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KAPTA npOBEDEHV151 V1fP B PV1MCKOC1 V1MnEPV1V1 . Isurium '\; Venta SiLurum  Isea SiL,um eCorinium j  .CaLleva Atrebatum c::: EYrnoaria. '. \::"" Rutupiae Regrium   G ... eson cum .Samarobriva I I . Vetera OCEANUS GERMANIA . ToLetum Augustomagus .Durocortorum Mogontiacum . .. Suindinum. Augusta Treverorum . Cenabum Agedincum - IU110  agus. .. Divodurum Mediomatricorum Caesarodunum. .Autessiodurum Carnutum A ..  Limonum. vancum Auqustodunum Vindonissa . MedioLanum .. ·  S b t " . Augustoritum VesontlO . Avent1cum car an 1a Santonuf'.1 . · (\'\ Lugdunum Octodurus . Flavia SOLva y . B d" L  .Vesunna . · Augusta Praetona · ur 19 a Divona Vienna. "' Augusta Taurinorum Verona . .Segodunum pOLLent1a   .MedioLan---/.." , Aginnum. " Dea. Segusio. erceLlae _ Aql1Le1a Savana . ToLosa ArauslO . . VeLleia .',PatavlUm'" Lugdunum Convenarum. Nemausus. .Apa h Liba.rna. ) · Q1a SaLonae . AreLate. Iul1a / Parma . ' ..  CaLagurris- Baeterrae '--- Forum IuL CemeneL m ALb . 1-.. (-----.....--- m 9 au n u m Tarra:"';J Bagie% v S   c5? Saguntum. ( I C?   Forum Traiam n . . tma TarentUi  ?- Paestum. _. MAR E U!:J aLes G,umentu V . L-- Thuburbo Minus f""U'1 Thermae - - . _______ " l  .---J Caesarea Tipasa . Ru}]ca \ .Utica C rth " C t · S . " tth -.--- a ago  a ana . 1m1 u .....-- .IC" . "- C1rta. .. .. .arp1 ,Syracusae Thuburbo Maius  .  Pupput Lambaesis. Thugga Thibari... -.Hadrumetum. . Theveste.' . -- Lept1s Mmor GemeLlae. SufetuLa.\. AThapsus Mactans r Thysdrus  S b t .'............ Leptis Magna araa _ ATLANTIC US .-1 · Emerita AMTeaTpbl, CTaAOHbl  nnOAPOMbl PMCKO Mnep . AMqH1TeaTp AJlfl rJlaA!.1aTOpCK!.1X Cpa}!{eH!.1 !.1 BbICTynJleH!.1 c }!{!.1BOTHbIM!.1. . !.1pK AJlfl JlOWaA!.1HbIX 6eroB !.1 3peJl!.1L4HO OXOTbl Ha }!{!.1BOTHbIX o CTaA!.10Hbl AJlfl aTJleT!.14eCK!.1X COCTfl3aH!.1 Ho Kopme OmMe'-leHbl Mecmo, zae COXPOHU- J/UCb UJ/U ocmOJ/UCb BUaUMble CJ/eabl cmpoeHuiJ aJ/R npOBeaeHUR uzp. GAETULIA - 122 
.,--- . Porolissum Aquincum Philipgopolis \ :s:tinoPOliS )   . Cyzicus upJae c:2 0 0 .Pessinus C\ "'  Aezani  0 0 Q A () Pergamum oQQ AegaeO Olympia DeLphi "\ Q, 0 E h l oSardes \),  . 0 ",,, .P esuso . n SlCy.Qn "'::> AthtL nae Magneia  Qaodlcea Sel g e \) De C'O::" p'(lene<h 0 Heraclea 0 L c. ( OEPidaurufO Mileius . '0 .  0 () ()Aspendus y a (a O 'Nemea 0 0 Dlos a 6 us c::: Cibyra t Perge "- ( CSorinthus (10  () (} ............... TermessOs \;  Aphrodisias d Messene 0 V  "'Hierapytna IJortyna  Brigetio __ Epidaurus ,' "  , A '. .  nmmlJm - --. Ancona \ . RiClna Urbs Salvia. \ . Asisium . . · irmum . Hispellum Fa le ri 0\ · Mevania . Ascu\um A D R I A TIC U M Volsinii . . Spoletium \ Carsulae. . Interamnia .Interamna Nahars Ocriculum. . Reate . Amiternum . Falerii . Florentia .Arretium MARE · Volterrae Q D . Sutrium . Trebula Mutuesca . Alba Fucens . Marruvium . Sarmizegetusa ROMA . · Tibur '. . Tusculum Bovlllae 'Albanum "\ :::;.. A . .. Casinum  qumum Tarratina __ Suessa v- Minturnae. · . c l . Telesia " a es pua. . Abella .Aeclanum . . V . Cumae  Nola enUSla Puteolt . Pompeii J . , I . Canusium PONTUS EUXINUS .Comana ,.Anazarbus .Antiochia . Bostra . Gerasa Dura-Europos. INTERNUM Ptolemais .---. Cyrene  ARABIA - 123 
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66JH10rpacpfI J.K. Anderson, Hunting in Ancient World, JMC Toynbee, London 1985. Anfiteatro Flavio. Immagine, testimonianze, spet- tacoli, Edizioni Quasar, Roma 1988. D. Augenti, Spettacoli del Colosseo nelle cronache degli antichi, L'Erma di Bretschneider, Roma 2001. R. Auget, Cruelty and Civilisation. The Roman Ga- mes, Gorge Allen and Unwin ltd. London 1972. E. Cantarella, I supplizi capitali a Grecia e a Ro- ma, SuperBur, Milano 1991. J. Carcopino, La vita quaotidiana a Roma, Later- za, Bari, 1986. Il Colosseo, a cura di A. Gabucci, Electa, Milano 1999. Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, Berlin 1863 e segg. G. Cozzo, Il Colosseo. L'anfiteatro Flavio nella tec- nica edilizia, nella storia delle strutture, nel con- cetto esecutivo dei lavori, Palombi, Roma 1971. M. Fora, I munera gladiatoria in Italia. Considera- zioni sulla loro documentazione epigrafica, IASP. A.D., 1, Milano-Napoli 1996. J.C Golvin-C Landes, Amphiteathres et Gladia- teurs, Press du CNRS, Paris 1990. A. Guarino, Spartacus. Analisi di un mito, Liguori, Napoli 1979. Ch. Landes-D. Cazes, Les gladiateurs, catalogo della mostra Tolosa-Lattes, Lattes, 1987. - 126 E. K6hne-C Ewigleben, Gladiators and Caesars, British Museum Press, London 2000. R. Rea, I cristiani, vittime e spettatori nel tem- plum demonum, in "Aurea Roma. Dalla citta pagana alla citta cristiana", catalogo della mostra a cura di S. Ensoli ed E. La Rocca, l'erma di Bret- schneider, Roma 2000. L. Robert, Les gladiateurs dans l'Orient grecque, Champion Ed., Paris 1940. P. Sabbatini Tumolesi, Gladiatorium Paria. Annun- ci di spettacoli gladiatorii a Pompei, Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, Roma 1980. P. Sabbatini Tumolesi, Epigrafia anfiteatrale dell'Occidente romano, I, Roma, Edizioni Quasar, Roma 1988. Sangue e Arena, catalogo della mostra a cura di A. La Regina, Electa, Roma 2001. I Tantillo, I munera in eta tardo antica, in "Aurea Roma. Dalla citta pagana alla citta cristiana", catalogo della mostra a cura di S. Ensoli ed E. La Rocca, l'erma di Bretschneider, Roma 2000, pp. 120-125. G. Ville, La gladiature en Occident des origines a la mort de Domitien, BEFRA 245, Roma 1981. C Vismara, Il supplizio come spettacolo, Edizioni Quasar, Roma 1990. G. Vaccai, Le feste di Roma antica, edizioni Medi- terranee, Roma 1986. T. Wiedemann, Emperors and Gladiators, Paper- back, London-New York, 1992. 
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