͳ ˆˑˇ˖ ˇˑ˃˕ˑˏːˑˌ ˠ˓˞
˔ ˕ˈ˓˓ˋ˕ˑ˓ˋˋ ʙˋ˕˃ˢǡ ʖˈˏˎˢǤ
ʑʪʛʔʟʧʗʘ ʑʗʓ
— Ƕȕ ȌȖ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȌȖȉȍȘȍȚșȧ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǸȈ ǿȍȕ
— ǬȈ șȥȘ
ǹȊȍȚȞ șȚȖȧȓ ȖȉȝȊȈȚȐȊ șȍȉȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ
ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ ǭȋȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȏȈ șȈȔȣȔ ȒȘțȗȕȣȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔ Ȋșȍȝ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕ Ȉ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȉȖȧȓșȧ
— ǪȖ ȐȔȧ ȕȈțȒȐ! Ƕ ȟȍȔ ȚțȚ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ ǹȊȍȚȞ" ȅȚȖ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ-ȕȈȊșȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȘȣȉȈ.
— ǬȈ șȥȘ ǺȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȧȌȖȏțȉȍ ǪșȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ
ȊȣȔȍȘȠȈȧ ȧȡȍȘȐȞȈ ȚȈȒ Ȋȣ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ
— ǻ ȕȈș ȉȣȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȈ Ȑȏ ȌȍȚșȒȖȑ ȒȕȐȎȒȐ ǶȚȒț-
ȌȈ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȔ"
ȇȌȖȏțȉ ȗȖȗȧȚȐȓșȧ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȌȖȝȕțȓ ȗȘȐȞȍȓȐȓșȧ — Ȑ
ȎȍȓȚȖ-ȖȘȈȕȎȍȊȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȏȌȘȍȑ Ȑ țȌȈȘȐ-
ȓȖ Ȋ șȚȍȒȓȖ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȊȏȊȐȏȋȕțȓ Ȑ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
— Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ, — ȏȈȊȍȘȐȓ ǸȈ ǿȍȕ
ǹȊȍȚȞ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȝțȌȖ-
ȡȈȊȣȔ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȖȒȖșȚȕȣȔ ș ȉȓȍȌȕȖȑ ȒȖȎȍȑ șȊȍȚȓȖ-ȋȖȓțȉȣȔȐ


463
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ ȗȍȗȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ
— ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȧȡȍȘȐȞȈ ȖȋȕȍȌȣȠȈȡȈȧ"
— ȗȘȖȞȐȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȅȚȈ ȧȡȍȘȐȞȈ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ țșȚȘȖȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȒȘȍ-
ȔȈȚȖȘȐȑ ȇ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȓȖȎȍȚ ȟȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ șȔȖȚȘȦ ȚȍȔ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȖȕȈ
ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȑ ȕȈ ȘȐșțȕȖȒ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ
ȕȍ ȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ
— DzȈȒȈȧ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȈ ǹȊȍȚȞ" ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȉȣȓ Ȋ
ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ Ǩ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ
— ǬȈ șȥȘ Dz șȓȖȊț Ȗ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȖȔ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȍ ǯȈȟȍȔ ȍȔț
ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚ" ǻ ȕȍȋȖ țȎȍ ȍșȚȤ ȒȖȕȤ ȧȌȖȏțȉ…
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȎȕȖ, — șȒȘȐȊȐȓșȧ ǸȈ ǿȍȕ — ǬȊȖȘȞȖ-
ȊȈȧ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȈ ǶȕȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȓȖȎȕȈ ǷȘȧȔȖ șȍȑȟȈș ǹȊȍȚȞ ȋȌȍ-
ȚȖ ȊȖ ǬȊȖȘȞȍ ǶȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ǵȈȞȐȑ ȗȓȍȚțȚșȧ ȕȐȚȐ șȖȚȕȐ ȏȈ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȕȖșȚȐ ǰ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȘȈș-
șȟȐȚȈȕ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȤ Ȑ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǫȍȕȍ-
ȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȧ Ǩ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȖǹȊȍȚȞ ȒȐȊȕțȓ Ǫșȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȊȖȑșȚȊȍ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ
șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȧ
ǹȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖ șȍȔȤșȖȚ ȓȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȐȊȠȍȍ ǶȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȔȐ ǵȈ-
ȞȐȧȔȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣȘȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȖȚ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȘȈȒȖȊ
ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȖȔț șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ Ƕȕ
șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȐ Ȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǷȘȐ
ȊȐȌȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ ȗȓȈȕȍȚ Ȑ ȋȈȓȈȒȚȐȒ Ȗȕ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȝȓȖȗȈȓ Ȋ
ȓȈȌȖȠȐ Ȑ ȗțșȒȈȓ șȓȦȕȐ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ǰȕșȚȐȚțȚ ȒȖșȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑș-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍ
ǶȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ǵȈȞȐȑ ǵȖ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȑ
ȊȣȔȍȘȠȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ
— DzȚȖ-ȚȖ șțȔȍȓ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț
ȗȖȏȈȘȍȏ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȒȘțȗȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȕȈ ǯȍȔȓȍ ǽȖ-
ȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȕȈșȖȓȐȚȤ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǸȈ ǿȍȕ — DzȖȔț-ȚȖ ȕȍ
ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȈș șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉȦȌȎȍȚ
Dz ȚȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȊȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ
ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ ȉȘȖȕȚȖȏȈȊȘȈ Ǵȣ ȕȍ șțȔȍȓȐ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ ǵȐȒȈ-
ȒȈȧ ȒȈȔȍȘȈ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ șȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍ-
ȒȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ
— ǰ ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚ — ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȈȠȈ ȐȌȍȧ șȥȘ"


— ǬȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȖ DzȈȠȈȓȖȚȣ ȊȣȔȍȘȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȊȕȖ
ȟȚȖ ț ȕȈș ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ ȇ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȍȕȍ-
ȘȈȓȤȕȖȔț șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȦ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤȕțȦ ȜȐȋțȘȒț — ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȐ Ȋȣ-
ȒȖȗȈȓȐ ȍȍ Ȋ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȈȝ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ ©ǹȚȍȑȉȍȕª — Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ǩȐȉ-
ȓȐȦ Ȑ ȚȖȓȒȖȊȣȑ șȓȖȊȈȘȤ Ǫ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȧ țȉȍȌȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ dzȍȊȐȈ-
ȜȈȕ Ȑ ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚ — ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȊȍȘȕȖ — ǹȊȍȚȞ ȟȐȚȈȓ ǩȐȉȓȐȦ Ȋ ȒȖȔȗȤȦ-
ȚȍȘȕȖȑ ȊȣȎȐȔȒȍ ǪȣȎȐȔȒȈ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȓȈ ȊȍșȤ
șȦȎȍȚ — dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕȖȔ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȓȦȉȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈȠȍșȚȊȐȍ șȈȘȈȕȟȐ
— ǽȊȈȓȈ ȕȈțȒȍ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȧ ȚȈȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǹȊȍȚȞ Ǵȕȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏ
ȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȚțȋȖ DzȖȘȖȟȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȧ ȗȖȖȉȍȡȈȓ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȖ-
Ȕț ǹȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȦ șȈȔȖȍ ȒȘțȗȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȎȐȊȠȍȍ
ȕȈ ǯȍȔȓȍ Ǫșȧ ȐȔȍȦȡȈȧșȧ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȈ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚ ǭȡȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȐ ȌȖȈȚȖȔȕȖȑ ȥȘȣ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕȈȝ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ Ȟȍȓȣȍ șȚȈȐ ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȖȊ Ǻȣ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ
— ǯȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ"
ǸȈ ǿȍȕ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ
— ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ?
— ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȗȘȖȌȍȘȎț ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȒȈȔȍȘț ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȓȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚ ȧ ȕȍ șțȔȍȦ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȈȏȈȌ
ǰȕȈȟȍ…
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ
— «ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȜȈȒȚȖȘț ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȥȕȍȘȋȍȚȐȟȍș-
ȒȐȝ ȒȖȕșȚȈȕȚ«
— ǹȊȍȚȞ
— ȖȚ ǰȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ ȖșȚȈȕțȚșȧ ȘȖȎȒȐ ȌȈ ȕȖȎȒȐ!
— Ǵȣ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǹȊȍȚȞ Ǻȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȠȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠ-
ȓȖȍ Ȋ ȔȈȓȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȘȍ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȒȐȚȈ — ȊȣȏȖȊȍȠȤ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠțȦ
— DzȈȒ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ?
— Ǵȣ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȓȐ șȗȖșȖȉ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖș-
Țȣȍ ȌȊȖȐȟȕȣȍ șȐȋȕȈȓȣ ǷȖȑȌȍȔ Ȋ ǰȕșȚȐȚțȚ ȧ ȗȖȒȈȎț
ǯȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȐȔ ȊșȓȍȌ
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465
DzȈȔȍȘȈ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȧ ȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȔȈȠȐ-
ȕȣ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǹȊȍȚȞ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȍ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȈ
ȓȍȚȈȦȡȍȔ ȒȘȍșȓȍ șȖ șȒȓȈȌȕȣȔ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȋ șȈȔȖȓȍȚȈȝ ȕȖ
ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ șȚȖȓȐȒȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȕȖȗȒȐ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȐ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒȐ Ȑ ȥȒȘȈ-
ȕȣ ș ȐȏȊȐȓȐșȚȣȔȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȕȐȧȔȐ ǵȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȋȌȍ-
ȚȖ ȕȈȌ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȍȔ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐ-
ȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȌȖȈȚȖȔȕȖȑ ȐȓȐ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕ-
șȒȖȑ ȥȘȣ ǰȕȍȘȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȓȍȕȌȈȘȤ ȕȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ
ǹȊȍȚȞ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȔȟȈȓșȧ ȕȈȌ șȊȐȕȞȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȗȖȌ ȋȘȐȜȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ ȕȍȉȖȔ ǵȍ ȉțȌȤ ȊȖȓȕ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ-
ȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȊȍȠȍȕ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț șȊȍȚȓȖȑ
ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȚȍȔȕȖȑ Ƕȕ ȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȗȐȓȖȚȍ ȏȈȌȈȊ ȊȣșȖȚț Ȋ
ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȕȈȌ țȘȖȊȕȍȔ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ șȚȘȍȓȒț ǰǵǬ
— ȐȕȌȐȒȈȚȖȘȈ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
Ƕȕ ȖȝȖȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕȈ
Ǫ ȎȐȊȖȚȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȝȖȌțȕȖȔ ǷȖȕȈȟȈȓț ǹȊȍȚȞ
ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȉȖȟȕȣȔ ȋȘȈȊȐȚȈ-
ȞȐȖȕȕȣȔ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȈȔ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǵȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȈȒ
ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ
ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȗȕ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȉțȌȍȚ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ Ȗȕ ȐșȒȈȓ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȒȖȋȖ șȖȘȖȒȈȜțȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȧȌȖȏț-
ȉȈ Ƕȕ ȖȝȖȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ǹȈ-
ȔȖȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȍ ǰ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȉȖȘ ȘȈșȗȖȏȕȈȦȡȐȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈ-
ȒȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ — ǰǵǬ
ǹȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȌȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ Ȑ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ
ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȒȐȚ" ǵȖ șȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ Ȗȗ-
ȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ șȒȖȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȊ șȐȋȕȈȓȖȊ ǹȊȍȚȞ
ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ
DzȓȐȗȍȘ ș ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȗȈȘțșȖȊ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȑ
Ȑ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȐ ȋȘȈȞȐȖȏȕȣȑ Ǫșȍ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ
Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȊȓȐȧȚȤ ȕȈ ǰǵǬ DzȈȠȈȓȖȚ — ȍȌȐ-
ȕȣȑ ȞȍȕȚȘ șȓȖȎȕȖȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ — ȊȣȏȖȊȍȚ ȗȖȝȖ-
ȎȐȑ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȐȔȗțȓȤș ȕȖ șȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȈȒ
ȌȘȖȎȈȚȤ
DzȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȍȔț șȐȋȕȈȓȖȊ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ
șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒ ǷȈȘțșȕȐȒ ȉȣȓ
ȚȈȒȐȔ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔ


466
ǹȊȍȚȞȈ ȚȖȠȕȐȓȖ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ dzțȟȠȍ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ
ǩȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȈȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȖ-șȍȘȈȧ ȊȖȌȈ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȖȗȈȌȈȓȈ ȗȖȌ
ȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȔ ȒȘȍșȓȖȔ
Ǫ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉțȌȚȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȡȍȓȒȕțȓȖ Ƕȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ǴȖȘș-
ȒȈȧ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ ǨȊȚȖȗȐȓȖȚ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȒȈȔȍȘț ȕȈ ȏȈȌȈȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȍ șȓȍȌțȧ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȊȕȐȏț Ȉ ȥȚȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȋȖȘȉȐȓȈșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȊȈȓȈȔȐ
ǵȍțȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȚ ȚȈȒ ȒȘțȚȐȚ ǹȊȍȚȞ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ
Ȑ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒȍ ȘțȟȕȖȋȖ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ǹȚȘȍȓȒȈ ǰǵǬ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȌȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȗȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌț-
ȔȈȓ ǹȊȍȚȞ Ȑ ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ ǷȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȍ
ȓȖȌȒȐ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȓȐ ǰȓȐ țȎȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȓȐ" ǵȍȚ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȏȍ
ȕȍȚǹȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȏȈșȚȣȓȈ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ
ǹȊȍȚȞ ȕȈȎȈȓ ȒȕȖȗȒț ȊȣȏȖȊȈ
ǰșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȝ ȐȔȗțȓȤșȖȊ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȓșȧ șȗȘȈȊȈ — Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȡȈȓșȧ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȓȍ-
Țȍȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ǷȘȖȌȍȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ǰȕșȚȐȚțȚ
ȚȍȔȗȖȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ șȐȋȕȈȓ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȍȚ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠțȦ ȒȈȔȍȘț șȖ șȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ȍȓȧ ȖȝȖȚȣ ȕȈ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕȈ
ǸȈ ǿȍȕ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ șȗȈșȚȐ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȐȑșȒțȦ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍ-
Ȓț ȖȚ țșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǾȍȏȈȘȍȔ ȗȖȎȈȘȈ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȗȕ ȗȖ-
șȚȘȖȐȓ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȒȈȔȍȘț ǭȍ
ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȌȐȈȜȘȈȋȔț DzȈȔȍȘț Ȗȕ
șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȏȈȋȘțȏȐȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈ ȋȖȘȍȓȈ ǴȍșȚȈ ȗȖ ȘȈș-
ȟȍȚȈȔ ȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȉȣ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ șȊȐȚȒȖȊ Ȑ ȌȊțȝ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ ȉȐȉ-
ȓȐȖȚȍȒ
DzȈȔȍȘȈ ȖȉȖȠȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ — ȜȐȕȈȕșȐȘȖȊȈȓȖ
ȍȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ 
ȋȖȌȈ ȌȖȈȚȖȔȕȖȑ ȐȓȐ  ȋȖȌȈ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȖȑ ȥȘȣ DzȕȐȋȐ șȋȖ-
ȘȍȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȐȐ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȐȔȐ ȐȓȐ
ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒȖȊ
ǷȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȊȈȓ șȓȖȔȐȓ ȉȣ ȓȦȉȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ǵȖ ǸȈ ǿȍȕ
ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ ȥȚȖȚ țȌȈȘ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȍȗțȚȈȞȐȐ
ǷȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ Ȑȏ ǯȖȖȗȈȘȒȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ǹȊȍȚȞț ȗȘȖȟȐȍ
ȕȖȊȖȊȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ
— Ǵȣ ȖșȕȈșȚȐȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȒȈȔȍȘț ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȉȓȈșȚȍȘȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȈȕȚȐȋȘȈȊȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȔȐ ȐȏȓțȟȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ǻȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȐȔȐ


467
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȐșȚȈȕȞȐȖȕȕȖ ǩțȌȤ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȐ ȗȖȌ ȓțȟ ȉȓȈ-
șȚȍȘȈ DzȈȠȈȓȖȚȈ Ȗȕ țȉȤȍȚ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ Ȉ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ —
ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ǬȘțȋȐȝ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔ ț Țȍȉȧ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȕțȚȤ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ț ǹȊȍȚȞȈ Ȑ ȏȈșȖșȈȓȖ ȗȖȌȓ ȓȖȎȍȟȒȖȑ
— ǫȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȕȖȊȠȍșȚȊȖ — ȒȕȖȗȒȈ ȊȣȏȖȊȈ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȠȓȍȚ ȕȈȔ
șȐȋȕȈȓ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȔ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȘȈșȠȐȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȒȈȔȍȘț ǷȖșȈȌȐȔ ȍȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚȈȝ ȖȚ Țȍȉȧ ȅȚȖ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ
ǹȊȍȚȞ DzȈȏȕȈȟȍȑșȚȊȖ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȓȖ ȕȈȠ ȚȍȒțȡȐȑ ȉȦȌȎȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ
Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȌȖȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȈ
ǹȊȍȚȞ ȒȐȊȕțȓ
— ǹȗȍȘȊȈ țȉȍȌȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȈ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ țȎȍ Ȋȣ-
ȏȣȊȈȑ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȒȈȔȍȘț
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤȦ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȧȔȐ ȘȈȕȍȍ ǹȊȍȚȞ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ
ȏȈ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȔ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȝ ȐȔȗțȓȤșȖȊ ǹȐȋȕȈȓ ȉȣȓ
ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȔȖȡȕȣȑ ǭȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȐșȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȍ șțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȊȏȘȖșȓȖȋȖ șȈȔȞȈ-ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȈ
Ǫ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ șȗȘȈȊȈ șȖȚȒȈȓȈșȤ ȚȍȕȤ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȜȖȘ-
Ȕȣ ȍȍ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ șȍȘȖ-ȋȖȓțȉȈȧ șȜȍȘȈ ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȈȕȚȐ-
ȋȘȈȊȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȐȏȓțȟȈȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȉȓȈșȚȍȘȣ ǷȘȖȚȐȊȖ-
ȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ șȜȍȘȣ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȘȈșȚȊȖ-
ȘȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ țȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ȕȐȟȚȖ
ȅȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗțȋȈȓȖ ǹȊȍȚȞȈ Ȋ ȔȈȠȐȕȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǩțȌ-
ȚȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȠȤ ȏȈ țȋȖȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍȚ
ǹȊȍȚȞ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖȋȕȈȓ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȐȔȗțȓȤșȖȊ ǰșȗȖȓȤȏțȧ ȌȐ-
șȚȈȕȞȐȖȕȕȖȍ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȈȕȚȐȋȘȈȊȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ
ȐȏȓțȟȈȚȍȓȐ ȊȕȐȏ
ǰșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȗȘȐȞȍȓȍ Ƕȕ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȐȏȓțȟȈȚȍȓȐ ǬȈȚ-
ȟȐȒȐ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȊȏȊȣȓȐ
dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ǫȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȈșșȐȊȕȣȔ,
ȟȍȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ǹȊȍȚȞ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ ȔȖȡȕȖșȚȐ ǹȚȘȍȓȒȈ ǰǵǬ
ȖȚȒȓȖȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ — ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ
ǪȖȌȈ ȊșȗțȟȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ ȈȕȚȐȋȘȈȊȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ
ȐȏȓțȟȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȚȍȕȤ
dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȓ
ǶȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍ Țȍ"


468
ǺȘȍȗȍȡțȡȐȑ șȜȍȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȊȖȌȧȕȖȑ ȗțȏȣȘȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ șȖ-
ȌȘȖȋȈȧșȤ Ȑȏ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕ
ǩȣȓ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȔȍȡȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗțȏȣȘȍ ǺȈȒȖȋȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ ȔȈșșȐȊȕȍȑ ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȘȈȏ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȍȍ Ƕȕ ȕȐȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤȕțȦ ȜȐȋțȘȒț Ƕȕ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȏȔȍȧ ș ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȠțȑȒȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȔ
șȖ ȡȐȚ ȊȐȒȐȕȋȈ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȗȤȧȔ
Ȑȏ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖșȚȐ ǺȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ȡȍȓȒȈȓȐ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ
ȘȈșȗȈȝȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȧșȤ Ȓ ǹȊȍȚȞț Ȗȕ ȒȖȘȟȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȍȋȖ Ȋȣ-
ȗțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȐșȒȈȓȐ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒȖȔț țȕȐȎȍȕȐȦ
ǹȊȍȚȞ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȓ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ Ȑ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǵȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ȕȐ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȉȣȓ ȉȐȉȓȍȑșȒȐȑ
dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕ ǹȈȔȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ Ȑȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȊ-
ȠȐȝ Ȋ ȊȖȌȈȝ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȍ Ȑ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȍ
ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ șȚȈȓȖ șȐȕȖȕȐȔȖȔ ȊșȍȋȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȒȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȔȍ-
ȓȈ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȖȍ șȝȖȌșȚȊȖ ș ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȖȔ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȒȈ-
ȠȈȓȖȚ
ǺȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖȋȘȖȔȍȕ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȔȍȘȣ
ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȧ
ǸțȒȈ ǹȊȍȚȞȈ ȏȈșȚȣȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ — Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ țșȚȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȍ șțȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȘȈȟȒȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ Ȗ
ȟȍȔ-ȓȐȉȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ
ǯȊȍȘȤ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ǭȋȖ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ȖȗȖȧșȣȊȈȓȈ șȜȍȘȈ ȕȍ-
ȊȍșȖȔȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȌȖȎȌȍȔ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕ Ȑ ȠȈȘ ȕȍȗȘȍ-
ȘȣȊȕȖ țȔȍȕȤȠȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȝ ǵȖȏȌȘȐ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȘȈȏȌțȊȈȓȐșȤ —
Ȗȕ ȧȊȕȖ ȌȣȠȈȓ ȓȍȋȒȐȔȐ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȒȐȚȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȏȕȣȔ
Ƕȕ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ȗȈșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ǹȊȍȚȞț
ǸȧȌȣ ȏțȉȖȊ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ șȓȖȕȖȊȤȐȔ ȉȐȊȕȧȔ ǩȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ Ȑ
ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑȋȓȣ ǹȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ
ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ șȊȍȘȝț Ȑ șȕȐȏț
Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȗȕ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȏȈȎȔțȘȐȓșȧ
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǿȍȓȦșȚȐ ȕȍ șȖȔȒȕțȓȐșȤ ǹȐȌȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ǹȊȍȚȞ șȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȏțȉȈ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ șȒȘȍȎȍȚȈȓȐ Ȗ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔțȦ ȖȉȖȓȖȟ-


469
Ȓț ȒȈȔȍȘȣ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȧ Ȗ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȓ
ǹȊȍȚȞ șȕȖȊȈ șȔȖȋ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ. ǷțșȚȤ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ș ȗț-
șȚȖȑ ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȘȖȑ ȗțșȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȉȘțȠȐȚșȧ ȋȕȍȊ
ǸȈ ǿȍȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȓțȟȠȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȖȚȒȓȦ-
ȟȐȓ ȈȕȚȐȋȘȈȊȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȐȏȓțȟȈȚȍȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȘȣ ȘȈș-
ȠȐȘȍȕȐȧ
ǴȍȚȈȓȓ ȏȈȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȓ Ȗ ȔȍȚȈȓȓ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȏȈȗȈȝ
ȋȖȘȍȓȖȋȖ ȔȈșȓȈ ǷȖ ȗțȓȤȚț țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ
ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȐȏȓțȟȈȚȍȓȐ
DzȘȈșȕȣȍ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȕȍȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȋȈșȕțȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕțȦ ȖȉȠȐȊȒț ǹȊȍȚȞ șȓȣȠȈȓ șȒȘȍȎȍȚ ȏț-
ȉȖȊ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖȋȘȣȏȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȗțȚȤ Ȋ ȒȈȔȍȘț.
ǷȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȊȍșȖȔ ȒȈȔȍȘȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȖȚșȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȑ
ȟȈșȚȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǷȘȖȐȏȖȑȌȐ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȉȣ
Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ Ȋ șȖȚȕȍ ȔȐȓȤ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ǹȓȖȔȈȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȔȍȘȈ ȘȈș-
ȠȐȘȍȕȐȧ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ țȌȍȘȎȈȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ Ȉ ȊȕȐȏț ȍȋȖ ȎȌȈȓȐ
ȉȣ ȏțȉȣ ȘȈȏȢȧȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ǵȍȚ ȈȕȚȐȋȘȈȊȐ-
ȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȐȏȓțȟȈȚȍȓȐ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȖȚȒȓȦȟȈȚȤ
ǵȖ ȐȏȓțȟȈȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȘȍ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȉ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȔȐȕțȚ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȕȍ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȒȈȔȍȘȈ ȐșȟȍȏȕȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȍȚ dzȍ-
ȊȐȈȜȈȕț ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ"
©ȇ ȖȚȗțȋȕț ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȉȓȈșȚȍȘȈ», — ȘȍȠȐȓ ǹȊȍȚȞ
ǵȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȕȨȉȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȊȕȐȏț ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ
Ȍȍșȕȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȊȖȒȘțȋ — ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȋȕțȚȣȍ
ȒȓȣȒȐ ǴȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȏțȉȖȊ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ
ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȒȈȔȍȘț Ȑ ȉȈȚȈȘȍȦ ȉȓȈșȚȍȘȖȊ ț ȌȊȍȘȐ Ƕȕ
ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȈȊȍȓ ȉȓȈșȚȍȘȣ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕȈ
©ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȧ ș țȔȈ șȖȠȍȓ"ª — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ǹȊȍȚȞ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȓ
ȉȓȈșȚȍȘȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǪȣȗȈȓȐȊ ȗȖ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕț Ȗȕ Ȑ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȚ ȗȖȌ țȌȈȘ
Ǩ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȒȈȔȍȘț.
ǹȊȍȚȞ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȓȖȊțȠȒȍ
ǵȍȚ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ șȖ ȊșȗȣȠȒȖȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ Ƕȕ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
șȗȈșȚȐ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǸȣȟȈȋ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȌȈ ȊȣȘȊȍȚ ȔȈȓțȦ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȘț ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȧ Ȑȏ ȏțȉȖȊ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȚ ȍȍ Ȋ ȗȖȚȖȒ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ ǰȕșȚȐȚțȚ ǯȈȌȈȕȐȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȍȕȖ ȕȖ


470
șȔȖȋțȚ ȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȐȕȐȚȤ" ǷȖȟȍȔț ǸȈ ǿȍȕ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ
țȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȍȔ ȗȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔ
ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȈ"
©ǪȖ ȊșȍȔ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚ ǸȈ ǿȍȕª — Ȋșȓțȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǹȊȍȚȞ Ȑ ȗȖ-
Țȧȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȘȣȟȈȋț ǭȋȖ ȘțȒȈ ȏȈșȚȣȓȈ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
©ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȍȔț ȥȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤª — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ǹȊȍȚȞ ǸȈ ǿȍȕ ȕȈ-
ȊȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ țȎȈș
ǹȒȘȍȎȍȚ ȏțȉȖȊ ȗȖ ȖȉȠȐȊȒȍ ȒȈȔȍȘȣ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ Țȍ-
ȓȍ
©ǵȍ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȌȈȊȈȚȤșȧ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ǹȊȍȚȞ —
ǵȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȍșȚȤ ȊȣȝȖȌ».
ǴȍȎȌț ȏțȉȖȊ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȈȕȚȐȋȘȈȊȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȐȏȓțȟȈȚȍȓȐ.
ǹȊȍȚȞ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȑȝ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȓțȟȐ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȒȈșȈȓȐșȤ
ȒȈȔȍȘȣ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȧ ǭșȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ
ǹȊȍȚȞ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕț Ȗȕ ȖȡțȡȈȓ șȍȉȧ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ
Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ ȉȈȓȍȚȕȣȑ ȚȈȕȞȖȘ Ǩ ȍș-
ȓȐ ȚȖȟȕȍȍ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐ ȜȖȒțș
ǯțȉȣ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȏȈșȒȘȍȎȍȚȈȓȐ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț Ȑ ȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȊȍȚ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ
dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȓȣȓ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝț Ƕȕ șȊȐșȈȓ ȊȕȐȏ ȌȍȘ-
ȎȈșȤ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȒȈȔȍȘț ǨȕȚȐȋȘȈȊȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȓțȟȐ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ
ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȍȔț țȗȈșȚȤ ȕȖ ȏȈ șȟȍȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȘȈșȠȐȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȒȈȔȍȘț ȊȊȍȘȝ
ǿțȌȖȊȐȡț ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ ǭșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
ǪȖȌȕȣȑ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ
ȚȍȓȈ ǯțȉȈȔȐ ǭȋȖ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ȒȖȕȟȐȒ
ȝȊȖșȚȈ ȟțȚȤ ȗȖȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȓșȧ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ
— ǶȚȗțșȚȐ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǹȊȍȚȞ — ǶȚȗțșȚȐ șȓȣȠȐȠȤ ȟț-
ȌȐȡȍ!
ǯțȉȣ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕȈ șȖ șȒȘȍȎȍȚȖȔ șȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȐ ș ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ
ȖȉȠȐȊȒȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȊȕȐȏ
ǹȊȍȚȞ ȖȗȖȏȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȦ șȍȒțȕȌȣ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȓȦȟȐȓ Ȉȕ-
ȚȐȋȘȈȊȐȚȈȞȐȦ ȗȖ ȒȈȔȍȘȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȗȓȣȓ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȋȖȘȍȓȖȋȖ ȔȈș-
ȓȈ ǵȈ ȗțȓȤȚȍ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȐșȤ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȖ
ȋȈșȕțȚȤ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ
dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕ Șțȝȕțȓ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ș ȋȘȖȔȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ǭȋȖ
ȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ ȋȐȉȒȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȕȈ șȗȐȕț ȊșȗȓȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȍ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȝȊȖșȚ ȏȈȠȍȊȍȓȐȓșȧ,


471
Ȑ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕ ȎȐȊ
— ȇ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ Țȍȉȧ ȗȘȐȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ǹȊȍȚȞ —
ǵȈȊȍșȚȐ ȕȈ Țȍȉȧ ȉȓȈșȚȍȘȣ Ȑ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ Țȣ ȕȍ șȌȖȝȕȍȠȤ ǪȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ
ǵȈ ȗȖȐșȒȐ ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȈ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȅȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȚ ǬȈȎȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȕȖ ȍșȓȐ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȌȍșȧȚȤ
ȔȐȕțȚ ș ȗȖȓȤȏȖȑ
ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȊȏȔȈȝȕțȓ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȗȓȣȓ ȗȘȖȟȤ Ƕȋȓȧ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ǹȊȍȚȞȈ Ȋ ȧȘȖșȚȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ȗȈșȚȤ Ȑ ȗțșȚȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȉȍȋșȚȊȖ
— ǴȐȕțȚȒț — ȝȘȐȗȓȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǹȊȍȚȞ — ǶȌȕț ȔȐȕțȚȒț
ȘȈȏȌȍȘȐ ȚȊȖȦ ȕȈțȒț
ǰ Ȗȕ ȕȈȊȍȓ ȉȓȈșȚȍȘȣ ȕȈ ȞȍȓȤ
ǺȧȋȖȚȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȈȔȍȘȍ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȧ ȊȍȓȖ șȍȉȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ DzȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȒȈȔȍȘȈ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ©ȕȐȏª ȖȏȕȈȟȈȓ ȓȦȉȖȍ ȕȈȗ-
ȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȚ ȞȍȕȚȘȈ ȒȈȔȍȘȣ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȘȈșȗȓȈșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȐȏȖȋȕț-
ȚȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ Ƕȕ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȌȖȎȌȈȓșȧ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȧ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ
ǴȖȘșȒȈȧ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ — ȕȐȟȚȖ ȗȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȦ ș ȚȖȠȕȖȚȖȑ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘțȦ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ǵȍȊȍșȖȔȖșȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȚȧȋȖȚȍȕȐȍ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȗȖȠȈȚȣ-
ȊȈȧșȤ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ
ǸȈ ǿȍȕ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȋ ȍȔț ȊȣȑȚȐ
— ǷȖȑȔȈȓ?
— dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕȈ" ǵȍȚ șȥȘ — ǹȊȍȚȞ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȔȐȔȖ ȠȍȜȈ —
ǫȌȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȒȈȔȍȘȈ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȧ"
— Ǵȣ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȔ ȍȍ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȐȕȐȔȐ-
ȏȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȉȖȟȕȣȍ ȋȘȈȊȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ
ȕȍ șțȔȍȓ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȒȐȚȈ…
— ȇ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șțȔȍȓ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕȈ.
— ǺȈȒ ȒȖȋȖ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ" — ȘȧȊȒȕțȓ ǸȈ ǿȍȕ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— Ǻȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ"
ǷȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȍȡȍ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— Ǻȣ țȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ" ǯȈȟȍȔ ǹȊȍȚȞ" ǷȘȖșȚȖ șȖ ȏȓȈ"
— ǵȍȚ șȥȘ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȈȔȣȑ ȘȈȏțȔȕȣȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȧ
șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ


472
— ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț" dzȈȌȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȈȎȕȖ ǹȊȍȚȞ ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȘȈ
Ǫ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȖșȚȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ șȋțȡȈȚȤșȧ
șȍȘȖ-ȋȖȓțȉȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ
— DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȚȈȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȅȑ Ȋȣ ȐȌȐȖȚȣ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȤȚȍ Ȋ
ȒȈȔȍȘț ȈȕȚȐȋȘȈȊȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȓțȟ ǽȖȚȐȚȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȘȈȏȌȈ-
ȊȐȓȖ"
ǰȏ ȚȍȕȐ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȒȈȔȍȘȈ ǸȈ ǿȍȕ ȊȏȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ-
ȌȈȊȈȧ șȐȋȕȈȓ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ
Ǫ ȒȈȔȍȘȍ ȊȐșȍȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȐșȗȖȓȐȕșȒȖȍ ǶȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ
ȕȈ ȘȈȏȢȧȘȍȕȕțȦ ȉȍȓțȦ ȋȖȘț Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȖ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȚȍ-
ȓȍȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ Ȑ ȏȓȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ ǶȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȓȖșȤ
ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ǸȈ ǿȍȕȈ ȕȖ ȕȍ țȔȍȓȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝț
ǵȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȐȧȓȈ ȘȈȏȖȌȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȗțșȚȈȧ ȋȓȈȏ-
ȕȐȞȈ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȘȈșșȍȟȍȕ ǫȘȖȔȈȌȕȈȧ ȔȓȍȟȕȖ-
ȉȍȓȈȧ șȗȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ țșȍȧȕȈ ȘțȉȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȏȌțȚȣȔȐ ȠȘȈȔȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȞȍȓȣȔ ȓȍșȖȔ șȓȖȔȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ ǯȈ ȖȉȓȖȔȈȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȋȈȘȗțȕȈȔȐ ȊȖȓȖȟȐȓȐșȤ ȓȐȕȐ ǪȣșȖȒȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȒț ȗȘȐȚȧȕț-
Țȣȑ Ȓ ȒȐȚț ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ șȗțȚȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȕȧȔȐ ȊȐșȍȓ ȚȘțȗ
ȖȌȕȖȕȖȋȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧȒȈ
— ǵȍ șȒȈȎȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȊȍȘȤ Ȋ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ — ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȐȓ ǸȈ ǿȍȕ
— ǶșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȥȘ ȅȚȖ țȉȐȑȞȈ ȇ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐ
ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȓȈșȚȍȘȣ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȚȈȘȈȕȐȓ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȗȐȓ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ
— ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ țșȗȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ Ǻȍȉȍ ȗȖ-
ȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȍȏȍȚ ǹȊȍȚȞ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȧ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ"
— ǬȍȓȖ ȕȍ Ȋ ȊȍȏȍȕȐȐ șȥȘ ȇ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ șȈȔȖȍ ȘȈȏțȔȕȖȍ Șȍ-
ȠȍȕȐȍ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ
— Ǻȣ țȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ǻȣ țȉȐȓ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕȈ
— ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ țȗȓȣȊȈȓ — ȏȈȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ ǹȊȍȚȞ — ȇ ȝȖ-
Țȍȓ ȍȋȖ țȉȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȇ țȎȍ
șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ȚțȚ ȏȔȍȑ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȖșȒȈȓȐȓ
ȏțȉȣ ǺȈȒȐȍ ȏțȉȣ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ț ȝȐȡȕȐȒȖȊ ǶȕȐ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏ-
ȕȈȟȍȕȣ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȍȓȧ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ șȥȘ ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȇșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȝȐȡȕȐȒ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈ ȔȖȋ ȗȐ-
ȚȈȚȤșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ
— ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ ǩȓȍșȚȧȡȍ ǹȊȍȚȞ


473
— ǩȣȓȐ Ȑ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ. Ǫ ȝȖȌȍ Ȑșșȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ Ȗ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ-
șȒȐȝ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȧȝ ǰ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȕȣȝ ȋȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȑ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ȗȖșȚȈȚȖȔȕȖȑ ȥȘȣ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȍȕȖ ǷȖȟȍȔț"
— ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȏȔȍȐ ȚȐȝȖ ȊȣȔȍȘȓȐ ȌȊțȔȧ șȚȖȓȍ-
ȚȐȧȔȐ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȐȚȖȉȖȐ ȐșȚȘȍȉȐȓȐ ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȖȊ ǰȔ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȍșȚȤ
ǹȊȍȚȞ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ
— ǺȖȟȕȖ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕ țȗȓȣȊȈȓ ȧ ȕȈȊȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȓȈșȚȍȘȣ Ȑ
ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȘȐȞȍȓȍ ȗȖȒȈ ǰǵǬ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȔȍȘȚȊ
ȇ ȘȈșșțȌȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȚȈȔ ȖȝȖȚȐȓșȧ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȗȖȉȓȐ-
ȏȖșȚȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȣ
— ǰ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȍ ȐȔȗțȓȤșȣ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕȈ ȔȈșȒȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ Ȑȝ șȐȋ-
ȕȈȓȣ
— ǪȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ ȐșȗțșȚȐȓ Ȍțȝ ǰǵǬ ȏȈșȍȒ
ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȐȋȕȈȓ ȇ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȓ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒț
ǹȊȍȚȞ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȈ DzȐȚȈ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȘȈșȠȐȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȘȣ
— ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ șȗțșȚȧ ȌȊȖȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕ șȕȖȊȈ șȚȖȧȓȐ ț ȚȖȓ-
șȚȖȑ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ
— Ǵȣ ȊȏȧȓȐ ț ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȈ ȖȉȘȈȏȞȣ Ȍȓȧ ȒȓȖȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȖȚȌȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȊȐȊȈȘȐȑ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǸȈ
ǿȍȕ — ǮȈȓȤ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȈȓȤȉȐȕȖ-
șȖȔǶȕ ȖȚȔȈȝȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȖȊ ǹȊȍȚȞȈ
— ǯȕȈȦ ȏȕȈȦ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȈȓȖ
ǶȌȕȖȋȓȈȏȣȑ ȒȐȚ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȚȍȒȓȈ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȔțȚ-
ȕțȦ ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȊȖȌț ǽȐȘțȘȋȐ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȓȐ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȋȈȘȗțȕȣ,
ȕȖ ȠȘȈȔȣ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ Ȑ ȉȖȒȈȝ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ș
ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȖȔ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȊȖȍȊȈȓ ș ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ" ǪȍȒȈ" DzȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȎȐȊțȚ ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚȣ"
ǸȈ ǿȍȕ ȗȖȕȐȏȐȓ ȋȖȓȖș:


— ǵȈȔ ȊșȍȔ ȌȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȍșȓȐ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ țȏ-
ȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȗȖȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȘȈȏȔȍ-
ȘȈȔȐ ȟȍȔ ȒȈȠȈȓȖȚ Ǻȣ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ ǹȊȍȚȞ"
— ǬȈ șȥȘ
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
ǸȈ ǿȍȕ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕțȦ șȚȍȕț ǯȈ
ȕȍȑ ȉȍșȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ȖȋȕȍȌȣȠȈȡȐȑ ȧȌȖȏțȉ Ǩ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ — ȒȖȕȤ Ƕȕ
ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ǸȈ ǿȍȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȊȐȚȖȑ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȘȖȋ ȊȖ
ȓȉț
— ǪșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ Ȕȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
ǸȈ ǿȍȕ — ǷȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ…
«ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȍ" ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Țȣ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȍȑ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ
ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȍª — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ǹȊȍȚȞ
— Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ȗȖșȚȈȚȖȔȕȖȑ ȥȘȣ Ȕȣ
ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧȝ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȐ" ǰȝ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ǵȖ ȌȖ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ȗȖșȚ-
ȈȚȖȔȕȖȑ ȥȘȣ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȟȐșȚȍȑȠȍȑ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈȏȐȍȑ ȅȚȈ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȓȈ ȊșȍȔț ȟȚȖ țȟȍȕȣȍ șȟȐ-
ȚȈȓȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȕȈȘțȠȈȓȈ ȓȖȋȐȒț ȗȘȐȕȞȐ-
ȗȣ șȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ Ȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȌȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȧ ǶȕȈ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȓȈ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȏȈȒȖȕ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȋȌȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧȊ-
ȓȧȓȖșȤ ȟȈșȚȤȦ țȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȧ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȧ ȚȍȖȘȐȦ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ǸȈ ǿȍȕ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— ǪșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȏȈȗțșȒȈȍȔ ȒȈȔȍȘț ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȧ Ȋ
ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ
ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȐȘ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț Țȣ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȠȤ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȝ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȍȊ Ȑ ȖȋȕȍȌȣȠȈȡȐȝ«
— ǭȘțȕȌȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǹȊȍȚȞ
Ƕȕ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȠȍȜȈ ȟȚȖ ȚțȚ șȗȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȊșȍȔț ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȍȓ
— ǷȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ — ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ ș ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȖ-
ȏȊȈȓșȧ ǸȈ ǿȍȕ — ǪȖȏȤȔȐ Ȕȍșȧȟȕȣȑ ȖȚȗțșȒ ǹȊȍȚȞ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ —
ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȗȚȐȞț.
— ǷȚȐȞț" — țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ǹȊȍȚȞ ȅȚȖ ȏȊțȟȈȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ
ȉȍȏȖȉȐȌȕȖ — ǭȔț ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȗȈȓȈșȤ ȌȍȚșȒȈȧ ȒȕȐȎȒȈ ș ȒȈȘȚȐȕ-
ȒȈȔȐ?
— ǪȍȘȕȖ ǹȓȣȝȈȓ Ȗ ȗȚȐȞȍ Ǹțȝ"


ǽȞȖșȜȔȓțȖȭ


ǿ dzȢȖȚȜȐ
©ǺǼǾǿǸǶdz ǵǺdzǶª


477
Ƕ ©ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȧȝª ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȐȌțȚ țȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȖ-
ȓȍȚȐȑ Ȑ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȈțȒȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ
ȕȍ șȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȚ ȎȐȊțȦ ȐȓȐ ȔȍȘȚ-
ȊțȦ ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȏȔȍȦ Ȋ ȈȒȊȈȘȐțȔȍ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ Ȕțȏȍȍ
ǷȖȒȈ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤșȧ șȗȖȘȕȣȔȐ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȈȔȐ ©ȖȟȍȊȐȌȞȍȊª
ǿțȚȤ ȕȍ ȍȎȍȋȖȌȕȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȣ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ ȉȖȘȖȏȌȧȡȐȝ ǨȚ-
ȓȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȒȍȈȕ șȖȖȉȡȈȦȚ Ȗ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȔȖȘȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ șțȡȍșȚȊȈȝ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȝ șȖȉȖȦ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ-
șȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȑ ȕȖ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȖ
Ǫ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȣ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȝ ©ȏȔȍȑª
ȕȍțȒȓȖȕȕȖ țȔȍȕȤȠȈȦȚșȧ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȣ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ șȖȚ-
ȕȐ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ șȖȚȕȐ — Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȍȞ Ȍ-Ș ǩȈȘȠ ȗȖȓȈ-
ȋȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ©ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȏȔȍȐª — ȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȍ șȗȘț-
Țȣ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȐ
©ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț — ȗȐȠȍȚ ǩȈȘȠ — ȇ ȒȘȍȑșȐȘȖȊȈȓ
ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȉȖȚȐȒȍ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ǩȖȘȕȍȖ ǴȖȘȍ ȉȣȓȖ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ǪȌȘțȋ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȖȚ
ȐșȗțȋȈ Ȑ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȇ ȊȗȍȘȐȓ ȊȏȖȘ ȚțȌȈ Ȏȍ ȒțȌȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȚȈȒ-
Ȏȍ ȏȈȔȍȘ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ǵȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ ȧșȕȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȍ
ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȔ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȍȚȓȐ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȐ
ȇ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ șȚȈȧ ȌȍȓȤ-
ȜȐȕȖȊ ȊȣȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȊȠȐȝ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȌȖȋȖȕȧȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ.
ǷȘȖȜȈȕ ȐȓȐ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ
ȥȚț ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞț ȏȈ ȏȔȍȦª
ǪȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȏȔȍȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȈȚȤ Ȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋ ǪȍȓȐȟȐȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȈ ǰȔȍȦȚșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ Ȗȉ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ Ȋ  ȜțȚ Ȑ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȋ 
ȜțȚ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȥȒȏȍȔȗ-
ȓȧȘȣ ǷȓȈȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȘȧ ȠȍȊȍȓȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȡțȗȈȓȤ-
ȞȈȔȐ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȖȑȚȐ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȏȈ ȔȖȘșȒțȦ
ȏȔȍȦ
©ǸțȒȐª ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȈ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȣ ȗȘȐșȖșȒȈȔȐ ȌȈȦȡȐȔȐ Ȋȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȘȖșȠȍȑ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȔȖȘȌȣ ȏȈ ȒȈȒțȦ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ
ǬȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȋȐȗȖȚȍȏȣ Ȗȉ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȍ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ©ȏȔȍȦª ȊȐȌȧȚ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ Ȋ Țȍȝ Ȏȍ ȔȍșȚȈȝ


478
ȋȌȍ ȎȐȊțȚ Ȑ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȐ — ȥȚȖ șȍȊȍȘȕȣȍ ȠȐȘȖȚȣ ǨȚȓȈȕȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ
ɂɡɞɚɥɢ ɳɭɩɚɥɶɰɚ ɝɢɝɚɧɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɶɦɢɧɨɝɚ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɢ
©ɦɨɪɫɤɭɸ ɡɦɟɸª«
ǪșȚȘȍȟț ș ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȔ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȖȔ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚ
ȟȓȍȕ dzȖȕȌȖȕșȒȖȑ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȐ ȕȈțȒ ȅȘȐȒ ǷȖȕȚȖȒȕȐȏȈȕ Ȋ ©ǭșȚȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ǵȖȘȊȍȋȐȐª Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȐȌȍȚ ȖȚ
ȓȐȞȈ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȈ ȅȌȎȍȌȈ Ȋ ǫȘȍȕȓȈȕȌȐȐ ©Ǫ  ȋ -ȋȖ ȐȦ-
ȓȧ — ȗȐȠȍȚ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘ ȅȌȎȍȌ — ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȉȖȚȈ ȗȖȧȊȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȘȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȍȍ
șȊȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȌȖ ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȔȈȟȚ
ǶȕȖ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȗȓȖșȒțȦ ȔȖȘȌț Ȑ ȉȘȣȏȋȈȓȖ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȒȐȚ
ǺȍȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȟȍȠțȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȐșȚȖ Ȑ țȋȓȖȊȈȚȖ Ȑ
ȏȈȌȕȧȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȈȧ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȒțȊȣȘȒ-
ȕțȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȝȊȖșȚ ǷȖȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȐȝȈȧ Ǫșȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ
ȖșȚȖȓȉȍȕȍȓȐ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ ț ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȉȣȓȖ
ȌȊȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȈ ȚȖȓșȚȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ țȏȒȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǬȓȐȕȖȑ
ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȈȉȍȓȤȚȖȊȈ ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȏȔȍȧ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȖȉȖȕȧȕȐȍ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȉȖȉȘȖȊ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȔȖȘȧȒȐ
Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȦȚșȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ț șȍȉȧ ȕȈ șțȌȕȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȕȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȦ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈª
Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȈȕȈ ș ȊȣȔȣș-
ȓȖȔ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ  ȒȈȉȍȓȤȚȖȊ ȌȓȐȕȣ — ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȐ
— ȚȖȎȍ ȉȖȧȏȕȤ ȉȖȉȘȖȊ — ȚȈȒȎȍ ǪșȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȍȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȅȌ-
ȎȍȌ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȋȖ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȈ
dzȍȚȖȗȐșȤ ȔȖȘȧ ȏȈșȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓțȟȈȍȊ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȑȕȣȍ


Ɇɨɪɫɤɨɟ ɱɭɞɨɜɢɳɟ ɩɨɞɧɹɥɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɞɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɦɚɱɬɵ«
ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔȐ ȌȖ  ȜțȚȖȊ ǯȈȘȍȋȐșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ șȓțȟȈȐ
ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑȝ ȕȈ șțȌȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȗȖȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȣ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚțȋȈȓȤșȒȖȑ ȉțȝ-
Țȍ ©DzȖȕȞȍȗșȐȖȕª ǬȊȈ ȊȣȠȍȌȠȐȍ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȘȣȉȈȒȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ
ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȍȘȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȦȡȍ-
ȋȖ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȐȓȐ țȚȖȕțȊȠȍȋȖ ȖșȚȖȊȈ șțȌȕȈ ǷȖȌȗȓȣȊ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
ȖȕȐ ȚȒȕțȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȋȖȑ ǷȈȘțș ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓ ȊȖ-
Ȍț Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ Ȋȣșțȕțȓșȧ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ț ȗȖȗțȋȈȧ ȒȓȦȊ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȔ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȠȓȦȗȒț Ȑ ȒȈȟȕțȓ ȍȍ ȕȈȉȖȒ ǯȈȚȍȔ
ȌȊȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȖȉȊȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȠȓȦȗȒț ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȘȣȉȈȒȖȊ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȚȖȗȖȘ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȘțȉȐȚȤ
Ȑȝ ȗȖșȓȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȕȣȘȕțȓȖ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕț ǶȚ-
ȘțȉȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȍ ȘȣȉȈȒȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȑ ȖȕȖ ȗȖȗȈ-
ȓȖ Ȋ Ȕțȏȍȑ ǹȍȕ-ǬȎȖȕșȈ ǬȓȐȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȊȕȧȓȈșȤ  ȜțȚȈȔ ȞȊȍȚ
ȉȣȓ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȘȖȏȖȊȣȑ ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ Ȑ ȋȐȉȒȖ
ǴȐȘȖȊțȦ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȖȗȐ-
șȈȕȐȍ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȐșȗȖȓȐȕșȒȐȔ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȖșȤ-
ȔȐȕȖȋȖȔ Ȋ ȘȖȔȈȕȍ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȈ ǫȦȋȖ — ©ǺȘțȎȍȕȐȒȐ ȔȖȘȧª


ȍȞȜȟșȎȐ DZȜșȜȐȎțȜȐ
DZDzdz ǴǶǰdzȀ ©ǺǼǾǿǸǼǷ ǵǺdzǷª"


481
Ǵȣ ȎȐȊȍȔ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȊȖȗ-
ȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȡȍȌȘȖ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȊșȦȌț ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ.
ǩ ȅȑȊȍȓȤȔȈȕș
DzȊȈȘȚȐȘȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ǷȖ șȚȍȕȍ Ȑȏ-
ȊȐȊȈȓȈșȤ țȏȖȘȟȈȚȈȧ ȠȒțȘȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȗȐȚȖȕȈ ǵȈ ȗȖȓȒȈȝ Șȧ-
ȌȖȔ ș ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȚȐșȕȍȕȖȑ ȒȖȎȐ ȒȖȘȍȠȒȈȔȐ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȝ ȒȕȐȋ
ȗȖȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ǺțȚ Ȏȍ
ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐ-
Ȟȣ ǨȓȐȒȐ ǪȈȚȚȖ ȀȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȖȒȕȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ǹȍȕț ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȑ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ ȅȑȜȍȓȍȊȈ ȉȈȠȕȧ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȈȕȖȘȈ-
ȔȈ ȗȈȘȐȎșȒȐȝ ȒȘȣȠ Ȋ Țț ȗȖȘț ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ Țț-
ȗȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȖȑ ȕȍȉȖșȒȘȍȉȈ ǴȖȕȗȈȘȕȈș ǽȖȏȧȐȕ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȣȑ ș ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȑ ȔȖȌȕȖȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȚȘȐȎȒȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ
ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ — ȕȈ șȗȖȘȚșȔȍȕȈ Ȉ ș țȟȍȚȖȔ ȠȒț-
Șȣ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȗȖȊ — ȕȈ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈ ǷȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ
ȗȖȎȈȓ ȘțȒț ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ
— ǩȍȘȕȈȘ ȅȑȊȍȓȤȔȈȕș«
ǺȈȒ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ȧ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș-
ȕȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ șȔȍȓȣȔ țȟȍȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȔ DzȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ǩȘȦșșȍȓȍ ǩȍȓȤȋȐȍȞ ȗȖ ȕȈȞȐȖ-
ȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȅȑȊȍȓȤȔȈȕș ȎȐȓ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȑ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐ-
Ȏȍ ȍȋȖ ȏȈșȚȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȓȍȋȒȖ — Ȗȕ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȑ
ȘȈȏȊȍ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȕȈȌ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȖȑ ȔȖȋȓȈ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ
ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ș ȊȐȌȖȔ ȕȈ ȅȑȜȍȓȍȊț ȉȈȠȕȦ
Dz ȔȖȔȍȕȚț ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ ȍȋȖ ȚȘȍȝ-
ȚȖȔȕȐȒ ©ǷȖ șȓȍȌȈȔ ȕȍȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȕȣȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝª ȕȈȌȍȓȈȊȠȐȑ
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȠțȔȈ Ȋ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ Ǫ ȕȈțȒȍ Ȗ ȎȐȊȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ȉȍȓȣȝ ȗȧȚȍȕ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓ ȅȑȊȍȓȤȔȈȕș Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȒȕȐȋȈȝ ǹțȡȍșȚ-
ȊțȦȚ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȕȈȔ ȔȓȍȒȖȗȐȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȚȐȞ Șȣȉ
ǶȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȣ ǯȍȔȓȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚșȧ — ȊȖȚ ȖșȕȖȊȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ
ȚȘțȌȈ ȉȍȓȤȋȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȈ ǰ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȓ
ȕȍȔț ȉȣȓ
— ǹȒȖȘȖ ȓȐ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȚȖȔ"
— Ƕ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȔ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȅȑȊȍȓȤȔȈȕș


482
— ǵȖȊȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ©ǫȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª
ǰ ȅȑȊȍȓȤȔȈȕș ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ«
ǯȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȚȘȐșȚȈ ȓȍȚ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ
ȕȍȒȖȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȍȌȐȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȍ ©ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ
ȏȔȍȍȔª Ǫ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ;,; ȊȍȒȈ ȌȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȐ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȐ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȝ ș ȕȍȊȍ-
ȌȖȔȣȔ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȊȍȘȍȔ ǭȋȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȘȣȉȈȒȐ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ Ȑ ȗȈș-
șȈȎȐȘȣ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ șțȌȖȊ ȓȦȌȐ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȑ —
țȟȍȕȣȍ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȐ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ ǷȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȥȚȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȑ ȊȐȌ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȈȌȒȐ
ǮȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȈȔȣȝ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ț ȉȍȘȍ-
ȋȖȊ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȐ ǵȖȘȊȍȋȐȐ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ȉȓȐȏ ǷȖȘȚțȋȈȓȐȐ,
ȊȖȏȓȍ ǨȏȖȘșȒȐȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǯȈȗȈȌȕȖȑ ǨȜȘȐȒȐ ȀȖȚ-
ȓȈȕȌȐȐ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȑșȒȖȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ Ȋ DzȘȈșȕȖȔ
Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ǹȘȍȌȐȏȍȔȕȖȔ ȔȖȘȧȝ
ǪȗȓȖȚȤ ȌȖ  ȋȖȌȈ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȞȍȊ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ»
ȕȍ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȓȖșȤ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȍȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȍȋȖ șȝȖȌșȚȊȍ șȖ
ȏȔȍȍȑ ǿȈȡȍ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȌȘȈ-
ȒȖȕ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȎȐȘȈȜ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ țȋȖȘȤ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȓȍȉȍȌȤ
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ șȓțȟȈȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ
©ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȑ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȑ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ țȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȍȑ Ȋ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ Ȋ 
ȋȖȌț ț ȈȚȓȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ șȖȖȉȡȈȓ Ȋ ȘȈȗȖȘȚȍ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȌȖȘȊȈȕ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ©ǰȉȍ-
ȘȐȖȕª ȥȒȐȗȈȎ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȉȐȊȠȍȍ-
șȧ Ȋ ȈȋȖȕȐȐ ǭȋȖ ȚȍȓȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȍȍ ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓȈ ș ȟȍȚȣȘȤ-
Ȕȧ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȕȟȈȚȣȔȐ ȓȈȗȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȔȍȚ-
ȘȖȊ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ țȌȓȐȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ
Ǫ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȍ  ȋȖȌȈ șțȌȤȧ ǩȘȈțȕ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȏȐȔȕȐȑ ȖȚ-
ȗțșȒ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ǪȈȕȒțȊȍȘ Ȋ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȐȐ Ƕȕ Ƞȍȓ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȎȍȕȖȑ Ȑ ȌȖȟȍȘȤȦ ǪȌȘțȋ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȡȍȍșȧ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ
©ǴȖȧ ȎȍȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ — ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ
ȗȖȏȎȍ ǩȘȈțȕ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈȔ — ǮȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ȕȖ
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ șȚȈ ȔȍȚȘȈȝ ȖȚ ȉȍ-
ȘȍȋȈ ǭȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈȧ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȏȔȍȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ


483
ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȔȍȚȘȈ ǺȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ Ƞȍȧ
ȉȣȓȈ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊțȝ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȚȖȓȡȐȕȖȑ șȈȕȚȐȔȍȚȘȖȊ Ȋ
ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȒȘțȗȕȣȔ ǵȈȔ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȈș Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ
ȊȖȌț ǷȓȈȊȈȓȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȊșȒȖȘȍ țȎȍ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȏȈ ȚȘȐșȚȈ
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȚȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ Ǫ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȖȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ǵȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȓȖ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕț Ȍȍșȧ-
ȚȐ-ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ǶȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕțȦ ȏȔȍȦ«ª
— Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȅȑȊȍȓȤȔȈȕș — ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȐȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȏȔȍȍȊȐȌȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȕȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ
ȕȖșȐȚȤ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧª ȅȚȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȕȣȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȈțȒȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȊȐȌȖȊ ǹȖȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȕșȚȘ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȗȘȍșȔȣȒȈȦȡȐȔșȧ Ȍȓȧ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȚȍȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖ-
ȘȐȏȖȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȓȖșȒȖșȚȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊț ȕȈ-
ȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ ȏȈ ©ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȔȍȍȔª ǪȍșȤȔȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȔȓȍȒȖȗȐȚȈȦȡȍȍ ǪȍȌȤ ȒȐȚȣ ȐȓȐ ȚȦȓȍȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȡȈȦȚșȧ ȒȈȒ
ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȊȍȘȚȐȒȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȓȖșȒȖșȚȐ Ǩ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȘȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ ȕȍ
Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȉ Ȗ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȊȐȌȈȝ Ȗ ȞȍȓȖȑ ȋȘțȗȗȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȕȈț-
Ȓȍ Ȑ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ
ǫȖȓȓȈȕȌșȒȐȑ ȏȖȖȓȖȋ ǻȌȍȔȈȕș ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȟȚȖ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ
ȏȔȍȑª — ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈȧ ȗȖȘȖȌȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȠȍȍȋȖ ȚȦȓȍȕȧ ȅȚȖȑ Ȏȍ
ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȍ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐ ǴȐȌ-
ǻȖȓȌȖ Ȑ ǵȐȒȖȓȓ ǬȈȚȟȈȕȐȕ ǩȘțțȕ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȔ țȋ-
ȘȍȔ Ǫ -ȝ ȋȖȌȈȝ ȌȈȚșȒȐȍ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȋȘȈȜȣ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȧ
ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ©ǬȈȕȈª ȊȣȓȖȊȐȓȐ ȓȐȟȐȕȒț țȋȘȧ
ȌȓȐȕȖȑ Ȋ  ȔȍȚȘ  șȈȕȚȐȔȍȚȘȈ ǵȍ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȑ țȋȖȘȤ Ȉ ȐȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȓȐȟȐȕȒț ǭșȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȈ-ȋȐȋȈȕȚ ȘȈș-
ȚȍȚ ȗȘȖȗȖȘȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȈȔ ȚȖ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȑ țȋȖȘȤ
ȥȚȖȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕț ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȌȊȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ-ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȋȐȗȖȚȍȏȈ ǩȘțțȕȈ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȗȖ-
ȌȖȉȕȈ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ dzȖȕȌȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȈȒȊȈȘȐțȔȈ ȗȘȖȜȍș-
șȖȘ ǩțȓȍȕȎȍȘ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª — ȥȚȖ ȧȡȍȘ
șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ș ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ȔȍȏȖȏȖȑșȒȖȑ ȥȘȣ ǰ ȥȚȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȝȖ-


484
Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȐșȚȐȕț ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȑ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ
ȓȖȌȒȖȑ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȧȡȍȘȈ-ȚȐ-
ȓȖȏȈȊȘȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȖ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȣȔ șȒȍȓȍȚȈȔ
— ǰȚȈȒ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ șȗȍȒȚȘ — ȅȑȊȍȓȤȔȈȕș ȘȈȏȊȍȓ Șț-
ȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊȣȍ ȘȣȉȈȒȐ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȉȣȟȍ — ǺȦȓȍȕȐ țȋȘȐ ȐșȒȖȗȈȍȔȣȍ
ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓȣ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȏȔȍȐ ȇ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȒȍȔ ȉȣ ȕȐ
ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȔȍȧ
ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȚȖ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȧ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȒȈȎțȚșȧ ȟȘȍȏȔȍȘȕȖ
ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȐ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ
ȕȈțȟȕȖȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ȔȕȖȋȐȔȐ
ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȋȘȐȊȈ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ȋȘȐȊȣ ȍșȚȤ ț ȒȖȚȐ-
ȒȖȊ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȏȈ ȋȘȐȊț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȌȣȝȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȖȘ-
ȋȈȕȣ ǵȈțȒȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȈȧ ȊȖȓȖșȈȚȈȧ ȓȧȋțȠȒȈ
©ȊȖȓȖșȣª ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȟȈșȚȤ ȖȘȋȈȕȖȊ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ
ǵȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȈȚ ȓȖȋȐȒȍ Ȑ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
©ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧª ǩȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍ-
ȓȍȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕ ǰȝ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȈȧ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐ-
ȓȈ ȗȘȐȘȖȌț ȕȈȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȔȐ țȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȚȤ șȈȔȣȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȍ ȗȖȘȞȐȐ șȊȍȚȈ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȖȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ-
ȋȓȈȏȣȝ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȣȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț țȚȖȔȓȧȚȤ
ȊȈș ȓȈȚȣȕȤȦ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȑ
dzȖȋȐȟȕȖ Ȑ șȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȍ ȋȘȐȊȣ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǰȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȔȓȍȒȖȗȐȚȈȦȡȍȍ ȎȐȊț-
ȡȍȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈȝ Ȑ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȘȍȟȤ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȚ Ȗȉ ȖȉȓȐȒȍ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧª ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȦ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ șȈȔȣȑ ȉȍȋȓȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍțȔȍȓȣȑ
ȘȐșțȕȖȒ ȕȍȎȍȓȐ șȈȔȖȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ DzȈȒ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖ-
Ȏȍȕȣ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȚȈ" ȅȚȖȚ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȊȚȖȘȖșȚȍȗȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȐȔȍȍȚ Ȍȓȧ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȈ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ
ǻ ȔȓȍȒȖȗȐȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȘȖȚ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȋȓȈȏ ț ȗȘȍșȔȣȒȈȦ-
ȡȐȝșȧ ȓȐȕȐȧ ȘȚȈ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȚ ȏȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȘȐșțȕȖȒ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȒțȌȈ ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȊȍȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȧ
ǸȐșțȕȖȒ — ȥȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ǵȖ ȍȡȍ ȓțȟȠȍ șȈȔȖȔț ȊȐȌȍȚȤ
©ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧª ȐȓȐ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǰ șȘȈȏț ȓȈȊȐȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ


485
ȋȌȍ" ȒȖȋȌȈ" ȒȈȒ"
ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ șȚȐȝȐȑȕȖȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȊȖȍ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈȋȘȖȔȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ Ȋ șȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȔȕȖȦ ȔȈȚȍ-
ȘȐȈȓȈȝ ȉȍȏ ȚȘțȌȈ ȗȖȌȌȈȍȚșȧ șȐșȚȍȔȈȚȐȏȈȞȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ
șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȍ ȊȣȊȖȌȣ ȇ ȗȘȖȈȕȈȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ șȖ-
ȖȉȡȍȕȐȧȝ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȒȖȖȘȌȐȕȈȚȣ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȏȔȍȧª Ȑȝ ȌȈȚȣ Ȑ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘț ȊȖȌȣ ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ©ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª — ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ șȘȍȌȕȐȝ ȠȐȘȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȌȒȖ țȌȈȊȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȝ Ȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȉȓȈșȚȧȝ ǴȐȘȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȍȋȖ ȚȐȗȣ ȔȐȋȘȐȘțȦȚ
Ȑȏ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓțȠȈȘȐȧ Ȋ ȆȎȕȖȍ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ǿȈȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ
țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ Ȋ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȔ ȗȖȓțȠȈȘȐȐ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȔȈȑ-
șȍȕȚȧȉȘȤ Ȉ Ȋ ȦȎȕȖȔ — ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ-ȔȈȘȚ ǺȐȗ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧª
ș ȋȘȐȊȖȑ Ȋ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȍ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȚȐȗȖȊ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȘȈȑȖȕȈȝ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȘțȋȓȖȋȖȌȐȟȕȖ
ȅȚȐ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȊȣȊȖȌȣ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȖȉȘȈȉȖȚȒȍ șȚȈ-
ȚȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊȖ
Ȍȓȧ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ ȏȈȌțȔȈȍȚ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȖȝȖȚț ȕȈ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧª ǿȚȖ
ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȖȕȒȘȍȚȕȣȝ ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌȈȞȐȑ ȚȖ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑȕ-
ȚȍȘȍșȕȣȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȚȐȗȖȊ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȣ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț — Ȋ ȘȈȑȖȕȍ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ǵȤȦȜȈțȕȌ-
ȓȍȕȌ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț — ț ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ȆȎȕȖȑ ǨȜȘȐȒȐ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț
— ț ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ǵȖȊȣȍ ǫȍȉȘȐȌȣ Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ȟȈșȚȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐ
ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ș ȋȘȐȊȖȑ Ȋ ȘȈȑȖȕȍ ȉțȝȚȣ DzȈȌȉȖȘȖ ȕȈ
ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ǪȈȕȒțȊȍȘ ǵȍ ȘȈȏ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȊȍȒȈ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ
Ȗ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȔ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍª ȗȖșȚțȗȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ǿȍșȈȗȐȒșȒȖȋȖ
ȏȈȓȐȊȈ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȔ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȍ ǹȀǨ
ǰȚȈȒ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ©ȋȌȍ"ª Ȑ ©ȒȖȋȌȈ"ª Ȕȣ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍ-
ȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȔ ǶșȚȈȍȚșȧ —
©ȒȈȒ"ª
ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ țȟȍȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȦȚ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ
ȓȖȊțȠȒȐ ȌȊțȝ ȚȐȗȖȊ șȍȚȐ Ȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȓȖȊțȠȒț Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ
țșȍȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌȣ ș ȓȦȒȈȔȐ șȕȐȏț — Ȍȓȧ ȌȖȕȕȣȝ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȣȝ Ȑ șȊȍȘȝț — Ȍȓȧ Șȣȉ Ȓ șȍȚȧȔ Ȑ ȓȖȊțȠȒȈȔ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋ-
ȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȐȚȤ ȗȖȗȓȈȊȖȒ ș ȜȓȈȋȖȔ Ȑ ȘȈȌȈȘȖȔ ǹȍȚȤ Ȑ ȓȖ-
ȊțȠȒȈ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȦȚ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ ȊȖȌȈ ȘȈșȚȊȖ-
ȘȐȚ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȑ șȗȓȈȊ ȋȘțȏȐȓ


486
dzȐȟȕȖ ȧ șȒȍȗȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȖȚȕȖȠțșȤ Ȑ Ȓ șȍȚȧȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȓȖȊțȠȒȈȔ
ȘȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȓ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈȔ ș ȉȈȚȐșȒȈȜȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȔȐ ©ȉȓȦ-
ȌȍȟȒȈȔȐª Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈȔȐ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȕȈ
șȓȍȗȖȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȌȈȍȚ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ
Ȋ țșȗȍȝ ȖȝȖȚȣ ǩȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȍȍ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȍȘșȗȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȝ ȘȈȑȖȕȈȝ ȊȍȘȚȐȒȈȓȤȕțȦ
ȚȘțȉț ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȊ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȋȓțȉȐ-
ȕȈȝ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȗțȋȐȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȦȡȐȝ ȕȈș ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ Ȑ
ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ ȥȚȈȗȖȔ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȖȝȖȚȣ Ȋȕȍ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ
ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȋȖ Ȋȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚȍșȤ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ — ȗȖȓȍȊțȦ ȔȣȠȤ ȐȓȐ
©ȏȔȍȧª
ǴȕȖȋȖȓȍȚȕȐȍ șȗȖȘȣ țȟȍȕȣȝ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȓȐ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ
ȏȔȍȑª — ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȋșȍȝ ȊȖȓȕțȍȚ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
șȖȉȖȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ"
«DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȉȣȓȐ ȋțșȚȣȍ șțȔȍȘȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȅȑ-
ȜȍȓȍȊȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍ ȏȈȎȋȓȐșȤ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒȐ ǵȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȤȍ ȅȑȊȍȓȤ-
ȔȈȕș ȖȉȍȡȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐșȓȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ
Ȑ șȌȍȘȎȈȓ șȓȖȊȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ Ȑȏ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ țȊȍ-
șȐșȚțȦ ȉȈȕȌȍȘȖȓȤ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖȓșȚȈȧ —  șȚȘȈ-
ȕȐȞ — ȒȕȐȋȈ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȍȍ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ-
șȚȊȈ — ©ǫȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª
ǵȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȓȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȒȘțȗ-
ȕȖȍ ȕȖ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȦ
 ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȍ șȚȖȓȤ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ ȕȈțȒȍ"
ǻȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȅȑȊȍȓȤȔȈȕșȖȔ ȌȈȚșȒȐȑ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȋȘȈȜ Ǩȕ-
ȚȖȕ ǩȘțțȕ ȖȚȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧȔ ȕȈ Ȑșșȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȔ șțȌȕȍ ©ǫȈȓȈȚȍȧª ȗȐșȈȓ ©ǵȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ Țȍȝ ȊȐȌȖȊ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈșȍȓȧȦȚ ǴȐȘȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȖȒȍȈȕª ǷȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȊȐȌ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȖ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȚȐȗȣ
ǵȈțȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȊȣșȠȐȝ șȐșȚȍȔȈȚȐȏȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐȑ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȘ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȚȐȗț ȝȖȘȌȖȊȣȝ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȘȣȉȈȔȐ ȈȒ-
ȚȐȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȘȍșȔȣȒȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȗȚȐȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȓȍȒȖȗȐȚȈȦȡȐ-
ȔȐ ǹ ȈȒțȓȖȑ Ȑ ȊȖȘȖȉȤȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȕȐȚ șȗȐȕȕȈȧ șȚȘțȕȈ ȐȓȐ
ȝȖȘȌȈ
 — ȖșȕȖȊȈ ȊșȍȋȖ șȒȍȓȍȚȈ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȑ șȚȊȖȓ
ȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȕȖȑ Ȉ șȍȘȌȞȍ — ȕȈ ȉȘȦȠȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȚȍȓȈ


487
ǶȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȚȐȗ Ȋ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȐ — ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ
ȕȖȊțȦ ȗȓȈȕȍȚț ǹȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȑ șȐșȚȍȔȣ Ȋ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȐȐ ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ
ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȒȍȈȕ ȗȘȧȚȈȓ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȌȖ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȍȡȍ
ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȣȑ ȚȐȗ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȚȘȈȓȖȊ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȝ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ©ǪȐȚȧȏȧª ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȘȍȑșȈ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȗȘȐȕȍș ș ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝȒȐȓȖȔȍȚ-
ȘȖȊȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ǶȝȖȚșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȗȍșȚȘțȦ ȋȘțȌț ȚȘȍȗȍȡțȡȍȑ
Șȣȉȣ ȠȍȊȍȓȧȡȐȝ ȓțȟȈȔȐ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȊȍȏȌ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȣȝ ǯȖȖȓȖȋȈ ǨȘȚȍȔȐȧ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ șȈ-
Ȕȣȍ ȕȍȊȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȘȖȋȖȊȣȍ ȚȘțȉȒȐ ȌȓȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȐȏȔȍȘȧ-
ȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌȟȈș ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ șȈȕȚȐȔȍȚȘȈȔȐ ǪȕțȚȘȐ ȚȘțȉȖȒ ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȕȐȚȍȊȐȌȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȕȈȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȍ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ
ȗȘȐșȖșȒȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȚ ȍȔț ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȌȊȐ-
ȋȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȘȖȋȖȊȖȔț ȌȖȔȐȒț Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ-
ȘțȎț ȊȍȕȟȐȒ-ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȑ ȉȖȘȖȌț ǯȈ ȥȚȖȚ Ȋȍȕ-
ȟȐȒ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȖȒȘȍșȚȐȓȐ ȗȖȋȖȕȖȜȖȘȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ©ȕȖșȧȡȐȔȐ
ȉȖȘȖȌțª
ǵȈȝȖȌȒȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȖȊȖșȚȤȦ ǭȡȍ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț
ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȏȖȖȓȖȋ ǴȖȘȐș DzȖȓȓȍȘȐ ȗȓȈȊȈȧ
ȕȈ ȋȖȓȓȈȕȌșȒȖȔ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȔ șțȌȕȍ ©ǯȐȉȖȋȈª Ȋ ȔȖȘȧȝ
ǴȈȓȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȈȘȝȐȗȍȓȈȋȈ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓ ȥȚȐȝ ©ȉȖȘȖȌȈȟȍȑª ǩȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚ ȗȖ ȒȖȓȤȟȈȚȣȔ ȟȍȘȊȧȔ DzȖȓȓȍȘȐ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ țȟȍȕȣȑ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋǶȉȘȈȉȖȚȈȊ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ șȊȖȐȝ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȑ Ȗȕ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ șȚȈȚȤȦ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȗȐșȈȓ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȍ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ Ȑ ȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȏȐȉȖȋȓȐȕțȔ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ șȗțș-
Țȧ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȑ ȏȖȖȓȖȋ ǷȈȊȍȓ ǻȠȈȒȖȊ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȥȒș-
ȗȍȌȐȞȐȑ ȕȈ ǶȝȖȚșȒȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ ȊȕȖȊȤ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓșȧ ș ȘȖȋȖȊȣȔȐ
ȚȘțȉȒȈȔȐ ȏȐȉȖȋȓȐȕțȔȈ ǻȠȈȒȖȊ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȔȕȖȋȖȡȍȚȐȕȒȖ-
Ȋȣȝ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ȕȖ ȕȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȖȒȖȕșțȓȤȚȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȊȖȗȘȖșț ș ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ ȠȊȍȌșȒȐȔ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȖȔ
DZȖȋȈȕșȖȕȖȔ ǬȊȈ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȈ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȕȣȝ ǻȠȈȒȖȊȣȔ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȣȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȣșȓȈȕȣ Ȋ ȀȊȍȞȐȦ ǰȏțȟȐȊ Ȑȝ DZȖȋȈȕșȖȕ ȗȘȐ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȓ ȊȣȊȖȌț ȟȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȚȘțȉȒȈȝ ȕȍ ȊȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȐ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ
Ȑȏ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȍȔț ȒȓȈșșȖȊ ȀȊȍȌșȒȐȑ ȏȖȖȓȖȋ Ȑ ȌȈȓ ȐȔ ȐȔȧ
ȗȖȋȖȕȖȜȖȘ


488
ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȐȑ țȟȍȕȣȑ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ǹȕȖȊȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ Ȕȍȕȧȓ Ȗȕ
șȊȖȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ Ȋ dzȍȕȐȕȋȘȈȌșȒȖȔ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ ȕȈ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐ-
ȞȐȖȕȕțȦ ȒȈȦȚț Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȈȝ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȍȔȐȌȍșȧȚȐ
ȊȐȌȖȊ ȗȖȋȖȕȖȜȖȘ ǰȝ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȍ șȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȐȈȓȤȕȖ
ȖȚȓȐȟȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ șȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ǰȔȍȧ ȔȖȏȋ Ȑ
șȍȘȌȞȍ ȖȕȐ ȓȐȠȍȕȣ ȘȚȈ Ȑ ȒȐȠȍȟȕȐȒȈ ǶȘȋȈȕȈȔȐ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ
Ȑ ȗȐȡȍȊȈȘȍȕȐȧ șȓțȎȈȚ« ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈ
ǵȖ ȒȚȖ Ȏȍ ȖȕȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ" Dz ȒȈȒȖȔț ȚȐȗț ȎȐȊȣȝ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ"
ǷȖșȓȍ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȓȍȚ țȗȖȘȕȣȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ
Ȓ ȊȣȊȖȌț ȟȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȍ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ Ȉ ȟȍȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ
ȚȐȗȖȊ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ǷȖȋȖȕȖȜȖȘȣ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȚ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȐȗ
ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȖȖȓȖȋ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȑ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȋȘȈȜ ȟȓȍȕ-
ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚ Ǩǵ ǹǹǹǸ dzȍȊ ǯȍȕȒȍȊȐȟ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȚȐȍ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȍ ǨȘȚȍȔȐȍȔ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȣȔ Ȋ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ
șȘȈȊȕȐȚȤ ș ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍȔ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕȚȈ Ȋ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ ǫȘȖȔ
ȈȗȓȖȌȐșȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȓȖȕȌȖȕșȒȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ
Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ǴȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȋȘȍșș ȒȖȋȌȈ
ǨȘȚȍȔȐȑ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ Ȗ ȗȖȋȖȕȖȜȖȘȈȝ ǿȍȘȍȏ
ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȘțȌ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȉȣȓ țȌȖșȚȖȍȕ dzȍȕȐȕșȒȖȑ ȗȘȍȔȐȐ
ǷȖȟȍȔț ȥȚȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȐȈȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȊȈȎȕȖȑ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȍ" DzȖȊȍȘ Ȑȏ ȚȘțȉȖȒ ȗȖȋȖȕȖȜȖȘ
ȉȣȓ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȍȕ țȟȍȕȣȔȐ ©ǪȐȚȧȏȧª ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ Ȋ  ȔȍȚȘȖȊ DzȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ©ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȒȐª ȗȘȧȟțȚșȧ ȖȚ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ Ȋ ȚȣșȧȟȍȔȍȚȘȖȊȣȝ ȚȖȓȡȈȝ ȊȖȌȣ ȔȐȘȍ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȝ ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȕȐȏȒȐȝ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘ Ȑ ȊȍȟȕȖȋȖ
ȔȘȈȒȈ
ǼȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋ ǼȖȕȚȍȕ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓ ȗȘȖșȚȍȑȠȐȍ ȖȘ-
ȋȈȕȐȏȔȣ Ȋ ȉȈȘȖȒȈȔȍȘț Ȑ șȖȏȌȈȊȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȋ  ȈȚ-
ȔȖșȜȍȘ ǷȖȋȐȉȈȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȈȒȚȍȘȐȐ Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ȠȊȍȌșȒȐȑ ȖȒȍȈ-
ȕȖȓȖȋ ǫȈȕș ǷȍȚȚȍȘșȖȕ ȋȓȈȊȈ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ ȕȈ șțȌȕȍ ©ǨȓȤȉȈȚ-
ȘȖșª ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȊȠȐșȤ ș ȖȗȣȚȈȔȐ ǼȖȕȚȍȕȈ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȒȕȐ-
ȋț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȠȍșȚȐ ș ȗȖȓȖ-
ȊȐȕȖȑ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊțȍȚ
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȖȗȘȖȊȍȘȋȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȋȐȗȖȚȍȏȣ ǻȎȍ Ȋ -
 ȋȖȌȈȝ țȟȍȕȣȍ ©ǪȐȚȧȏȧª Ȑ ȌȈȚșȒȖȑ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ ȕȈ ©ǫȈ-


489
ȓȈȚȍȍª ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ ȕȍȚ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȏȖȕ ǷȖȋȘțȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȉȈȚȐșȒȈȜȈ ǷȐȒȒȈȘȈ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȣȊȖȌ
ǬȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ ȉȍȏȌȕȣ ȉȍȌȍȕ ȕȖ Ȗȕ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ǷȖ
ȗȖȌșȟȍȚȈȔ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȖȊ Ȑȏ  Țȣșȧȟ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȕȈțȒȍ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ - ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ
ȓȐȠȤ - Ȉ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȐȝ ȊȗȈȌȐȕȈȝ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ  ȊȐȌȖȊ
ǺȘȈȓ Ȗȗțȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕț   ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȗȘȐȕȍș  ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȐȝ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȔ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔ ȋȘțȗȗȈȔ ǻȟȍ-
ȕȣȍ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȝ ȐȝȚȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȑ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȊ țȓȖ-
Ȋȣ ș ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȋțȉȒȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚșȧ
ȌȖ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ  Țȣșȧȟ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ — ȌȖ  ȒȘȍ-
ȊȍȚȒȐ — ȌȖ  Țȣșȧȟ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȈȕȍȔȖȕȣ ȉȘȦȝȖȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑ ȌȊțșȚ-
ȊȖȘȟȈȚȣȍ ȔȖȓȓȦșȒȐ — ȌȖ  ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ǵȈ Ȍȕȍ ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȐȝ
ȊȗȈȌȐȕ ȖȉȐȚȈȦȚ ȔȕȖȋȖȡȍȚȐȕȒȖȊȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ ȖȜȐțȘȣ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȚț-
ȘȐȐǫȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȣȍ Șȣȉȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȍ șȖ ȌȕȈ ǯȖȕȌșȒȖȑ ȊȗȈȌȐ-
ȕȣ  ȔȍȚȘȖȊ
, ȗȖȘȈȎȈȦȚ șȊȖȐȔ ȖȉȓȐȒȖȔ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȐȌȈȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȊȐȌȣ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȖȊ ǪȖȚ ©ȗȓȈȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȗȈșȚȤª ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȕȈȏ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȘȣȉȖȑ Ȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȔț ȘȚț ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ ȗȘȐȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ǷȍȡȍȘȕȣȍ ȘȐșțȕȒȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȕȈȔ Ȗ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȔ șȈȉȓȍȏțȉȖȔ ȚȐȋȘȍ ǵȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȒȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ȟȚȖ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș ț ǼȐȓȐȗȗȐȕșȒȐȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚșȧ șȈȉȓȍ-
ȏțȉȈȧ ȘȣȉȈ ǯțȉȣ ȍȍ ȚȈȒ ȌȓȐȕȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈȘțȎț
ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȘȚȍ
Ǻȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȖșȟȈșȚȓȐȊȐȓȖșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȚȤ
ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ Ȋ ȗțȟȐȕȣ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȟȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ
ȋȓțȉȐȕ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ ȎȐȊȣȔȐ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ ©ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ
ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȣ ȚȈȒ ȧȘȒȖ șȊȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ șȊȍȚ Ȑȝ ȕȈ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ șȓȍȗȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ȗȐȠȍȚ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȊȖș-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧȝ Ȗ ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕȐȐ Ȋ ȉȈȚȐșȒȈȜȍ ț ǩȍȘȔțȌșȒȐȝ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȊȖȊ ǪȐȓȤȧȔ ǩȐȉ — ǿȈșȚȖ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȝșȧ ȚȖȟȍȒ
ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ Ȋ ȧșȕțȦ ȉȍȏȓțȕ-
ȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȔȍȠȈȓȖ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȚȤ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȊ țșȐȓȐȍ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖșȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȔȍ-
ȡȍȕȐȍ șȖȏȊȍȏȌȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ Șȣȉª
ǻ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Șȣȉ șȊȍȚȐȚșȧ Ȋșȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȚȍȓȈ ț ȌȘț-
ȋȐȝ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ țȟȈșȚȒȐ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȐȒȍ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ǶȕȐ ȔȖ-
ȋțȚ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȚȤ Ȑ ȋȈșȐȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȖȋȕȐ ǭșȚȤ Șȣȉȣ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȍșȧ ȒȘȈș-


490
ȕȣȔ șȐȕȐȔ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ǶȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȊșȗȣȠȒȐ șȊȍȚȈ ȗȖ
șȊȖȍȑ șȐȓȍ ȗȘȍȊȣȠȈȦȚ ȖȉȡțȦ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȌȊȍșȚȐ Ȉ ȗȖȌ-
ȟȈș Ȋ Țȣșȧȟț ȘȈȏ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ Șȣȉ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ
țȟȍȕȣȔ ǵȖ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ Ȋȍȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȔȘȈȒȈ Ȑ ȎȐȊȣȝ Ȗȋȕȍȑ ȖȕȐ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȖȍ ȔȍȕȤ-
ȠȐȕșȚȊȖ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȣ ȕȈȠȐ
ȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȗ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȗȗțș-
ȒȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȖȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊȣȍ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȐȓȐ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ Ȑș-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȗȖȋȖȕȖȜȖȘ
Ǫ ȈȗȘȍȓȍ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ǨȚȓȈȕȚȐȒȍ ȚȘȈȓ șȖȊȍȚș-
ȒȖȋȖ ȚȘȈțȓȍȘȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ǷȓȖș-
ȒȖȍ ȗȖȓțȔȍȚȘȖȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȕȍȗȘȖȗȖȘȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȗȈșȚȤ
ș ȘȧȌȖȔ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȖșȚȘȣȝ ȏțȉȖȊ ȚȖȘȟȈȡȐȍ Ȑȏ șȗȐȕȣ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ
ȕȐȚȐ ș țȚȖȓȡȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȞȈȝ ǸȣȉȈȒȐ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȘȍȌȒțȦ
ȌȖȉȣȟț Ȋ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȑ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚ ǻȟȍȕȣȍ ȘȈșȗȖȏȕȈ-
ȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȘȍȌȒȐȑ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ Șȣȉȣ-țȌȐȓȤȡȐ-
ȒȈ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȖȑ Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ȕȖȘȊȍȎș-
ȒȐȔ ȐȝȚȐȖȓȖȋȖȔ ǫȖȓȤȉȍȓȖȔ ǹȊȖȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȘȣȉȈ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȊȈȌȒȈȔȐ ȖȗȣȚȕȖȋȖ ȘȣȉȈȒȈ ǬȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȖȚȘȖșȚȖȒ — ȥȚȖ
ȎȐȊȈȧ țȌȖȟȒȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȗȘȐȔȈȕȒȐ șȊȍȚȐȚșȧ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȠȈȘȐȒ ǵȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȍ Șȣȉȣ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȥȚȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȌȖȉȣȟȍȑ ȒȖȊȈȘȕȖȋȖ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȈ
©ǭșȓȐ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȖȚȘȖșȚȒȖȔ — ȗȐ-
șȈȓ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋȍ “ǺȈȑȕȣ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕ” ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȚȍȓȤ ǫȈȕș ǩȈțȥȘ — ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȚȖȘȟȈȚȤ
șȓȍȋȒȈ ȐȏȖȋȕțȚȣȑ ȗȘțȚ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ - ȔȍȚȘȈª ǹȈȔ Ȏȍ țȌȐȓȤ-
ȡȐȒ ȐșȒțșȕȖ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȍȚ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȣȝ șȕȈșȚȍȑ ǷȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ ȏȈ șȚȖ
ȓȍȚ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȖȊ
ǵȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȍȌȒȐȔ țȓȖȊȖȔ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȝȊȈ-
șȚȈȚȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȧȝȚȣ ©ǹȈȔȉȈª ǿȈȘȓȏ ǺȖȔȗșȖȕ
ȅȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȍ  ȋȖȌȈ ț ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ ǼȓȖȘȐȌȈ-DzȐș
ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȠțȔȕȣȝ Ȑ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȒȘȍșȚȒȖȊ ȗȖȌ ȉȖȒȖȔ ț ȜȓȖȘȐȌșȒȐȝ ȒțȘȖȘȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǹ ȧȝȚȣ Ȗȕ
ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȓȣȊțȡȍȍ ț șȈȔȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȖșȚȐ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȠȓȦȗȒț Ȑ ȊȖȖȘțȎȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȋȈȘȗțȕȖȔ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȗȈșșȈ-
ȎȐȘȖȊ ȧȝȚȣ DzȈȒȖȊȖ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȋȖ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ


491
ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȒȐȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȈȒțȓȈ — șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȗȕ șȖȉȐ-
ȘȈȓșȧ ȖȝȖȚȐȚȤșȧ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȋȖ Ȑȏ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȍȔț ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕȖȊ ǹȍȒțȕȌț șȗțșȚȧ ȋȈȘȗțȕ ȊȖȕ-
ȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȖȒ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ
ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ©ȊȗȘȧȋȓȖșȤª Ȋ ȠȓȦȗȒț Ȑ ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ
ȗȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǴȖȋțȟȐȍ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȐ Ȑ țȌȈȘȣ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȋȖ
ȝȊȖșȚȈ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȐ ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȐȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ǺȖȔȗșȖȕ ȔȖȋ ȗȍȘȍȘțȉȐȚȤ
ȒȈȕȈȚ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȑ Ȓ ȋȈȘȗțȕț ȕȖ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȎȈȓȤ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ ș țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȖȉȣȟȍȑ Ƕȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȕȈȋȖȚȖȊȍ ȚȖȗȖȘ Șȍ-
ȠȐȊ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȍșȓȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȗȖ-
ȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ ȕȣȘȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕț ǵȖ ȖȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍ-
ȓȖ ȕȣȘȧȚȤ
ǫȖȕȒȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ țȗȘȧȎȒȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȟȈșȖȊ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȖ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȚȧȕț-
ȓȐ Ȓ ȉȖȘȚț ȧȝȚȣ Ȑ ȌȖȉȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȘțȎȍȑ ǻșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȋȘȖȔȈ-
ȌȐȕȈ ȊȍșȖȔ Ȋ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȚȖȕȕ ȌȓȐȕȖȦ Ȋ ȟȍȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȍȚ-
ȘȖȊ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȎȈȉȘȣ Ȉ ȍȍ șȗȐȕȕȖȑ ȝȘȍȉȍȚ șȖșȚȖȐȚ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ț ȈȒț-
ȓȣ ȕȍ Ȑȏ ȒȖșȚȍȑ Ȉ Ȑȏ ȝȘȧȡȍȑ ǬȐșȒțșșȐȐ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ
ȉȍșȗȓȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȒȓȈșșȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ.
ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ șȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ȠȍșȚȤ ȓȍȚ ǯȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ țȌȐ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȖ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕț
ǺȖȔȗșȖȕț ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȏȈȊȐȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȉȣȟȈ
— ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȘȖȌȍ
Ǩ ȗțȘȗțȘȕȣȝ ȋȖȓțȉȣȝ Ȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ Șȣȉ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ
ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ ǪȐȓȤȧȔ ǩȐȉ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘȣ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȈȚȐ-
șȜȍȘȣ ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ  ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȔț ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔ ȏȕȈȍȔ Ȕȣ Ȗȉ ȥȚȐȝ șțȡȍșȚȊȈȝ
ȗȘȖȏȊȈȕȕȣȝ ©ȘȈȌțȎȕȣȔȐ ȡțȒȈȔȐ ǩȐȉȈª ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȦȚ
șȚȖȑȔȧ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚț ©DzȖȔ-
șȖȔȖȓȤșȒȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȣª ȌȖȊȍȓȖșȤ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȎțȘȕȈ-
ȓȐșȚșȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȊȒȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ
ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ ©ǹȍȊȍȘȧȕȒȈª ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȍȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ Șȍȑș ǷȖ-
ȌȖȓȋț șȐȌȍȓ ȧ ț ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘȖȊ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȔțȚȕȖȊȈȚțȦ
ȏȍȓȍȕțȦ ȚȖȓȡț ȊȖȌȣ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕțȦ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȔȖȡ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȈ ǷȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȏȓȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȐȕȚȍ-
ȘȍșȕȖȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ Ȕȍȓ-
ȒȈȧ ȘȣȉȍȠȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȊȈȓȈ ȔȍȌțȏȈ


492
ȞȊȍȚȈ ȚȈȉȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ ǵȖ țȎȍ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ Șȍȑșȍ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȥȚȖȚ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ǵȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ
țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ ȕȍ șȔȖȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ǷȘȖ-
ȏȘȈȟȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȐ ȗȖ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ-
ȡȍȍ ȓȐȓȐȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȊȣȔȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȟȒȈȔȐ ǶȚ ȚȍȓȈ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȗȧȚȕȐșȚȣȝ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ-
șȈȕȚȐȔȍȚȘȖȊȣȝ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈ
Ǫ ȕȖȧȉȘȍ  ȋȖȌȈ țȌȈȟȓȐȊȣȍ ȘȣȉȈȒȐ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ-
șȒȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ǾȍȕȚȘȈ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȚ ȊȖȍȕȕȖ-ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ
ǹȀǨ ȗȖȑȔȈȓȐ ȈȒțȓț șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ ǬȓȐȕȈ
ȚȍȓȈ —  ȔȍȚȘȈ Ȋȍș —  ȒȐȓȖȋȘȈȔȔȖȊ ǶȗȧȚȤ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ
ǰȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȖșȚȤ ȘȚȈ ȥȚȖȑ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ Șȣȉȣ ȊȣșȚ-
ȓȈȕȈ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȖȑ ȗȓȍȕȒȖȑ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȍȑ ȉȐȖȓȦȔȐȕȍș-
ȞȍȕȚȕțȦ ȚȒȈȕȤ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȝșȧ Șȣȉ șȘȍȌȕȐȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕ ǺȈȒȐȔ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȔ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȈȒțȓȈ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȝȚȐȖȓȖȋȖȊ ȕȖ Ȑ
ȜȐȏȐȒȖȊ ǪȍȌȤ ȕȈȌ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ țȟȍȕȣȍ ȉȤȦȚșȧ țȎȍ
ȕȍ ȖȌȕț șȖȚȕȦ ȓȍȚ
ǹȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȝ ȕȈȝȖȌȒȈȝ Ȋ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍ ǵȍȗȚțȕȈ
ȗȖȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȘȍȋțȓȧȘȕȖ ǶȉȘȈȚȐȔșȧ Ȓ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȔț ȗȘȖȠ-
ȓȖȔț
ǹȘȍȌȐȏȍȔȕȖȔȖȘȤȍ ǹȈȔȣȑ Ȑȏțȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȌȖȍȔ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȣ
șȈȔȣȑ șțȌȖȝȖȌȕȣȑ ș șȈȔȣȔȐ ȋțșȚȖȕȈșȍȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔȐ
ǰ ȚȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ« Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ȕȈ ȗȍșȟȈȕȣȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ ǷȖ-
ȓȐȒȈșȚȖ Ȋ ǺȐȘȘȍȕșȒȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ ȖȕȖ ȊȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ șȐșȚȍȔț ǹȘȍȌȐȏȍȔ-
ȕȖȔȖȘȤȧ
 ȗȘȐȓȐȊ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓ ȌȍșȧȚȐȔȍȚȘȖȊȖȋȖ 
 șȗȘțȚȈ ǵȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȕȣȍ ȘȣȉȈȒȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ
ǹȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȖȠȍȓȖȔ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȘȣȉȈȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȒȖȕȞȍ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ — ț ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ
ȕȖȘȊȍȎșȒȖȋȖ ȖȏȍȘȈ ǽȈȔȈȘȍȑȧ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ țȋȖȘȤ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȖșȚ Ȑ ȊȍșȖȔ  ȒȐȓȖȋȘȈȔȔ ǺȈȒȖȋȖ ȚțȚ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȚȘțȌȕȖȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȝ ȘȈȑȖȕȖȊ DzȐȚȈȧ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤ-
ȕȈȧ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧ ȖȉșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȖȏȍȘȖ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȐ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ ȒȈȒ Ȗȉ ȖȉȐȚȈȓȐȡȍ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ ǻȟȍ-
ȕȣȍ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȊȖȌȖȍȔȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȖȒȖȓȖ
ȠȍșȚȐ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ ȌȖ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȔȍȚ-
ȘȖȊ ǷȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕȣ Ȑȏ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ ȖșȍȚȘȖ-


493
Ȋȣȝ ȕȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȒȈ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
ǵț ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȚȊȈȘȐ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȦȚ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȔȍȘȈȔȐ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ
ȊȐȌȖȊ Ǩ ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ  ȋȖȌț ț ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȧ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȊȈ ǰșȍ ȗȖȑȔȈȓȐ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȈ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ-
ȡȐȝșȧ ȍȔț ȊȖșȤȔȐ ȡțȗȈȓȍȞ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ ǵȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȟȍȕȣȍ șȟȐȚȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȣȑ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋ —
ȎȍȘȚȊȈ ȋȍȕȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȔțȚȈȞȐȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȒȘȖȍȚșȧ Ȋ
ȏȈȋȘȧȏȕȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȝ ȊȖȌ ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț
ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȑȔȈȓȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ©ȔȕȖȋȖȕȖȋȈª Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕ șȗț-
șȒȈȦȚ ȖȚȝȖȌȣ ȋȈȓȤȊȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȈ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȌȘțȋȖȍ
șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑȏ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ ǵȖȊȖȑ ǯȍȓȈȕȌȐȐ șȓȈȊȧȡȍȑșȧ ȟȐșȚȖ-
ȚȖȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ǺțȚ țȎ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȚȤ ȋȍȕȍȚȐȒț ȊȘȖȌȍ ȉȣ
ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȔțȚȈȕȚ ȕȍ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ
ȋȍȕȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȕȖȘȔȣ ȥȚȖ ȔȍȌțȏȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȏȊȍȏ-
Ȍț Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ ȏȊȍȏȌȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ
ȍȎȈ ǻȟȍȕȣȍ ȖȚȕȍșȓȐ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȓ ȖȚȘȧȌț Ȑȋ-
ȓȖȒȖȎȐȝ ǻșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȘȚȈ Ȉ ȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ Ȋȍ-
ȡȍșȚȊȈ ȖȕȖ ȊșȈșȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋșȍȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤȦ șȊȖȍȋȖ ©ȎȐȊȖȚȈª
— ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȚȍȓȈ
ǹȚȖȓȤ Ȏȍ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ǺȐȝȖȔ
ȖȒȍȈȕȍ Ȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ Ȑȏ ǰȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ ȔȖȘȧ ǵȈ
ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ  ȔȍȚȘȖȊ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȉȈȚȐșȒȈȜ țȌȈȘȐȓȖșȤ -ȔȍȚȘȖȊȖȍ
șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ ǷȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ
ȟȈșȈ ȖȕȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȖ șȍȉȧ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ
ȌȘȍȑȜțȧ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȉȈȚȐșȒȈȜȖȔ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ ȋȖȓȖ-
ȊȖȕȖȋȖȍ ș ©țȠȈȔȐª ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ©țȠȈșȚȐȒȈª ȕȍ
ȊȐȌȍȓ
Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȗȘȖșȐȔ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ
ȕȈȠȐ ȌȕȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȈȝ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ
ȕȈțȒȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ țșȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ©ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȔȍȍȔª"
ǷȘȖșȚȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ Șȣȉȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǺȖȔȗșȖȕȈ Ȑ ȔȍȠȒȖȘȖȚț
ȗȖȊȍȏȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȏȔȍȦª ǶȕȐ ȕȈȠȓȐ șȓțȟȈȑ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤșȧ țȟȍȕȣȔ Ȑ ȊȖȖȟȐȦ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ
ǩȍșȍȌțȧ ș ȅȑȊȍȓȤȔȈȕșȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȔȣșȓȐ ȟȚȖ
Ȕȕȍ, ȕȍșȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚț ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋ șȗȖȘȕȖȔ ȊȖȗȘȖșȍ Ȗ
©ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍª ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋșȍ-


494
ȋȖ ȗȖ ȌțȠȍ ȋȐȗȖȚȍȏȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ǩțȓȍȕȎȍȘȈ
©ȏȔȍȑª — ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȠȐȑ șȊȖȦ ȥȗȖȝț ȔȍȏȖȏȖȑșȒȐȑ ȧȡȍȘ
©ǷȖȋȖȌȐȚȍ — ȊȗȘȈȊȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ șȒȍȗȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȕȈ-
șȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ — ȇ ȔȖȋț ș ȊȈȔȐ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȒȍȈȕ
ȝȘȈȕȐȚ ȍȡȍ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ șȊȖȐ ȚȈȑȕȣ ǵȖ ȗȘȐ ȟȍȔ ȚțȚ ȌȖȗȖȚȖȗȕȣȍ
ȧȡȍȘȣ" ǴȖȋțȚ ȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȤ ȌȖȓȋȐȑ șȘȖȒ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ
ȥȗȖȝț șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤșȧ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȓȍȚ"ª
ǴȖȋțȚ ǫȖȊȖȘȦ ȥȚȖ șȔȍȓȖ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȜȈȒȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȕ
ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ
ǬȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȑ ȕȈșȚȐȓ ȗȈȓțȉȣ ȚȘȈțȓȍȘȈ ȉȣȓ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȐȔ ȖȚ
ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȘȣȉȤȍȑ ȟȍȠțȐ Ȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈ
ȓȖȒȖȚȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǫȖșȍȕȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ țȗȈșȚȤ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȖȌȊȍȓ
ȍȍ Ȓ ȉȘȍȏȍȕȚț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȖȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȧ ȊȖȘȖȕȍȕȣȔ ȉȖȒȖȔ
ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖȓțȚȖȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊȈȧ ȘȣȉȈ ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ
ȌȖȓȋȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȈ ȍȍ ǶȕȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȖȒ ȕȖ
ȚȈȒȖȍ«
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑȏ ȦȎȕȖȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǰșȚ-
dzȖȕȌȖȕ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ țȠȓȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
©ǻȊȈȎȈȍȔȣȑ Ȍ-Ș ǹȔȐȚ — ȗȐșȈȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȔț
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘț ȐȝȚȐȖȓȖȋȐȐ — ǪȟȍȘȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȖȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȐȚȤșȧ ș șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȘȣȉȖȑ ȇ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȏȈȘȐșȖȊȒț ǵȈȌȍȦșȤ Ȋȣ șȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ Ȕȕȍ
ș ȒȓȈșșȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȍȑ ǸȣȉȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈ ȗȓȖȚȕȖȑ ȟȍȠțȍȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧ-
ȡȍȑ ȉȘȖȕȍȑ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ
ȟȍȠțȍȑ Ȑ ȖȚȖȘȖȟȍȕȣ ȒȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȓțȟȈȔȐ«ª
ǮȍȕȈ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ǹȔȐȚȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȑșȗț-
ȋȈȓ ȍȍ ȊȐȌ ȔțȎȈ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȐ ș ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȔ Ȓ
ȗȐșȤȔț ȓȐșȚȒȖȔ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȘȐșȖȊȈȕȈ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȘȣȉȈ
ǪȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȐȝȚȐȖȓȖȋȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ Ȗȕ țȏȕȈȓ Ȋ Șȣȉȍ Ȟȍ-
ȓȈȒȈȕȚȈ ȖȉȐȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘȧȝ  ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ
ȅȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ ȚȈȒȖȑ Șȣȉȣ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ șȍȚȐ ȊȖȏȓȍ țșȚȤȧ ǿȈȓțȔ-
ȕȈ  ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ  ȋȖȌȈ ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȗȘȍȎ-
Ȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȘȣȉȈȒ ǨȝȔȍȌ ǽțșșȍȑȕ ȎȐȚȍȓȤ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȐ ǬȖȔȖȕȐ ȕȈ
ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ǨȕȎțȈȕ Ȋ ȋȘțȗȗȍ DzȖȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ ȍȡȍ
ȖȌȕț ȓȈȚȐȔȍȘȐȦ — ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȐ ȟțȌȖ-Șȣȉț Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ


495
Ȑȏ ȒȘȈȍȊȍȌȟȍșȒȖȋȖ Ȕțȏȍȧ Ȋ ǰșȚ-dzȖȕȌȖȕȍ — ȔȐșș DzȖȘȚȥȕȥ-
dzȈȚȐȔȍȘ ǹ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ  ȗȖ ȐȦȓȤ  ȋȖȌȈ ȕȈ DzȖȔȖȘșȒȐȝ
ȖșȚȘȖȊȈȝ ȊȣȓȖȊȐȓȐ ȍȡȍ șȍȔȤ ȞȍȓȈȒȈȕȚȖȊ-șȈȔȞȖȊ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȌȊțȝ
șȈȔȖȒ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȌȕȈ ȕȍșȓȈ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȧȑȞȈ ǬȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ țȟȍȕȣȍ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȥȚț Șȣȉț ȎȐȊȖȘȖȌȧȡȍȑ
 ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ
ȗȖȊȍȏȓȖ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȦ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȖȑ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ ǼȘȈȕȒȖ ǷȘȖ-
șȗȍȘȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȓȈȊȈȧ ș ȈȒȊȈȓȈȕȋȖȔ ț ȗȖȌȕȖȎȐȧ ȒȖȘȈȓȓȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȘȐȜȈ Ȓ ȊȖșȚȖȒț ȖȚ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ǴȈȑȖȚȚȈ DzȖȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȊȈ
 ȕȈȚȒȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȈ ȞȍȓȈȒȈȕȚȈ ǻȟȍȕȖȔț țȌȈȓȖșȤ
șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȜȖȚȖșȕȐȔȖȒ țȕȐȒȈȓȤȕȖȑ Șȣȉȣ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȞȍȓȈȒȈȕȚȈ șȕȧȓȐ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȐȕȖ-
ȒȈȔȍȘȣ ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȒȐșȚȍȗȍȘȣȝ Șȣȉ șȚȈ-
ȓȐ ȖȚȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȘȍȋțȓȧȘȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-
ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȐȔ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȈȔ ǶȌȐȕ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ ȍșȚȤ Ȋ ǴȖșȒ-
Ȋȍ Ȋ ǰȕșȚȐȚțȚȍ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȐȔȍȕȐ Ƿ Ƿ ȀȐȘȠȖȊȈ ǨȒȈȌȍ-
ȔȐȐ ȕȈțȒ ǹǹǹǸ
ǰȚȈȒ ȌȖȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȒȐșȚȍȗȍȘȈȧ ȘȣȉȈ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐ
ȌȕȐ ǵȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌ-
ȞȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧª ȥȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖ-
Ȕț ȉȣ ȊȐȌț ȖȕȖ ȕȐ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓȖ șȈȔȐȔ ȜȈȒȚȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ
șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȕȐșȗȘȖȊȍȘȋȈȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȝ Ȑ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖșȕȖȊ Ȉ ȓȐȠȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȉ țȕȐȒȈȓȤȕȖȑ
ȗȓȈșȚȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȖȊ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȝ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȐȚȤ-
șȧ Ȓ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȧȔ șȘȍȌȣ ȖȉȐȚȈȕȐȧ Ǩ ȊȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȔ șȚȖȓȤ ȓȐ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȥȚȐ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȧ" ǬȈ ȒȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖ ȏȈ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȓȍȚ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȚȍȔ-
ȗȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȍ ȘȍȎȐȔȣ Ȑ ȋȈȏȖȊȣȑ șȖșȚȈȊ Ȑ șȖȓȍȕȖșȚȤ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ
ȥȚȐ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ ȟȍȔ
ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȧ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȑ șȘȍȌȣ ȕȈ șțȠȍ ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȘȍȓȐȒȚȖȊȣȍ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȠȐȍ ȥȗȖȝț Ȑȝ ȌȈȊ-
ȕȍȋȖ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȈ șțȔȍȓȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȕȈ șțȠȍ
ȚȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ Șȍ-
ȓȐȒȚȖȊ Ȋ ǴȐȘȖȊȖȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ ȍșȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȑ ǰ Ȑș-
ȚȖȘȐȧ ș ȞȍȓȈȒȈȕȚȖȔ ȓȐȠȤ țȒȘȍȗȓȧȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȕȍȕȐȐ
ǵȍ ȗȖȑȔȈȑ Ȕȣ ȞȍȓȈȒȈȕȚȈ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȕȈ ǯȍȔ-
ȓȍ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȕȖ ȟȍȔ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ șȖȝȘȈ-
ȕȐȓȐșȤ ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘȣ Ȑ ȚȐȓȖȏȈȊȘȣ ǪșȚȘȍȟȈ ș ȚȐȓȖȏȈȊȘȖȔ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȈ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚ ȞȍȓȈȒȈȕȚȖȊ  ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȓȍȚ


496
Ȉ ȚȐȓȖȏȈȊȘȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ Ȑ  ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȓȍȚ ȕȈ-
ȏȈȌǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȉȍșșȗȖȘȕȖȑ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȉȣșȚȘțȦ Ȋ ȋȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ
 ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ-
șȒȐȝ ȧȡȍȘȖȊ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȊȐȌȖȊ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ
ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ  ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǵȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȋȘțȗȗȈ țȟȍȕȣȝ
DzȈȓȐȜȖȘȕȐȑșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ Ȋ ǩȍȘȒȓȐ șȖȏȌȈȓȈ ȕȖȊțȦ ȔȖ-
ȌȍȓȤ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȣ ǷȖ Ȑȝ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȗȘȐ-
ȟȐȕȖȑ ȍȍ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȗȣȓȤ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȊȠȈȧșȧ Ȋ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ șȚȖȓȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȣ ș ȈșȚȍȘȖȐȌȖȔ ȌȐȈȔȍȚȘȖȔ ȖȒȖȓȖ Ȍȍ-
șȧȚȐ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ ǻ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȋȐȗȖȚȍȏȣ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȈȝ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȈ ǭșȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȓȐȜȖȘȕȐȑȞȣ ȗȘȈȊȣ Ȑ ȈșȚȍȘȖȐȌ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
șȚȈȓ ȏȓȣȔ ȘȖȒȖȔ ȥȘȣ ȌȐȕȖȏȈȊȘȖȊ ȚȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȚȖȓȡȈ
ȊȖȌȣ ǴȐȘȖȊȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȓțȟȠȍȑ ȏȈȡȐȚȖȑ ȖȚ
ȗȣȓȐ ȟȍȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȖȗȧȚȤ-ȚȈȒȐ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȤ ȌȖȎȐȚȤ
ȌȖ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ț ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȔȖȕșȚȘȖȊ ȊȣȠȍ ȟȍȔ ț șțȝȖȗțȚ-
ȕȣȝ ǺȖ Ȏȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȋȐȗȖȚȍȏț
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚ ȉȣșȚȘțȦ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ ȘȍȏȒȐȔ ȗȖȊȣ-
ȠȍȕȐȍȔ ȜȖȕȈ ȘȈȌȐȈȞȐȐ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍȒȐȔ ȒȖșȔȐȟȍș-
ȒȐȔ ȒȈȚȈȒȓȐȏȔȖȔ ǶȒȍȈȕ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȚȈȉȐȓȍȕ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ
Ȑ ȍșȓȐ țȎ ȧȡȍȘȣ ȌȖȎȐȓȐ ȌȖ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȑȝ ȕȈȌȖ ȐșȒȈȚȤ Ȋ
ȖȒȍȈȕȍ
— ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȒȈȒ ȗȖȑȔȈȓȐ ȞȍȓȈȒȈȕȚȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȌȐ-
ȘȍȒȚȖȘ ǰȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȐȔȍȕȐ Ƿ Ƿ ȀȐȘȠȖȊȈ ǨȒȈ-
ȌȍȔȐȐ ȕȈțȒ ǹǹǹǸ ȟȓȍȕ-ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚ Ǩǵ ǹǹǹǸ ǨȕȌȘȍȑ
ǴȖȕȐȕ — ȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȎț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈ-
ȕȍ ȎȐȊțȚ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȕȈțȒȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ǵȈȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȍȕ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ țȓȤȚȘȈȈȉȐșșȈȓȐ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȠȍșȚȐ
ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ — ȇ ǫ
 ǺțȌȈ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣ-
ȊȈȓ ǹȗțșȒȐ ȚȘȈȓȖȊ ȐșȟȐșȓȧȦȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈȔȐ ǷȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȣȔ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȊȖȌȕȣȔ ȎȍȓȖȉȈȔ — ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț șȗțșȒț Ǫ
ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍȚȘȖȕțȚȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȔȖȋțȚ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȖȉȐ-
ȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȣ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ș ȕȍȖȗȐȓȐȕȖȔ.
ǹȍȑȟȈș ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȔȐȘȍ Ȑȝ ȗȖȑȔȈȓȐ ȠȚțȒ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ǰ Ȕȣ ȋȖȘ-
ȌȐȔșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ — Ȋ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȐ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȐȕșȚȐ-
ȚțȚȈ«


497
ǻȎȍ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȍȍșȧ ȌȈȚșȒȖȍ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȍ
șțȌȕȖ ©ǫȈȓȈȚȍȧª Ȋ ȔȈȍ  ȋȖȌȈ ț ȏȈȗȈȌȕȣȝ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǴȍȒ-
șȐȒȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖ ș ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ  ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȚȘȈȓ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ș ȊȐȌț ȕȐȟȍȔ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ
ȘȈȒțȠȍȒ ș ȎȐȊȣȔȐ ȔȖȓȓȦșȒȈȔȐ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȅȚȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȊȐȌ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȐ ț ȖȒȍȈȕȖȓȖȋȈ
ǽȍȕȐȕȋȈ dzȍȔȝȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȠȖȒȖȊȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔ șȊȖȐȔ Ǫ ȘȈȒțȠȒȍ șȐȌȍȓ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȕȍȖȗȐȓȐȕ ȔȖȓȓȦșȒ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ǯȍȔȓȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ ȗȖȓȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȈ ȓȍȚ ȕȈ-
ȏȈȌ Ȑ șȟȐȚȈȓșȧ ȊȣȔȍȘȠȐȔ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȓȍȚ
ȌȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȔȓȍȒȖȗȐȚȈȦȡȐȝ Ǩ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ
ȏȖȖȓȖȋ ǬȎȖȕ ǨȘȕȖȓȤȌ Ȑȏ ǫȈȊȈȑșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ ȖȉȕȈȘț-
ȎȐȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț ȖȚ ǫȖȕȖȓțȓț ȋȕȍȏȌȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȓȦș-
ȒȈ ș ȖȗȓȖȌȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȧȑȞȈȔȐ ©ǰșȒȖȗȈȍȔȣȑª ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȑ ȗȓȖ-
ȌȐȚșȧ
Dz ȥȚȖȔț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȍ ȒȈȕȌȐȌȈȚȈ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȝ ȕȈțȒ ǹȍȘȋȍȧ DzȓțȔȖȊȈ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȌȈȚșȒȖȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȒȐ
©ǵȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȈȔ-ȏȖȖȓȖȋȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ
ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȣȕȍ ȎȐȊțȡȐȑ ȗȓȍȟȍȕȖȋȐȑ ȔȖȓȓȦșȒ — ȓȐȕȋțȓȈ
— ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȍȌȍȚ șȊȖȦ ȘȖȌȖșȓȖȊȕțȦ ȖȚ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ șȐȓțȘȐȑșȒȖȔț ȗȍȘȐȖȌț ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȚ-
șȚȖȧȡȍȔț ȖȚ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȥȗȖȝȐ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈ “ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ”  ȔȐȓ-
ȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȓȍȚ«ª
ǺȈȒ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȗȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȦ șȖ ©șȚȈȘȐȟȒȈȔȐª ȕȍȖȗȐȓȐȕȖȔ Ȑ ȓȐȕȋțȓȖȔ Ȋȣ-
ȋȓȧȌȐȚ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ©ȦȕȖȠȍȑª"
ǩȍȘȕȈȘ ȅȑȊȍȓȤȔȈȕș ȉȣȓ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȘȈȊ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
ȟȚȖ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧª ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȦȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȚȘȐșȚȈ ȓȍȚ.
ǭșȚȤ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȈȕȕȐȍ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ǭȡȍ ǨȘȐșȚȖȚȍȓȤ ȗȐșȈȓ
Ȗ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȘȍȌȒȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȕȈ șȚȊȖȓȣ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȘȣȉȈȒȐ Ǫ ǸțȔȣȕȐȐ
ȕȈȑȌȍȕȈ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȈȧ ȈȕȚȐȟȕȈȧ șȒțȓȤȗȚțȘȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȦȡȈȧ
©ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧª ș ȋȘȐȊȖȑ Ǫ ©ǰșȚȖȘȐȐ șȍȊȍȘȕȣȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊª
ǶȓȈțșȈ ǴȈȋȕțșȈ ȌȈȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ  ȋȖȌȖȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ ©Ǫșȍ ȒȚȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȍȚ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǵȖȘȊȍȋȐȐ Șȣ-
ȉȈȟȐȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȐȓȐ ȚȖȘȋțȍȚ șȖȘȍȊȕțȦȚșȧ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ Ȋ ȘȈș-


498
șȒȈȏȣȊȈȕȐȐ ȐșȚȖȘȐȑ Ȗ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȎȐ-
ȊȍȚ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ șȒȈȓȈȝ ȉȓȐȏ ǩȍȘȋȍȕȈª
ǵȍ ȔȖȋț țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȜȈȒȚȖȊ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ǫ ȔȈȍ  ȋȖȌȈ ȒȈȕȈȌșȒȐȍ
ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȖȝȖȎțȦ ȕȈ ȏȔȍȐȕțȦ ȖȕȈ ©ȉȣȓȈ
ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȈ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȚȖ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȚȖ ȖȚȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌª
ǷȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ șȗțșȚȧ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȜȘȍȋȈȚȈ ©Ǭȍ-
ȌȈȓțșª ȏȈȘȐșȖȊȈȓȐ ©ȏȔȍȧª ȖȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈșȈ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ Ȑȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ǹ  ȗȖ  ȋȖȌ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ  ȘȈȏȈ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȘȈȑȖȕȈȝ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șȒȍȗȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ țȟȍ-
ȕȣȝ Ȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȞȍȊ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª ȉȣȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕ ȕȈțȒȖȑ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕȍ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȋ șȊȍȚ ȒȕȐȋȈ
ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȈȌȈ Ȋ ǫȈȈȋȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǻȌȍȔȈȕșȈ
ȖȏȈȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ©ǫȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȑ ȕȈțȟȕȣȑ ȖȉȏȖȘ  ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȞȍȊ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ©ȏȔȍȧª ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ țȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈțȒȐ ȅȚȐȔȐ ©ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ ǵȍȗȚțȕȈª ȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȍ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐ ȅ ǴȐȌ-ǻȖȓȌȖ Ȑ ǴȈȑȒȓ ǬȎȖȕ ǵȐ-
ȒȖȓȓ ȗȓȣȊȠȐȍ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǩȘȈȏȐȓȐȐ ȕȈ ȧȝȚȍ ©ǪȈȓȋȈȓȓȈª
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȖȊȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ dzȍȖȕȐȌ ǫȖȘȧȟȐȑ
ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ Ȋ ȔȈȍ  ȋȖȌȈ ȕȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǺȈș-
ȔȈȕȐȐ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȑ ȕȈ ȓȖȠȈ-
ȌȐȕțȦ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ©ȒȈȒ ȉȓȦȌȞȈª ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
DzȈȕȌȐȌȈȚ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȕȈțȒ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȕȈțȟȕȣȑ șȖȚ-
ȘțȌȕȐȒ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ ȘȣȉȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȖȒȍȈ-
ȕȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ ǺǰǵǸǶ
 Ǩ DzțȏȤȔȐȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ǺȐȝȖȔ Ȑ
ǰȕȌȐȑșȒȖȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȈȝ ȔȍȎȌț  Ȑ  ȋȘȈȌțșȈȔȐ ȦȎȕȖȑ ȠȐȘȖ-
Țȣ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȍ ȘȣȉȈȒȐ Ȑ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓȐ ©ȒȐȚȖȔ-ȌȖȓȋȖȕȖșȐȒȖȔª ǹț-
Ȍȧ ȗȖ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȧȔ ȥȚȖȚ șȊȍȚȓȖ-ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȑ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ
ȌȖ ȠȍșȚȐ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȒȐȚȈ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȌȍȓȤȜȐȕȈ ȕȐ
ȕȈ ȗȓȈȊțȕȈ ȐȓȐ ȉțȚȣȓȒȖȕȖșȈ ȏȈȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȐȝȚȐȖ-
ȏȈȊȘȈ ǰȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ȟȚȖ <ȝȖȚȧ> ȚȍȓȈ ©ȌȖȓȋȖȕȖșȐȒȈª ȟȈșȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȘȈȏț ȖȚȔȍ-
ȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ șȓȍȌȖȔ ȏȈ ȗȓȣȊțȡȐȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȌȊȍ Ȟȍ-
ȗȖȟȒȐ ȒȘțȋȖȊȣȝ ȏȈȊȐȝȘȍȕȐȑ ȊȖȌȣ DzȐȚȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȖȏȌȈȦȚ ȚȖȓȤ-


499
ȒȖ ȖȌȕț ȞȍȗȖȟȒț ȚȈȒȐȝ ȏȈȊȐȝȘȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȕȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȦȚ ©ȉȓȐȕȈȔȐª ©ǩȓȐȕȣª ©ȌȖȓȋȖȕȖșȐȒȈª ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ
Ȉ ȥȓȓȐȗșȖȐȌȕȣȍ Ȑ șȖȏȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȦ ȒȐȗȧȡȍȑ ȊȖȌȣ
DzțȏȤȔȐȕ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȐȠȍȚ ©ǴȖȘȧȒȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ȐșȒȖȗȈȍ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȧȡȍȘȈ« ǴȈȓȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ șȖ-
ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȈȓȍȖȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ șȖ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚ-
ȊȈȔȐ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȞȍȊ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȦȋȖ-ȏȈȗȈȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȖȉȐȚȈȦȚ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȓȍȏȐȖ-
ȏȈȊȘȖȊ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȔȍȏȖȏȈȊȘȖȊ șȟȐȚȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȊȣȔȍȘȠȐȔȐ Ȋ ȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȍȔȍȓȖȊțȦ ȥȗȖȝț ȔȍȏȖȏȖȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ  ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌª
ǷȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘ ǴȍȏȖȏȈȊȘ ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȌȖȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ
ȗȖ ȗȈȓȍȖȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȓȐȠȤ șȟȐȚȈȕȕȣȍ țȟȍȕȣȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍ-
șȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ©ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȔȍȍȔª Ȑ ȔȈȓȖ ȒȚȖ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȚȈȒ
ȟȚȖ Ȗ ©ȕȈȊȍȧȕȕȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȍª ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ
ǰȚȈȒ ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘ ȧȡȍȘ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȊȠȐȑ ȌȍȊȧȚȐ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȌȓȐ-
ȕȣ ©ǺȍȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȗțș ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ ș ȗȘȐ-
ȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȤȔȧ ȓȈșȚȈȔȐ — ȟȐȚȈȦ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȈ Ȑ ȗȈȓȍȖȕȚȖȓȖȋȈ ȅ Ǹȍȑ-dzȈȕȒȍșȚȍ-
ȘȈ “ǪȣȔȍȘȠȐȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ” ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ  ȋȖȌȈ
 —
Ȁȍȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ ț ȓȍȉȍȌȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚȈȧ ș
ȔȖȋțȟȐȔȐ ȟȍȓȦșȚȧȔȐ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ȏȈȖșȚȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ Ƕȕ țȔȍȓ ȗȓȈȊȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȖȌ
ȊȖȌȖȑ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȗȐȚȈȓșȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Șȣ-
ȉȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȔȖȋ șȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȚȤ ș ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȝ ȧȡȍȘȖȊ Ȑ ȗȚȐȞª
ǴȍȏȖȏȈȊȘȖȊ ȖȒȘȍșȚȐȓ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȗȈȓȍȖȕ-
ȚȖȓȖȋ ǮȖȘȎ DzȦȊȤȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȌȖȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȥȒ-
ȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ șȒȍȓȍȚȈ ȧȡȍȘȈ Ȋ ȒȈȔȍȕȖȓȖȔȕȧȝ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ǴȈȈșȚ-
ȘȐȝȚȖȔ ȕȈ ȘȍȒȍ Ǵȍȏȍ ǴȈȈșȍ
 ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȐȔȐ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓ-
șȧ Ȑ șȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȐȝ ©ȏȔȍȍȊȐȌȕȣȝª ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ
ȘȍȗȚȐȓȐȑ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕț  ȔȍȚȘȈ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ
ȗȈȓȍȖȕȚȖȓȖȋ DzȖțȗ ǪȕȍȠȕȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘȈ ȚȈ
Ȏȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ Ƞȍȧ ȏțȉȈșȚȈȧ ȗȈșȚȤ ȓȈșȚȣ-ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȚȐȓȖȏȈȊȘ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȉȐȓȈ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȈȧ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȈȧ ȓȖȌȒȈ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȖȗȐșȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȈȓȍȖȕȚȖȓȖȋ
ǿȈȘȓȏ ȀȚȍȘȕȉȍȘȋ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ ©ǮȐȏȕȤ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈ ȏȈ ȐșȒȖ-
ȗȈȍȔȣȔȐª ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȚȖȎȍ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț



500
©ǪȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǷȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȊȘȈȋ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖ-
ȎȐȚȤșȧ ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ǶȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȍȚ ȟȍȚȣȘȤȔȧ ȔȖȡȕȣȔȐ ȓȈș-
ȚȈȔȐ ȖȕȖ ș țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȐȔ șȊȐșȚȖȔ ȊȣȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȚ ȘȈȏȌȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȅȚȖ ȠȐȗȍȕȐȍ — ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȊțȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȖȕȖ
ȊȣȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț ǫȐȉȒȈȧ Ƞȍȧ Ȑ țȋȘȍȊȐȌȕȣȑ ȝȊȖșȚ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȦȚ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȚȍȓȖ ȏȔȍȐ Ȑ ȋȘțȏȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ
ȉȘȖșȈȍȚșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ șȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈȦȡȍȑ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ ȘȈșșȍȒȈȧ
ȊȖȌț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȍȕȐȚșȧ ȗȖ ȉȖȒȈȔ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȉȍȋȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈȓȍȚȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȕȍșțȡȈȧșȧ ȧȝȚȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȖȡȕȣȔ ȚȈȘȈȕȖȔ-ȒȓȦȊȖȔ ȖȕȖ
ȗȘȖȕȏȈȍȚ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȊȘȈȋȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȗȓȈȊȈȚȤ ȖȒȘȖ-
ȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȍ
ȓȈșȚȣ ȖȕȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȉȖȑ Ȋșȍ ȎȐȊȣȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȣȔȐ ȖȕȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚȊțȍȚª
ǹȖȋȓȈșȐȚȍșȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȧȝ ȗȘȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȚ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ș ȕȈȠȐȔ ȋȍȘȖȍȔ — ©ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȔȍȍȔª
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ șȊȍȚȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȊȣȠȍșȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ țȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȐȕȈȟȍ ȊȐȌȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȓȍȚȕȐȑ șȗȖȘ Ȗ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȔ ȓȖȝ-
ȕȍșșȒȖȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ Ȗ ǵȍșșȐ ȒȈȒ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋȐ-
ȗȖȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȕșȚȘȈ Ȋ ȀȖȚȓȈȕȌȐȐ
ǹțȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȗȖȘȈ șȜȖȘȔțȓȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȍȋȒȖ ǶȌȕȐ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ — ȉțȌȍȔ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȟȐșȚȖ țșȓȖȊȕȖ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ
 ȜȈȕȚȈ-
ȏȍȘȈȔȐ — șȟȐȚȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȠȖȚȓȈȕȌșȒȖȔ ȖȏȍȘȍ dzȖȝ-ǵȍșș ȌȖ
șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȎȐȊțȚ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȕȈțȒȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ǬȘțȋȐȍ — ȕȈ-
ȏȖȊȍȔ Ȑȝ șȒȍȗȚȐȒȈȔȐ — țȉȍȎȌȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ.
dzȖȝ-ǵȍșș — ȒȘțȗȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȖȏȍȘȖ ȀȖȚȓȈȕȌȐȐ ǷȖ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȖȕȖ
ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȕȈȠ ǩȈȑȒȈȓ ȕȖ ȕȍșȘȈȊȕȍȕȕȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȌȓȐȕȈ
ȖȒȖȓȖ  ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȠȐȘȐȕȈ ȌȖ  ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈ ȌȖ
 ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ǻȘȖȊȍȕȤ ȖȏȍȘȈ ȕȈ  ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȊȣȠȍ țȘȖȊȕȧ ȔȖȘȧ
ȖȚșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ  ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ ǷȖ ȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȋȍȖȓȖȋȖȊ
ȖȏȍȘȖ — ȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȜȐȖȘȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ Ȍȍȧ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȈ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕ ȖȚ ȔȖȘȧ - Țȣșȧȟ ȓȍȚ ȕȈ-
ȏȈȌ ǬȕȖ șȒȈȓȐșȚȖȍ ș ȚȘȍȡȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȗȍȡȍȘȈȔȐ
ǪȖȌȈ ȗȘȍșȕȈȧ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȘȏȈȍȚ Ǫ ȖȏȍȘȖ ȊȚȍȒȈȍȚ
șȍȔȤ ȘȍȒ ȊȣȚȍȒȈȍȚ ȖȌȕȈ dzȖȝ-ǵȍșș ȉȖȋȈȚȖ ȘȣȉȖȑ ȚȈȔ ȓȖȊȧȚ-
șȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȌȍȓȐȒȈȚȍșȣ ȒȈȒ ȓȖșȖșȤ țȋȖȘȤ Ȑ ȜȖȘȍȓȤ ȅȚȖ
șȈȔȣȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȘȍșȕȖȊȖȌȕȣȑ ȊȖȌȖȍȔ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȉȘȐȚȈȕȐȐ


501
Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȚȤ
ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȓȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȍ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȍ-ȓȐȉȖ ȒȘțȗȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ"
ǹȒȍȗȚȐȒȐ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȗȘȖȝȖ-
ȌȐȊȠȐȑ ȓȍȌȕȐȒ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȥȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ ǵȖ
ȊȍȌȤ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȒȈȒ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȍ dzȖȝ-ǵȍșșȈ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑȏ
ȜȐȖȘȌȈ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȖ dzȍȌȕȐȒ ȕȍ ȥȒșȗȘȍșș Ȗȕ ȌȊȐȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍ Ȕȍșȧ-
Ȟȣ ȕȍ ȋȖȌȣ Ȉ ȊȍȒȈ ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȣ șȓțȟȈȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȗȘȍșȕȖȊȖȌ-
ȕȣȝ ȊȖȌȖȍȔȈȝ ǹȐȉȐȘȐ Ȑ DzȈȕȈȌȣ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ ȚȦȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ȟȐșȚȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȜȈțȕȣ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ,
ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȦ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȔȖȍȑ șȚȈȚȤȐ Ȗ ǵȍșșȐ Ȋ ©DzȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤ-
șȒȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȍª ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚ ȔȖșȒȊȐȟȈ ǰ Ǵ ǫȖȘȓȐ-
ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȣȌȊȐȋȈȍȚ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕțȦ ȋȐȗȖȚȍȏț ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȟȚȖ
dzȖȝ-ǵȍșș ȕȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȔ ȔȍșȚȖȔ ȖȉȐȚȈȕȐȧ ȟțȌȖȊȐ-
ȡȈ ©ȅȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȐȓȐ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȔȍșȚ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȍ ȒțȌȈ ȥȚȐ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐȗȓȣȊȈȦȚ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȖ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ
țȝȖȌȧ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȣª. ǫȖȘȓȐȕ ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌțȍȚ ȗȖȐșȒȈȚȤ
ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕțȦ ȘȍȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȚȤ ȖȏȍȘȖ ș ȔȖȘȍȔ
ǿȚȖ Ȏ ȕȍ ȊȐȎț Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȋȖ
ǫȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȑ ȈȘȋțȔȍȕȚ ȕȍ Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț ǵȍșșȐ ȟȍȔ
ȓȍȌȕȐȒ — ȏȈȒȖȕȣ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȎȐȊȣȝ șȖȖȉȡȍșȚȊ Ǫ ȉȍșȍ-
Ȍȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȘțȗȕȍȑȠȐȝ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȖȊ ȗȖ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ
ȔȓȍȒȖȗȐȚȈȦȡȐȔ ȟȓȍȕ-ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚ ǨȒȈȌȍȔȐȐ ȕȈțȒ ǹǹǹǸ
ǨȓȍȒșȍȑ ȇȉȓȖȒȖȊ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ ȎȐȊȣȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȏȈ Ȑș-
ȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȔ
 ȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣ
ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȑ ǶȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȍȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȚȧȚșȧ
©ȊȖȓȕȣ ȎȐȏȕȐª ȒȈȒ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ Ȑȝ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȕȈȠ ȉȐȖȓȖȋ
ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȐȟ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȧȒȖȊ ǻ ȔȓȍȒȖȗȐȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȟȐșȓȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐ ȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ - ȘȈȏ ț ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ șȈ-
ȘȈȕȟȐ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ — Ȋ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȘȈȏ ǿȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȥȚȐ
ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊȣȎȐȚȤ ȓȦȉȈȧ ȗȖȗțȓȧȞȐȧ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ
ȕȈșȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȚȍȕ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȖȊ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȊȐȌ ȕȍȗȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȚțȝȕȍȚ ǭșȓȐ Ȋ dzȖȝ-ǵȍșșȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ


502
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȥȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȔ ȗȖȗțȓȧȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȒȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȏȕȈ-
ȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȟȐșȓȈ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȑ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ǵȍșșȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȧȕțȚȤ - Țȣșȧȟ ȓȍȚ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ Ȋ Ȑȝ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȚȕȖșȧșȤ șȒȍȗȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȍȘ-
șȖȕȈȓȤȕȖ Ȓ ǵȍșșȐ ȧ șȟȐȚȈȦ ȟȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȑ șȖȔ-
ȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ
ȘȍȗȚȐȓȐȑ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț țȎȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȍȕȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ«
ǯȈȒȖȕ ȍșȚȤ ȏȈȒȖȕ ȚțȚ ǨȓȍȒșȍȑ ǪȓȈȌȐȔȐȘȖȊȐȟ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
ȗȘȈȊ ǵȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȍșȤ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȕȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȎȐȊȍȚ
ȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ǵȍșșȐ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȍ Ȉ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȝ ȚȈȔ
ǨȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȍ ȥȒȖȓȖȋȐ ȗȖȌșȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȣ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈșȣ
ȉȐȖȔȈșșȣ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȍ Ȋ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȋȈȘȈȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȊȣȎȐȊȈȍ-
ȔȖșȚȤ ȘȖȌȈ ǵȍșșȐ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȕȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȑȝ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȔȖȋțȚ Ȋ
ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȍ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȊȐȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȖȏȍȘȖ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȒȖȘ-
ȔȐȚ Ǩ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȍ ț ǵȍșșȐ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȕȍȚ ǰȚȈȒ ȗȖ-
șȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȈȎȕȣȑ ȊȣȊȖȌ ȕȍȒȖȍ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ Ȋ dzȖȝ-ǵȍșșȍ Ȋ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȍ ȎȐȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȍ ȕȈȘț-
ȠȈȧ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ
ǷȖȑȌȍȔ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȧ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖȋȖ șȒȍȗȚȐȞȐȏȔȈ ǭșȓȐ
ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȘțȗȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ Ȋ dzȖȝ-ǵȍșșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȚȈȔ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ȒȘȈȑȕȧȧ ȚȖȟȒȈ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ șțȡȍ-
șȚȊțȍȚ ǪȖȖȉȡȍ ȚȈȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȘȖȏȣȋȘȣȠ ȝȐȚȘȣȝ
ȠȖȚȓȈȕȌȞȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȈ ȌȖȊȍȘ-
ȟȐȊȣȝ ȚțȘȐșȚȈȝ ȗȖȒțȗȈȦȡȐȝ șțȊȍȕȐȘȣ
ǿȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȐȔȟȐȊȣȍ ȠȖȚȓȈȕȌȞȣ ȏȈȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȕȈ ǵȍș-
șȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑ ȕȍȔȈȓȣȍ — ȐșȚȐȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ǭșȓȐ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȍȍ-
ȓȖ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȣȔȐ ȐȋȘțȠȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣ-
ȔȐ șțȊȍȕȐȘȈȔȐ ș ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍșșȐ-
ȉȐȏȕȍș șȚȈȓ ȒțȌȈ șȖȓȐȌȕȍȍ ǵȈ ȊȖȌț ȖȏȍȘȈ ȓȍȚȖȔ  ȋȖȌȈ
ȉȣȓȈ șȗțȡȍȕȈ ȚțȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȧȝȚȈ ©ǨȚȓȈȕȚȐșª ȖșȕȈȡȍȕȕȈȧ
ȘȈȌȈȘȈȔȐ Ȑ șȖȕȈȘȈȔȐ ǯȈ ȗȖȐȔȒț ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕ ȗȘȐȏ
Ȋ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȍ ȌȍșȧȚȐ Țȣșȧȟ ȜțȕȚȖȊ șȚȍȘȓȐȕȋȖȊ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ,
ȟȚȖ ȉȐȓȍȚ ȕȈ ȧȝȚț șȚȖȐȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȈ Ȋ ȗȈșșȈ-
ȎȐȘȈȝ ȕȍȚ ǹ țȟȍȚȖȔ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȗ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȔ ȊȐȌȍ


503
©ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧª ȘțșșȒȈȧ ȗȘȐșȒȈȏȒȈ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ
ȠȖȚȓȈȕȌȞȣ ȥȒșȗȓțȈȚȐȘțȦȚ ǵȍșșȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȝȊȖșȚ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȘȐȊț
ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȋșȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ǵȍșșȐ ȓȐȠȤ ȘȖȏȣȋȘȣȠ ȔȍșȚȕȣȝ
ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȏȈȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȈ șȍȕșȈȞȐȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȚȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋ
ȥȚȖȔ ȘȖȏȣȋȘȣȠȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ țȟȈșȚȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȕȐȒȈ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȀȖȚȓȈȕȌȐȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȍ Ȑ ȖȚ ȊșȚȘȍȟ ș ǵȍș-
șȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȣȋȖȌȣ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȈȦȡȐȍ" ǰ ȌȓȐȚșȧ ȥȚȖȚ
©ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ ȠțȚȕȐȒȖȊª țȎȍ șȚȖ ȓȍȚ ǷȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȚȘțȌ-
ȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ǵȍșșȐ
ǵȈ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȧȝ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȕȐȧ ǵȍșșȐ șȚȖȧȚ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȐȍ țȟȍȕȣȍ ǬȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȈȒȊȈȘȐțȔȈ dzȖȕȌȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȏȖȖȗȈȘȒȈ ȗȘȧ-
ȔȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȓȐȞȖ ©ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȔȈșșȖȊȖȑ
ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȐª ǨȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȐșȚ DzȘȐșȚȖȜȍȘ ǩȖȓȓ ȗȐ-
ȠȍȚ ©ǵȍ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȧȝ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕ ȒțșȖȒ
ȏȈȚȖȕțȊȠȍȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȐȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚª ǬȖȒ-
ȚȖȘ ǩȍȘȚȖȕ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȋțșȚȖȒ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ ǷțșȚȤ ȚȈȒ
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȉȘȍȊȕȈ Ȑ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȐ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ șȖ șȒȖȘȖ-
șȚȤȦ  Ȉ ȗȖ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȌȈȕȕȣȔ —  ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ Ȋ ȟȈș ȊȍȌȤ
ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ șȒȖȘȖșȚȐ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ ȐȓȐ Țȍȓ"
ȏȈȜȐȒșȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ țȓȤȚȘȈȏȊțȒȖȊȣȍ șȖȕȈȘȣ ǵȈȗȖȔȕȦ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ
ȚȍȟȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȍ ȕȍȚ ǰ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȉȘȍȊȕȈ Ȑ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȚȖ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȦȚ ȚȖ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȦȚșȧ"
ǯȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȝ ȈȘȋțȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ǵȍș-
șȐ ț ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ȇȘȖșȓȈȊșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐ-
ȚȍȚȈ Ƿ ǫ ǶȠȔȈȘȐȕȈ ǷȘȐȊȍȌț ȖȚȘȣȊȖȒ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ©ǩȐȖ-
ȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȔȣșȓ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȊȣșȖ-
ȒȖ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ Ƞȍȍ ȏȈȒȓȦ-
ȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ
ȐȓȐ ȕȈ șțȠȍ ǭșȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ ǵȍșșȐ ȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ
ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȌȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȒȐȚȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȕȍ
ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȐȡȈ ȊȘȈȋȐ
— Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȚȖȓȡȍ ȊȖȌȣ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ ș șȍȉȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ șȐȋȕȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȈȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȒȈȒ ț ȒȐȚȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ Ȑ Șȣȉ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ —
ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȧª ǻȟȍȕȣȑ Ȑȏ ȇȘȖșȓȈȊȓȧ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ șȘȍȌȐ
©ȖȟȍȊȐȌȞȍȊª ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ǵȍșșȐ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ țȎ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȋțȕȖȊ.


504
ǹȒȖȘȍȍ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ — ȎȍȘȚȊȣ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐȝ ȏȈȉȓțȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȑ
©«ǵȈȌȖ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȍ
ȓȖȝ-ȕȍșșȒȖȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȐ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȧ ȗȘȐ ȚȖȔ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȔȍȚȖȌȣ Ȑș-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȐ Ȓ ȗȘȍȎȌȍȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȐ-
ȉȍȓȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȐȓȐ șțȡȍșȚȊ
ª — ȗȐȠțȚ Ȋ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈ-
ȘȐȐ Ȓ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȖȑ șȚȈȚȤȍ ȟȓȍȕ-ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚ ǨȒȈȌȍȔȐȐ ȕȈțȒ
ǹǹǹǸ Ǩ ǮȐȘȔțȕșȒȐȑ Ȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȋȍȖȓȖȋȖ-ȔȐȕȍȘȈȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȕȈțȒ ǭ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ
ǺȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖȍ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖȍ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȍ ȓȖȝ-ȕȍșșȒȖȑ ȏȈȋȈȌ-
ȒȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ șțȚȐ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȤ ȊȍȒȈ
ǭșȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȝ Ȑȝ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȈȔȐ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȍȡȍ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȒȖȋȌȈ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȣ Ȑȏ DzȍȔȉȘȐȌȎȈ
Ȑ ǶȒșȜȖȘȌȈ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȓȐ ȕȖȊȍȑȠȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȐ șȖȕȈȘȣ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȑ ȜȐȘȔȖȑ ©ǴȈȘȒȖ-
ȕȐª DzȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎțȡȐȍșȧ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȣ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȍȕȣ ȕȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȟȍȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȖȊ ǯȈȚȍȔ ǵȍșșȐ ȏȈȕȧȓȐșȤ ȈȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȈȕȞȣ ǸȖȉȍȘȚ ǸȈȑȕș Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȘȈșșȚȈȊȐȓ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ
ȔȐȒȘȖȜȖȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐ ȠțȔȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȣ Ȑ
ȜȖȚȖȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȣ ǷȍȘȊȣȍ șȕȐȔȒȐ  ȋȖȌȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ Țț-
ȔȈȕȕȣ Ȑ ǸȈȑȕș țȗȖȘȕȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȊȖȦ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚțȘț
Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ȕȈ ȖȏȍȘȖ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȐ ȧȗȖȕȞȣ ǪȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ȖȕȐ
ȏȈȒȈȏȈȓȐ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȍ ȓȖȌȒȐ ș ȋȐȌȘȖȈȒțșȚȐȟȍș-
ȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȓȐ ȘțȎȤȧ șȚȘȍȓȧȦȡȐȍ ȈȕȍșȚȍȏȐȘțȦ-
ȡȐȔȐ ȏȈȘȧȌȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȏȈșȚȘȧȓȐ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ ȜȖȚȖȒȈ-
ȔȍȘȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȋȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȖȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȕȍțȘȧȌȐȞȣ ȐȏȔțȟȐȓȐ ȧȗȖȕȞȍȊ Ȑ ȖȕȐ țȍȝȈȓȐ ȕȐ ș ȟȍȔ
ǺȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȕȍțȚȖȔȐȔȣȑ ǸȈȑȕș șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȊȖȦ
șȐșȚȍȔț Ȑ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȍȔț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ șȕȐȔȒȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȐ ȊșȍȔȐȘȕȣȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș ǶȕȐ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȋ șȖ-
ȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ Ȉ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ Ȑȝ ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖșȊȧ-
ȡȍȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȓȈȔȍȕȚȈ ǿȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȊȈȎȕȖ ȥȚȐ șȕȐȔȒȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȈȚ ȕȐ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȧȔ ǵȍș-
șȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȔ Ȋ  Ȑ Ȋ  ȋȖȌȈȝ ȕȐ țșȚȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȕȐȧȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȞȍȊ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȟȈȚȖșȚȤ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤ Ȑ ȔȈșșȐȊȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ
ȖȏȍȘȈ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȠȍȦ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȑ ȝȊȖșȚ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒ


505
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȋȖȌ — 1976-ȑ — ȕȈ ȖȏȍȘȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ țȎȍ ȌȊȍ
ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ — ȖȒȖȓȖ șȖȘȖȒȈ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȚȍȝȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȖșȕȈȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȜȖȚȖȒȈȔȍȘȈ-
ȔȐ ȊȣșȖȒȖȟȈșȚȖȚȕȣȔȐ șȖȕȈȘȈȔȐ ȜȐȒșȐȘțȦȡȐȔȐ ȓȦȉȖȑ
ȚȊȍȘȌȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȌ-
ȒȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖȑ.
ǬȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȖ șȖȓȐȌȕȖ ȒȖȔȗȓȍȒșȕȈȧ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧ
ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȋȍȖȓȖȋȐȦ ȖȏȍȘȈ ȍȋȖ ȜȈțȕț ȜȓȖȘț ȋȐȌȘȖȓȖȋȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȍ ȘȍȎȐȔȣ — ȒȖȘȖȟȍ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ ȌȈȚȤ ȗȖȓȕțȦ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȐȕț ȎȐȏȕȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȖȌȖȍȔȈ
ǫȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȥȚȐȝ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȑ șȚȈȓȐ șȖȕȈȘ-
ȕȣȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋ -17 ȔȍȚȘȈȝ ȖȚ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ
ȊȖȌȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȜȐȒșȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȌȊȐȎțȡȐȍșȧ ȚȍȓȈ ȌȓȐ-
ȕȖȑ ȖȚ  ȌȖ  ȔȍȚȘȖȊ
ǶȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ șȖȕȈȘ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȌȊȈ ȚȍȓȈ ȌȊȐȎțȡȐȍșȧ ȘȧȌȖȔ
ǯȈȗȐșȈȕ Ȑ ȒȖșȧȒ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȘȣȉȍȠȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șțȌȧ ȗȖ Ȋșȍ-
Ȕț șȗȈșȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ǻȟȈșȚȕȐȒ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐ-
ȞȐȑ ȒȈȕȈȌșȒȐȑ ȗȈȓȍȖȕȚȖȓȖȋ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ DzȘȐșȚȖȜȍȘ ǴȈȒȋȖȊȍȕ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ
— ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȖȒ Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȔȐȜȍ ȐȓȐ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȘȕȖȔ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊȍ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȍ ȕȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȔ,
ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȏȊȍȘȤ
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȖȉȕȈȌȍȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ țșȗȍȝȐ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȑ ȅȔȖȘȐ DzȘȐșȚȖȜ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȣȊȖȌ ©Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȎȌȈȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȔ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȣ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș șȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȌȐȒȐȔ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧȔ ȚȖ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȉȣ
ȗȖȌ țȌȈȘ ȊșȦ ȕȈțȟȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚțª
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȊȖȚ  ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ  ȋȖ-
ȌȈ — ȕȖȊȈȧ șȍȕșȈȞȐȧ ȗȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔț ȚȍȓȍȊȐȌȍȕȐȦ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȕ ȔȐȕțȚȕȣȑ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȤșȒȐȑ ȒȐȕȖȜȐȓȤȔ șȕȧ-
Țȣȑ ȕȍȒȖȑ ȔȐșșȐș ǹȔȐȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȖȏȍȘȈ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș șȍȔȤȍȑ ǰȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȍȍ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ Ƞȍȍ ǴțȎ ȔȐșșȐș ǹȔȐȚ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘ-
ȌȐȓ ȌȈ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț«
ǸȈȑȕș țȗȖȘȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȖȏȍȘȍ dzȖȝ-ǵȍșș ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ
ȓȍȚ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ


506
ȔȖȕșȚȘȈ ȔȖȋ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȚȤ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȍȞ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȓȍȚȖȔ  ȋȖ-
ȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȈ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȈȧ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȘȈȉȖȚȈȊȠȈȧ ȕȈ ȖȏȍȘȍ ȉȍȓȍȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȕȐȓȐ ȕȖȊȍȑȠȐȍ țȓȤȚȘȈȏȊțȒȖȊȣȍ ȓȖȒȈȚȖȘȣ ǰȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ
șȖȘȖȒ ȘȈȏ 
 ȏȈȗȍȓȍȕȋȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȘțȗȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȗȖȌ
ȊȖȌȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ Ǫ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ©țȓȤȚȘȈȏȊțȒȖȊțȦ ȚȍȕȤ ǵȍșșȐª ȏȈȜȐȒșȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ
ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈȝ ȖȚ  ȌȖ  ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȗȘȍșȕȖȊȖȌȕȣȍ Șȣ-
ȉȣ ȖȉȐȚȈȦȡȐȍ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ Ǹț-
ȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ ǨȌȘȐȈȕ ȀȈȑȕ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ
— ǽȖȚȧ ȕȈȔ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ
șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȊțȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȈȋȕȐȚȖȜȖȕ-
ȕțȦ ȗȓȍȕȒț ȌȈȍȚ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȐșȗțșȒȈȍȚ
ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ« Ǵȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȊȍȘȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ ǵȍș-
șȐ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ Ȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ șȕȈȘȧȌȐȔ ȕȖȊțȦ ȥȒș-
ȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ dzȖȝ-ǵȍșșȈ«
ȀȈȑȕ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕ ȟȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȒȖȓ-
ȓȍȋȈ DzȘȐșȚȖȜ Ƕȕ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȈȧ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ 
ȋȖȌȈ — ȗȖȌȌȍȓȒȈ Ȉ ǵȍșșȐ — ȕȐȒȈȒȖȍ ȕȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ Ȉ ©șȒȖ-
Șȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ — ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȈȧ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȜȖȘȍȓȤ ȖȉȐȚȈȦȡȈȧ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȍ Ȑ
ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȦȡȈȧ ȗȖȘȖȑ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊª
DzȘȖȔȍ șȖȓȐȌȕȣȝ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖșȕȈȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȑ ȉȍȏ
țșȚȈȓȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ Ȑ ȉȍȌȕȣȍ ȋȘțȗȗ-
ȒȐ ȥȕȚțȏȐȈșȚȖȊ Ȉ ȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȣȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȒȐ ǵȍ-
ȌȖșȚȈȚȒȈ Ȋ ȊȣȌțȔȒȈȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȀȖȚȓȈȕȌȍȞ ǹȚȐȊȍȕ ǽȖȑȚȓ șȒȖȕ-
șȚȘțȐȘȖȊȈȓ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕțȦ șȍȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȖȚȓȖȊȈ ǵȍșșȐ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈ-
ȕȍȞ Ǭțȥȑȕ ǴȈȘȠȈȓȓ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ șȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ǵȍșșȐ ș
ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȌȘȍșșȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȌȍȓȤȜȐȕȖȊ Ǫ ȒțȘȖȘȚ-
ȕȖȔ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȒȍ ǩȓȥȒȗțȓȍ ȕȍȒȐȑ ǹȚȐȊȍȕ ǻȈȑȚȓ ȗȖ-
șȚȘȖȐȓ Ȑȏ șȚȍȒȓȖȊȖȓȖȒȕȈ ȚȘțȉț-ȓȖȊțȠȒț ȌȐȈȔȍȚȘȖȔ ȖȒȖȓȖ
ȠȍșȚȐ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ǭȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȠȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔȍ
ȗȖșȈȌȐȊ ȊȕțȚȘȤ ȚȘțȉȣ Șȣȉ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȔȈȕȒȐ ǵȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ©ȕȍș-
șȐȓȖȊȒțª ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȐȋȕȖȘȐȘȖȊȈȓȖ ǵȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȒȘȐȗȚȖȏȖȖ-
ȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ǹȀǨ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȖ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍ-
ȋȈȝ dzȖȝ-ǵȍșșȈ ȜȖȚȖȘȖȉȖȚȖȊ ȕȈȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ Țȍȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȦȚ
ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ ȉȈȕȒȐ
Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ǸȖȉȍȘȚ ǸȈȑȕș ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȍ șȖȕȈȘȕȣȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȐ ȕȖ țȊȣ ȉȍȏȘȍȏțȓȤ-


507
ȚȈȚȕȖ DzȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍțȌȈȟȐ șȚȘȈșȚȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȉȣ țȚȐ-
ȝȈȚȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș Ȓ ǵȍșșȐ ȍșȓȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐ —
ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȐȏȓȖȔȈȕȕȈȧ ȒȘȐȊȈȧ șȗȓȖȠȤ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑȏ ȗȐȒȖȊ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȍȑ
 ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȍȞ ȅȘȐȒ ǩȍȕȤȖȘȌ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ǵȍșșȐ Ȉ ǵȍșșȐ ș ȚȘȍȔȧ ȌȍȚȍȕȣȠȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȋ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘȍ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ Ȉ
Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȍȓȧ
ǵȈ ȋȘȍȉȕȍ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈ Ȓ ȏȈȋȈ-
ȌȖȟȕȖȔț șțȡȍșȚȊț ǨȌȘȐȈȕ ȀȈȑȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ
ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒț Ȓ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȓȈ Ȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ 
ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ  ȋȖȌȈ -ȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȀȈȑȕ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȘȈșȗȖ-
ȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȜȓȖȚ  șțȌȕȈ ȖșȕȈȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȡȕȣȔȐ șȖ-
ȕȈȘȈȔȐ ȊȐȌȍȖ- Ȑ ȜȖȚȖȒȈȔȍȘȈȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ șȢȍȔȖȒ Ȑ
șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȗȤȦȚȍȘȕȖȑ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȖȑ Ǫ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȐȔȈȓȐ țȟȈșȚȐȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȚȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǩȍșșȗȖȘȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȈ-
ȔȖȍ ȒȘțȗȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȈȐȓțȟȠȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȈșȚțȗ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȚȈȑȕț dzȖȝ-ǵȍșșȒȖȋȖ ȖȏȍȘȈ
ǻȎȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȍșȧȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ș ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȈȚȍȘȖȊ ș șȐȓȤȕȣȔ șȖȕȈȘȖȔ ȗȓȈȊȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȦȎȕȖȑ
ȟȈșȚȐ ȖȏȍȘȈ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ  ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ©ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ
șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȖȕȚȈȒȚª ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȏȈȜȐȒșȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȕȍȒȖȍ ȒȘțȗȕȖȍ Țȍ-
ȓȖ ǷȘȐ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȖȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȚșȧ«
ǺȈȒȖȊȈ ȕȖȊȍȑȠȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ǵȍșșȐ
ǷȖȘȈ ȗȖȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȚȤ
ǰȏ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ Ȋșȍȝ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȑ ȊȣȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȖȘȚ-
ȘȍȚ ǵȍșșȐ ȌȓȐȕȈ ȖȚ  ȌȖ  ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȔȈșșȐȊȕȈȧ
Ƞȍȧ ș ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȑ ȝȊȖșȚ
ȌȊȍ ȗȈȘȣ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȖȊ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȐȚȈȑȚȍ ©Ȁȍȧ ȗȘȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȐ ȚȖȓșȚȈȧ Ȑ ȚțȟȕȈȧ ȗȘȐ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȐ
ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ — ȠȐȘȖȒȖȍ ȉȘȦȠȕȈȧ ȖȉȓȈșȚȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȔ Ȑ
ȏȈȌȕȐȔ ȗȖȧșȖȔ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȍȑ țȒȖȘȖȟȍȕȈ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȑ ȝȊȖșȚ ȘȈș-
ȠȐȘȍȕ ȗȘȐ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȐª ȅȚȖ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȍ ȌȈȓ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ șȒȍȓȍȚț ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȈȓȍȖȕȚȖȓȖȋ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ
ǹ ǪȐȓȓȐșȚȖȕ șȚȖ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ Ȗ ǵȍșșȐ ǷȘȐ-
ȔȍȘȕȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ țȟȍȕȣȑ ǰ ǪȈȓȤȚȍȘ ȗȐșȈȓ ©ǹȚȘȈȕ-
ȕțȦ ȜȖȘȔț ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘȈ șȘȈȊȕȐȊȈȦȚ șȖ ȏȔȍȍȑ ȗȘȖȌȍȚȖȑ


508
șȒȊȖȏȤ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝȐª
Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ șțȌȧ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȒȐȕȖ- Ȑ ȜȖȚȖȒȈȌȘȈȔ ȗȖ
ȊșȍȔ țșȚȕȣȔ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȧȔ ǵȍșșȐ ȕȈ ǯȍȔȓȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍȚ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘ
ǰ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȈȘȋțȔȍȕȚ șȒȍȗȚȐȒȖȊ ©ǵț ȗȖȟȍȔț ȐȔȍȕȕȖ
dzȖȝ-ǵȍșș" ǷȖȟȍȔț ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȖȏȍȘȈȝ"ª ǶȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȓȖȝ-ȕȍșșȒȖȔț ȌȐ-
Ȋț ǩȐȖȓȖȋ ǵȍȑȓ ǩȈșȍ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ  ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ȔȍșȚȕȣȝ ȎȐ-
Țȍȓȍȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȠȖȚȓȈȕȌșȒȖȔ ȖȏȍȘȍ dzȖȝ-ǴȖȘȈȘ ȎȐȊȍȚ
ȏȔȍȍȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȌȓȐȕȖȦ ȉȖȓȍȍ  ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ǷȍȘȊȣȍ țȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ Ȓ  ȋȖȌț Ǫ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȖȏȍȘȈȝ ǰȘ-
ȓȈȕȌȐȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȗȖȏȕȈȕȕȖȍ ȒȘțȗȕȖȍ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȖȏȍȘȍ ǫȓȍȕȌȈȘȘȐ șȚț-
ȌȍȕȚ ǫȍȑ ǬȈȕȊȍȘ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ Ǫ ǰșȓȈȕȌȐȐ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ
ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ Ȗ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈȝ șȒȘȐȔșȓȈȝ ȖȉȐȚȈȦȡȐȝ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȈȝ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȊȈ Ǫ DzȈȕȈȌȍ ȔȍșȚȕȣȍ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ Ȑȝ ȗȖ-ȌȘțȋȖȔț Ǫ
ȖȏȍȘȍ ǶȒȍȈȕȈȋȈȕ ȎȐȊȍȚ ǶȋȖȗȖȋȖ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȍ ǷȖȝȍȕȍȋȈȔțȒ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ Ȋ  ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȈȝ ȖȚ DzȊȍȉȍȒȈ
 — ǷȖțȕȐȒ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȗțȉȓȐ-
ȒȈȞȐȧ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ  ȋȖȌț ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ǷȖț-
ȕȐȒȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȖȏȍȘ — ȖȏȍȘȍ ǹȚțȘȠȍ — ȠȊȍȌșȒȖȑ
ȋțȉȍȘȕȐȐ ǭȔȚȓȈȕȌ ȒȈȒ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȦȚ ȔȍșȚȕȣȍ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȚȖȎȍ
ȖȉȐȚȈȍȚ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ©ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞª ȠȖȚȓȈȕȌșȒȖȑ ǵȍșșȐ ǪȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȍ ȍȍ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ;9,, ȊȍȒȍ Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ȉȣȓȖ șȖȏȌȈȕȖ
ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȗȖ ȖȚȓȖȊț ȔȖȕșȚȘȈ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡț șȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȓȖȊțȠȒȐ Ȑ
ȒȈȗȒȈȕȣ ș ȗȘȐȔȈȕȒȖȑ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȔȖȓȖȟȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȖșȧȚ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȍȑ-
ȠȐȝ ȚȍȓȧȚ ȕȖ ȔȖȕșȚȘ ȕȈ ȕȈȎȐȊȒț ȕȍ ȒȓȦȕțȓ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȑȏ ǵȖȘ-
ȊȍȋȐȐ ȊȣȗȐșȈȓȐ ȒȐȚȖȉȖȧ ș ȋȈȘȗțȕȖȔ ȕȖ Ȑ ȒȐȚȖȉȖȑ țȍȝȈȓ ȕȐ
ș ȟȍȔ ǺȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ
 ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ
ȎȐȊțȟȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȗȐȚȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ
șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔȐ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȞȍȊ ǿȓȍȕ șȖȊȍȚȈ ȋțȉȍȘȕȐȐ ǭȔȚȓȈȕȌ
dz DzȈȓȓȍȉȍȘȋ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚ ©ȇ șȈȔ Ȑ ȔȖȧ ȎȍȕȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ǶȕȖ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȐȚ ȒȈȒ șȍȘȈȧ ȔȕȖȋȖȔȍȚȘȖ-
ȊȈȧ ȏȔȍȧª ǺȖȓȤȒȖ  ȋȖȌ ȌȈȓ ȖȒȖȓȖ  șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ©ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐª ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȣ ȠȊȍȌșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȕșȚȘȈ
ȕȈșȚȖȘȈȎȐȊȈȦȚ - ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ǵȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȐ" ǰȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚșȧ ț șȚȘȈȝȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȐ" ǸȍȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȥȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȐȓȐ


509
șȒȈȏȖȟȕȖȍ ȕȖ ȕȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȠȊȍȌșȒȐȑ ȕȈ-
ȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȑ șȖȊȍȚ ȗȖ ȖȝȘȈȕȍ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȟțȌȖ-
ȊȐȡȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ ȗȖȌ ȖȝȘȈȕȖȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȈ ȗȈȘȈȋȘȈȜ 
ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȈȍȚ ȖȝȖȚț ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǫȈȏȍȚȣ șȗȘȈ-
ȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋȕȍ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ șțȡȍ-
șȚȊțȍȚ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ ȠȊȍȌșȒȈȧ ǵȍșșȐ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȏȈȗȖ-
ȊȍȌȕȐȒȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ǷȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț ȠȖȚȓȈȕȌȞȍȊ ȠȊȍȌȣ ȚȖȎȍ șȚȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȚțȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȉȐȏȕȍș ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȕȖ ȍȔț
ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȋȍȖȓȖȋȐȐ DzȍȕȚ dzȈȘșȖȕ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȈȒȐ Ȉ ȗțȏȣȘȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧȒȖȉȣ ȗț-
șȒȈȍȚ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȊȈȘȤ — ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȊȣȝȖȌ ȋȈȏȈ Ȑȏ ȘȈșȡȍȓȐȕ
ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȖȏȍȘȈ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚȍșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȣ ȋȍȖȓȖȋȐȐ
ȔȖȋțȚ ȖȠȐȉȈȚȤșȧ«
ǭșȚȤ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȚțȔȈȕȕȣȍ ȟȚȖ ȒȘțȗ-
ȕȣȝ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȕȖȘȊȍȎșȒȖȔ ȖȏȍȘȍ ǹȈȕ-
Ȍȍș-ȊȈȚȕȍȚ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǵȈȘȊȐȒ țȎȍ ȏȈ ǷȖȓȧȘȕȣȔ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
Ȑ Ȋ ȋȖȘȕȖȔ ȖȏȍȘȍ ȕȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț ȖȚ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ǨșȈȝȐ-ǴțȘȈ ȕȈ
ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȔ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ǽȖȕșȦ ǷȘȐȊȍȌț ȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ȑȏ ȖȚȍȟȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȑ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ
ǮȐȚȍȓȐ DzȈȘȈȗȣșȚȈȒșȒȖȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘ-
ȕȖȔ ȖȏȍȘȍ DzȖȒ-DzȖȓȤ ȖȉȐȚȈȍȚ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ
ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖȘȉȖȋȖ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȈ ©ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȓȍȋȍȕ-
Ȍț — ȗȐȠȍȚ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȓȍȕ ǫȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚ-
ȊȈ ǹǹǹǸ ǨȕȈȚȖȓȐȑ ǷȍȟȍȘșȒȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ șȍȓȍ ǴȍȘȒȍ
ǴȍȘȒȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ȘȈȑȖȕȈ ǬȎȈȔȉțȓȤșȒȖȑ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ Ȋ DzȈȏȈȝșȚȈȕȍ
— ǶȉșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȌȍȠȕȐȝ ȖȏȍȘ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȕȈȒȐ ȏȔȍȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ
ǻȏȕȈȊ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȔȖȑ șȣȕ ǪȖȓȖȌȧ țȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȖȏȍȘȍ ǰ ȊȖȚ  ȐȦȓȧ  ȋȖȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȕȈȔȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȒȘȈșȐȊȍȑȠȐȝ ȖȏȍȘ — DzȖȒ-DzȖȓȤ ȓȍ-
ȎȈȡȍȍ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȊȖȘȖȕȒȍ ș ȒȘțȚȣȔȐ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔȐ ȋțșȚȖ ȏȈȘȖș-
ȠȐȔȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒȖȔ ǶșȚȈȊȐȊ șȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȧ
șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȊȖȌȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȗȚȐȞȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȍ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȊȣȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȖȕȐ ȕȈșȚȖ-
ȘȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȞȍȗȓȧȧșȤ ȏȈ ȊȖȌț ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ Ȋ Ȑșȗțȋȍ
ȠȈȘȈȝȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ


510
ȇ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț ȗȚȐȟȤȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȖȝȈ
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ Ȋ - ȔȍȚȘȈȝ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȏȍȘȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȖșȤ ȘȧȉȤȦ ǷȖȚȖȔ
ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ șȓȈȉȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȔȣȍ ȒȖȕȚțȘȣ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȖȊ
ȖȕȐ țșȐȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ǰ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȌȒȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȖȏȍȘȈ ȊȖȌȈ ȏȈ-
ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȈșȤ ȇȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȌȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȐȏȊȐȊȣ Ȋ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ 
ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȠȐȘȐȕȖȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȔȍȚȘȈ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȊțȝ
șȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȐȒ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ǰșȗțȋȈȊȠȐșȤ ȧ
ȊșȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȏȈ ȘțȎȤȍȔ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț ȗȘȍȌțȗ-
ȘȍȌȐȊ ǪȖȓȖȌȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ
ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ țȎȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȊȊȍȘȝ ǪȖȖȘțȎȐȊȠȐșȤ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȔȍȍȊȐȌȕȣȍ ȐȏȊȐȊȣ șȚȈ-
ȓȐ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧșȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȔȖȡȕȣȔȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȖȚ ȗȖȌțȊȠȍȋȖ ȊȍȚȘȈ ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȏȔȍȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȚȤșȧ«ª
ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȚțȔȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ-
ȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ" ǵȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ" Ǫȣ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȅȑȊȍȓȤ-
ȔȈȕșȈ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȈȚȤ șȗȍȞȐȈ-
ȓȐșȚț ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȒȓȈșșȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȦ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧȔ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊȖșȚȤ ȖȗȐșȈȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȚțȚ ȕȍ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȕȈȠțȔȍȊȠțȦ
ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȖȏȍȘȖȔ — ȖȏȍȘȖȔ ǪȖȘȖȚȈ Ȋ ȇȒțȚȐȐ
Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ȉȣȓȐ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȣ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȐ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȈ ǺȊȍȘ-
ȌȖȝȓȍȉȖȊȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȋȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȈȘȚȐȑ ǪȖȚ
ȖȚȘȣȊȖȒ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȗȐșȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȑ  ȐȦȓȧ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ȘȈȑȖ-
ȕȍ ȖȏȍȘȈ ǪȖȘȖȚȈ
©«ǷȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȗȓȣȓ — Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȎȐȊȖȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ǶȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖ Ȍțȋȍ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ
ȊȌȖȓȤ ȖȏȍȘȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ǷȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȓȐȎȈȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȍȍȚ ȊȕțȚ-
ȘȐ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȓȈșȤ
ȚȍȔȕȖ-șȍȘȈȧ ȖȊȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȚțȠȈ« ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓȐșȤ ȌȊȈ șȐȔ-
ȔȍȚȘȐȟȕȣȝ șȊȍȚȓȣȝ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ Ȉ
Ȑȏ ȚȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȗȈȓȒȐ«
Ǵȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȗȖȌ
ȊȖȌȖȑ țȋȈȌȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȔȈșșȐȊȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȚȤșȧ ȊȐȌȧ ȒȈȒ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȚșȧ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȣȔ ȉȘȖșȒȖȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȖȕȖ ȉȘȖ-


511
șȈȓȖșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ƿȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȉȣȓ ȝȐȡȕȐȒ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȐȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȖȊ ȔȐȘȈ
ȚȈȒȈȧ ȕȍțȒȘȖȚȐȔȈȧ ȉȍșȗȖȡȈȌȕȈȧ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȖșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȈȧ șȊȐ-
ȘȍȗȖșȚȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȍȋȖ
ȖȉȓȐȒȍ« ǹȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ “ȟȍȘȚȈ” — ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȘ-
ȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȏȌȍȠȕȐȝ ȔȍșȚª
Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȊȍȘșȐȧ ǺȊȍȘȌȖȝȓȍȉȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȈșȤ
ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ©ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ șȐȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȝȐȡȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ ȔȐȘȈª
ǷȘȐȘȖȌȈ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȡȍȌȘȈ ȕȈ ȊȣȌțȔȒȐ ǵȖ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȕȈțȒȍ Ȋ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐȐ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ șȊȖȐ
ȏȈȒȖȕȣ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȈȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍ ȌȈȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȌȈȎȍ ȎȐȊȖȔț
ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘț ȅȚȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ Țȍ ȥȒȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȣ Ȗ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǨȓȍȒșȍȑ ȇȉȓȖȒȖȊ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ Ȋȍ-
șȤȔȈ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈȚȐȟȕȣȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȓȦȉȖȋȖ ȒȘțȗȕȖȋȖ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȈȓȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȊȖȌȖȍȔȈ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǵȖ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȤ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȖȏȍȘȕȣȝ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍ șȓȍ-
ȌțȍȚ ǷȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ǫ ǪȈȝȘțȠȍȊȈ Ȋ ȔȍȏȖȏȖȑșȒțȦ
ȥȘț ȔȖȋȓȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȘȧȌț ș ȔȖȘșȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȖȏȍȘȕȣȍ ȗȘȍș-
ȕȖȊȖȌȕȣȍ ȊȐȌȣ ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊȘȈ ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȞȣ ȔȖȋțȚ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȝ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȈȔȐ
ǷȘȖȧȊȓȧȧ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȑ șȒȍȗȚȐȞȐȏȔ ȧ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȔ Ƿ ǫ ǶȠȔȈȘȐȕȣȔ țȗȘȍȒȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȎȐ ǿȈȡȍ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍȍ ȏȈȉ-
ȓțȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ȧ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ țȊȓȍȒȈȦȡȐȍșȧ
ȎȐȊȣȔȐ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȈȔȐ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȣ ȉȣȓ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȟȈș
©ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧª ȗȘȖȉȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȔ șȗȖȘȈȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȕȍȞ ǷȖ
ȊșȍȔț ȔȐȘț ȘȈȌȐȖ ȚȍȓȍȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȚȍȓȍȚȈȑȗȣ
ȘȈȏȕȍșȓȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȍșȚȤ Ȗ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȌȐȒȖȔ ȚȈșȔȈȕșȒȖȔ ȉȍ-
Șȍȋț ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȔ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȒȖȎȍȑ șȚȖȓȤ ȚȖȓșȚȖȑ
Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȉȘȈȓ ȕȐ ȕȖȎ ȕȐ ȚȖȗȖȘ ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǴȖȓ-
ȓȐșȖȕ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȊȣȍȏȎȈȊȠȐȑ Ȓ ©ȔȍșȚț ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȧª țȚ-
ȊȍȘȎȌȈȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȧșȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖșȚȐ ȕȍ-
ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȓ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘȍ
ǺȈșȔȈȕșȒȐȑ ȉțȔ ȌȖșȚȐȋ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȈȗȖȋȍȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ
ǴȖȓȓȐșȖȕ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȞȖȊ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȌȖȉȣȚȖȋȖ ȐȔ
ȔȧșȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȑ ǹȐȌȕȍȧ ǷȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȥȓȍȒȚ-


ȘȖȕȕȖȑ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚțȘȣ țȌȈȓȖșȤ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȧșȖ ȚȈșȔȈȕșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȔȖȕșȚȘȈ șȖșȚȖȐȚ ȕȈ ȌȍȊȧȕȖșȚȖ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚȖȊ Ȑȏ șȚțȌȍȕȐșȚȖȋȖ
ȉȍȓȒȈ ǴȖȓȓȐșȖȕ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȕȐ Ȗ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȔ șȒȈȚȍ
ȕȐ Ȗ ȚțȠȍ ȒȐȚȈ Ǭȓȧ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȧ țȕȐȒȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȒȐ ȉȣȓȈ șȕȈ-
ȘȧȎȍȕȈ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧ ©ǿțȌȖȔª ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȖȚțȝȠȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒȐ-
ȚȖȊȖȑ ȚțȠȐ
ǯȈȋȈȌȒȈ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧª — ȕȍ ȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȈȧ
ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈ ǶȚ ȍȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȐșȤ ȉȣ ȕȈȠȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȗȉ ȥȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȜȈțȕȣ Ȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȧȝ ȍȍ ȗȘȐ-
șȗȖșȖȉȓȧȍȔȖșȚȐ ȕȈȠȐ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȒȐ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ȕȈ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȍ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ ǵȖ Ȋșȧ ȏȈȋȊȖȏȌȒȈ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ
ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȥȚț Ȏȋțȟȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕțȦ ȏȈȋȈȌȒț"
— ǪȈȔ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȖ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȔ șȍȋȖ-
Ȍȕȧ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȝțȎȍ ȟȍȔ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȑȝ șȚȖ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ —
șȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȓȍȒșȍȑ ȇȉȓȖȒȖȊ — Ǵȣ ȘȍȎȍ ȉȣȊȈȍȔ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ șȐ-
ȌȐȔ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚȈȝ ȕȈȌ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗȈȔȐ ǵȈȠȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ ȗȣȝ-
ȚȧȚ șȚțȟȈȚ ȊȖȕȧȦȚ ȕȍȜȚȤȦ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȝȖȚȐȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ.
ǬȈ Ȑ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȧ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȘȋȈ-
ȕȐȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȖȝȖȚț ȕȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ
— ǵȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȍȚ"
— ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȍșȚȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ«
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊȍȘȐȔ Ȋ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚ
ȕȈȔ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȕȣȝ șȦȘȗȘȐȏȖȊ ȟȍȔ ȗȖȌ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȔ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȓȈȕȍȚ ǰ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȏȈȊȐȌțȍȠȤ ȚȍȔ ȒȖȔț ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȖȐȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȓȦȌȧȔ Ȗ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȝ ș țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȖȉȐȚȈ-
ȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȉȍȏȌȕȣ ȚȍȔ șȔȍȓȤȟȈȒȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȔȖȋțȚ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ
ȊȖȗȘȖș ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª"


513
DzǶǴǴǭǵǺǨǸǰǰ
ǷȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȔȈȧ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȦ ȒȕȐȋȈ ǰȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȋȓțȉȐȕ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ
ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ Ȋ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑ-
șȒȖȑ Ȑ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȍ ǨȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȗȖȟ-
ȚȐ Ȋ  ȓȍȚ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ș -ȝ ȋȋ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ
Ǵȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȔ Ȗ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȝȖȚȧ Ȋ  ȋ
ȊȣȠȓȈ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȧ ǫ ǬȖȏțȈ Ȑ Ǭ ǬȈȕȕȈ Seaserpents! ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍș-
ȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȏȈȋȓȈȊȐȍ ȒțȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȟȍȔ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȏȔȍȦ Ȋ ȕȍȑ
ȉȣȓȖ țȌȍȓȍȕȖ Ț ȕȈȏ ©ȖȏȍȘȕȣȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈȔª ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȈȠ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȍȔȖȑ
ǩȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȗȖȌșȗȖȘȤȍȔ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ șȚȈȓȈ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ǿ
ǨȘȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȕȍțȚȖȔȐȔȣȔ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȒȘȐȗȚȖȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȜȈȕȚȈ-
ȏȐȑ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȧ ǹetus Insolitus: Sea Serpents, Giant Cephalopods, and
Other Marine Monsters in Classic Science Fiction and Fantasy (2008).
ǵȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ țȎȍ ȏȈȋȓȈȊȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ șȖȟȍȚȈȦȚșȧ ș ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔȐ Ȗ ȗȘȖȟȐȝ ©ȔȖȕșȚȘȈȝ ȔȖȘȧª
ǵȈȠȈ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȚȍȕȌțȍȚ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȈ ȔȈȒșȐȔȈȓȤȕțȦ
ȗȖȓȕȖȚț Ǫ ȒȕȐȋț ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȘȣȊȒȖȊ Ȑȏ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȐȏ-
ȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ
 ȕȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȘȖȔȈȕȣ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȒȓȦ-
ȟȍȕȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍ ©ȖȏȍȘȕȣȔ ȔȖȕșȚȘȈȔª ȒȈȒ ȚȖ
ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ǵȍșșȐ Ȑ Țȗ
ǼȘȖȕȚȐșȗȐșȈȔȐ Ȓ ȖȉȍȐȔ ȟȈșȚȧȔ șȓțȎȈȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ǩ ǸȥȒȝȍȔȈ -
1939).
ǫ Dz ǿȍșȚȍȘȚȖȕ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȈ Ȑ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
ȐȔȍȕțȍȔȖȍ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ȅșșȍ ǫ Dz ǿȍșȚȍȘȚȖȕȈ -
 ȉȣȓȖ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈ-
ȕȖ Ȋ Illustrated London News   ȧȕȊȈȘȧ
 Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȘȍȋțȓȧȘ-
ȕȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȒȐ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ ǷȍȘ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕȈ
ǹ  ȒȐȗȧȚȐȚ ȗțȟȐȕț ȒȈȒ ȒȖȚȍȓ — șȔ ǰȖȊ 
ǹ 2. ǴȈȘȋȍȑȚȍ — ǴȈȘȋȍȑȚ — ȗȘȐȔȖȘșȒȐȑ ȒțȘȖȘȚȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ
Ȋ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔ ȋȘȈȜșȚȊȍ DzȍȕȚ


514
ǹ 2. DzȍȓȤȚșȒȐȝ ǹțȔȍȘȍȒ — ȚȈȒȎȍ ©DzȍȓȤȚșȒȖȍ ȊȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ»
ȐȓȐ ©ȒȍȓȤȚȖȔȈȕȐȧª Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȍȊȘȖȗȍȑ-
șȒȐȝ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚțȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȓȍȒȓȐ
ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȈșȗȍȒȚȣ ȒȍȓȤȚșȒȖȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȣ
ǹ  ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǬȎȖȕșȖȕȈ — ǸȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȔ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȑșȒȖȔ ȗȖȥȚȍ ȥșșȍȐșȚȍ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȔ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȍ Ȑ ȓȍȒșȐȒȖȋȘȈȜȍ
ǹ ǬȎȖȕșȖȕȍ -1784).
ǹ  ǸȖȉȍȘȚ dzȐȕȌ ǻ ǩ DZȍȑȚș — Ǹ dzȐȕȌ -1949) — Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȖ-ȐȘȓȈȕȌșȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȚȐȒ Ȑ ȥșșȍȐșȚ ǻ ǩ
DZȍȑȚș -1939) — ȐȘȓȈȕȌșȒȐȑ ȗȖȥȚ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȓȈțȘȍȈȚ ǵȖȉȍ-
ȓȍȊșȒȖȑ ȗȘȍȔȐȐ ȗȖ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ 

Ǽ ǴȈȘȘȐȍȚ ǰȏ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ «ǴȕȖȋȖșȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȈȠȈ»
ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ ȊȏȧȚ Ȑȏ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ The Pasha of Many Tales (1835). ǷțȉȓȐ-
ȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȐȏȌ ǴȕȖȋȖșȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȈȠȈ ǹȖȟ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǴȈȘȘȐȍȚȈ
ǷȍȘ. ș Ȉȕȋȓ. ǿ. 2. Ǵ., 1843.
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ǽ ǴȈȘȘȐȍȚ -1848) — ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȐȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȍȘ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȠȐȑ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȤ ȊȍȒȈ ȗȖȓȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉȍ Ȋ
ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȖȔ ȜȓȖȚȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤ șȗȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȠȓȦȗȒȐ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ
țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȋ XIX Ȋ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ șȐȋȕȈȓȖȊ-ȊȣȔȗȍȓȖȊ
ȖșȕȖȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȐȒ ȕȈȘȧȌț ș Ǭ Ǽ DzțȗȍȘȖȔ
 ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȑ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ
ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚȐȒȐª ǪȍșȤȔȈ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȣȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ
ǴȈȘȘȐȍȚȈ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȍ ȘȖȔȈȕȣ ȗțȚȍȊȣȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȐ,
ȥșșȍ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȌȘȖșȚȒȖȊ
DzȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ țȎȍ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȖȚȘȣȊȒț ȗȈȘȖȌȐȘțȦȡȍȔț Ȑ
ȉȍȏ ȚȖȋȖ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ǹȐȕȌȉȈȌȈ Ȑȏ ǺȣșȧȟȐ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȖ-
ȟȐ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔț ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏț ǻ DzȐȕȋșȚȖȕȈ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ XIX Ȋ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȏȔȍȦ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȓȐșȤ ș ȗȈȘȖȌȐȑ Ȑ ȦȔȖȘȐșȚȐȒȐ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȟȈșȚȖ șȚȐȓȐȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȗȖȌ ©ȔȖȘȧȞȒȐȍ ȉȈȑȒȐª
 ǷȘȐȟȐȕȈ ȧșȕȈ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ
ȏȔȍȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ XIX Ȋ — ȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ — ȡȍȌȘȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
șȣȗȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȧȔȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣ-
ȔȐ Ȑ țȟȍȕȣȔ Ȑ ȘȧȌȖȊȣȔ ȖȉȣȊȈȚȍȓȧȔ Ȉ ȏȈȘȧȌ șȒȍȗȚȐȞȐȏȔȈ Ȑ
ȕȍȊȍȘȐȧ ȉȣȓ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȊȍȓȐȒ


515
ǻȗȘȈȎȕȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ©ȦȔȖȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȉȈȍȒª
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐșȤ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȓȍȚ ȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȐșȈ-
ȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ǻ ǬȎȍȑȒȖȉșȈ Ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ǹȖȗȍȘȕȐȒȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ
(1894) șțȔȍȓȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌ șȘȍȌȕȐȔ țȘȖȊȕȍȔ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȞȣ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȣ Ȋ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȦ ȝȖȚȧ Ȕȣ
ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȖȉȖȑȚȐșȤ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ǬȥȕȐȍȓȧ ǻȥȉșȚȍȘȈ Ȑ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ (1937) ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ ǹ Ǫ
ǩȍȕȍ (1898-1943) — ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȟȍȘȍșȟțȘ ȕȈ-
șȣȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ șțȋțȉȖ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȔȐ ȘȍȈȓȐȧȔȐ ǷȘȐȊȍȌȍȔ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ
ȜȐȕȈȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ Ȗȉ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȍ ȊȓȦȉȐȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȋ
ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȈ ȦȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȖȘȈȚȖȘȈ Ǭ ǻȥȉșȚȍȘȈ
— ʞˑˇˋ ˔ˡˇ˃ǡ ʠ˃ˏ˃ː˕ˑ˚ˍ˃Ǥ ʑˎ˃˔˕˟ˡǡ ˇ˃ːːˑˌ ˏːˈ ˅ ˍ˃˚ˈ˔˕˅ˈ
ʒˑ˔˖ˇ˃˓˔˕˅ˈːːˑˆˑ ˔ˈˍ˓ˈ˕˃˓ˢǡ ˇˈˌ˔˕˅˖ˢ ˒ˑ ˔˒ˈ˙ˋ˃ˎ˟ːˑˏ˖ ˒˓ˋˍ˃ˊ˖
ʞ˓ˈˊˋˇˈː˕˃ ʠˑˈˇˋːˈːː˞˘ ʧ˕˃˕ˑ˅ ˋ ʑˑˈːːˑ-ʛˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ ˔ˈˍ˓ˈ˕˃˓ˢǡ ˢ
˔˕˃˅ˎˡ ˕˅ˑˈ ˋˏˢ ˅ ˠ˕˖ ˒˖˔˕˖ˡ ˆ˓˃˗˖ ˋ ˒˓ˋˍˑˏ˃ːˇˋ˓ˑ˅˞˅˃ˡ ˕ˈ˄ˢ
ˍ ˅ˑˈːːˑ-ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˏ˖ ˗ˎˑ˕˖ ʠʧʏ ˅ ˍ˃˚ˈ˔˕˅ˈ ͶͶ-˒˖˛ˈ˚ːˑˆˑ ˗˓ˈˆ˃˕˃ǡ
ˇˈˌ˔˕˅˖ˡ˜ˈˆˑ ˔ ˑ˔ˑ˄˞ˏˋ ˒ˑ˓˖˚ˈːˋˢˏˋ ˋ ˖ˇˑ˔˕ˑˈːːˑˆˑ ˒˓˃˅˃ ˒ˑˇ-
ːˋˏ˃˕˟ ˍˑː˕˓-˃ˇˏˋ˓˃ˎ˟˔ˍˋˌ ˗ˎ˃ˆ ˋ ˒˓ˋːˋˏ˃˕˟ ˔˃ˎˡ˕ ˋˊ ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕-
˔˕˅˖ˡ˜ˈˆˑ ˍˑˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅˃ ˒˖˛ˈˍ ˒˓ˋ ˅˔˕˓ˈ˚ˈ ˔ ˇ˓˖ˆˋˏˋ ˍˑ˓˃˄ˎˢˏˋ
˅ ˃ˏˈ˓ˋˍ˃ː˔ˍˋ˘ ˅ˑˇ˃˘Ǥ ʗǡ ˔ˑˆˎ˃˔ːˑ ˖ˍ˃ˊ˃ːːˑˏ˖ ˔˒ˈ˙ˋ˃ˎ˟ːˑˏ˖ ˒˓ˋ-
ˍ˃ˊ˖ǡ ˢ ː˃˒˓˃˅ˎˢˡ ˕ˈ˄ˢ ˅ ˡˉː˞ˈ ˏˑ˓ˢǡ ˆˇˈ ˕˞ ˄˖ˇˈ˛˟ ˍ˓ˈˌ˔ˋ˓ˑ-
˅˃˕˟ ˅˒ˎˑ˕˟ ˇˑ ˒ˑˎ˖˚ˈːˋˢ ˇ˃ˎ˟ːˈˌ˛ˋ˘ ˖ˍ˃ˊ˃ːˋˌ ˔ ˙ˈˎ˟ˡ ː˃ˌ˕ˋ ˇˑ-
˔˕ˑˌːˑˆˑ ˋ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˈˆˑ ˏ˖ˉ˃ǡ ˔ˑ ˅˔ˈˏˋ ˒˓˃˅˃ˏˋǡ ˒˓ˋ˅ˋˎˈˆˋˢˏˋǡ
ˑ˄ˢˊ˃ːːˑ˔˕ˢˏˋ ˋ ˒ˑˎːˑˏˑ˚ˋˢˏˋǡ ˍ˃˔˃ˡ˜ˋˏˋ˔ˢ ˖ˍ˃ˊ˃ːːˑˆˑ ˒ˑˋ˔-
ˍ˃ ˋ ˖ˍ˃ˊ˃ːːˑˆˑ ˃ˏˈ˓ˋˍ˃ː˔ˍˑˆˑ ˆ˓˃ˉˇ˃ː˔˕˅˃ǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˔ˍ˃ˊ˃ːˑ ˅˞˛ˈǤ
ʓ˃ ˊˇ˓˃˅˔˕˅˖ˈ˕ ʙˑˎ˖ˏ˄ˋˢǨ ʞˑˇ˒ˋ˔˃ːˑǣ ʓˉˑː ʡ˃ˌˎˈ˓ǡ ˒˓ˈˊˋˇˈː˕Ǥ ʙ
˚ˈˏ˖ ˒˓ˋˎ˃ˆ˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˒˃˔˒ˑ˓˕ǡ ˒ˑˇ˒ˋ˔˃ːː˞ˌ ʓˠːˋˈˎˑˏ ʑˈ˄˔˕ˈ˓ˑˏǡ ʒˑ-
˔˖ˇ˃˓˔˕˅ˈːː˞ˏ ˔ˈˍ˓ˈ˕˃˓ˈˏǡ ˔ ˑ˄˓˃˜ˈːˋˈˏ ˍˑ ˅˔ˈˏ ˋːˑ˔˕˓˃ːː˞ˏ
ˆˑ˔˖ˇ˃˓˔˕˅˃ˏ ˍ˃˔˃˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇːˑˆˑ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍ˃ ˃ˏˈ˓ˋˍ˃ː˔ˍˑˌ ˆ˓˃ˉ-
ˇ˃ːˍˋ ʠ˃ˏ˃ː˕˞ ʓˑ˖ǡ ː˃˒˓˃˅ˎˢˡ˜ˈˌ˔ˢ ˒ˑ ˔˅ˑˋˏ ˊ˃ˍˑːː˞ˏ ˇˈˎ˃ˏ
ˋ ˊ˃ˇ˃ːˋˢˏǤ
ʝː ː˃ ˏˋˆ ˒ˑːˋˊˋˎ ˆˑˎˑ˔ ˋ ˊ˃ˇ˖ˏ˚ˋ˅ˑ ˇˑ˄˃˅ˋˎǣ
— ʏˏˈ˓ˋˍ˃ː˔ˍˋˌ ˍˑ˓˅ˈ˕ Ǽʐˈːˇˉ˃ˏˋː ʣ˓˃ːˍˎˋːǽ ˔ˑˑ˄˜˃ˈ˕ǡ
˚˕ˑ ͵ ˗ˈ˅˓˃ˎˢ ː˞ːˈ˛ːˈˆˑ ˆˑˇ˃ ˅˔˕˓ˈ˕ˋˎ ˖ ˄ˈ˓ˈˆˑ˅ ʠ˃ːˇ˅ˋ˚ˈ˅˞˘
ˑ˔˕˓ˑ˅ˑ˅ ˔ˋˏ˒˃˕ˋ˚ːˑˆˑ ˏˑˎˑˇˑˆˑ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ ˊˏˈˢǤ ʢ˒ˑˏˢː˖˕˞ˌ ˊˏˈˌ
ː˃˔˚ˋ˕˞˅˃ˎ ˔ˈˏ˟ˇˈ˔ˢ˕ ˇ˅ˈ ˔˒ˋ˓˃ˎˋ ˋ ˒˓ˋ ˅˔˕˓ˈ˚ˈ ˔ ˍˑ˓˃˄ˎˈˏ ː˃˒-
˓˃˅ˎˢˎ˔ˢ ː˃ ˒ˑˎːˑˌ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ˔˕ˋ ː˃ ˡˆˑ-ˡˆˑ-ˊ˃˒˃ˇǤ
ʜˈ ˖˔˒ˈˎ ˑː ˇˑˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋ˕˟ǡ ˍ˃ˍ ʠ˃ˏ˃ː˕ˑ˚ˍ˃ ˅ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈˇːˋˌ ˓˃ˊ ˒ˑˇ-
ːˢˎ˃ ˆˑˎˑ˅˖ ˋ ˋˊˇ˃ˎ˃ ˇˑˎˆˋˌ ˋ ˆ˖ˎˍˋˌ ˒˓ˑ˜˃ˎ˟ː˞ˌ ˍ˓ˋˍǤ ʝː˃ ˒ˑ-


516
ˆˎˢˇˈˎ˃ ː˃ ʓˠːˋˈˎˢ ʢˠ˄˔˕ˈ˓˃ǡ ˋ ˅ ˈˈ ˆˎ˃ˊ˃˘ ˄˞ˎˑ ˔ˑˉ˃ˎˈːˋˈǡ ːˑ ˔ˑ-
ˉ˃ˎˈːˋˈ ˠ˕ˑ ˄˞ˎˑ ˑˍ˓˃˛ˈːˑ ˒˞ˎˍˑˌ ː˃ˇˈˉˇˑˌǤ
ʖ˃˕ˈˏ ˑː˃ ˅ˊ˄ˋˎ˃ ˒ˈː˖ ˋ ˏˋˆˑˏ ˋ˔˚ˈˊˎ˃ ˋˊ ˅ˋˇ˖ǡ ˑ˔˕˃˅ˋ˅ ˎˋ˛˟
˔ˎˈˇ ː˃ ˊ˃ˎˋ˕˞˘ ˎ˖ːː˞ˏ ˔˅ˈ˕ˑˏ ˅ˑˇ˃˘ ʞˑ˕ˑˏ˃ˍ˃Ǥ
δǥε
ʗǡ ˇˑˎˉˈː ˅˃ˏ ˔ˍ˃ˊ˃˕˟ǡ ʓˠːˋˈˎ˟ ʢˠ˄˔˕ˈ˓ ˅˞˒ˑˎːˋˎ ˔˅ˑˋ
ˑ˄ˈ˜˃ːˋˢǤ ʞˑˍ˃ ˑː ˑ˔˕˃˅˃ˎ˔ˢ ʒˑ˔˖ˇ˃˓˔˕˅ˈːː˞ˏ ˔ˈˍ˓ˈ˕˃˓ˈˏ ʠˑˈ-
ˇˋːˈːː˞˘ ʧ˕˃˕ˑ˅ǡ ͶͶ-˒˖˛ˈ˚ː˞ˌ ˗˓ˈˆ˃˕ Ǽʠ˃ˏ˃ː˕˃ ʓˑ˖ǽ ˄˞ˎ ˒˓ˋ-
ˍˑˏ˃ːˇˋ˓ˑ˅˃ː ˔ ˑ˔ˑ˄˞ˏˋ ˒ˑ˓˖˚ˈːˋˢˏˋ ˍ ˅ˑˈːːˑ-ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˏ˖ ˗ˎˑ˕˖Ǥ
ʜˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˢ˕ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˒˓ˋˍˑˏ˃ːˇˋ˓ˑ˅˃ː ˑː ˇˑ ˔ˋ˘ ˒ˑ˓ǡ ˋ ˚˕ˑ ːˈ
ˍ˕ˑ ˋːˑˌǡ ˍ˃ˍ ʠ˃ˏ˃ː˕˃ǡ ˒ˑˇ˃ˎ˃ ʬ˓ˋˍ˔ˑː˖ ˋˇˈˡ ˒ˑ˔˕˓ˑˋ˕˟ Ǽʛˑːˋ-
˕ˑ˓ǽ ˅ˑ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ʒ˓˃ˉˇ˃ː˔ˍˑˌ ˅ˑˌː˞ — ˈ˔ˎˋ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˔˃ˏ˃ ˑː˃ ːˈ ˄˞-
ˎ˃ ˕ˈˏ Ǽʛˑːˋ˕ˑ˓ˑˏǽǤ ʏ ˍˑˆˇ˃ Ǽʐˈˎ˞ˌ ˗ˎˑ˕ǽ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˋˎ˔ˢ ˅ ˍ˓˖ˆˑ-
˔˅ˈ˕ːˑˈ ˒˖˕ˈ˛ˈ˔˕˅ˋˈ ˅ˑ ˅˓ˈˏˈː˃ ʡˈˇˇˋ ʟ˖ˊ˅ˈˎ˟˕˃ǡ ˅ ˅ˑ˓ˑː˟ˈˏ ˆːˈˊ-
ˇˈ ː˃ ˏ˃˚˕ˈ ˗ˎ˃ˆˏ˃ː˔ˍˑˆˑ ˍˑ˓˃˄ˎˢ ˔ˋˇˈˎ ˅ ˑˇː˖ ˕ˋ˘˖ˡ ːˑ˚˟ ˇˑˊˑ˓-
ː˞ˌǤ ʣˎˑ˕ ˒˓ˑ˘ˑˇˋˎ ˕ˑˆˇ˃ ˏˋˏˑ ˒ˑ˓ˑ˔˛ˋ˘ ˒˃ˎ˟ˏ˃ˏˋ ˑ˔˕˓ˑ˅ˑ˅
ˡˉː˞˘ ˏˑ˓ˈˌǤ ʗ ˅ˇ˓˖ˆ ˅ˑˇ˃ ˊ˃ˍˋ˒ˈˎ˃ǡ ˒ˑˇːˢˎˋ˔˟ ˋ˔˒ˑˎˋː˔ˍˋˈ
˗ˑ˔˗ˑ˓ˈ˔˙ˋ˓˖ˡ˜ˋˈ ˅ˑˎː˞ǡ ˋ ˒ˑˍ˃ˊ˃ˎ˃˔˟ ˒˃˓˃ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˋ˘ ˊˏˈˈ˅ ˋ
˔ˈˏˈ˓ˑ ˇˈ˕ˈː˞˛ˈˌǡ ˋ ˅˔ˈ ˑːˋ ˔˒ˑˍˑˌːˑ ˋ ˅ˈˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˈːːˑ ˕˓ˋˉˇ˞
˒˓ˑ˒ˎ˞ˎˋ ˅ˑˍ˓˖ˆ ˍˑ˓˃˄ˎˢǤ ʓˑˊˑ˓ː˞ˌ ˒˓ˑ˕ˈ˓ ˆˎ˃ˊ˃ǣ ːˈ˕ǡ ˅˔ˈ ˕˃ˍ ˋ
˄˞ˎˑǤ ʝː ˄˞ˎ ˈˇˋː˔˕˅ˈːː˞ˏǡ ˍ˕ˑ ˅ˋˇˈˎ ˠ˕ˑǡ ˋ ː˃ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˈˈ ˖˕˓ˑ
ˈˆˑ ˒ˑ˔˃ˇˋˎˋ ˊ˃ ˠ˕ˑ ˅ ˃˓ˈ˔˕˃ː˕˔ˍ˖ˡǤ ʜˑ ˑː ˇˑ ˔˃ˏˑˌ ˔ˏˈ˓˕ˋ ˄ˑˉˋˎ-
˔ˢǡ ˚˕ˑ ˊˏˈˋ ˒ˑˇːˢˎˋ ˅ ˕˖ ːˑ˚˟ ˊ˅ˈˊˇːˑ-˒ˑˎˑ˔˃˕˞ˌ ˗ˎ˃ˆǤ
ǭȡȍ ȖȌȕȖ ȦȔȖȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖ-șȈȚȐȘȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȠȍȍșȧ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚȖȔ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ
șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȍȔ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ țȊȐȌȍȊȠȐȔ
șȊȍȚ ȅȚȈ ȒȕȐȋȈ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȊȣȠȍȌȠȈȧ ȈȕȖȕȐȔȕȖ Ȋ DzȍȔȉȘȐȌȎȍ Ȋ
 ȋ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȔ ©ǪȖȓȕȈª Ȑ ȕȈș-
șȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȊȣȗțșȒȕȐȒȈ ǫȈȘȊȈȘȌȈ ȔȈșșȈȟțșȍȚșȒȖȋȖ
ȗȖȥȚȈ ȦȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȏȍȔȓȍȌȍȓȤȞȈ Ȇ ǩȈȚȟȍȓȌȍȘȈ -
 Ȑ ȏȈ ȌȊȈ
ȋȖȌȈ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ 
 ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ
A Romance of the Sea-Serpent, or, The Ichthyosaurus — șȊȖȍ-
ȖȉȘȈȏȕȈȧ ȔȍȕȐȗȗȖȊȈ șȈȚȐȘȈ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȐ ©ȒȖȓȤȞȈȝª ȐȓȐ ©șȗȐȘȈȓȧȝª
Ȑ ȕȈ  șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤȦ șȚȐȝȈȔȐ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȘȐȜ-
ȔȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȏȖȑ ǨȌȍȒȊȈȚȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȑ
șȓȖȎȕțȦ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕțȦ ȏȈȌȈȟț ǺȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ Ȕȣ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋȓȐ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȍȉȍ Ȋ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȐ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ȌȊȍ ȋȘȈȊȦȘȣ Ȑȏ
ȥȚȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȐ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȒȘȈȚȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍșȒȈȏ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȧ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȑ
Ǭ ǹȥȔșȖȕȖȔ Ȍȓȧ Encyclopedia of American Literature of the Sea
and Great Lakes (2000):


519
ȗțȚȍȊȣȝ ȖȟȍȘȒȖȊ ȒȕȐȋ Ȗ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍ-
ȕȐȧȝ Ȋ ȥȒȏȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ Ǯ ǪȍȘȕȈ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐȏȌȈ-
ȕȐȑ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ Ȍȓȧ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȖȑ ȈțȌȐȚȖȘȐȐ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ǻ DzȐȕȋșȚȖȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȈȘȖȌȐȘțȍȚ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȊȍȚȈ ©ǬȍȌȈȓª ș ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȔȍȍȔ  ȈȊȋțșȚȈ
 ȋ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȐȎȍ șȘ ȕȈȏ-
ȊȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ — ©ǬȐȌȌȓȍțșª Ȑ ©ǬȍȌȈȓª Ȉȕȋȓ ©Daedalusª
 Ȉ ȚȈȒ-
Ȏȍ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ ©ǬȍȌȈȓȈª Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȍ-
șȧ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȌț țȟȍȕȣȍ șȗȖȘȣ Dz ȥȚȖȔț șȓțȟȈȦ Ȑ Ȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț
©ǬȍȌȈȓȈª ǷȐȚȍȘț ǴȈ-DzțȈ M’Quhae
 Ȑ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȟȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ș ȐȏȊȐȕȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ©ȝȘȈȉȘȣȔ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȍȘȖȔª
ǹ 21. ǹȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǴȖȘȧȒȈ — ȕȈȔȍȒ ȕȈ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚțȦ ȗȖȥȔț Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȒȈ ǹ Ǻ DzȖȓȤȘȐȌȎȈ -1834) ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȔȖ-
ȘȧȒ (ǹȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ Ȗ șȚȈȘȖȔ ȔȖȘȍȗȓȈȊȈȚȍȓȍ Ȗȗțȉȓ 

ǹ 26. șȚȈȘȐȕȍ ǵȐȒț — ©ǹȚȈȘȐȕȈ ǵȐȒª — ȗȘȖȏȊȐȡȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ
ǹ 26. DzȖȘȈȓȓȖȊȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ǿȐȒȟȐȒ — Ƕ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ
ǬȎȖȕșȖȕȈ ȕȈ DzȖȘȈȓȓȖȊȖȔ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȐȚȤȉȍ ȕȈ ȚțȏȍȔȕȖȑ
ȗȘȐȕȞȍșșȍ ȗȖȊȍșȚȊțȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ DzȐȋșȚȖȕȈ DzȖȘȈȓȓȖȊȣȑ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȊ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȘȈȕȍȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȚȖȔȍ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ
C. 33 șțȗȍȘȒȈȘȋȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ ȒțȗȞȈ ȅȕȍȑ ǷȈȓȐȕțȘ
— ȝȘȈȉȘȣȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȐȏȓȈȋȈȍȚ ȜȈȉțȓț ȅȕȍȐȌȣ ǪȍȘȋȐȓȐȧ
ȋȌȍ ǷȈȓȐȕțȘ — ȒȖȘȔȟȐȑ ȋȍȘȖȧ ȅȕȍȧ
ǹ  ȏȈșțȕțȓ ȒȖȕȟȐȒ ȝȊȖșȚȈ Ȋ ȗȈșȚȤ — ǵȍȚȘțȌȕȖ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȉȘȈȏ țȘȖȉȖȘȖșȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ ǴȐȘȖȊȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ șȒȈȕȌȐȕȈȊ-
șȒȖȑ ȔȐȜȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ, Ǽ. ǩȈșșȍȚ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ Ȓȕ Legends
and Superstitions of the Sea and Sailors in all Lands and at all Times

 ȕȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȔȖȘȍȗȓȈȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ©ȗȖ-
ȘȖȑ șȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ Ȋ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ Ȑ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȣ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕª
ǹ 35. ȝȖȋșȝȍȌȈ — ǽȖȋșȝȍȌ — ȉȖȟȒȈ ȊȔȍșȚȐȔȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ  ȋȈȓȓȖ-
ȕȖȊ ȖȒȖȓȖ  ȓ



520
ǿ. ǹȐȉȍȘȐ ǷȖȐȔȒȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ: New York Daily Tribune  ȹ   ȜȍȊȘ.,
ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊ. ©ǹapture of the Sea Serpentª ǷȍȘ dz ǷȈȕȈȍȊȖȑ
ȅȚȈ ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒ ǬȍȑȓȐ
ǺȘȐȉȦȕ ȖȉȖȠȓȈ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ
ȋȈȏȍȚ Ǫ Ȓȕ. Le Grand Serpent-de-Mer: Le probleme zoologique et
sa solution (1965) ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȐȗȚȖȏȖȖ-
ȓȖȋȐȐ ǩ ȅȑȊȍȓȤȔȈȕș -
 ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȚȍȒșȚ ©ȖȉȓȈȌȈ-
ȚȍȓȍȔ ǶșȒȈȘȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȑª Ȑ ȗȐȠȍȚ ©ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ
ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ Ȗ ȗȖȐȔȒȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȖȉȔȈȕțȊȠȈȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȖȊ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȕȍșȍȕȈ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ ǹȐȉȍȘȐ
ș ȒȐȚȖȉȖȧ ³ǴȖȕȖȕȋȈȝȍȓȈ´ ǷȐșȤȔȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȊȖȓȒ —
ȐȓȐ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ-ȦȔȖȘȐșȚ — ȗȘȐșȓȈȓ Ȋ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ
³ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒ ȚȘȐȉȦȕ´ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȠȍȌȍȊȘȖȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȎȈȕȘȈ,
ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȔ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȒȖȔ ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȑ ȅȌȋȈȘȈ ǷȖ ǷȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ ȋȖȊȖ-
Șȧ ȖȚȚȖȟȍȕȕȖșȚȤ șȚȐȓȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȓȒȐ ȊȣȌȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ șȓȐȠ-
ȒȖȔ ȓȖȊȖȒ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȌȘȈȔȈȚȐȟȍȕ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ Ȍȍ-
ȚȈȓȧȔȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȗȍȘȈ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȈ ǬȈȎȍ ȘȧȌȖȔ
ș “ǴȖȉȐ ǬȐȒȖȔ” Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȉȣ ȜȈȓȤȠȐȊȣȔ».
ǫ Dz ǨȕȌȍȘșȍȕ ǩȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ: Illustreret Tidende, 1871, 17 ȌȍȒ., ȗȖȌ ȏȈȋȓ. «Den store
Søslange». ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȐȏȌ ǨȕȌȍȘșȍȕ ǽ Dz ǹȒȈȏȒȐ ǰșȚȖȘȐȐ.
ǵȖȊȣȍ șȒȈȏȒȐ Ȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ Ǵ 
 ș ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ țș-
ȚȈȘȍȊȠȐȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ȖȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ ǷȍȘ. Ǩ Ȑ Ƿ ǫȈȕȏȍȕ ǸȐș dz
ǼȘȍȓȐȝȈ
ǹ  ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȑ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ — ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ Țȍȓȍȋ-
ȘȈȜȕȣȑ ȒȈȉȍȓȤ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȊȠȐȑ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ Ȑ ǵȖȊȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȚȖȟȕȍȍ ǰȘ-
ȓȈȕȌȐȦ Ȑ ǵȤȦȜȈțȕȌȓȍȕȌ
 ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȓȖȎȍȕ Ȋ  ȋ Ȋ  ȋ ȏȈ-
ȊȍȘȠȐȓȈșȤ ȗȘȖȒȓȈȌȒȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȉȍȓȧ. ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈ
șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȑ ©șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ șȒȈȏȒȐª ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȈȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ȈțȌȐȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȧȕȊȈȘȍ  ȋ Ȋ Ri-
verside Magazine
 ǨȕȌȍȘșȍȕȈ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȐȓȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȍ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȖȋȖ
ȒȈȉȍȓȧ ș ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȔȍȍȔ Ȋ ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȚȣșȧȟȈȝ ȓȤȍ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ǯ
ǪȍȘȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȗțȉȓ -1870).


521
ǹ 61. ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȕȣȑ ȏȔȍȑ ǴȐȌȋȈȘȌȈ — Ǫ șȒȈȕȌȐȕȈȊșȒȖȑ
ȔȐȜȖȓȖȋȐȐ ǴȐȌȋȈȘȌ — șȘȍȌȐȕȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ Ȑ
ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȔ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȓȍȎȐȚ ǴȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ǚȘ-
ȔțȕȋȈȕȌ ǴȐȌȋȈȘȌșȖȘȔ
 ȊȞȍȗȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȝȊȖșȚ
Ȁ ǸȍȕȈȘ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Le Monde Illustré,   ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ ǷȍȘ dz ǷȈȕȈȍȊȖȑ
Ǫ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȖȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȍȔ ©Ǵȣ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȔ ȏȈ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȐșȤȔȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȉȘȖșȒȈ ȊșȦ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȒȈȎțȚșȧ ȕȈȔ ȗȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ Ȕȣ șȖȖȉȡȈȍȔ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔ ș ȗȖȌȖȉȈȦȡȍȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦª
ǾȐȚȐȘȖȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈȔȐ ȊȣȠȍ ǩ ȅȑȊȍȓȤȔȈȕș ȖȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏȖȊȈȓ
ȥȚț ȉȍșȠȈȉȈȠȕțȦ ȏȈȔȍȚȒț ȒȈȒ ©ȘȧȌ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȣȝ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȣȝ Ƞț-
ȚȖȒ «! ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȈ ȕȈȌ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȣȔ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȔ — ȔȍșȚȖ
ȋȌȍ ȧȒȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ƒ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȠȐȘȖȚȣ ȌȖȓȋȖȚȈ
— 42°40. Ǭȓȧ ȕȍșȊȍȌțȡȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ƒ ȏȊțȟȐȚ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ
ȕȖ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȏȕȈȚȖȒ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȉȣ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ƒ« ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȘȐșțȕȒȈ
șȈȔȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ <…> — ȥȚȖ ȉȍȏ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ǵȈȌȖ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȔȖȕșȚȘȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ
ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ».
ǹ  șȍȔȤ ȗȖȌȗȐșȍȑ — ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȈ ȠțȚȒȈ Ț Ȓ ȐȔȍȕ ȗȍȘȍȟȐș-
ȓȍȕȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȠȍșȚȤ
ǹ  ǴȖȘȐș ǸȍȕȈȘ — ǷȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șȖȊȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȋ ȓȐ
ȈȊȚȖȘ ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȐ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ǽǽ Ȋ ȕȍȒȐȑ ǴȖȘȐș Ǹȍ-
ȕȈȘ Ȑȏ ȀȈȓȖȕȤ-Ȉȕ-ȀȈȔȗȈȕȤ -
 șȚȈȕȍȚ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȓțȟȠȐȝ
ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȖȊ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ
ǹ 8. ©ȀȈȘȐȊȈȘȐª ©DzȖȕșȚȐȚȦșȤȖȕȍȓȤª — ǼȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȈȧ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȐȖȏȕȈȧ ȋȈȏȍȚȈ Le Constitutionnel (1815-1914), ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȊȠȈȧ
Ȋ -ȝ ȋȋ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ
șȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȔ ȕȈșȔȍȠȍȒ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ Ȑ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȐȓȓȦșȚ-
ȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȎțȘȕ Le Charivari (1832-
 Ȉ șȈȔȈ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȧ


523
șȚȈȓȈ ȕȈȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ Ƕ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ Ǩ ǬȦȔȈ Ȑ Ƕ ǩȈȓȤȏȈȒ
șȘ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȐȘȖȕȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȊȣȗȈȌ Ȋ ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȚȣșȧȟȈȝ ȓȤȍ ȗȖȌ ȊȖ-
ȌȖȑ Ǯ ǪȍȘȕȈ ©«! ȌȖȕȍșȍȕȐȧ ǽȈȘȐȕȋȚȖȕȈ ȌȖȉȘȖȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖșȚȤ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȓȍȎȐȚ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȦ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ  ȋȖ-
Ȍț ȕȈȝȖȌȧșȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ³DzȈșȚȐȓȓȈȕȈ´ Ȗȕ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȐȧ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖșȍȡȈȊȠȍ-
ȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȌȣ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ³DzȖȕșȚȐȚȦșȤȖȕȍȓȤ´ª ǰȔȍȕȕȖ
Ȋ Țȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȊȖ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ Ȑ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒȐ ȊȖȠ-
ȓȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª ȒȈȒ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȘȍȋțȓȧȘȕȖ ȗȖȊȚȖ-
ȘȧȦȡȍȑșȧ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȖȑ țȚȒȐ
ǹ 8. ȒȈȘȚȖȜȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȥȗȐȌȍȔȐȐ — ǸȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗȉ ȥȗȐȌȍȔȐȐ
ȜȐȚȖȜȚȖȘȖȏȈ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȊȈȕȐȧ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ
 Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ Ȑ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȊȐȕȍ 1840-ȝ ȋȋ ȊȣȏȊȈȊȠȍȑ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖȌ Ȋ ǰȘȓȈȕȌȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȊȓȍȒ-
Ƞȍȑ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȌȖ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȈ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ Ȋ
ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ  ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ
Ǭ Dz ǽȈȚȟȍșȖȕ ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ǬȎȐȔȈ ǵȤȦȔȈȕȈ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȉȣȓ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕ Ȋ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȔ șȉ Tom Finch’s Mon-
key and how He dined with the Admiral (1886). ǷȍȘ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕȈ
Ǭ Dz ǽȈȚȟȍșȖȕ -1897) — ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ-ȔȈȘȐȕȐșȚ
ȈȊȚȖȘ ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ
Ǫ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ȞȐȚȐȘțȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ©ǬȍȌȈ-
ȓȈª ǴȈ-DzȈȑȍ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ Ȋ ǺȈȑȔș  ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ  ȋ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ
ȈȊȚȖȘ ȗȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȍȚ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȈȉȏȈȞȍ ȕȈȏȊȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ǫȓȖȉ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ǺȈȑȔș).
ǪșȚȘȍȟȈ ©ǬȍȌȈȓȈª ș ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȔ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ  ȈȊȋțșȚȈ
 ȋ șȚȈȓȈ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ șȓțȟȈȍȊ ȕȈȉ-
ȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ DzȈȒ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ Ȓȕ. The Great Sea Ser-
pent: An Historical and Critical Treatise (1892) Ǩ. ǻȌȍȔȈȕș, ©ȕȐȒȈ-
ȒȖȍ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȘȊȈȓȖ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ șȖȚȍȕ
Ȑ Țȣșȧȟ ȒȈȒ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȖȚȟȍȚ ³ǬȍȌȈȓȈ´ª ǰ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ,
ȕȈ șȍȑ ȘȈȏ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ șȖȖȉȡȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ DzȖȘȖȓȍȊ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ ȟȤȧ ȟȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȈ ȗȖȌ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȍ
ȀțȔȐȝȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ Ȋ ǺȈȑȔș  ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȒȐ Ȗ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ©ǬȍȌȈȓȈª ș ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȔȍȍȔ Ǫ ȞȍȓȖȔ ȥȚȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȈ
ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȈ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋ ȗȐșȤȔȍ ǴȈ-DzțȈ ȖȌȕȈ-


524
ȒȖ ȐȔȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȌȍȚȈȓȐ ©DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȖ [cțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȖ@ ȘȈȏȍȊȈȓȖ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ȗȖȓȕțȦ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȏȈȏțȉȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȓȣȒȖȊ Ȕȍ-
șȚȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȈȔ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȓșȧ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ
ȘȖșȚ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒª
ǷȖșȓȍ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ǴȈ-DzțȈ Ȋ ȕȖȔȍȘȍ Illustrated London
News ȖȚ  ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȈ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȈȧ șȚȈȚȤȧ ș ȏȈ-
ȘȐșȖȊȒȈȔȐ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ǸȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȗȐșȈȓ ©ǻȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȍ
ȘȐșțȕȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȟȓȍȕȈȔ ȈȌȔȐȘȈȓȚȍȑșȒȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȚȈ Ȑ
ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǴȈ-DzțȈ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒț ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȖ șȒȖȗȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ
ȗȖȌ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǴȈ-DzțȈ ȗȘȖȐȓȓȦșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȊȕȍȠ-
ȕȐȑ ȊȐȌ ǯȔȍȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǴȈ-DzțȈ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚ ȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤ ȌȍȚȈ-
ȓȍȑ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȉȓȐȒȈª șȔ Ȑȓȓ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦ-
ȡȐȝ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ

Ǫ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȝșȧ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ȕȈțȟȕȣȝ șȗȖȘȈȝ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȘȖȓȤ
șȣȋȘȈȓ ȊȣȌȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȗȈȓȍȖȕȚȖȓȖȋ Ȑ ȉȐȖȓȖȋ Ǹ Ƕțȥȕ
(1804-
 șȟȐȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ©ǬȍȌȈȓȈª ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȚȦȓȍȕȧ ǷȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȘȧȌȈ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȒȖȔȈȕ-
ȌȈ ©ǬȍȌȈȓȈª ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈșȤ ș ȒȐȚȖȔ-șȍȑȊȈȓȖȔ ȐȊȈșȍȊȣȔ ȗȖȓȖșȈȚȐ-
ȒȖȔ
 ȏȈȕȧȚȣȔ Ț ȕȈȏ ©șȒȖȓȤȏȧȡȐȔª șȉȖȘȖȔ ȗȐȡȐ ȒȐȚ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ
șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ ț ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȊ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȊȍȘȝȕȦȦ ȟȍȓȦșȚȤ
ǹ 70. ǹȈțȚșȐ-ȒȈșȚȓȖȔ — ǹȈțȚșȐ-ȒȈșȚȓ — ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȑșȒȐȑ
ȜȖȘȚ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ XVI Ȋ Ȍȓȧ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȈ ǹȖȓȍȕȚ
ǹ 73 ..ǷȖȘȚ-ǼȐȓȐȗȗȍ — ǷȖȘȚ-ǼȐȓȐȗȗ — ȏȈȓȐȊ ȕȈ Ȧȋȍ ȈȊ-
șȚȘȈȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȠȚȈȚȈ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȐȧ
ǹ  ... à fleur d’eau — ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ ȜȘ.).
Ǹ DzȐȗȓȐȕȋ. ǰșȚȐȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ People  ȧȕȊȈȘȤ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊ ©A Matter of Factª ǸȈș-
șȒȈȏ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȐȑ șȉ Many Inventions (1893). ǷȍȘ ǹ ȀȈȘ-
ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȋȖ ǰȓȓ ǻ ǹȚȘȍȕȋȈ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘȈ ȒȈȒ Ǹ DzȐȗȓȐȕȋ -
 șȚȈȓ Ȋȍ-
ȝȖȑ Ȋ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȐ ȚȍȔȣ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ Ȑ ȗȖȊȓȐȧȓ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȗȖȏȌȕȐȝ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ ǹȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ ȕȐȎȍ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȐ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ


527
ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒț ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȣ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȐ Ƿ ǽȈȊȝȖȓȤ-
ȔȈ
ǹ. 85. And if ye doubt…
— Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ șȔȍȓȖșȚȤ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȊȖȌȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȕȖȋȖ ȥȗȐȋȘȈȜȈ ȊȒȘȈȚȞȍ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȍȚ
Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏț Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ ȦȎȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ǺȐ-
ȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ Ȑ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȊȗȓȖȚȤ ȌȖ ©ȉȍȓȖȋȖ șȓȍȗȖ-
ȋȖ ǴȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ǯȔȍȧ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣª ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȘȍȔȓȦȚ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈȝ
ȗȖȒȈ ©ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ ȖȗțșȒȈȦȚșȧ ȊȖ ȚȤȔȍ Ȓ Ȑȝ ȋțȉȈȔª
ǹ 5. ȔȈșȖȕ — DzȐȗȓȐȕȋ șȖșȚȖȧȓ Ȋ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȔȈșȖȕșȒȐȝ
ȓȖȎȈȝ ș  ȋ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȓ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȍȔ ȓȖȎȐ ©ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȑ-
ȟȐȊȖșȚȤª Ȋ dzȈȝȖȘȍ
 Ȑ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȔȈșȖȕșȒȐȝ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ Ȋ șȚȐ-
ȝȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȍ
ǹ  ȗȍȘȍȊȖȏȧ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ-ȒțȓȐ — ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ-
ȔȐȋȘȈȕȚȣ Ȑȏ ǰȕȌȐȐ
ǹ 5. ȗȓȖșȒȈȧ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ  șȚȍȘȍȖȚȐȗȐȐ — ǸȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȘȈȏȓȐȟ-
ȕȣȝ șȗȖșȖȉȈȝ ȚȐȗȖȋȘȈȜșȒȖȑ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ
ǹ   ©ǸȥȚȔȈȑȕșª — ǷȈȘȖȝȖȌ Ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ȕȖșȐȚ ȐȔȧ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
Ȑȏ ȘȈȑȖȕȖȊ ǬțȉȓȐȕȈ
ǹ  ȔȖȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȉȖȚȒȍ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȞȐȑ —
ǶȉȘȈȉȖȚȒȈ Ȑ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍșȒȈȏ ȓȈȒȖȕȐȟȕȣȝ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔ ȘȍȗȖȘ-
ȚȍȘȖȊ ȊȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȝ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ ȋȈȏȍȚ ȒȈȒȐȔ
ȉȣȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ DzȐȗȓȐȕȋ
 ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ ȐȌȍȈȓȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȧȊȓȧȚȤ ȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȓȍȚț ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ
ǹ 6. ȓȈșȒȈȘț — dzȈșȒȈȘ — ȔȈȚȘȖș-ȐȕȌȐȍȞ ȕȈ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧȝ
ǹ  ȕȈ ǩȘțȒȓȐȕșȒȖȔ ȔȖșȚț  ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈșȔȍȘȚȤ ȌȈȊȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋ
ȌȘțȋȈ — Ǫ ȔȈȍ  ȋ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȠȍșȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ ǩȘțȒȓȐȕ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȔȖșȚȈ Ȋ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȍ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚț ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȈ ȗȈȕȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȌȈȊȒȈ Ȋ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ  ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǹ  ©ȖșȓȐȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧª — ȕȈȔȍȒ ȕȈ țȗȘȧȔșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȕȍșȋȐ-
ȉȈȍȔȖșȚȤ ȉțȘșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ǺȘȈȕșȊȈȈȓȧ
ǹ 6. ȉȖȞȔȈȕ  ©ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜ-ȌȈȚȟȈȕȐȕª — ǩȖȞȔȈȕ ț ȠȚțȘȊȈȓȈ


528
— ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ©ȔȖȘșȒȐȝª ȖȠȐȉȖȒ Ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȚȈȊȐȓȐ DzȐȗ-
ȓȐȕȋț ȕȈ ȊȐȌ șțȘȖȊȣȍ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ ȕȈȗȖȌȖ-
ȉȐȍ ©ǸȥȚȔȈȑȕșȈª ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȕȍ ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȓȖșȤ ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜ-ȌȈȚ-
ȟȈȕȐȕ — ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȋȍȘȖȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȐșȓȈȕȌșȒȖȑ șȈȋȐ ȒȖȕȞȈ XIII-
XIV Ȋ ǼȘȐȚȤȖȜ ǹȔȍȓȣȑ
ǹ  ȖȌȖȉȘȍȕȕȖȑ ǬȍȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȐ — Ț ȍ țșȚȈ-
ȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȕȈ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȐȝ șțȌȈȝ ȒȈȒ ȟȈșȚȤ șȚȈȕȌȈȘȚȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȖȘț-
ȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ
ǹ. 90. ©ǷȍȔȉȘȖȒ-DzȈșȚȓ» — ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȖȑ
ȕȐȎȍ ©Castle Mail Packet Companyª șȖȊȍȘȠȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ - ȋȋ
ȘȍȋțȓȧȘȕȣȍ Șȍȑșȣ Ȋ ȆȎȕțȦ ǨȜȘȐȒț
ǹ  ...șȖȘȖȒ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȋȘȈȌțșȈ ȠȍșȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȊȖșȤȔȐ — ȗȖ
ǼȈȘȍȕȋȍȑȚț șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ń Ȑ Ń ǹ
ǹ 1. ©ǷȈȘȐȎȈª — ©ǷȈȘȐȎª — ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȓȈȑȕȍȘ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȍȓȤ ©ǫȖȓțȉȖȑ ȓȍȕȚȣª ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȠȐȑ ǨȚ-
ȓȈȕȚȐȒț Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȏȈ ȠȍșȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ǷȘȖșȓțȎȐȓ ȗȖȌ ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȕȈȏ-
ȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȖȔ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ș  ȌȖ  ȋ
ǹ  ǫȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ ȒȘȣȎȖȊȕȐȒ Ȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ Ȑȏ ȓȧȋțȠȍȒ — ȏȌȍșȤ
ȒȈȒ ȖȉȘȈȏȟȐȒȐ ©șȍȕșȈȞȐȑª ȎȍȓȚȖȑ ȗȘȍșșȣ
ǹ 2. ȉȐȉȓȍȑșȒȖȑ ȒȐȗȧȡȍȑ ȔȈȏȐ — ©Ƕȕ >dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕ@ ȒȐȗȧȚȐȚ
ȗțȟȐȕț ȒȈȒ ȒȖȚȍȓ Ȑ ȔȖȘȍ ȗȘȍȚȊȖȘȧȍȚ Ȋ ȒȐȗȧȡțȦ ȔȈȏȤª ǰȖȊ 

ǹ  Hur illa! — ǯȌȍșȤ ©DzȈȒȖȑ țȎȈșª ȠȊȍȌșȒ.).
ǹ 6. ǵȐȌȓcșȒȐȑ ȔȈȧȒ — ȔȈȧȒ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȈȝ ǵȐȌȓș ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ǻȈȑȚ ț
ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ
ǹ 7. ǵȤȦȔȈȘȒȍȚ-ǽȐȚ — ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȐȗȗȖȌȘȖȔ Ȑ ȞȍȕȚȘ șȒȈ-
ȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ
ǹ  ȌȊȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȖȘȓȈ — ©ǬȊȖȑȕȖȑ ȖȘȍȓª — ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȈȧ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȚȈȧ ȔȖȕȍȚȈ ȕȖȔȐȕȈȓȖȔ Ȋ  ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ ȟȍȒȈȕȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ș  ȗȖ
 ȋ
ǹ 8. ǪȐȕȟȍșȚȍȘșȒȐȑ șȖȉȖȘ — ȋȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȖȉȖȘ XI Ȋ Ȋ ǪȐȕ-
ȟȍșȚȍȘȍ ǽȥȔȗȠȐȘ
 ȊȣșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȝȘȈȔȈ VII Ȋ


529
ǹ  ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȗȖȓȖșț — ǵȈ
ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȖȓȖșȍ ǺȈȑȔș Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȐȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓȐșȤ
ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ǻ Ǫ ǬȎȍȑȒȖȉș ǹȖȗȍȘȕȐȒȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Million   ȔȈȘȚȈ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊ ©The Rival Beau-
tiesª ǨȕȖȕȐȔȕȣȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǪȖȒȘțȋ șȊȍȚȈ dz

 ȹ  ș ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ țșȚȈȘȍȊȠȐȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ
ȖȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ Ȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȐ ǰȓȓ ǫ ǼȐȚȐȕȋȖȜȈ
ǻ Ǫ ǬȎȍȑȒȖȉș -1943) — ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȌȘȈȔȈ-
ȚțȘȋ ǵȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȦȔȖȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔȐ
ȔȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȣ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȚȍȔȈȚȐȒȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ țȎȈșȖȊ
ǩȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȍȕ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ
ǹ 9. ȖȚ ǹȈȕȌȐ-ǽțȒȈ — ǹȈȕȌȐ-ǽțȒ — ȒȖșȈ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ǵȤȦ-
ǬȎȍȘșȐ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȈȧ ș ȔȖȘȧ ȋȈȊȈȕȤ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȈ
ǩ ǽȍȔȐȕȋ ǰȏ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ©ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ǬȎȍȒ ǫȈȘȒȈȊȍȑª
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ: Wide Awake Library (New York), 1897 ȹ   ȈȊ-
ȋțșȚȈ ǷȍȘ Ǵ ǼȖȔȍȕȒȖ
ǩ ǽȍȔȐȕȋ -1901) — ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȈȊ-
ȚȖȘ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍșȚȍȑ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐ-
șȓȍ Ȋ ©ȋȘȖȠȖȊȣȝª ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȝ ǹȟȐȚȈȍȚșȧ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ țșȗȍȠ-
ȕȣȝ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȊȐȒȚȖȘȐȈȕșȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȏȣ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȌȘȖșȚȒȖȊ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȌȈȘȧ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȖȔț ȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏț ǬȎȍȒȈ ǫȈȘȒȈȊȍȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȔ
ǽȍȔȐȕȋ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȓ șȊȣȠȍ  ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ
ǵ ǫȈȘȐȕ-ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊșȒȐȑ ǬȖȗȖȚȖȗȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǫȈȘȐȕ ǵ ǫ ǷȖȓȕȖȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ.


530
ǺȖȔ ȊȖșȤȔȖȑ Ƿȋ ȐȏȌ Ț-ȊȈ Ǩ Ǽ ǴȈȘȒș  ǰȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȌȈȘȐȚ ȒȖȓȓȍȋ ȗȖ șȈȑȚț dzȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȐ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȊȠȐȝ
ȕȈȠȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
ǵ ǫ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊșȒȐȑ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌ ǵ ǫȈȘȐȕ -
1906) — ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȗțȉȓȐȞȐșȚ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ-
ȗțȚȍȍȞ ǩȖȓȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ șȊȖȍȑ ȈȊȚȖȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȚȍȚȘȈȓȖ-
ȋȐȍȑ ǬȍȚșȚȊȖ ǺȨȔȣ, ǫȐȔȕȈȏȐșȚȣ, ǹȚțȌȍȕȚȣ, ǰȕȎȍȕȍȘȣ (1892-

 Ȑ șȉ ȒȖȘȍȑșȒȐȝ șȒȈȏȖȒ șȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȍȊȍȒȖȘȍȑșȒȖȑ
ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ  ȋ
Ǫ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȔ ǵ ǫȈȘȐȕȈ-ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȕȍ
ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȉȈȓȖȊȈȕ ȒȈȒ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔȐ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȧȝ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ǵȈ ȘțșșȒȐȑ
ȧȏȣȒ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȖșȕȖȊȖȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȡȐȍ ȚȘțȌȣ — ȕȍ-
ȖȞȍȕȐȔȣȑ The Great Sea Serpent: An Historical and Critical Treatise

 Ǩ ǻȌȍȔȈȕșȈ Ȑ Sea Monsters Unmasked ǫ dzȐ 
 — Ȑ
ȉȣȓȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȜȘȈȋȔȍȕȚȈȘȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȍȕȈ ȒȕȐȋȈ ǩ ȅȑȊȍȓȤȔȈȕșȈ Le
Grand Serpent-de-Mer: Le probleme zoologique et sa solution (1965).
ǸȍȌȒȐȍ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ Ȋ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȣȝ
șȚȈȚȤȧȝ -1920-ȝ ȋȋ ȊșȒȖȘȍ șȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȚ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȘȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖ-
ȊȐȡȍ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȔț ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊț Ǹȍ-
ȕȍșșȈȕș ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ ȖȚȚȍ-
ȗȍȓȤȕȖȑ ©ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȒȐ ȗȖȐșȒȈª ȚȖȕ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȒȖȔȗȐȓȧȞȐȐ ȕȈȗȖ-
ȌȖȉȐȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ ǰ ǨȒȐȔțȠȒȐȕȈ ǹȓȍȌȣ ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ 
 Ȑ
șȚȈȚȤȐ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȣȝ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȕȖȑ ȈțȌȐȚȖȘȐȐ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȞȈ
ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȍȈȓȖȊ Ȕȣ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓȐ Ȋ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȖȟȍȘȒ ȇ ǫȖ-
ȓȖȊȈȕȖȊȈ ǫȌȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª" 1989) ǻȌȍȓȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȏȔȍȦ Ǩ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȖȊ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋȈȝ ǬȐȕȖȏȈȊȘȈ ȐȡȐȚȍ Ȋ
ȋȓțȉȐȕȈȝ 1984) Ȑ ȀȈȕș Ȍȓȧ ȌȐȕȖȏȈȊȘȈ 
 Ǫ 1997 ȋ ȗȖȧȊȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȐȏȖȉȐȓțȦȡȈȧ ȕȍȚȖȟȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȧȔȐ Ȑ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ-
ȔȐ Ȑȏ ȚȘȍȚȤȐȝ ȘțȒ ȒȖȔȗȐȓȧȞȐȧ ǵ ǵȍȗȖȔȕȧȡȍȋȖ ǫȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ; ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȓȖȌȖȊȐȚȣȑ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȟȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȓȈȊȘȈȝ Ȑ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ — ǷȖ șȓȍȌȈȔ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ (2001).
ǵȍ ȉȈȓȖȊȈȓȐ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚȣ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȕȍ
șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȗȖȊȍșȚȧȔ Ȑ ȘȖȔȈȕȈȔ ȒȈȒ
Les Histoires de Jean-Marie Cabidoulin 
 Ǯ ǪȍȘȕȈ Die See-
schlangen: Ein See-Roman 
 Ƿ ȀȍȍȘȉȈȘȚȈ Le serpent de
mer (1925) ǫ. Ȍȍ dzȖȚȘȍȒȈ ȓȐȉȖ Pierrette la téméraire Ǯ. -ǫ. ǺțȌț-
ȏȈ 
 Ǫ  ȋ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȈ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȈ Ǵ ǷȍȘȊțȝȐȕȈ


531
ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǯȈ ȕȍȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ Ȋ  ȋ
ȕȖȊȍȓȓȈ ȅ ǩȈȚȍȕȐȕȈ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǻȖȓȠȈ. Ǫ ȖȉȖȐȝ șȓț-
ȟȈȧȝ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȈ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȈȧ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȤ ȖȚ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȣȝ ȖȉȘȈȏ-
ȞȖȊ ȝȖȚȧ ȖȉȈ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕțȦ șȚȍ-
ȗȍȕȤ ȔȈșȚȍȘȖȊȐȚȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ǫ  ȋ Ȋ ȓȍȕȐȕȋȘȈȌ-
șȒȖȔ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ ǪȖȒȘțȋ șȊȍȚȈ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȊȕȧȚȕȣȑ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ǹ DzȖȓȉȈșȤȍȊȈ ǰȕȚȍȘȊȤȦ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ.
Ǫ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȔȈșșȖȊȖȋȖ ©ȊȣȉȘȖșȈª șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȐ Ȋ -ȍ
– 1970-ȍ ȋȋ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȏȔȍȦ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȏȓȖ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȖȊ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȐ Ȑȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȗȚȐȌȣ ȕȍ ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȧ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȌȐȕȖ-
ȏȈȊȘȖȊ Ȑ ©ȖȏȍȘȕȣȝ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡª
 ǺȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ Ȋ 4 ȋ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȜȈȕȚȈșȚ Ȑ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ ǪȖȒȘțȋ șȊȍȚȈ Ǫ ǹȈȗȈȘȐȕ ȖȗțȉȓȐ-
ȒȖȊȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȕȤȖȕȈ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ
ȊȍȡȐȞț Ȋ Ȍțȝȍ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ©ȈȒȊȈ-
ȕȈȊȚȐȒȐª ȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȍȑ Ȓ Ǩ ǩȍȓȧȍȊț Ȑ ǫ ǨȌȈȔȖȊț ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ
Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍȗȓȖȝ ȕȍ ȉțȌȤ ȍȋȖ ȖșȕȖȊȕȈȧ ȐȌȍȧ ȖȗȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȐȓȓȦ-
ȏȐȧ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ
 ȏȈȐȔșȚȊȖȊȈ-
ȕȈ Ȑȏ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ǹ dzȍȔȈ ǷȈȚȘțȓȤ  ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘ 

Ǫ  ȋ ǫ ǫȖȓțȉȍȊ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ǫȖșȚȤ Ȑȏ ȔȖȘȧ
ȥȗȐȏȖȌ ș ȗȖȐȔȒȖȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ Dz ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔț șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȋȍ-
ȘȖȍȊ Ȑ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȕȣȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȉȣȓ țȚȘȈȟȍȕ
Ǫ  ȋ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ șȊȍȚ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ǫ ǷȘȈȠȒȍȊȐȟȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ DzȘȈȉ-
ȉȍȕ — șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȋȐȉȘȐȌ șȈȚȐȘȣ ȉȣȚȖȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ©ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȑª ȗȘȖȏȣ Ȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȐ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȎȐȊȖȍ ȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȚ-
ȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ©ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȍª ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȏȔȍȦ ǷȖșȓȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ ȗȖȊȍș-
ȚȐ ȚȐȘȈȎ ȖȌȕȖȐȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȈ ȉȣȓ ȟȈșȚȐȟȕȖ ȒȖȕȜȐșȒȖȊȈȕ Ȑ
țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕ
ǻȎȍ Ȋ ȗȖșȚșȖȊȍȚșȒȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ Ȋ  ȋ, ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȏȈȟȍȔ-
ȚȖ Ȋșȗȓȣȓ Ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ǬȎ dzȖȒȝȈȘȌȈ ǫ ȅȋȘȐșȍȓȈȠȊȐȓȐ
 ǹȐȔȜȖ-
ȕȐȧ ǺȤȔȣ ©ǯȈ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȍȓ șȊȖȦ Ȋȍȟ-
ȕțȦ ȗȍșȕȦ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌ ȓȍȚ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȚȤ
ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȓ șȐȔȜȖȕȐȐ ǺȤȔȣ Ƕȕ ȗȓȣȓ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈȝ
ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȘȈșșȍȒȈȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȊȖȌȣ ȔȖȋțȟȍȑ ȋȘțȌȤȦ «! ǯȔȍȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ-
șȧ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȏȕȍșȠȐșȤ ȕȈȌ șȒȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚȖȔ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȓțȕȕȈȧ ȘȈȌțȋȈ ȕȈȌ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȔ ǷȖȌ ȕȐȔ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȓșȧ ȏȈȚȖ-
ȕțȊȠȐȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȒȈȒ ǫȖȕȌȊȈȕȈ ǪȖȒȘțȋ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌȣ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȊȠȍȑ ȘȖȊȕȣȍ ȋȘȈȕȐ Ȓ ȏȍȘȒȈȓț ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȖșȚȐ șȚȘțȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȚȖȒȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȖȡțȡȈȓȐșȤ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȊª Ȑ
Ț ȗ
ǬȍșȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ șȗțșȚȧ Ȋ  ȋ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȖșȟȈșȚȓȐȊȐȓ ȘȈȏțȝȈ-
ȉȐșȚȣȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ ȕȍȒȖȍȋȖ Ǽ ǴȈȘȚȣȕȖȊȈ ǬȘȍȊȕȧȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ
ȋȍȘȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ©ȒȘȐȗȚȖȏȖȖȓȖȋ Ȑ ȏȈȧȌȓȣȑ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒª Ǽ


532
ǴȈȘȚȣȕȖȊ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȓȖȊȓȦ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌȈȝ ǺȈȐ-
ȓȈȕȌȈ
 — ȔȈȓȖȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȣȑ ȖȉȘȈȏȟȐȒ ©ȗȈȓȗª-ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ȈȌȘȍșȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȈțȌȐȚȖȘȐȐ
Ǭ ǴȍȑșȜȐȓȌ ǷȖȘȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ
ǷȍȘ. ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕ ȗȖ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȔț șȉ A Mainsail Haul (1913). ǷȍȘ. dz.
ǷȈȕȈȍȊȖȑ.
Ǭ ǴȍȑșȜȐȓȌ -1967) — ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȗȖȥȚ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȌȘȈ-
ȔȈȚțȘȋ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ șȉ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖ-
ȘȍȕȐȑ ș  ȋ — ȗȖȥȚ-ȓȈțȘȍȈȚ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȉȘȐȚȈȕȐȐ Ǫ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖ-
Ȋȍȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ǿȐȓȐ Ȋȍȓ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȉȘȖ-
ȌȧȋȐ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ Ȋ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȍ
Ǫ ȚȍȒșȚȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȣ ȔȖȚȐȊȣ ǴȖȉȐ ǬȐȒȈ ǫ Ǵȍȓ-
ȊȐȓȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ǴȖȉȐ ǬȐȒȈ ȕȖ
Ȑ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȟȕȧ ȒȐȚȖȊ Ȑ ȚȌ
ǵȖțȕȍȑȔ ǰȏ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ©ǼȘȥȕȒ ǸȐȌ-Ȕȓª
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ: Frank Reade Weekly Magazine. 1903. ȹ  5 ȐȦȕȧ.
ǷȍȘ Ǵ ǼȖȔȍȕȒȖ
ǼȘȥȕȒ ǸȐȌ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȣȕ ǼȘȥȕȒ ǸȐȌ-Ȕȓ — ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȐ Ȑ Ȑș-
ȒȈȚȍȓȐ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ ȕȍȐȔȖȊȍȘȕȖ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȣȍ ȋȍȘȖȐ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐș-
ȓȍȕȕȣȝ ©ȋȘȖȠȖȊȣȝª ȗȖȊȍșȚȍȑ ȕȈȟȈȊȠȐȝ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ǹȀǨ ș  ȋ
ǷȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȔ ©ǵȖțȕȍȑȔª Noname) ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȈȊ-
ȚȖȘ ȥȗȖȗȍȐ ǫ ȅȕȚȖȕ DzȖȥȕ -
 ȚȈȒ Ȑ — ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ șȓț-
ȟȈȍ — dzțȐș ǹȍȕȈȘȍȕș -
 ȕȈȟȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ Ȗ ǸȐ-
Ȍȍ-Ȕȓ Ȋ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ  ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊȠȐȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȣȔ ȐȔ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȕȖȊȈȞȐȧȔ ȗȘȖȏȊȐȡȍ ©ȈȔȍȘȐ-
ȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ Ǯ ǪȍȘȕȈª ǹ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ǹȍȕȈȘȍȕș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȖ-
șȚȖȧȓ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȒȍ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȗȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȘȧȌȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒȖȊ ȜȈȕȚȈș-
ȚȐȒȐ ȖȉȈ țșȗȍȓȐ ȗȖȏȈȐȔșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ț ȌȘțȋȈ ȐȌȍȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ
ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȑ DzȘȈȑȕȍ ȗȓȖȌȖȊȐȚȖȔț ǹȍȕȈȘȍȕșț ȗȘȐȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȐ-
ȔȖȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ©ȋȘȖȠȖȊȣȝª ȗȖȊȍșȚȍȑ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȎȈȕȘȈȝ ȖȚ
 ȌȖ 



533
ǹ  ǹȔȐȚșȖȕȖȊșȒȐȑ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚ — șȔ ȗȘȐȔ Ȓ ș 
ǻ. Dz. ǽȖȌȎșȖȕ. ǺȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȑ țȎȈș
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ: The Grand Magazine, 1905. ȹ  ȐȦȕȤ, ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊ. «A
Tropical Horror». ǷȍȘ. Ǩ. ȀȍȘȔȈȕȈ ǰȓȓ ǹ ǼȈȉȐȈȕȈ
ǻ ǽ ǽȖȌȎșȖȕ -1918) — ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȖȥȚ ȜȖ-
ȚȖȋȘȈȜ ȔȖȘȧȒ Ȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȐșȚ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍȒȐȝ ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ȗȖșȔȍȘȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȒȓȈșșȐȒȖȔ ©ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖª ǶȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤșȚ-
Ȋț ȗȘȖȊȍȌȧ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȓȍȚ Ȋ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȧȝ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚ ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȚȍȔȈ-
ȚȐȒț ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ©ǪȐȏȐȚȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȖȑª ǽȖȌȎșȖȕȈ
șȚȈȓȐ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ Ȋ Ȍțȝȍ ©ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ țȎȈșȖȊª ȗȍȘȊȣȔ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȑ
ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ǷȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȗȖȌ ǰȗȘȖȔ
ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ
ǻ ǽȖȌȎșȖȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȐșȈ-
ȚȍȓȍȔ ȗȖșȓȍ Ǹ DzȐȗȓȐȕȋȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȞȍȕȕȖ ȘȍȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȊȠȐȔ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȚȍȕ-
ȞȐȈȓ țȎȈșȕȖȋȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȑ ș ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑș-
ȚȐȕȕȣȔ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȍȔ ©țȎȈșȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕª șȚȈȓ ȕȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ Ȉ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȖȕȖȋȐȍ ǷȐșȈȚȍȓȐ ȖȚ ǫ ǴȍȓȊȐȓȓȈ ȌȖ Ǫ ǫȦȋȖ Ȑ Ǯ ǪȍȘȕȈ Ȉ ȚȈȒ-
Ȏȍ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȣȝ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ ș șȖȌȘȖȋȈȕȐȍȔ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐ
ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȗȘțȚȖȊ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȝ ȒȈȓȤȔȈȘȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȍ ȖȓȐȞȍȚ-
ȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȘȕȖȋȖ DzȘȈȒȍȕȈ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ șȗȘțȚȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ
șțȡȍșȚȊ ȓȍȋȓȐ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊț ©ȔȐȜȖȓȖȋȐȐª ȠȒȖȓȣ ǫ Ǽ dzȈȊȒȘȈȜȚȈ
ǽȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȍȕ șȓțȟȈȑ Ǯ ǪȍȘȕȈ șȖȏȌȈȊ Ȋ ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȚȣșȧȟȈȝ ȓȤȍ
ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȍ țșȓȖȊȐȧ Ȑ ȌȍȒȖȘȈȞȐȐ Ȍȓȧ
ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȖȚȌȍȓȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȐȘȖȕȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȔȐ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȕȖ ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȍȚ ȞȍȓțȦ ȋȓȈȊȒț ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȦ șȗȘț-
ȚȖȊ ȕȈ ©ǵȈțȚȐȓțșª Ǯ ǪȍȘȕ Ȋ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ ȘȍȈȉȐȓȐ-
ȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ Ȋ ȘȖȔȈȕȍ Les Histoires de Jean-
Marie Cabidoulin (ǰșȚȖȘȐȐ ǮȈȕȈ-ǴȈȘȐ DzȈȉȐȌțȓȍȕȈ 1901), ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ
Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȖȔȈȕȍ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȔ Ȉ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧ — ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ Ǯ ǪȍȘȕ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȏȋȓȈȠȈȍȚ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋȍ
ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȕȍȚ ©ȏȔȍȍȊ șȗȘțȚȖȊ ȒȈȓȤȔȈȘȖȊ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈ Ȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ
șȐȓȣ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȖȚȖȗȐȚȤ șțȌȕȖ șȘȍȌȕȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊª ǵȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌ-
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ -ȝ ȋȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ șȗțșȚȧ ȌȈȎȍ șȘȈȊ-


ɀ Ɋɭ ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɤ ɪɨɦɚɧɭ ɀ ȼɟɪɧɚ ©ɂɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɀɚɧɚ-
Ɇɚɪɢ Ʉɚɛɢɞɭɥɟɧɚª


535
ȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍșȗȖșȖȉȕȣȑ ȗȖȚȖȗȐȚȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ
ȏȔȍȑ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ǯ ǪȍȘȕț șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȐȜȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȍȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȦ
ǯȈȔȍȚȐȔ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ǽȖȌȎșȖȕ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ ©ȟȐșȚȖȚț Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȈª ȍȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚ ȚȍȓȖȔ ©ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ țȋȘȧª
ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȖșȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȕȖȋȐȍ ȒȓȍȠȕȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȒȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ Ȉ Ȋ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȒȓȣȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏțȉȈșȚȣȔ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ǰȕȣȔȐ
șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȥȚȖ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȓȓȈȎ — șȖșȚȈȊȕȖȑ ȔȖȕșȚȘ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȧȦ-
ȡȐȑ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȟȍȘȚȣ Ȋșȍȝ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ
ȅ Ǭ ȅȗȗȓȚȖȕ ǹȐȕȌȐȒȈȚ ǴȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ǯȔȍȧ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Royal Magazine  ȈȗȘȍȓȤ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊ «The Sea Ser-
pent Syndicate». ǷȍȘ Ƕ ǸȈȚȕȐȒȖȊȖȑ ǷȍȘ ȊȏȧȚ Ȑȏ ȖȉȡȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȝ
șȍȚȍȊȣȝ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȊ
ȅ Ǭ ȅȗȗȓȚȖȕ -1931) — ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖȥȚ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ
ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȓșȧ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȦȔȖȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ
ǹ 49. ǹȐȕȌȐȒȈȚ ǴȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ǯȔȍȧ — DzȈȒ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȏȈȋȓȈȊȐȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏț ©ǹȐȕȌȐȒȈȚ ǴȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ǯȔȍȧª ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǺȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ  ȋ.
ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȈȚȚȘȈȒȞȐȖȕȖȊ Ǫ ǹȚȍȕȕȐȕȋȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȥȒș-
ȗȓțȈȚȈȞȐȐ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ
ǹ  ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȋȖȕȒȐ — ǵȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȘȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ șȒȈȟ-
ȒȈȝ Ȉ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȗ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȔ ȌȍȘȉȐ Ȋ dzȈȚȖȕȐȐ ȕȣȕȍ ȘȈȑȖȕ DzȖȊȐȕȋ-
ȚȖȕȈ
 Ȋ DzȍȕȚțȒȒȐ
ǹ 152. ǹȔȐȚșȖȕȐȈȕșȒȐȑ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚ — ǺȈȒȎȍ ǹȔȐȚșȖȕȖȊ-
șȒȐȑ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȍ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ țȟ-
ȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ǹȀǨ ș ȒȖȔȗȓȍȒșȖȔ ȔțȏȍȍȊ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ Ȋ  ȋ
ǫ ǴȖȘȘȐș ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ: The Outing Magazine  ȹ  ȔȈȘȚ. ǷȍȘ. Ǵ. ǼȖ-


536
ȔȍȕȒȖ ǰȓȓ Ǽ Ǭ ǹȚȐȓȈ
ǫ ǴȖȘȘȐș ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ǫ ǴȖȘȘȐș IV, 1876-1953) — ȈȔȍȘȐ-
ȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȣȝ ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȋ ȚȖȔ
ȟȐșȓȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȈȊȕțȒ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȖȚȞȖȊ-ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ
ǹȀǨ ǫ ǴȖȘȘȐșȈ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȥȒȘȈȕȐȏȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȕȣ
ǹ  DzȐȗȓȐȕȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ — ǸȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ Ǹ DzȐȗȓȐȕȋȈ ǰșȚȐȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ șȔ ȊȣȠȍ

ǨȕȖȕȐȔ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ șȗȈșȈȍȚ ȒȖȔȈȕȌț
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ The Washington Post   ȐȦȓȧ ȉȍȏ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȈȊȚȖ-
ȘȈ
 ǷȍȘ Ǫ ǩȈȘșțȒȖȊȈ
ǹ  ȓȖȠȈȌȐȕȣȝ ȠȐȘȖȚȈȝ — ©dzȖȠȈȌȐȕȣȔȐ ȠȐȘȖȚȈ-
ȔȐª ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓȐ șțȉȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȘȈȑȖȕȣ șȖ șȓȈȉȣȔȐ ȊȍȚȘȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȖșȈȌȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ ȕȈ Ń Ȓ șȍȊȍȘț Ȑ Ȧȋț ȖȚ ȥȒȊȈ-
ȚȖȘȈ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȠȐȘȖȚȈȝ ȟȈșȚȖ ȋȐȉȓȐ
ȗȍȘȍ-ȊȖȏȐȔȣȍ ȏȈ ȖȒȍȈȕ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ
ǹ 172. ȕȈȒȚȖțȏ — ǵȈȒȚȖțȏ — țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȖ Ȍȓȧ țșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ
ȒȖȘȈȉȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȗȈșȈ Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȊȍȘȚȐȒȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ șȚȖȑȒȐ
ǹ ȊȣșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ — Ǫ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȐȝ șȚȘȈȕ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ șȊȐșȚȖȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȋ ȠȚȐȓȍȊțȦ ȗȖ-
ȋȖȌț Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȊȐșȚ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȖȉȣȟȕȖ șȟȐȚȈȓșȧ ȕȍȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȗȈșȕȣȔ
ǹ  ȜȖȘȗȐȒ — ȒȘȈȑȕȐȑ ȕȖșȖȊȖȑ ȖȚșȍȒ șțȌȕȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȜȖȘ-
ȠȚȍȊȕȍȔ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȉȖȘȒȖȑ Ȋ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕțȦ Ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ȎȈȘț ȏȈ-
ȚȖȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȜȖȘȗȐȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȍȔ
Ǵ ǷȍȘȊțȝȐȕ ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǵȈ șțȠȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ  Ȓȕ  ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌ Ǵ Ǭȍ-ǴȈȘ.


537
Ǵ Dz ǷȍȘȊțȝȐȕ -1928) — ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ
ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ Ǫ  ȋ ȉȣȓ ȊȣșȓȈȕ Ȑȏ DzȣȔȈ ȏȈ ȖȗȗȖȏȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ
ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ țȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȌ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ
ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǨȊȚȖȘ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȑ
ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȍ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȓȦ-
ȟȍȕȟȍșȒȖȍ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȍ ȕȈșȓȍȌȐȍ
Ǵ ǸȖȓȓȈȕ ǷȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȏȔȍȑ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Journal des voyages  ȹ   ȧȕȊȈȘȧ ȗȖȌ
ȕȈȏȊ «Le Serpent fantôme: Les hallucinations de l’Océan». ǷȍȘ dz
ǷȈȕȈȍȊȖȑ
Ǵ ǸȖȓȈȕ -1955) — ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȘȧȌȈ
ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ -1920-ȝ ȋȋ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȖ-
ȔȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȣȝ ȒȕȐȋ
ǹ  ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ș ©ǶșȉȖȘȕȈª — Ǫ ȐȦȕȍ  ȋ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ
ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȖȑ ȧȝȚȣ ©ǶșȉȖȘȕª șȖȖȉȡȐȓȐ Ȗ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ș ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȔȍȍȔ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǹȐȞȐȓȐȐ ǷȘȐȊȍȌȍȔ ȖȚȟȍȚ
Ȑȏ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ Times   ȐȦȕȧ

ʠ Ǽʝ˔˄ˑ˓ː˃ǽǡ ˍˑˎˈ˔ːˑˌ ˍˑ˓ˑˎˈ˅˔ˍˑˌ ˢ˘˕˞ ˒ˑˇ ˍˑˏ˃ːˇˑ˅˃-
ːˋˈˏ ˍ˃˒ˋ˕˃ː˃ ʤ˟ˡ ʚǤ ʞˋ˓˔ˑː˃ǡ ˒˓ˋ˄˞˅˛ˈˌ ˅ ˒ˑːˈˇˈˎ˟ːˋˍ ˅
ʞˑ˓˕˔ˏ˖˕ ˋˊ ʠ˓ˈˇˋˊˈˏːˑˆˑ ˏˑ˓ˢ ˋ ːˈˏˈˇˎˈːːˑ ˒˓ˑ˔ˎˈˇˑ˅˃˅˛ˈˌ
ˍ ˔˅ˑˈˏ˖ ˏˈ˔˕˖ ˔˕ˑˢːˍˋ ˅ ˆ˃˅˃ːˋǡ ː˃˒˓˃˅ˎˈː ˑ˗ˋ˙ˋ˃ˎ˟ː˞ˌ ˓˃˒ˑ˓˕
˅ ʏˇˏˋ˓˃ˎ˕ˈˌ˔˕˅ˑ ȋ˚ˈ˓ˈˊ ˆˎ˃˅ːˑˍˑˏ˃ːˇ˖ˡ˜ˈˆˑ ˃ˇˏˋ˓˃ˎ˃ ˔ˠ˓˃
ʓˉˑ˓ˇˉ˃ ʬˎˎˋˑ˕˃ǡ ʙǤ ʠǤ ʑǤȌ ˑ˕ːˑ˔ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ ˚˖ˇˑ˅ˋ˜˃ǡ
˅˔˕˓ˈ˚ˈːːˑˆˑ ˅ˑ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˑ˄˓˃˕ːˑˆˑ ˒ˎ˃˅˃ːˋˢǤ ʞ˓ˋˏˈ˓ːˑ ˅ ˒ˢ˕˟
˚˃˔ˑ˅ ˒ˑ˒ˑˎ˖ˇːˋ ʹ ˚ˋ˔ˎ˃ ˔ˈˆˑ ˏˈ˔ˢ˙˃ǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˏˑ˓ˈ ˄˞ˎˑ ˋ˔ˍˎˡ˚ˋ-
˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˔˒ˑˍˑˌː˞ˏǡ ˃ ˢ˘˕˃ ˑˆˋ˄˃ˎ˃ ˔ˈ˅ˈ˓ː˞ˌ ˄ˈ˓ˈˆ ʠˋ˙ˋˎˋˋ ˅
ː˃˒˓˃˅ˎˈːˋˋ ˏ˞˔˃ ʑˋ˕ˑǡ ˅˃˘˕ˈːː˞ˌ ˑ˗ˋ˙ˈ˓ ˊ˃ˏˈ˕ˋˎ ˇˎˋːː˖ˡ
˚ˈ˓ˈˇ˖ ˏˈˇˎˈːːˑ ˇ˅ˋˆ˃˅˛ˋ˘˔ˢ ˒ˎ˃˅ːˋˍˑ˅ǡ ˍ˃ˉˇ˞ˌ ˇˎˋːˑˌ ˑˍˑˎˑ
͸ ˗˖˕ˑ˅Ǥ ʝ˗ˋ˙ˈ˓ ˊ˃˕˓ˈ˄ˑ˅˃ˎ ˒ˑˇˊˑ˓ː˖ˡ ˕˓˖˄˖ǡ ˋ ˍ ːˈˏ˖ ˔ˈˌ˚˃˔
ˉˈ ˒˓ˋ˔ˑˈˇˋːˋˎˋ˔˟ ˇ˓˖ˆˋˈ ˑ˗ˋ˙ˈ˓˞Ǥ Ǽʝ˔˄ˑ˓ːǽ ː˃˒˓˃˅ˎˢˎ˔ˢ ː˃
ˊ˃˒˃ˇ ː˃ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ˔˕ˋ ˅ ˇˈ˔ˢ˕˟ ˔ ˒ˑˎˑ˅ˋːˑˌ ˖ˊˎˑ˅ ˅ ˚˃˔ ˋǡ ˅˅ˋˇ˖ ˒˓ˈˇ-
˔˕ˑˢ˜ˈˆˑ ˇˑˎˆˑˆˑ ˒˖˕ˋǡ ːˈ ˏˑˆ ˊ˃ˇˈ˓ˉˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ˇˎˢ ˇˈ˕˃ˎ˟ː˞˘
ː˃˄ˎˡˇˈːˋˌǤ ʞˎ˃˅ːˋˍˋ ˇ˅ˋˆ˃ˎˋ˔˟ ˅ ˅ˑ˔˕ˑ˚ːˑˏ ː˃˒˓˃˅ˎˈːˋˋ ˋǡ
ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˍˑ˓˃˄ˎ˟ ˒˓ˋ˄ˎˋˊˋˎ˔ˢǡ ˒ˑˍ˃ˊ˃ˎ˃˔˟ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇːˢˢ ˚˃˔˕˟ ˕ˈˎ˃ ˆˋ-


538
ˆ˃ː˕˔ˍˑˆˑ ˏˑ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ ˚˖ˇˑ˅ˋ˜˃Ǥ ʔˆˑ ˍˑˉ˃ǡ ː˃˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˏˑˉːˑ ˄˞-
Ɂɚɪɢɫɨɜɤɚ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɦɟɹ ɡɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ©Ɉɫɛɨɪɧɚª
ˎˑ ˅ˋˇˈ˕˟ǡ ˄˞ˎ˃ ˔ˑ˅ˈ˓˛ˈːːˑ ˎˋ˛ˈː˃ ˚ˈ˛˖ˋ ˋ ː˃˒ˑˏˋː˃ˎ˃ ˒ˑ
ˆˎ˃ˇˍˑ˔˕ˋ ˛ˍ˖˓˖ ˕ˡˎˈːˢǤ ʢˇˎˋːˈːː˃ˢ ˆˑˎˑ˅˃ ˒ˑ˘ˑˇˋˎ˃ ˒ˑ ˗ˑ˓-
ˏˈ ː˃ ˒˖ˎˡ ˋ ˕˃ˍˉˈ ːˈ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ː˃˒ˑˏˋː˃ˎ˃ ˆˑˎˑ˅˖ ˕ˡˎˈːˢǢ ˇˋ˃-
ˏˈ˕˓ ˈˈ ˔ˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˢˎ ˑˍˑˎˑ ˛ˈ˔˕ˋ ˗˖˕ˑ˅Ǥ ʓˈ˕˃ˎˋ ˔˕˓ˑˈːˋˢ ˆˑˎˑ˅˞
˓˃˔˔ˏˑ˕˓ˈˎ ˎˋ˛˟ ˑˇˋː ˋˊ ˑ˗ˋ˙ˈ˓ˑ˅ǡ ˒ˑ ˏːˈːˋˡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˆˑ ˑː˃
ː˃˒ˑˏˋː˃ˎ˃ ˆˑˎˑ˅˖ ˃ˎˎˋˆ˃˕ˑ˓˃Ǥ ʧˈˢ ˄˞ˎ˃ ˔˓˃˅ːˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˕ˑː-
ˍˑˌǡ ˅ˋˇˋˏ˃ˢ ˚˃˔˕˟ ˕ˈˎ˃ ˄˞ˎ˃ ˄ˎˋˊˍ˃ ˒ˑ ˑ˚ˈ˓˕˃ːˋˢˏ ˍ ˆˋˆ˃ː˕-
˔ˍˑˌ ˚ˈ˓ˈ˒˃˘ˈǢ ˒ˑ ˑ˄ˈˋˏ ˔˕ˑ˓ˑː˃ˏ ˕˖ˎˑ˅ˋ˜˃ ˓˃˔˒ˑˎ˃ˆ˃ˎˋ˔˟ ˒ˑ
ˇ˅˃ ˒ˎ˃˅ːˋˍ˃ ˒˓ˋˏˈ˓ːˑ ˒ˢ˕ː˃ˇ˙˃˕ˋ ˗˖˕ˑ˅ ˅ ˇˎˋː˖ǡ ˔ ˒ˑˏˑ˜˟ˡ
ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞˘ ˚˖ˇˑ˅ˋ˜ˈ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ˅ˋˆ˃ˎˑ˔˟ǡ ˒ˑˇˑ˄ːˑ ˚ˈ˓ˈ˒˃˘ˈǤ ʞˑˢ˅ˎˈːˋˈ


539
˚˖ˇˑ˅ˋ˜˃ǡ ˅ˑˊˏˑˉːˑǡ ˑ˄˝ˢ˔ːˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˒ˑˇ˅ˑˇː˞ˏ ˅˖ˎˍ˃ːˑˏ ˍ ˔ˈ˅ˈ-
˓˖ ˑ˕ ˑ˔˕˓ˑ˅ˑ˅ ʒ˃ˎˋ˕ ˅ ʡ˖ːˋ˔˔ˍˑˏ ˊ˃ˎˋ˅ˈǡ ˋˊ˅ˈ˓ˉˈːˋˈ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˆˑ
ː˃˚˃ˎˑ˔˟ ˒˓ˋ˄ˎˋˊˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˅ ˔ˈ˓ˈˇˋːˈ ˏ˃ˢǡ ˑ ˚ˈˏ ˔ˑˑ˄˜ˋˎˋ ˅ ˕ˑ
˅˓ˈˏˢ ˔ ˒˃˓ˑ˘ˑˇ˃ǡ ˔˕ˑˎˍː˖˅˛ˈˆˑ˔ˢ ˔ ˅˞˄˓ˑ˛ˈːː˞ˏ ˅˅ˈ˓˘ ˑ˄ˎˑˏ-
ˍˑˏ ˔ˍ˃ˎ˞Ǥ ʞˑˇ˅ˑˇː˞ˈ ˒ˈ˓˕˖˓˄˃˙ˋˋǡ ːˈ ˋ˔ˍˎˡ˚ˈːˑǡ ˊ˃˔˕˃˅ˋˎˋ
˚˖ˇˑ˅ˋ˜ˈ ˒ˑˍˋː˖˕˟ ˔˅ˑˡ ˒˓ˋ˅˞˚ː˖ˡ Ǽ˔˓ˈˇ˖ ˑ˄ˋ˕˃ːˋˢǽǡ ˕˃ˍ ˍ˃ˍ
ˏˈ˔˕ˑ ˋˊ˅ˈ˓ˉˈːˋˢ ː˃˘ˑˇˋ˕˔ˢ ˅˔ˈˆˑ ˅ ˔˕˃ ˏˋˎˢ˘ ˑ˕ ˕ˑ˚ˍˋǡ ˆˇˈ ˚˖-
ˇˑ˅ˋ˜ˈ ˄˞ˎˑ ˊ˃ˏˈ˚ˈːˑǤ
ǹ 230. ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǺțȐȚș ț dzȖȕȋ-ǨȑȓȍȕȌȈ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț — Ǫ
ȐȦȓȍ  ȋ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ Ȑ ȋȖȓȓȈȕȌșȒȐȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȗȐșȈȓȐ Ȗ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ
ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȑ Ƞȝțȕȣ ©ȅȕȕȐ ǽȈȘȗȍȘª ș ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȏȔȍȍȔ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ
dzȖȕȋ-ǨȑȓȍȕȌȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ șȚȖȜțȚȖȊȣȑ ȔȖȕșȚȘ ș
ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȔ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȗȧȚȕȈȝ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ Ȉ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ƞȝțȕȣ ǬȥȊȐȌ
ǺțȐȚș — ȒȈȒ ©ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȏȔȍȍȊ ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ȋ ȧșȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤª
ǹ  Ȁ ǸȍȕȈȘț — ȖȚșȣȓȒȈ Ȓ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȣȠȍ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȊȠȍȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȘȍȏȖȕȈȕș ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȐ Ȁ ǸȍȕȈȘȈ ǴȖȘș-
ȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȋȌȍ ȌȈȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȒȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȖȞȍȕȒȈ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ

ǫ Ȍȍ ǪȍȘ ǹȚȥȒȗțȓ ǰȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȋȓțȉȐȕ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ The Popular Magazine   ȐȦȕȧ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊ ©De
Profundisª ǨȕȖȕȐȔȕȣȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȣȑ șȓȍȌȖ-
ȗȣȚ  ȹ  ȏȈ ȗȖȌȗȐșȤȦ Ǭȍ-ǪȍȘ-ǹȚȥȒȗțȓ ș ȗȖȌȏȈȋ ©ǼȈȕȚȈ-
șȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏª
ǫ. Ȍȍ ǪȍȘ ǹȚȥȒȗțȓ De Vere Stacpoole, 1863-1951) — ȗȓȖȌȖȊȐȚȣȑ
ȐȘȓȈȕȌșȒȐȑ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ ȚȘȐȓȓȍȘȖȊ ȌȍȚȍȒ-
ȚȐȊȖȊ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ
ǵȈȐȉȖȓȤȠȐȑ țșȗȍȝ ȊȣȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȦ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȖȌȕȖȒȘȈȚȕȖ ȥȒȘȈȕȐȏȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȖȑ Ȓȕ ǫȖȓțȉȈȧ ȓȈȋțȕȈ 
 ǩȖȓȍȍ  ȓȍȚ ǹȚȥȒȗțȓ ȗȘȖșȓț-
ȎȐȓ șțȌȖȊȣȔ ȊȘȈȟȖȔ Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȗȘȐȘȖȌț Ȑ ȕȘȈȊȣ ȚțȏȍȔȞȍȊ
ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈȝ ȦȎȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓ
Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȒȕȐȋȈȝ


540
ǫ ǫȈșȍȕȒȖ ǴȖșȒȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȔ șȉ ǵȈȑȧ ȏ ȌȎțȕȋȓiȊ (ǪȍȕȈ 1920) Ƿțȉ-
ȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȦ ǫȈșȍȕȒȖ ǫ ǵȈȑȧ Ȑȏ ȌȎțȕȋȓȍȑ ǨȊȚȖȘȐȏ ȗȍȘ
ș țȒȘ ǫ ǨȓȍȒșȍȍȊȈ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ ȐȏȌ Ƕ ǬȤȧȒȖȊȈ Ȑ DzȖ [1922]. ǰȓȓ ǩ
ǼȓȈȝșȈ ǫ ǶșȚȍȘȏȍȚȞȍȘȈ Ȑ Ǽ ǶȘȓȐȚȈ
ǫ ȆȘȐȑ
 Ǫ ǫȈșȍȕȒȖ -1933) — țȒȘȈȐȕșȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȌȐȗ-
ȓȖȔȈȚ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ȒȖȕșȚȘțȒȚȖȘ ǹȓțȎȐȓ Ȋ ȞȈȘșȒȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ ș  ȋ
ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȓ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈȔ ȘȈȏȊȍ-
ȌȣȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ
 ȏȈȌȈȕȐȧ ǻǵǸ Ȋ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ șȚȖȓȐȞȈȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ
ǻǵǸ Ȋ ǸțȔȣȕȐȐ Ǫ -ȝ ȋȋ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ©ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȉȓȖȝțª — ȋȐȉ-
ȘȐȌ ȔȖȚȖȘȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ Ȑ ȋȐȌȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ ǻȔȍȘ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ
Ǭ Ǹ Ǹ ǺȖȓȒȐȕ ǰȏ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ©ǸȖȊȍȘȈȕȌȖȔª
ǹȒȈȏȖȟȕȈȧ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ǸȖȊȍȘȈȕȌȖȔ (Roverandom
 ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȈȧ Ȗ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȝ ȗȍșȐȒȈ ǸȖȊȍȘȈ-ǸȖȘȈȕȌȖȔȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈ-
ȕȈ Ǭ Ǹ Ǹ ǺȖȓȒȐȕȖȔ - 
 Ȋ  ȋ Ȍȓȧ șȣȕȈ ǴȈȑȒȓȈ Ȑ
ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȈ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ  ȋ ǷȍȘ ǵ ȀȈȕȚȣȘȤ ǷȍȘ ȊȏȧȚ
Ȑȏ ȖȉȡȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȝ șȍȚȍȊȣȝ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȊ
ǩ ǴȖȘȋȈȕ. dzȈȖȒȖȖȕ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Weird Tales, 1926, ȐȦȕȤ ǷȍȘ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕȈ
ǩȈșșȍȚ ǴȖȘȋȈȕ — ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȑ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔ ǫȘȍȑș ȅ ǬȎȖȕș
(1884-
 țȘȖȎȍȕȒȐ DzȈȕȈȌȣ ȎȐȊȠȍȑ ș  ȋ Ȋ ǹȀǨ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȚȘȍȝ
ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ǵȈȐȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ
ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ
Ȋ - ȋ Ȋ ȎțȘȕ Weird Tales.
ǴȖȚȐȊȣ ȗȍȘȍșȈȌȒȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȏȋȈ Ȋ ȚȍȓȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȈș-
ȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȝ ©ǩȈșșȍȚȈ ǴȖȘȋȈȕȈª ǵȖ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ Ȋ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ Ȓ ȌȖȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȔț ȟțȌȖȊȐȡț
ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȚȐȊ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ǻ DzțȘȚȐș Ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ
ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȖȏȍȘȈ dzȈȔȍȚȘȐ 
 ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ


541
ȉȣȓ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ ǩțȝȚȈ șȚȘȈȝȈ 
 ǩȓȐȏ-
ȒȖȍ ȜȈȉțȓȤȕȖȍ șȝȖȌșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȧȔȣȍ ȞȐȚȈȚȣ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ șȖȔ-
ȕȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȍ dzȈȖȒȖȖȕȈ ǷȖȓȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȈ ȚȍȔȈ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȈ Ȋ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȘȖȔȈȕȍ Ǵ ǸȍȕȈȘȈ ǬȖȒȚȖȘ dzȍȘȕ ȗȖȓțȉȖȋ (1908).
ǵȍ șȚȖȐȚ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ©șȔȍȓȣȍª ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȝ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ
Ǵ ǫȘȍȠȕȖȊȈ ǬȖȘȖȋȖșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȖȗȣȚ 
 ǹ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȈ ǨȒȊȈȕȈȊ-
Țȣ 
 Ȑ Ǩ ȇȒțȉȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ǴȍȜȐșȚȖ 
 Ȗ ȗȍȘȍșȈȌȒȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ
ȐȓȐ ȔȖȏȋȈ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȚȍȓȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȖ-
ȕȖȋȖȋȖ Ȑ Ț ȗ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȚȖȘȐȟȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȗȖȏȌȈȊȠȐ-
ȔȐ ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȐȧ
ȅ ǩȈȚȍȕȐȕ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǻȖȓȠȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȔ șȉ ǨȊȈȕȚȦȘȕȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ǵ ǰȏȌ
ȈȊȚȖȘȈ 
 ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȔ ©ȅȘ ǩȈȚȍȕȐª
ȅ ǹ ǩȈȚȍȕȐȕ -1937) – ȖȜȐȞȍȘ-ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȋȈȘȌ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ șȖȊȍȚ-
șȒȐȑ ȕȈțȟȕȣȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚȖȘ ǵȈȐȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ǩȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚ DzȖȕ-
Ȑ-ǫțȚȈ  
 ǷȖșȓȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȈȘȍșȚȈ Ȋ  ȋ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖ-
Șȍȕ Ȓ ȗȧȚȐȓȍȚȕȍȔț ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȦ ȕȈ ǹȖȓȖȊȒȈȝ Ȋ  ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ
șȔȍȘȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ Ȑ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓ
ǹ  ǬȘȍȊȕȐȑ ȕȖȘȊȍȎșȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ǶȓȈȑ ǴȈȋȕțș — ȀȊȍȌ-
șȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȕȣȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤ ȒȈȘȚȖȋȘȈȜ ǶȓȈȜ ǴȈȋȕțș -

 ȓȐȠȤ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȖ ǵȖȘȊȍȋȐȐ ǶȗȐșȈȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ Ȋ
șȊȖȍȔ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȔ ȚȘțȌȍ Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus
©ǰșȚȖȘȐȧ șȍȊȍȘȕȣȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊª 555).
ǹ 310. Ƕ ȟȍȔ ȒȘȐȟȈȚ Ȑ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȗȍȚțȝȐ« — ǾȐȚȐȘțȍȚșȧ șȚȐȝ
Ǵ DzțȏȔȐȕȈ Ƕ ȟȍȔ ȒȘȐȟȈȚ Ȑ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȗȍȚțȝȐ« (1924).
ǹ 321. ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȈȧ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ǴȖȕȋȖȓȐȐ ȕȈ-
ȠȍȌȠȈȧ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐșȈȕȚȐȔȍȚȘȖȊȣȍ ȧȑȞȈ — ǸȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȒȍ ȧȐȞ ȌȐȕȖȏȈȊȘȖȊ ȖȊȐȘȈȗȚȖȘȈ
 ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȍȑ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚ-
ȊȖȔ Ǹ ǿ ȅȕȌȘȦșȈ -
 ȥȚȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȌȍȓȈȕȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ
ȓȍȚȖȔ  ȋ
ǹ 324. ǪȈȠȍȔț șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒț ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕț ǩȍȘȋț ȚȈȒ ȧȘȖ-
șȚȕȖ ȕȈȗȈȊȠȍȔț ȕȈ ǬȈȘȊȐȕȈ… — ǰȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȘțșșȒȐȑ Ȑ șȖ-


542
ȊȍȚșȒȐȑ ȉȐȖȓȖȋ Ȑ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜ dz ǹ ǩȍȘȋ -
 ȈȊȚȖȘ ȈȕȚȐȌȈȘ-
ȊȐȕȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ ©ȕȖȔȖȋȍȕȍȏȈª
ǹ 330. A chacun sa part — DzȈȎȌȖȔț șȊȖȍ ȜȘ.).
ǹ  Femina, altum sapere noli — ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȋȖȘȌȐșȤ
(ȓȈȚ.). Ǫ ȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȐȐ ȖȉȣȋȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȐȔ ȋȍȘȖȐȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ ©ǫȖȘȌȧȟȒȈª
ǹ DzȖȓȉȈșȤȍȊ ǰȕȚȍȘȊȤȦ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȖȒȘțȋ șȊȍȚȈ dz
 1930, ȹ -  șȍȕȚȧȉȘȧ ǸȐș
ǵ DzȖȟȍȘȋȐȕȈ
ǹ Ǩ DzȖȓȉȈșȤȍȊ - ȐȓȐ 
 — ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȘȧȒ
ȗȖȥȚ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ-ȔȈȘȐȕȐșȚ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚ ǻȟȈșȚȕȐȒ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ Ȑ
ǫȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕ ǶȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ ȘȈȏȕȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȔȐ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȈ-
ȘȖȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȔȖȌȍȓȐșȚ ȘȈȌȐȖȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȤ-ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȥȕȚțȏȐȈșȚ ȌȎȈ-
ȏȈ
 ǷȖșȓȍ ȈȘȍșȚȈ Ȋ  ȋ. ȉȣȓ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȕ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȋȐȉ Ȋ ȓȈȋȍȘȍ
ǹ 341. ...ȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ — ǸȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗȉ ȖȟȍȘȒȍ ǹ
ǭȜȐȔȖȊȈ ǴȖȘșȒȐȍ ȏȔȍȐ Ȋ ȹ - ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ ǪȖȒȘțȋ șȊȍȚȈ dz
 ȏȈ
 ȋ ǷȍȘȍȗȍȟȈȚȈȕ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ ǰȕȚȍȘȊȤȦ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ
(Salamandra P.V.V., 2017). ǹȔ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔț ȐȏȌ
ǹ  «ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȕȖȕȍȘȒȖȑ Ȋ ǹȈȑȋȖȕȍ — DzȈȕȖȕȍȘȒȖȑ ȊȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ǫȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ șȈȔ ȈȊȚȖȘ ș ȕȣȕȍȠȕȐȔ
ǪȤȍȚȕȈȔȖȔ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȥȗȐȏȖȌȣ șȓțȎȉȣ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘ-
ȕȣȝ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȋ -20-ȝ ȋȋ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȍ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȐ-
ȔȖȘȧȒȐ Ƿ dzȖȚȐ Ȑ Dz ǼȈȘȘȍȘ
ǹ 344. …DzȈȒ ȘȈȏ ț DzȐȗȓȐȕȋȈ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȏȔȍȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȣ ȗȓȍȏȐȖȏȈȊ-
ȘȈȔȐ Ȑ șȓȍȗȣȔȐ ȊȣȉȘȈșȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȖȌȕȣȔ ȊțȓȒȈȕȖȔ Ȑ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȌȖȝȕțȚ — ǸȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ Ǹ
DzȐȗȓȐȕȋȈ ǰșȚȐȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ șȔ ȊȣȠȍ

ǹ 345. ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕ ȏȔȍȑ Ȑ ț Ȍȍ-ǪȥȘ ǹȚȥȒȗțȓȈ —
ǹȔ ȊȣȠȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ǫ Ȍȍ ǪȍȘ ǹȚȥȒȗțȓȈ ǰȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȋȓțȉȐȕ.


543
Ǹ. ǩȈȕȌȐȕȐ. ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ: Esquire Magazine for Men, 1934, ȐȦȕȤ, ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊ. «I
Saw a Sea Monster». ǷȍȘ Ǫ ǩȈȘșțȒȖȊȈ
Ǹ ǩȈȕȌȐȕȐ -1961) — ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȘȈȕ-
ȕȐȝ ȥȕȚțȏȐȈșȚȖȊ ȓȖȊȓȐ ©ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ Șȣȉȣª ț ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ DzȈȓȐȜȖȘȕȐȐ
ȈȊȚȖȘ ȚȘȍȝ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȒȕȐȋ Ȗ ȘȣȉȕȖȑ ȓȖȊȓȍ
ǹ 348. dzțȐȏȣ ǶȓȒȖȚȚ dz Ǵ ǶȓȒȖȚȚ -1888) — ȈȔȍȘȐ-
ȒȈȕșȒȈȧ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ
ǹ  ȗȘȖȓȐȊȈ ǽțȈȕ-Ȍȍ-ǼțȒȈ — țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȣȑ ȗȘȖȓȐȊ ȖȚȌȍ-
ȓȧȍȚ Ȧȋ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ǪȈȕȒțȊȍȘ ȖȚ șȍȊȍȘȖ-ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȠȚȈȚȈ ǪȈ-
ȠȐȕȋȚȖȕ
ǹ 351. ...«DzȓțȉȈ ȚțȕȞȈª — ǰȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊ-
ȕȣȑ Ȓȓțȉ Ȋ ǨȊȈȓȖȕȍ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ  ȋ ȟȓȍȕȈȔȐ ȍȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȓȐ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖșȚȐ
ǹ  ǫȊȈȌȈȓțȗȍ — ȖșȚȘȖȊ Ȋ ǺȐȝȖȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȐȑ
ǴȍȒșȐȒȍ
Ǹ ǩȘȥȌȉȍȘȐ ǸȍȊțȕ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ: Saturday Evening Post, 1951, 23 ȐȦȕȧ, ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊ. «The
Fog Horn». ǸțșșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǯȕȈȕȐȍ-șȐȓȈ  ȹ  ȌȍȒȈȉȘȤ.
ǷȍȘ dz ǮȌȈȕȖȊȈ ǰȓȓ Ǫ ǯȈȔȒȖȊȈ
ǷȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȦ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȈ Ȑ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȐ Ǵ ȅȠȓȐ
Ȋ ǸȍȊțȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚ Ǹ ǩȘȥȌȉȍȘȐ -
2012) ©ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓ ș ȕȖȋ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊțª ȐȌȍȦ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ǻ ǬȎȍȑȒȖȉșȈ
ǹȖȗȍȘȕȐȒȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ șȔ ȊȣȠȍ
 ǷȖ ȔȖȚȐȊȈȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ȉȣȓ șȕȧȚ
ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜȐȓȤȔ ȅ dzțȘȤȍ The Beast from 20,000 Fat-
homs (ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ș ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ  ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ șȈȎȍȕȍȑ, 
 Ȗ ȕȈ-
ȗȈȌȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȚȖȔȕȣȔ ȊȏȘȣȊȖȔ ȔȖȕșȚȘȈ ȕȈ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒ
— Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȐȊȠȐȑ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ șȍȘȐȦ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȝ Ȑ
ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ
 ȜȐȓȤȔȖȊ Ȗ ǫȖȌȏȐȓȓȍ


544
Ǭ DzȖȓȤȍȘ. ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚȖȔ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Argosy, 1960 ȧȕȊȈȘȤ ǷȍȘ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕȈ
Ǭ DzȖȓȤȍȘ -1980) — ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȘȖ-
ȔȈȕȐșȚ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȐșȚ șȞȍȕȈȘȐșȚ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȘȧȌȈ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȟȈȡȐȝ ș ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȠȐȑ ȗȖȝȊȈȓȣ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȐȝ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȖȚ Ǹ ǩȘȥȌȉȍȘȐ ȌȖ ǵ ǫȍȑȔȈȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ǴȍȎ-
ȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȘȍȔȐȍȑ ȜȥȕȚȥȏȐ
ǹ  ȘȐȑșȚȈȜȍȓȤ — șȓȖȎȕȣȑ ȖȉȍȌ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȓȖ-
ȎȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȘȍȌȍ ȋȖȓȓȈȕȌșȒȐȝ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȏȈȚȖȘȖȊ Ȋ ǰȕȌȖȕȍȏȐȐ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ
șȖȟȍȚȈȍȚ ȖȌȐȕ ȐȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȐȌȖȊ ȊȈȘȍȕȖȋȖ ȘȐșȈ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȖȉȈȊȒȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȦȡȐȍ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȣ ȥȚȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȒțȝȖȕȤ
ȘȍȋȐȖȕȈ
ǹ  ș ȉȖȘȚȈ ©ǶșȉȖȘȕȈª — șȔ ȊȣȠȍ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚ Ȓ ș 
ǹ  ǹȊȍȕȋȈȓȐ — ȗȍȘșȖȕȈȎ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ Ǭ ǬȦȔȖȘȤȍ ǺȘȐȓȤȉȐ

 ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȧȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȍȚ șȍȉȍ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȒț
ǺȘȐȓȤȉȐ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȧ ȍȍ ȗțȚȍȔ ȋȐȗȕȖȏȈ Ȋ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚțȦ ȗȍȊȐȞț Ȋ
ȕȈȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȥȒșȗȓțȈȚȐȘțȦȡȐȑ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒțȦ
ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ
ǹ 389. ǼȐȞȌȎȍȘȈȓȤȌ ȖȚȊȍȚȍ ǽȍȔȐȕȋțȥȧ — ǹȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȓȐȚȍ-
ȘȈȚțȘȕȖȑ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȍ Ǽ ǹ ǼȐȞȌȎȍȘȈȓȤȌ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȅ ǽȍȔȐȕ-
ȋțȥȦ ©ǩȖȋȈȚȣȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȕȈ ȕȈș ș ȊȈȔȐª ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ǽȍȔȐȕȋțȥȑ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȐȓ ©ǷȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ ț ȕȐȝ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȍª ǺȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ Ȉ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ ȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȍ ǽȍȔȐȕȋțȥȧ ǹȕȍȋȈ DzȐȓȐȔȈȕ-
ȌȎȈȘȖ 
 ȋȌȍ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȞȐȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
ǼȐȞȌȎȍȘȈȓȤȌȈ ǩȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ (1926).
Ǫ. ǹȈȗȈȘȐȕ. ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȕȤȖȕȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǷȐȖȕȍȘ  ȹȹ - ȜȍȊȘȈȓȤ-ȔȈȘȚ ǰȓȓ Ƿ ǷȈȊ-
ȓȐȕȖȊȈ
Ǫ ǹ ǹȈȗȈȘȐȕ -1970) — șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȜȈȕȚȈșȚ ȔȕȖȋȖȓȍȚȕȐȑ (1949-
 ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ ȎțȘȕ ǪȖȒȘțȋ șȊȍȚȈ.


545
Ǫ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȝ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ ȖȚ Ț ȕȈȏ ©ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȐ ȉȓȐȎȕȍȋȖ
ȗȘȐȞȍȓȈª Ȓ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȦ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȉțȌțȡȍ-
ȋȖ
ǫ ǫȖȓțȉȍȊ ǰȏ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ©ǫȖșȚȤ Ȑȏ ȔȖȘȧª
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǰșȒȈȚȍȓȤ  ȹȹ - Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȋȖȌț Ȑ ȗȖȌ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ
ȕȈȏȊ Ȋ ȒȕȐȎȕȖȑ ȊȍȘșȐȐ ǰȓȓ Ƿ ǷȈȊȓȐȕȖȊȈ
ǫ ǵ ǫȖȓțȉȍȊ -1989) — șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ
ȖȟȍȘȒȐșȚ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȉȖȓȍȍ  ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȖȊȍș-
Țȍȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒȖ-ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ
ȒȕȐȋ
Ǫ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ. ǯȔȐȑ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ Ȓȕ Ǫș ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ǷȍȘȍȗȐșȒȈ ș Ǩ Ǵ ǫȖȘȤȒȐȔ ǰȏ ȌȕȍȊ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈȗȐșȕȣȝ ȒȕȐȎȍȒ Ǵ 969). ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ Ȋ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȔ șȉ ǷȈș-
ȔțȘȕȣȑ ȓȐșȚ Ǵ 
 ș ȗȖȌȏȈȋ ©ǶȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȑ Ȓ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔ
ª
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋȈ ©ǹȍȘȈȗȐȖȕȖȊȈ ȉȘȈ-
ȚȈª Ǫ Ǫ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȈ -
 ȚȍșȕȖ șȊȧȏȈȕ ș ȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȔȐ Ȋ DzȘȣȔț
ȉȣȓȐȟȒȈȔȐ Ȗ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȝ ș ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍȔ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖ-
șȚȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȔȐșȧ Ȋ -ȝ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȕȈȘȧȌț șȖ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȋȈ-
ȏȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȧȔȐ
 Ȋ -ȝ ȋȋ
dz ǵȐȊȍȕ. dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Playboy, 1970 ȈȊȋțșȚ ǷȍȘ Ǫ ǩȈȘșțȒȖȊȈ
dz ǵȐȊȍȕ (dz ȊȈȕ DzȖȚȚ ǵȐȊȍȕ Ș 938) — ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈșȚ ȓȈțȘȍȈȚ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ȗȘȍȔȐȑ Ȑ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȑ
ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ ȟȤȧ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ  ȋ ȗȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȦ ȔȈȚȍȔȈȚȐȒ Ǫ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȝ ǵȐȊȍȕȈ ©ȚȊȍȘȌȈȧª ǵǼ ȟȈșȚȖ
șȖȟȍȚȈȍȚșȧ ș ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȌȍȚȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȔȐ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ


ǹ  ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ ©ǹȚȍȑȉȍȕª — ǸȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȑ ȈȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ȜȐȘȔȍ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȗȘȖșțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȍȑ ș
 ȗȖ  ȋ
ǹ  ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȐșȗȖȓȐȕșȒȖȍ — ǬȈȓȍȍ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȖȗȐșȈȕȣ
ȗȖ ǫ ǴȍȓȊȐȓȓț
 ǴȖȉȐ ǬȐȒ Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǨȝȈȊ
ǹ . Ǹțȝ — Ȋ ȈȘȈȉșȒȐȝ șȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȝ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȗȖ-
ȎȐȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ șȓȖȕȖȊ
ǹ ǭȜȐȔȖȊ ©ǴȖȘșȒȐȍ ȏȔȍȐª
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȖȒȘțȋ șȊȍȚȈ dz
  ȹ -  ȈȊȋțșȚȈ
ȇ ǫȖȓȖȊȈȕȖȊ ǫȌȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª"
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǨȊȘȖȘȈ  ȹ 4. ǸȈșȠȐȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȈȘ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ
ȗȖ ǴȐȘ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ ǹȉȖȘȕȐȒ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍ-
șȒȐȝ ȗȖȊȍșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ǵ  ǺȍȒșȚ ȊȏȧȚ Ȑȏ ȖȉȡȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȝ
șȍȚȍȊȣȝ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȊ
ȇ Dz ǫȖȓȖȊȈȕȖȊ -2003) — ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȐ-
ȏȈȚȖȘ ȕȈțȒȐ ǷȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ-ȘȈȒȍȚȟȐȒ ǨȊȚȖȘ  ȕȈțȟ-
ȕȖ-ȝțȌȖȎ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟ ȒȕȐȋ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȖșȊȧȡȏȍȕȣ ȊȖȗ-
ȘȖșȈȔ ȒȖșȔȖȕȈȊȚȐȒȐ Ȑ șȖȚȍȕ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȚȈȚȍȑ
C. 491. ȍȋȖ ȌȖȉȣȟȈ — ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȘȖȌȍ — ǵȈ șȈȔȖȔ
Ȍȍȓȍ ȒȈȒ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȒȘțȗȕȣȑ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ ȒȐȚȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȈȒțȓȣ
Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕ


ǼȑșȎȐșȓțȖȓ
ǶȚ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ
8
ǿǨǹ ǺȄ ǷǭǸǪǨȇ
ǫ Dz ǿȍșȚȍȘȚȖȕ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȈ Ȑ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȐȔȍȕțȍȔȖȍ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǷȍȘ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕȈ
10
Ǽ ǴȈȘȘȐȍȚ ǰȏ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ©ǴȕȖȋȖșȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȈȠȈª
15
ǻ ǫ DzȐȕȋșȚȖȕ ǽȊȖșȚ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ǷȍȘ Ǫ ǩȈȘșțȒȖȊȈ
20
ǿ ǹȐȉȍȘȐ ǷȖȐȔȒȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ǷȍȘ dz ǷȈȕȈȍȊȖȑ
40
ǽ Dz ǨȕȌȍȘșȍȕ ǩȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ǷȍȘ Ǩ Ȑ Ƿ ǫȈȕȏȍȕ 50
Ȁ ǸȍȕȈȘ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ǷȍȘ dz ǷȈȕȈȍȊȖȑ
64
Ǭ ǽȈȚȟȍșȖȕ ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ǬȎȐȔȈ ǵȤȦȔȈȕȈ ǷȍȘ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕȈ 69
Ǹ DzȐȗȓȐȕȋ ǰșȚȐȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ǷȍȘ ǹ ȀȈȘȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȋȖ
84
ǻ ǬȎȍȑȒȖȉș ǹȖȗȍȘȕȐȒȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ
101
ǩ ǽȍȔȐȕȋ ǰȏ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ©ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ǬȎȍȒ ǫȈȘȒȈȊȍȑª ǷȍȘ
Ǵ ǼȖȔȍȕȒȖ
115
ǵ ǫȈȘȐȕ-ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊșȒȐȑ ǬȖȗȖȚȖȗȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
123
Ǭ ǴȍȑșȜȐȓȌ ǷȖȘȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ ǷȍȘ dz ǷȈȕȈȍȊȖȑ
126
ǵȖțȕȍȑȔ ǰȏ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ©ǼȘȥȕȒ ǸȐȌ-Ȕȓª ǷȍȘ Ǵ ǼȖȔȍȕȒȖ 130
ǻ ǽȖȌȎșȖȕ ǺȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȑ țȎȈș ǷȍȘ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕȈ
136


ȅ ȅȗȗȓȚȖȕ ǹȐȕȌȐȒȈȚ ǴȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ǯȔȍȧ ǷȍȘ Ƕ ǸȈȚȕȐȒȖȊȖȑ 148
ǫ ǴȖȘȘȐș ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ǷȍȘ Ǵ ǼȖȔȍȕȒȖ
163
ǿǨǹǺȄ ǪǺǶǸǨȇ
ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ șȗȈșȈȍȚ ȒȖȔȈȕȌț. ǷȍȘ Ǫ ǩȈȘșțȒȖȊȈ
171
Ǵ ǷȍȘȊțȝȐȕ ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ
178
Ǵ ǸȖȓȈȕ ǷȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȏȔȍȑ ǷȍȘ dz ǷȈȕȈȍȊȖȑ
226
ǫ Ȍȍ ǪȍȘ ǹȚȥȒȗțȓ ǰȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȋȓțȉȐȕ
234
ǫ ǫȈșȍȕȒȖ ǴȖȘșȒȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
259
Ǭ ǺȖȓȒȐȕ ǰȏ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ©ǸȖȊȍȘȈȕȌȖȔª ǷȍȘ ǵ ȀȈȕȚȣȘȤ 274
ǩ ǴȖȘȋȈȕ dzȈȖȒȖȖȕ ǷȍȘ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕȈ
281
ȅ ǩȈȚȍȕȐȕ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǻȖȓȠȈ
296
ǹ DzȖȓȉȈșȤȍȊ ǰȕȚȍȘȊȤȦ Ȗ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȏȔȍȍ
340
Ǹ ǩȈȕȌȐȕȐ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ǷȍȘ Ǫ ǩȈȘșțȒȖȊȈ 347
Ǹ ǩȘȥȌȉȍȘȐ ǸȍȊțȕ ǷȍȘ dz ǮȌȈȕȖȊȈ
357
Ǭ DzȖȓȤȍȘ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚȖȔ ǷȍȘ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕȈ
369
Ǫ ǹȈȗȈȘȐȕ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȕȤȖȕȈ
398
ǫ ǫȖȓțȉȍȊ ǰȏ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ©ǫȖșȚȤ Ȑȏ ȔȖȘȧª
439
Ǫ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ǯȔȐȑ
453
dz ǵȐȊȍȕ dzȍȊȐȈȜȈȕ ǷȍȘ Ǫ ǩȈȘșțȒȖȊȈ
461


ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
ǹ ǭȜȐȔȖȊ ©ǴȖȘșȒȐȍ ȏȔȍȐª
476
ȇ ǫȖȓȖȊȈȕȖȊ ǫȌȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ©ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȑª"
480
DzȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȐ
513