ȆȓȐțș
ǯǭDZǭǸ
ǬǶǴ ǷǶǬ
ǻǺǶǷǨȆȁǭDZ
ǯǪǭǯǬǶDZ
ǹȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ Ǩ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ
Salamandra P.V.V.

ǯȍȑȍȘ Ȇ
ǬȖȔ ȗȖȌ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑ ǵȖȊȍȓȓȣ. ǷȍȘ ș ȟȍȠșȒ Ǫȓ.
dzȍȕșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ Ǫ Ƿ ǫȓȍȉȖȊȖȑ ǰȓȓ ȇ ǯȘȏȈȊȖȋȖ ǹȖșȚ, ȗȖȌȋ
ȚȍȒșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȔ Ǩ Ǩ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȈ. — ǩ. Ȕ.: Salamandra P.V.V.,
2021. — 180 ș. Ȑȓȓ — (Polaris: ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ, ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ Ǫȣȗ ǹǹCLXXVIII).
Ǫ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȓȍȚ Ȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȦ ȊȖȏȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȦȚșȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȊȐȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȠșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒȈ Ȑ ȌȘȈȔȈ-
ȚțȘȋȈ ȆȓȐțșȈ ǯȍȑȍȘȈ -1901). ǵȍȖȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȒ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ
ȔȐȜȈȔȐ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ șȚȘȈȕ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ
Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȚȐȝȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȍ ǯȍȑȍȘ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȚȊȖȘȟȍ-
șȚȊȍ Ȓ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȏȔț Ȑ ȌȍȒȈȌȈȕșț ǺȈȒȖȊȈ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ©ǬȖȔ ȗȖȌ țȚȖ-
ȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª — ȌȍȒȈȌȍȕȚșȒȈȧ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ ȕȈșȣȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȋȖȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖ-ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȕȣȔȐ ȔȖȚȐȊȈȔȐ Ǫ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȚȈȒȎȍ
ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȣ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȣ ©Inultus ǷȘȈȎșȒȈȧ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈª
Ȑ ©ǺȍȘȍȏȈ ǴȈȕȜȘȍȌȐª
© A. A. Stepanov, șȖșȚȈȊ ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ, ȗȘȐȔ 2021
© Salamandra P.V.V., ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ, 2021

DzǼǺ ǽǼDz
ȁȀǼǽǮȌȇdzǷ ǵǰdzǵDzǼǷ
Ƕȕ ȐȜȟȝȜȚȖțȎțȖȗ țȓȕțȎȘȜȚȤȎ
ǽȓȞ ǰș ǹȓțȟȘȜȑȜ

9
șȚȈȚȖȒ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ ȘȈș-
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ șȊ ȆȓȐȈȕȈ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȔ
ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧȔ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȑ șȚȖȓȐȞȣ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȒ
Ȏȍ ȔȈȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ ȒȈȒ Ȑ șȈȔȈ ȌȘȍȊȕȧȧ, ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȕȖ-ȋȖȚȐȟȍș-
ȒȈȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȍȠȕȍȔ șȊȖȍȔ
țȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȖȉȖȌȘȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȍȡȍ Ȓ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȍȌ-
ȒȐȔ Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȈȔ ȗȈȘȐȎșȒȖȋȖ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ.
ǹȖȉȓȈȏȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȘȝȐȚȍȒȚțȘȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈȔȐ ȧ ȗȖșȍȡȈȓ
ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ șȊ ȆȓȐȈȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȟȈșȚȖ Ȑ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌ ȊȍȟȍȘ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȕȍȑ șȓțȎȐȓȐșȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȐ Ǫ șțȔȘȈȒȍ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ
Ȑ Ȋ ȌȣȔț ȒȈȌȐȓȤȕȐȞ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȗȘȐ ȉȖȋȖșȓțȎȍȕȐȐ ȊȍȘ-
ȕȣȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔȐ ǾȍȘȒȖȊȤ ȉȣȓȈ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȓȍȕȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȎȐȊțȡȐȝ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ șȐȘȐȑșȒȐȝ ȝȘȐ-
șȚȐȈȕ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȔțȋȓȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ
ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȊșȍȔț șȖȉȘȈȕȐȦ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȟțȎțȦ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȦ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȚȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȏȈ Țȣșȧ-
ȟț ȔȐȓȤ ȖȚ ǹȍȕȣ Ȑ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȖȊ Ȑ ȖȡțȡȈȓ ȊȍȧȕȤȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȋȖ ǪȖș-
ȚȖȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȓȈșȒȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȈȒ
ǩȐȉȓȐȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȊȍȍȚ ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȣȑ Ȍțȝ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ȗȘȍȎ-
Ȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȖ șȈȔȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ șȊ ȆȓȐȈȕȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ șȊȖȍȔț
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȦȎȕȖȔț ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘț Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ȔȐȕțȊȠȐȝ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȕȍȊȣ-
ȘȈȏȐȔȖ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȕȣ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ȋ ȚȐȝȖȑ Ȑ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ
ȚȍȗȓȖȑ ȖȒȘȈșȒȍ ȕȍșȘȈȊȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȈȘȐȎșȒȐȝ ȏȈȒȈȚȖȊ Ȋ ȊȖȓȠȍȉ-
Ƕ

șȚȊȍ ȋȖȓțȉȖȊȈȚȣȝ ȗȘȖșȐȧȕȕȣȝ șțȔȍȘȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȈȒ ȟțȌȍș-
ȕȖ ȐȌȍȈȓȐȏȐȘțȦȚ șȈȔȣȍ ȉȈȕȈȓȤȕȣȍ țȓȐȞȣ Ǫșȧ ȥȚȈ ȖȉșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȒȈ ȎȐȊȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȟȈșȚȤ șȚȈȘȖȑ ǼȓȖȘȍȕȞȐȐ ȥȚȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ Mercato Vecchio * ș ȍȊȘȍȑșȒȐȔȐ țȓȐȞȈȔȐ
ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȒȈ ȥȚȐ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȐ ȔȐȕțȊȠȐȝ ȥȗȖȝ ȕȍ
ȘțȝȕțȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȚȖȗȖȘȖȔ ȔȖȌȍȘȕȐȏȐȘțȦȡȍȋȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȧ Ȑ ȉȍȏȌțȠ-
ȕȖȑ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȗȍȒțȓȧȞȐȐ
ȇ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȍ ȈȘȚȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐ-
șȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ șȖșȍȌȕȐȔ șȖ șȊ ȆȓȐȈȕȖȔ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȈȔ ȥȚȐȔ
ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȐȔ ȌȖȔȈȔ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȐȔșȧ Ȓ ȘțȐȕȈȔ
Ȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȦȡȐȔșȧ Ȓ șȊȍȚȓȣȔ ȕȍȉȍșȈȔ ȥȚȐȔ ȚȈȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧȔ ȏȈ ȕȍȗȖȔȍȘȕȖ ȕȐȏȒȐȔȐ ȌȊȍȘȧȔȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ, ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȏȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔȐ ȖȉȊȍȚȠȈȓȣȔȐ ȗȖȘ-
ȚȈȓȈȔȐ — ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘșȗȍȒȚȐȊȣ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȖȊ ȒȖ-
ȘȐȌȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȝ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȐ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ ȟȈ-
șȚȖ ȊȓȐȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȧ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȉȣ ȍșȓȐ ȉ
ȊȌȘțȋ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȓȐȓȈșȤ șȚȘțȧ ȒȘȖȊȐ — ȌȖ
ȚȖȋȖ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐ ȖȕȐ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ
ǿȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȚȊȖȘȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȖȔȈȝ
ǪȖȕ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ ȋȌȍ Ȋ ȖȒȕȍ șȐȌȐȚ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ
ȒȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȐȕȖȑ ȟȍȔ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȒȖȚȣ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ ȎȐȚȤ ȒȖȓȌț-
ȕȤȧ Ȉ ȥȚȈ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȊȐșȧȡȐȔȐ șȍȌȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ
ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȉȘȈȕȧȡȈȧ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȖȒȕȍ ȗȧȚȖȋȖ ȥȚȈȎȈ Ȑ ș ȌȐȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȎȍșȚȈȔȐ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȦȡȈȧ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ
— ȉȍȏ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȍȏȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝț ȕȈ ©ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȍ Ȕȍșșȣª șȈȔȖȋȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ
ǵȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȒȖȕ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȎȐȚȤ șȈȔȈ ȗȖȥ-
ȏȐȧ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȒȘȈșȐȊțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȊȣȘȖșȠțȦ
Ȑȏ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȍȒȈȔȐ ȘțȐȕ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȈȧ ȊȖȓȠȍȉ-
ȕȈȧ ȓȐȓȐȧ Ǫșȍ ȍȍ ȖȒȖȕȞȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȚȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȔ
ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȏȈȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȏȈȔȖȒ ȖȉȘȖșȓȖ șȊȍȎȐȔ ȧșȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ
ȊȤȦȡȐȔșȧ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȍȔ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ, ȒȈȒ ȗțȘȗțȘ, ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ
ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȓțȟȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȔȐȋȈȦȚ șȘȍȌȐ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ Ȉ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖȍ
ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȖȍ ȗȍȕȐȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȗȚȐȟȒȐ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȋțșȚȣȝ ȏȈȘȖș-
ȓȍȑ ȗȓȣȊȍȚ Ȋ ȗȖȊșȍȌȕȍȊȕȣȑ ȋțȓ țȓȐȞȣ
* ɋɬɚɪɵɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɢɬ.).

11
ȚȖȚ ȌȖȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȇ
ȌȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȉȣȓ țȗȖȘȕȖ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ
ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȎȐȊțȚ ȓȦȌȐ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȍ Ǫȣ-
ȝȖȌȧ Ȑȏ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ șȊ ȆȓȐȈȕȈ ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȥȚȐȔ șȚȘȖȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ȗȘȐȋȓȧȌȣ-
ȊȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ș ȕȍȋȖ șȕȧȓȐ ȐșȗȖȘȟȍȕȕțȦ ȊȣȊȍșȒț ȒȈȒȖ-
ȋȖ-ȚȖ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȈ ȎȍȓȍȏȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȘȐȓșȧ Ȋȣ-
ȊȍșȒȈ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ
 ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȗȖȌ
ȕȍȑ ȘȈșȚȘȍșȒȈȕȕȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ ȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȈ-
ȓȈ ȇ ȧșȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȡȐȚȍ ȋȍȘȈȓȤȌȐȟȍșȒȐ șȚȐȓȐ-
ȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ ȏȊȍȏȌț ǹ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȧ ȖȒ-
ȘȍșȚȐȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȖȔ ©ǷȖȌ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȥȚȖ-
Ȕț ȋȍȘȉț Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȍȡȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȍȑ Ȑ ȧ ȍȡȍ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȍȍ ȎȍȓȈȓ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȔȘȈȟȕțȦ
ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ
DzȈȒ-ȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ
ȇ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȍ ȏȈșȔȖȚȘȍȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȊȍȌțȡȐȑ
Ȓ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȔȖȓȖȌȈ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȈ ǶȕȈ șȔȍȓȖ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖ țșȔȍȝȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
șȚȈȓȈ ȏȊȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȖȕȈ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȌȖ ȕȖȋ Ǫ ȍȍ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌȖ-
ȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȣ ȍȍ ȘȍȔȍșȓȈ Ȋ ȍȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȋȖȘȍȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȐ ȇ ȕȍ
ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȍȏ șȓȖȊ țȋȈȌȈȓȈ ȔȖȑ ȖȚȒȈȏ ǶȕȈ ȕȈ-
ȝȔțȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȋȘțȉȖșȚȤ Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ țȑȚȐ — Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ȖȚȘȍȏȊȐȓșȧ ȖȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȘȖȔȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȉȘȍȌȕȍȑ
ǷȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȊ ȆȓȐȈȕț ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ
ȚȍșȕȖ — Ȑ ȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȊȝȖȌȈ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȧ
țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȍȉȧ ȊȏȌȖȝ ȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ Ȗȟȍ-
ȊȐȌȕȖ ȊȣȘȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ș șȈȔȖȋȖ ȌȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚ-
ȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȏȈțȘȧȌȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȍȔ ȊȏȌȖȝ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖ
ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ ș ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȒȖȚȖ-
ȅ

12
Șȣȑ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȓ ȇ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȠȈȋȍ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ ț ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ
ȕȍȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕț ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȖ ȕȖ ȉȍȌȕȖ ȖȌȍȚȖȋȖ ș ȓȐȞȖȔ,
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȍȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȏȈ Ȑș-
ȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȣȝ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ-ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ
ǵȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕț-
Țț ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȕȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȕȍȚȍȘ-
ȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȗȖ ȓȉț ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȓȖȑ șțȝȖȑ ȖȌțȝȖȚȊȖ-
ȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȖ țȎȍ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ
șȕȖȊȈ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȡțȘȧ
ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ
șȚȖȘȖȕț ȈȓȚȈȘȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȉȖȎȕȣȔ ȕȖ ȕȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ
Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌț Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȒțȌȈ
ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ ȈȘȚȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȓȍȒȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȇ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȔȍȝȈȕȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ șȖ șȒȊȍȘȕȣȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ȖȚȓțȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕț ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ țȓȐ-
Ȟț Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȓ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȌȖȔț ©ȗȖȌ
țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª ȇ ȗȖȋȕȈȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ
ȉȍȏ ȊȖȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȊȖ șȕȍ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ
Ƕȕ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȓ:
— ǿȚȖ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ"
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȖȔȐȟȕȖșȚȤ șȊȖȦ Ȑ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ DzȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȖȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȊȣșȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ Ȑ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȔț ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞț ȊșȦ ȞȍȓȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍ-
ȕȍȍ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȑ Ȑ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ șȖȏȌȈȓ ț șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȗȖȌ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍȔ
șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ" Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȧ șȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȧ
ȝȖȟț ǪȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȌȖȔ" DzȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȈȍȚ" ǷȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ
ȍȋȖ ȚȈȑȕȣ" ǵȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȓȐ ȖȕȐ" ǷȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȕȍȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȞȍȔ" ǯȈȟȍȔ" ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȓ ©ȗȖȌ
țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª"
ȇ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ ȗȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȔț ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ ȊȣȚȈ-
ȡȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ Ȑ ȏȈȐȒȈȧșȤ șȖȓȋȈȓ

— Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȋȣ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ"
Ƕȕ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȈȘȔȈȕț Ȑ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȓ
— ǵȍȚ Ǫȣ ȖȠȐȉȈȍȚȍșȤ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈș
Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓ Ƞȓȧȗț ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ǹȒȘȣȓ-
șȧ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȍ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈ Ȑ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ șȒȘȐȗ ȚȘȧșțȡȍȑșȧ ȓȍșȚ-
ȕȐȞȣ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȐȓȈșȤ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ șȚȘțȧ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ȇ șȔȍȧȓșȧ ȕȈȌ șȈȔȐȔ șȖȉȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ
șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȑ șȔȍȝ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈȒ șȗȈșȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȕȈ-
Ȕȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍțȌȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȧ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ Ǫșȍ ȗȘȖȐș-
ȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȈȒȐȔ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȔȍȠ-
ȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȣȌȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȝȖȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȓ șȊ ȆȓȐȈȕț ǪșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȍȏȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȌȖȔ ©ȗȖȌ
țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ
ȗȘȍȎȕȦȦ ȗȘȐȚȧȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ

14
Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈȕȧȚ ǩȖȓȤȕȐȞȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȈ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȍȘȊȕȣȝ ©șțȉȢȍȒȚȖȊª ȒȈȒ ȚȈȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ș șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȈȔȐ ǯȈȕȐȔȈȓȖ ȥȚȖ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȖȉȖ
ȊșȍȔ ȒȘȖȔȍ șȊȖȐȝ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȘțȌȖȊ ȕȐ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȕȐ
ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ǴȖȑ Ȍțȝ
ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȓ ȒȘȐȏȐș ȐȓȐ ȓțȟȠȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊșȚțȗȈȚȤ ȕȈ
ȗțȚȤ ȊȍȌțȡȐȑ Ȓ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑȠȍȔț ȒȘȐȏȐșț ǪȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȐȍȔ Ȍȓȧ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȐ ©ȕȍȘȊȕȣȍ șțȉȢȍȒȚȣª Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕȐȞȍ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȗȣȚȣ ș șȖȔȕȈȔȉțȓȐșȚȒȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȒȓȐȕȐȒȍ 6DOSHWULrUH ǬȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȕȈȧ ȊȍȘȈ ȔȖȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȠȐȉȖȟȕȖșȚȤ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȐȝ ȏȕȈȕȐȑ
Ȋ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖȏȐȚȐȊȐȏȔ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȒȖȓȍ-
ȉȈȚȤșȧ Ȉ ȔȖȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȍȡȍ
șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȉȍȏ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȚȈȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȘȈȒȖȊ Ȑ ȔȋȓȐșȚȣȝ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȖȊ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȕȍȗȘȍȌțȋȈ-
ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȓȤȦȡȐȑșȧ Ȑȏ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȉȍȏȌȖȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕ
ǿȈșȚȖ ȌțȔȈȧ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧ ȖȗȣȚȣ ȧ ȖȡțȡȈȓ ȊȕȍȏȈȗ-
ȕȖȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȍȔȓȧ țșȒȖȓȤȏȈȍȚ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȝȖȌȐȓ șȈȔ ȒȈȒ șȖȔȕȈȔȉțȓȈ ȕȍ-
ȊȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ țȏȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ — Ȑ
ȊȌȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ ȒȈȒ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȘȈșșțȌȖȒ ȇ ȚȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȝȊȈȚȈȓșȧ ȏȈ Ƞȓȧȗț Ȑ țȉȍȋȈȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ
ȀȈȚȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȉȓțȎȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȖ ȗȈȘȐȎșȒȐȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȒȐȗȍ-
ȓȖ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȉȖȌȘȖȍ ȊȍșȍȓȖȍ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ — ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȘȍȏȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ ȌțȠ.
ǺȈȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍȔ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȥȓȍȋȈȕȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȜȍ ȕȈ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȍ ǹȍȕ-ǴȐȠȍȓȤ
ȒțȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ șȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȊȍșȍȓțȦ ȉȍșȍȌț ȔȖȐ ȒȖȓ-
ȓȍȋȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȘțȌȖȊ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȔȈ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȐșȚȖȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȊțȝȌȕȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ ȧ ȗȖȧȊȐȓ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȈȠȍȑ șȝȖȌȒȍ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ, ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȗȧȚȐȓȍȚȕȍȑ ȘȈȏȓț-
ȒȐ
ȇ

— A propos, — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ǨȕȈȚȖȓȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȐȑ șȚȈȓ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȟȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ Ȋ
ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ — A SURSRV ǹȍȊȍȘȐȕ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ Țȍȉȧ ȊȟȍȘȈ ș
ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȔ Ǻȣ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȠȤ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ șȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȐȔȐ șȖȚȕȧȔȐ ȧȏȣȒȖȊ Ȑ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȣ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ȕȈȠ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕ țȓȣȉȕțȚȤșȧ ǹȓȈȊț șȒȈȏȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȕȋ-
ȊȐșȚȈ ȧ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȌȍȠȍȊȖ ǷȖ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț
șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȧ Ȋ
ǨȕȋȓȐȐ Ȑ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ ȊȣțȟȐȓșȧ ȔȍșȚȕȣȔ ȧȏȣȒȈȔ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȓȖșȤ ț ȟȍȝȖȊ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȧȏȣȒȈ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȈȘ-
ȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȖȊ șȖȒȘȖ-
ȊȐȡȕȐȞȍȑ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȐȝ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȑ DzȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȡȐ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȟȐȚȈȦȡȐȔ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȘțșșȒțȦ ȋȈȏȍ-
Țț ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ, Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȍ Ȑȝ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȏȈȐȕ-
ȚȘȐȋȖȊȈȓȈ ȥȚȈ ©ȈȏȉțȒȈª
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Țȍȉȍ ȚȈȒ ȎȐȊȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȖ ȔȖȦ țȟȍȕȖșȚȤ" —
șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ǨȕȈȚȖȓȧ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȠțȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȖȍ
țȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ ȏȕȈȕȐȐ ȧȏȣȒȖȊ
— ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤ șȍȉȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚ-
șțȚșȚȊȐȧ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ǷȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȖȔȕȐ-
ȉțș Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȝ
ǶȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȓȐ Ȋ ȕȈȠț ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞț ǵȖ-
ȟȤȦ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ șȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȉȘȍȌȐȓ ǹȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȈ Ȗȕ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍș ȗȖ-ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȖȔ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȈȒȞȍȕȚȖȔ
ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȟțȎȌȖȔ Ȕȕȍ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ
ȔȍȓȖȌȐȟȕȖȔ ȕȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ ȥȒȏȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȉȣȓ
ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȐȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȐȑ ǪȖȚ
ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ȕȈ țȔ ȚȊȖȍ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ
— ǻȊȐȌȐȔ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈȚȐȓșȧ

17
Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ țȚȘȖȔ ȧ ȕȍ ȌȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞț ȒȈȒ
ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ DzȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȘȈș-
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȉȍșȗȘȐȟȐȕȕȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȘȈș-
șȚȘȖȍȕ ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȌȖȐșȒȐȊȈȓșȧ ȧ ȟȚȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ
ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȋȘțșȚȤ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȕȕȍ șȕȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȒȊȍȘ-
ȕȣȑ șȖȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȕȖ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋ
ȌțȠȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ
ȇ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ȘȈȕȖ ǻȚȘȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȧ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ǹȍȕȖȑ ȍȍ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȈȧ șȊȍȎȍșȚȤȦ ȊȖȌȈ ȗȖ-
ȚȧȕțȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȍ ȗȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȦȡȐȔșȧ ȊȖȓȕȈȔ ȇ
șȍȓ ȕȈ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑ ȒșȚȈȚȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ Ȑ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ ȊȕȐȏ
ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ ȌȖ ǹȍȕ-Dzȓț ǺȈȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȌțȠȐ ȇ ȌȖȓȋȖ ș Ȑș-
ȚȐȕȕȣȔ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖȌ ȠțȔȧȡȐȔȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ
Ǫ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȔ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ ȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȌȐȕ șȍȓ Ȓ ȗȖȏȌ-
ȕȍȔț ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒț Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ țȗȈȓ Ȋ
ȐȏȕȍȔȖȎȍȕȐȐ Ȋ ȚȘȈȊț ȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȍ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ
ȖȉȠȐȘȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ǴȖȍ țȚȘȍȕȕȍȍ ȗȓȖȝȖȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ
ȉȍȏ șȓȍȌȈ — Ȑ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȦ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚ-
ȊȐȍǪ ȚȐȝȖȔ ȥȒșȚȈȏȍ ȧ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȓ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ ©ȕȈȠț ȔȈȚȤ-ȏȍȔȓȦª ȒȈȒ ș ȗȖȥ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȍȚ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȕȖ ȊȌȘțȋ șȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ ȖȚ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȧșȕȖșȚȐ Ȕȕȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ țȗȈȓȈ ȕȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȈȧ ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȍȕȤ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȊ-
Ƞȍȑșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȉȖșȒȓȖȕ ȚțȟȐ
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȊȌȘțȋ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȔȖȚȘȦ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȕȈȠț ȔȈȚȤ-
ȏȍȔȓȦ ș ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȗțȕȒȚȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖșȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ȍȍ ȊșȦ ȊșȦ Ȉ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚț ȍȍ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȌȖ
ȔȕȖȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȘȐ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈ ȌȖ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȍȍ ț ȒȘȈȧ ȕȍȉȈ ȔȋȓȐ-
șȚȣȝ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊ ǰ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȒȈȒȖ-
Ȕț-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȉȓȍșȒț ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȋ ȏȈȉȣȚȖȔ țȚȘȖȔ șȕȍ ȧ
ȚȈȒ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȊșȦ Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȐȘȈȎ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ șȕȖ-
ȊȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȓ ȗȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ǪșȦ ȍȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȧ ȕȈȠț ȏȍȔȓȦ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȓȍȚȧȡȍȑ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȓ ȕȍ-
ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȑ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ DzțȌȈ" DzțȌȈ Ȑ ȏȈȟȍȔ" DzȚȖ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȚ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș"
ǵ

18
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ
ȗțșȚȖȚț ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȖȚ ȕȍȏȈȗȈȔȧȚȕȖȋȖ
ȌȈȊȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȖȉȢȍȔȓȍȔȖȔț ȕȍȖȉȖȏȘȐȔȖȔț ȉțȌțȡȍ-
Ȕț ȉȍȏ ȌȣȝȈȕȤȧ ȊȖȧ ȕȈțȌȈȟț ȒȈȒ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ țȎȈ-
șȖȔ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ ȘȈȏȢȧȘȍȕȕȖȑ șȊȖȘȣ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȚȐ-
ȚȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȕȍȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȔȖ țȎȈșȈȦȡȍȑ ȕȍȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȕȖ ȔȖȡ-
ȕȖȑ dzȍȚȍȓȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȗȍȕȖȑ șȊȖȐȝ ȘȈȏȉțȠȍȊȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȊȖȌ
Ȑ ȔȖȘȍȑ ș ȖȡȍȚȐȕȐȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ șȊȖȐȝ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȓȍșȖȊ
ș ȕȍȘȍȋțȓȧȘȕȖ Ȑ ȌȐȒȖ șȚțȟȈȡȐȔ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȊțȓȒȈȕȖȊ ș
ȗȣȓȈȦȡȍȑ ȔȣșȓȤȦ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȎȐȊțȡȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ș ȗȍ-
ȟȈȓȤȦ șȊȖȐȝ ȏȈȔȍȘȠȐȝ țȠȍȌȠȐȝ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȈ-
ȞȐȑ ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȍȚȍ șȐȧȓȈ ȓȈȏțȘȕȈȧ
șȓȈȊȈ ȍȍ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȕȈȌ ȉȍȏȌȕȈȔȐ
țȎȈșȖȊ Ȉ Ȋ ȍȍ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȔȐȋȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȕȣȝ
ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȐȝ șȊȧȚȐȓȐȡ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȥȓȓȐȕșȒȐȝ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȝ ȝȘȈȔȖȊ
Ȑ ȊȣșȐȓȐșȤ ȒȊȍȘȝț ȗȖȉȍȌȐȊ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȦ șȊȖȌȣ ȋȖ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȞȍȘȒȊȍȑ
Ǫ ȋȘțȌȐ ȍȍ ȋȘȍȔȍȓȈ șȊȍȘȝȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȖȥȏȐȧ ǰșȈȑȐ Ȑ
ȅșȝȐȓȈ ȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȖȚȏȊțȒȐ ǰȓȐȈȌȣ Ȑ ǸȈȔȈȧȕȣ ǹ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȜȈȕȜȈȘȈȔȐ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȣȝ ȚȘțȉ Ȑ ș ȔȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȠȍȓȍșȚȖȔ
ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȈȘȜ șȔȍȠȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȎȈȓȖȉȈ ȓȦȌșȒȖȑ ȕȐȡȍȚȣ Ȑ ȔțȒȐ
ȏȊȍȘȐȕȖȑ — ȕȖ ȊȣȠȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȊ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȘȐȔȖȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ
ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȉȖȑ ȊȖȓȕ ȋȐȔȕ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȈȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȕȍȉȖ ȌțȠȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȋȘȍȔȍȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȣȍ ȉȖȎȍșȒȐȔ ȝȖȘȣ
ȓȦȌșȒȐȝ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȑ Ȓ ȐȌȍȈȓț Ȑ Ȋ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ șȚȘȈȝȍ ȔȈȚȤ-
ȏȍȔȓȧ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȊȣșȠȍȍ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȍ Ȑ șȊȧȚȍȑȠțȦ ȋȖȘ-
ȌȖșȚȤ ȋȖȘșȚȤ ȗȖȓȍȊȣȝ ȓȐȓȐȑ Ȑȏ ȉȖȎȤȍȋȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ
ȓȖȚȖș ǩțȌȌȣ Ȓ ȚȧȎȒȖ ȌȣȠȈȡȍȑ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖ șȚȖȕțȡȍȑ ȋȘț-
ȌȐǰ ȗȘȖșȚȍȘ ȧ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȊȐȌȍȕȤȦ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ
șȍȘȌȞȍ ©DzțȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȕȍțȒȓȖȕȕȖ șȚȘȍȔȐȚ Țȍȉȧ Ȗ ȕȈȠȈ ȔȈȚȤ
ȚȊȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ" ǩȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȐȓȐ Ȓ ǩȖȋț" Ǩȕȋȍȓ ȐȓȐ
ȌȍȔȖȕ ȊȓȍȟȍȚ Țȍȉȧ Ȗ ȔȣșȓȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȈȧ Ȗ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ
ȐȌȍȈȓ" ǻȗȈȌȍȠȤ Țȣ Ȋ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȐȓȐ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍȠȤ ȌȖ ȕȍȉȍș" ǵȍȉȈ
ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ ȖȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȐȔȍȚ Țȍȉȧ ǰ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ — ȋȖȘȍ
ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Țȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȚȤ ȉȍȏ șȓȍȌȈ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ
ȉ ȗțșȚȖȍ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȞȍȓȤȦª

19
ǸțȒȐ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ șȗȘȧȚȈȓ ȓȐȞȖ Ȋ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȚȘȈ-
Ȋȍ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȈȧ ȔțȒȈ șȎȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȊȣȘȈ-
ȏȐȔȖ ȎȈȓȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ țșȐȓȐȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȈȧ ȒȈȒ
ȖȓȖȊȖ ȚȍȕȤ țȗȈȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ ȓȦȌșȒȐȍ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȚȡȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȊșȧȒȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ — ȗțșȚȣȔ șȕȖȔ ȊșȧȒȖȍ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ — ȕȐȟȚȖȎȍșȚȊȖȔ ǬȍȔȖȕ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȤȧ șȚȈȓ
ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȚȈ ȚȧȎȒȈȧ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȗȈȌȈȓȈ ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ
ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȘțȝȕțȓȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȍ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ©ȧª ȏȈșȣȗȈȓȐ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ
ȗȖȌȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȍȔ ȇ ȚȐȝȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȚȘȈȊȍ ș ȏȈȒȘȣ-
ȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȎȐȓ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȣȠȈȓ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȊȖȦ
ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȠȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȣȠȈȡȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ
ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȐȕȖȋȖ șțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȑ ș ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ș ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȖ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ȕȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȐ
ȚȍȓȍșȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șȚȈȓȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ șȕȈ:
ȧ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ — ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ — ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȋ
ȌȊțȝ ȓȐȞȈȝ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȖȔ Ȑ ȒȈȒ șȖȕ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȑ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍ ȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȓșȧ șȍȉȍ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ șȍ-
ȉȧ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȧșȕȖ ȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ȚȍȔ
ȟȚȖ ȚȍȕȤ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȤȧ Ȑ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȘȈșȗȓȣȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȐȔȖȓȍȚ-
ȕȈȧ ȚțȟȈ
ǴȖȍ șȊȍȘȝȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ ©ȧª ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȖȋȘȈȕȐ-
ȟȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȍȑ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȐ ȒȈȒ ȏȊȍȏȌȈ ȉȓȍșȕțȊȠȈȧ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȍ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȍ Ǫ ȥȚț Ȏȍ ȔȐȕțȚț ȏȈȗȍȓ ȕȖșȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ
ȎȈȊȖȘȖȕȖȒ ȍȋȖ șȊȍȚȓȈȧ ȗȍșȕȧ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ șȚȘțȍȑ ȗȖȓȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍ
șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȕȐȏȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȓțȟ șȊȍȚȈ ȅȚȖ
șȓȈȌȒȖȍ ȗȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ
Ǵȕȍ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȈșȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȗȖȥȔȈ ȀȍȓȓȐ Ȗ ȎȈȊȖȘȖȕȒȍ
«And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest» *, — ȗȘȖ-
ȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȧ, Ȑ ȔȖȧ ȚțȟȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȧȓȈșȤ.
ǹ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȟȍȔ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȐ-
Ƞȍȓ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȝȖȓȔ ȕȖ ȉȍȏ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȧ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔ ȟȍȔ
ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȧ șȖȠȍȓ ȊȕȐȏ Ȓ ȘȍȒȍ Ȑ ȗȖȗȓȣȓ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȏȌȣ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȑ
* ©ɂ ɫ ɩɟɫɧɟɣ ɜ ɜɵɫɶ ɥɟɬɢɲɶ ɢ ɜ ɜɵɫɶ ɥɟɬɹ ɩɨɺɲɶª ɩɟɪ Ʉ Ⱦ Ȼɚɥɶ-
ɦɨɧɬɚ


ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȊȍșȍȓȖȔ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȗȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȦ ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȒȈȒ
ȘȈȏ șȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȌȖȔ
©ǺȘțȌȐșȤ — ȚȐȝȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ șȍȉȍ — ȚȘțȌȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȕ Țȍ
ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȐ DzȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȚ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȔȣȠ-
ȓȧȍȚ Ȗ ȞȍȓȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȍȒȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȍ
Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚª
ǵȖ ȧ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȘȐȊȖșȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȧ
— Ȑ ȖȕȖ ȕȍ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ǰȏȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȈȘȈȉȖȓȣ ȧ ȏȈ-
ȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȖȌȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊȖ ©ȚȘțȌȐșȤª Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȚȤ șȖ-
ȋȓȈșȕȖ ș ȕȐȔ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌȈ ȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȕȈȠț ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞț ȝȖȚȧ ȌȍȕȤ șȒȓȖ-
ȕȧȓșȧ țȎȍ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț Ȑ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȈȔ ȕț-
Ȏȍȕ

21
ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȣ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ǨȕȈȚȖȓȧ Ƕȕ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ
ȗȖȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȓșȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ
— DzȈȒ Țȣ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ǩțȌȚȖ ȗȖ ȏȖȊț ǩȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ
ȘȈȏ ȉȘȍȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ǰȌȐ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȑ Ȑ
țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐ ȔȖȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ ǪȖȏȌțȝ ȚȈȔ ȉȣȓ ȟȐșȚ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȒȖȓȖ
șȚȍȕ șȚȖȧȓȖ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȍȑ Ȉ ȗȖȌ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȚȣȔȐ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȠțȔȍȓȐ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȟȕȖȋȖ șȈȌȈ
ǹȔȖȚȘȍȊȠȍȍ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȕȍȉȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȎȍȓȚȖȍ
ȒȈȒȐȔ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȖȕȖ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ
ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚȖȔ ȜȖȕȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȍ șȐȓțȥȚȣ ȓȈșȚȖȟȍȒ Ȉ
ȡȍȉȍȚȈȕȤȍ ȊȖȘȖȉȤȍȊ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȊȘȣȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȏȈȓț
ǻ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȋȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǨȕȈȚȖȓȤ șȐȌȍȓȈ șȍșȚȘȈ
ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȐȧ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȣ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȋȘț-
ȉȖ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȣ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ ȖȕȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȊșȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȈ ȕȐ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈ ȕȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ Ȉ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȕȖ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕ-
șȚȊȈ ǶȕȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȏȧȓȈ Ȑ țȌȈȓȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȣȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ
ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȕȍȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȔțȎ-
ȟȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȑ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȈ ȐșȒ-
ȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȝșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
țȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȎȈȘț ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȋȓȈȏ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȗȕ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓ țȝȖȌȐȊȠțȦ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȦ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖȓțȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ
Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ ȋȖȓȖș ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȔȧȋȖȒ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ șȚȘțȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȐ ȕȈ
ȒȈȒȖȔ ȥȒȏȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ Ȑ ȉȘȍȌȐȓ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ
ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ ȘȍȟȤȦ ș ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ
ȈȒȞȍȕȚȖȔ
— ȅȚȖ șȚȈȘȠȈȧ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ șȍșȚȍȘ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȚȖ ȟȐ-
ȚȈȧ — șȚȈȘȠȈȧ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ șȍșȚȍȘ
— DzȚȖ" ȅȚȈ șȍșȚȘȈ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȐȧ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǨȕȈȚȖȓȤ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȗȖ-ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐ
— ǴȐȓȖșȍȘȌȐȧ" — ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ —
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ
ǪȏȋȓȧȌ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȚȖȓȒț Ȗȕ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǴȈȚȤ ǹȓȍȏ șȈȔȈȧ șȚȈȘȠȈȧ Ȑȏ ȚȘȍȝ 0DWHU LȈșUima-
Ǫ

22
UXP ǺȈ ȟȚȖ ȏȖȊȍȚ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȐȝ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ ǶȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ Ȋ ǸȈȔȍ
ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ șȓȣȠȍȕ ȎȈȓțȦȡȐȑșȧ ȋȖȓȖș — ǸȈȝȐȓȤ ȗȓȈȟțȡȈȧ Ȗ
ȌȍȚȧȝ șȊȖȐȝ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȡȈȧ țȚȍȠȐȚȤșȧ ǶȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ Ȋ ǪȐȜ-
ȓȍȍȔȍ ȋȌȍ Ȕȍȟ ǰȘȖȌȈ țȉȐȊȈȓ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȞȍȊ ǴȈȚȤ ǹȓȍȏ ǴȈȚȤ
ǹȓȍȏ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȌȘțȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈș-
ȒȘȣȓ Ȑȝ Ȑ, Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔț ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȦ — ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȈ
ȟȐșȚȍȑȠȍȔ șȓȖȊȈȞȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ
— ǯȊȍȏȌȣ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȝ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȝ Ǿȍ-
ȓȣȑ ȓȐȊȍȕȤ — Ȉ ȊȖȚ ȌȍȔȖȕ ȊȓȈȟȐȚ ȕȈȠț ȏȍȔȓȦ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȍȍ
ȏȈ ȍȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȓȍȚȐȚ ș ȕȍȑ ȓȍȚȐȚ ȓȍȚȐȚ Ƕȕ ȗȖȋȘț-
ȎȈȍȚșȧ ș ȕȍȑ Ȋ ȉȍȓțȦ ȗȍȕț ȉțȠțȦȡȍȋȖ ǴȓȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐ Ȋ
ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ ȊȣȘȊȈȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȑȏ ȖȘȉȐȚ șȖȏȊȍȏȌȐȑ Ȋ ȔțȚ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȝ ȗȓȈȕȍȚ Ȋ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȓȖȗȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ș
ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ șȖȓȕȞ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȊȓȈȟȐȚ ȍȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȗțș-
ȚȖȚț ǹȚȖȕȍȚ ȕȈȠȈ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȔȈȚȤ șȚȖȕȍȚ ș ȖȚȟȈȧȕȤȍȔ Ƕ ȔȈȚȤ
ȒȈȒ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȈ Țȣ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȗȧȚȕȈȕȈ Țȣ ȘȈșȗțȚșȚȊȖȔ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ
Ȏȍ ȎȈȓȤ Ȕȕȍ Țȍȉȧ ǵȍ șțȌȐ ȍȍ ǩȖȋ — ȍșȓȐ Ǻȣ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȠȤ
ǷȘȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ Ȗȕ ȌȐȒȖ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ ȏȈȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ ȇ
șȚȖȧȓ, ȒȈȒ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȣȑ ȅȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȉȘȍȌȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ
ȚȈȒ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȝȖȌȕȖ ș ȔȖȐȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ
ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȈ ȝȖȓȔȍ ǹȍȕ-Dzȓț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ
ȕȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȦșȤ ȓȐ ȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȓțȝȖȊȖȑ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȐ,
ȐȓȐȕȍșȗȓȦȓȐȧȐȕȍșȕȐȚșȧȓȐȔȕȍȖȗȧȚȤȚȖȚȎȍșȖȕȊȐȏ-
ȔȍȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ"
— ǿȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ" Ǻȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ ȍȋȖ" — ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ șȗȘȈ-
ȠȐȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǨȕȈȚȖȓȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȌȖȉȈ-
ȊȐȓ — Ǻȣ ȉȓȍȌȍȕ șȔȖȚȘȐȠȤ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ — ȟȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ"
ǵȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ǨȕȈȚȖȓȧ ȧ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕȖȔț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȗȖ-ȟȍȠșȒȐ
— Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ"
ǪȖȗȘȖș ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ șȔȣșȓȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȑ
șȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ ȥȚȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ ǩȖȓȤȕȖȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȝȔțȘȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ǴȖȑ ȟȍȠșȒȐȑ ȖȒȓȐȒ
ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ țȌȐȊȐȚȤ
ȉȘȍȌȧȡȍȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȋȘȍȏȧȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȎȈȘț
— ǯȕȈȦ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ — ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ
— DzȚȖ Ȏȍ ȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ

— ǺȖȚ ȒȚȖ ȐȌȍȚ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȦ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ
ȅȚȖȚ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȌȘȖ-
ȎȈȓ ǪȍȌȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ — ȘȈȏȊȍ ȧ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤȦ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȒ Ȑ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ"
ǨȕȈȚȖȓȤ ȊȐȌȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȓȟț șȈȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȚȖȚ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȕȍȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
ȖȚȊȍȟȈȚȤ
— ǶșȚȈȊȤȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — șȖȕ
ȒȓȖȕȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ țȚȖȔȓȍȕ ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȧ șȚȘȈ-
ȌȈȦ șȚȘȈȌȈȦ"
ǰ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȊȏȌȖȝ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȋȘțȌȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȚȧȎ-
ȒȐȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȍșȤ
ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ǵȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȓȐ ȧ țȎȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȏȌȖȝ" DzȈȒ ȗȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗ-
ȕȖȔț ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȦ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȋȖ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ șȊȖȐȔ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȔ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ șȊ ȆȓȐȈȕȈ
ȚȈȒ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ DzȈȒ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ș ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ" DzȈȒ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȗȕ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
Ƕȕ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ȌȣȠȈȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘ-
ȌȐȧ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȘȈș-
șȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȐȝȖ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȈ ș ǨȕȈȚȖȓȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȐȌȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȦșȤ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒȈȊ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȔȍȠȈȚȤ ȍȔț șȗȈȚȤ
ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȚȐȜȈ ȥȚȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ — ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ
ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ — ǸȈȕȣ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȐ ȖȔȕȐȉțșȈ ț
ȉȍȌȕȧȋȐ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȌȖȉȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ǵȖ Țȣ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȍȡȍ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ Ȗȕ ȉȘȍȌȐȓ"
ȇ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȥȚȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȗȖȒȖȘȖȟȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȉȘȍȌȐȓ
— Ȑ Ȕȣ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȐșȤ

24
ȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȍ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȧ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȟȕȖ șȊȧȏȈȕ ș ȉȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ
ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ ȧ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȍȡȈȓ
ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ș ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȌȍȓȈȓ
Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ țșȓțȋȐ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȍȕ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈ
ȥȚȐ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍȋȖ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȕȈȔȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȚȐȝȖȑ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȑ
ȗȘȐȧȏȕȐ
ȇ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ Ȉ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȓ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȊȖȐȝ ȎȐȏȕȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȗțȚȍȑ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ șȓȖȊȈȒ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȦ Ȑ ȏȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ
ǬȈȕȐȍȓȤ ǸȖȑȒȖ Ǫ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȟȈ-
șȚȕȣȔ șȓțȎȈȡȐȔ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȒȘțȗȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȜȐȘ-
Ȕȍ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȉȓȐ-
ȎȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈ ȚȖ țȓȣȉ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȕȖ țȓȣȉȒȍ șȖȗțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȓȤȟȍșȒȖȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ
ȋȖȘȤȒȖȍ șȎȈȚȐȍ ȋțȉ
— DzȈȒ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ — ȌȖ-
ȉȐȓșȧ ȧ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǿȚȖ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ
ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȐ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȓȈȕȖȊ ȝȐȔȍȘȕȣȝ șȕȖȊ țȚȖȗȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȝ țșȐȓȐȑ Ȑ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȑ"
— ǺȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȕȈȔȐ — ȋȘțșȚȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǴȐȘ
ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈș
— ǵȍȚ — ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ȕȣ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȍȔ
șȍȉȧ șȈȔȐ Ǵȣ ȐȡȍȔ Ȋ ȓȦȌȧȝ Ȑ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ
șȖȏȌȈȌȐȔ șȈȔȐ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ
ȕȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȟȍȋȖ Ȕȣ ȐșȒȈȓȐ — Ȕȣ ȎȈȓțȍȔșȧ Ȑ
Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȍȔ
— Ǫȣ Ȓ șȍȉȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȚȘȖȋȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ
— ȇ ȚȈȒ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȎȈȓȖȒ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚț ȚȈȒ ȚȐȝȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȍȌȊȈ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ
Ƕȕ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
— DzȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ — ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ, — ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ
Ȗ șȍȉȍ — ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȖ-
ȗȣȚșȚȊȈ — Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ǪȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏ
ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ șȖșȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȊȖȏȔȖȋ-
Ǫ

25
ȓȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ, ȗȘȖȡȈȧșȤ ș ȕȐȔ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȍȔț ȘțȒț ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ǬȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ ț ȕȈș ș ȕȐȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȈ Ȑ ȧ țȎȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȐȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ
Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȟ-
ȕȖȔ șȈȌț ǸȖȑȒȖ șȐȌȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ țȎȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȏȌȖȘȈȊȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ
ȗȖȌ ȚȍȕȤȦ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȚȈȕȈ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȑ șȒȈȔȤȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȔ-
ȕȦ țȎȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȕȈȠȍȑ ȚȖȋȌȈȠȕȍȑ ȉȍșȍȌȖȑ ȊȌȘțȋ
șȚȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ
— ȇ — șȣȕ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈȕȚșȒȖȋȖ ȗȈșȚȖȘȈ Ȑȏ ǺțȘȟȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȖȒ-
ȘțȋȈ ǴȖȍ ȘȈȕȕȍȍ ȌȍȚșȚȊȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȍ Ȉȝ ȚȈȒȖȍ
ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȍ ǴȖȐ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧ Ȑȝ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋșȍ
ȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȉȖȋȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȐ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖ-
șȚȧȔȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȏ șȈȔȖȝȊȈȓȤșȚȊȈ ȚȍȔ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ — țȊȣ — ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ
ȟțȌȍșȕȈȧ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ț ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȈ ȌȍȚȍȑ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȏȘȍȓȖșȚȤȦ ȕȍȗȘȖȗȖȘȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȔ
ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚț ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍȔ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȐȓ Ǩȝ
ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȖȐȔ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȑȌȧ ȌȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȘȈșȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
ȗȘȖȧȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȋșȍ ȖȉȍȡȈȦȡȐȍ ȏȈȌȈȚȒȐ țȗȈȓȐ ȌȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ țȘȖȊȕȧ Ȉ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȧȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȖȚȞț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȎȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ǶȚȍȞ ȔȖȑ ȉȣȓ Ȑȏ ȟȐșȓȈ Țȍȝ ȐȌȐȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȖȊ ȔȐ-
ȕțȊȠȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑ Ȋ ǿȍȝȐȐ ȇ — ȍȋȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȐȚȧ — ȉȣȓ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȖȑ Ȑ Ȗȕ Ȋ
șȊȖȍȔ ȥȒșȚȈȏȍ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȏȈ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȚȤ ȟțȌȍșȈ Ȍȓȧ ȉȍȌȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈȞȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖ-
ȌȈ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȉȓțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȊȍȓȈ ȥȚȈ ȔȖȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ-
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȏȘȍȓȖșȚȤ Ƕȕ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȍȧȓ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ țȔȍ
ȟȈȘțȦȡȐȍ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ ȉțȌȐȓ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ
ȗȘȐȟȐȕȖȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȝ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȑ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑȠȍȑ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ǵȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȌȕȧȒ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȓ Ȑ șȍȉȧ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ȑ — ȝȖȚȤ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ — Ȋȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȔțȟȍȕȐȧ ȔȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȘȍ-
ȉȖȊȈȓ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ șȐȓȍ —

26
Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ
Ȗȕ ȌȍȓȈȓșȧ șțȘȖȊȣȔ ȗȈșȔțȘȕȣȔ ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȔ ȌȈȎȍ șȚȘȖ-
ȋȐȔ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȘȈȕȖ țȔȍȘȠȍȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ǶȕȈ,
ȝȖȚȧ șȈȔȈ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȖȑ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȐȕȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌ șȊȖȦ ȏȈȡȐȚț ș ȍȍ Ȏȍ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȖȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȓȖșȤ ȔȖȍ ȌȍȚșȒȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȑ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȋșȍȑ
ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȗțȚȤ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ Ȍȓȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȑ ȕȐȚȤȦ țȌȘțȟȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȋȖȘȍȟȐ
Ƕȕ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț țȔȖȓȒ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ țșȚȈȓȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȏȈ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǩȣȚȤ ȟȓȍȕȖȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ
șȓȖȊȈȞȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ țȕȐȎȍȕȐȍ — ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊ-
ȕȖ, ȟȚȖ ȘȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȍȔ ȚȧȎȒȐȔ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȍȔ ǰȔȍȚȤ
Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȖȏȔțȡȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ
ȥȚȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȍ ȚțȗȖ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȧȚ șȊȖȦ ȌȖȓȦ — ȘȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ
ȖȚȟȈȧȕȤȍ Ȑȏ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȑ"
ǵȈȌ șȣȕȖȔ șȓȖȊȈȞȒȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ șȚȈȚȤ ȖȚșȚțȗȕȐȒȖȔ ȚȧȋȖȚȍȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ ȌȘȍȊ-
ȕȍȋȖ ȜȈȚțȔȈ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȗȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ
ȗȖȓȣȕȤ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȒțșȒȍ ȧȌ — Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȒȈȗȓȍ ȊȖȌȣ ǭșȓȐ Ȋ
ȕȍȔ ȍșȚȤ șȐȓȈ ȚȐȚȈȕȈ Ȑ ȉȍȏȔȍȘȕȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȍțȝ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȘȍȌ-
șȚȊȖȔ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ Ȑ ȊȖȏȔțȡȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏ-
ȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȐ ȌȖ ȕȍȉȍș ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤ ȌȈșȚ ȍȔț ȒȘȣ-
ȓȤȧ Ȉ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ǻ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȥȚȖȑ șȐȓȣ ȧ ȐȔȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ǰ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȚȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ
ȥȚȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȕȈȊȐ-
șȚȐ Ȓ ȊȘȈȋȈȔ ȟȍȔ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȕȈȘȖȌț ȧ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȖȓȤ--
Ƞȍ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ ȟȍȔ șȊȖȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ
ǪȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖșȓȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȐȝ șȚȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȓȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȎȍ
ȗȖșȚȈȘȍȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȎȐȊ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȈ ȟțȎȉȐȕȍ ȧ
ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȓȐ ȔȖȐ ȌȍȚ-
șȒȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȟȍȔ șȊȖȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ — ȧ țȎȍ șȈȔ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ȚȖȑ ȔȕȐȔȖȑ
ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȐȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȈȝ — ȚȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȟțȎȌȖ ȚȈȒ
ȌȈȓȍȒȖ — ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ
ȗȖȋȈșȕȍȚ — ȚȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ ȗȈȓȧȡȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȈȌ
ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȚțȘȈȕșȒȖȔț ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ȔȈȌȤȧȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȚ-

27
ȕȧȓȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȖȌȐȕț șȊȖȉȖȌț ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȗȖȒȖȑ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȔ Ȑ șȊȧȚȣȔ
ȅȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȌȐȒȈȧ ȋȕțșȕȈȧ ȖȘȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐȔȍșȐ
șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȘțȔȣȕșȒȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȈ ȉȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȍȊȘȖ-
ȗȍȑșȒȖȑ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ țȚȘȈȚȐȓȈ ȕȐ ȒȈȗȓȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȈȏȐȈȚșȒȖȑ
ȝȐȚȘȖșȚȐ — Ȑ ȥȚȐȔ ȍȑ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȤ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ǶȕȈ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȊȓȈșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ șȐȓȍ Ȉ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊț ǵțȎȕȖ șȚȣ-
ȌȐȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȈȘȐȑșȒțȦ ǭȊȘȖȗț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȥȚȐȔ ȚțȘȈȕ-
șȒȐȔ ȜȐȋȓȧȘȈȔ ȚȈȒ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ǵȖ ȈȘȐȑșȒȈȧ ǭȊȘȖȗȈ ȌȖ
ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȖȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖ ȓȐȠȐȓȈșȤ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȈȘȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȐȌȍȈȓȐȏȔȈ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌșȚȊȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȧȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȐȌȖȓț ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȔȈȔȖ-
ȕȖȑ țșȗȍȝț Ǩ ȥȚȐ ȚțȘȈȕȞȣ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȓȐ țșȗȍȝȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȌșȚț-
ȗȖȔ ȖȉȔȈȕȖȔ ȐȕȚȘȐȋȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȓȐȉȖ ȘȣȞȈȘ-
șȒȐȔ ȗȘȐȍȔȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȋȍȘȖȑșȒȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȖȑ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȕȐ țȉȍȎ-
ȌȈȦȚ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ǹȓȈȊȧȕȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȣȍ ȊȍȓȐ Ȑȕȣȍ
ȉȖȐ — Ȉ ȒȈȒțȦ ȐȔ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȖ ȥȚȖ" ǶȕȐ ȕȍ țȔȍȓȐ ȐȕȚ-
ȘȐȋȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȌȊȖȘȈȝ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȑ Ȑ ǭȊȘȖȗȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȗȉ
Ȑȝ ȋȍȘȖȑșȚȊȈȝ ȖȕȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȦȚ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍ-
ȓȐ țșȗȍȝȈ
Ǩȝ ȥȚȈ ǭȊȘȖȗȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȕȐ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȦ ȕȐ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ ȕȐ
ǰȚȈȓȐȦ ȕȐ ǸȖșșȐȦ ǰȏ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ ȧ țȊȈȎȈȦ ȔȖ-

28
ȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȌȕț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǵȖȘȊȍȋȐȦ ȅȚȈ ȕȈȠȈ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȧȧ ǿȍ-
ȝȐȧ ǵȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȐ ȇ
ȏȕȈȦ ȊȈȠȐȝ șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ șȗȖ-
șȖȉȕȣ ț ȕȈș Ǩȝ ȥȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ǫȘțșȚȕȖȍ ȗȖȐșȚȐȕȍ ȧȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ
ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȗȣȓȈȓȐ ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț șȖșȟȐȚȈȓ
ȗțȓȤș
— ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȊȖȖȌțȠȍȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȍȔț.
— Ǫȣ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȣ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȊȈș șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȕȍ
țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȍșȤ
— ǬȈ ȌȈ — țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ — ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ǬȍȓȖ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ
ȔȖȍȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ" DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ șȖȒȘȖȊȐ-
ȡȍ ǵț ȚȈȒ ȧ ȉțȌț șȗȖȒȖȍȕ ǰ ȏȈȟȍȔ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȧ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ" Ǩȝ ȌȈ ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊȈȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ șȍȉȍ
ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ
ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȓțȟȠȍȔ ǬȈ ȊȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȔ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȉȓȐȎ-
ȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȘȈȏȊȓȍ-
ȒȈȚȤșȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔȐ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǰȚȈȒ — ȊȖȚ ȔȖȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ.
ǵȍ ȉȖȑȚȍșȤ ȧ șȒȖȘȖ șȗȘȈȊȓȦșȤ ș ȕȍȑ ȝȖȚȧ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȕȈȗȐ-
șȈȚȤ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȚȖȔȖȊ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋ ȉȣȚȤ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȕȖȊȣȑ *LO %ODV
Gil Blas* — ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȒȚȖ ȗȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȔț șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȦ ȐȓȐ
ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȍȚ ȘȖȌȐ-
Ȕȣȑ țȋȖȓ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȋȖȕȐ ȏȈ ȐȕȣȔ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȟȍȔ ȕȈȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȒȈ ȕȈ ȒțșȖȒ ȝȓȍȉȈ
ǰȚȈȒ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖșȓȈȓȐ Ȋ ȠȒȖȓț ȋȌȍ țșȗȍȝȖȊ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓ
ǪȐȕȖȦ ȥȚȖȔț ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȣȝ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ
ȌȘțȋȐȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȕȐȝ țȟȐȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ Ȑ ș ȓțȟȠȐȔ ȟȍȔ ȧ Șȍ-
ȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȔ ȇ ȐȔȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȒ ȒȖȘȍ-
ȕȧȡȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȚ-
ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȔȍȟȚȈȕȐȑ ǰ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ǿȈșȚȖ șȓțȟȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȍșȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȗȓȖșȒȐȝ
ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȍȑ țșȓȖȊȐȑ ȓȎȐȊȖșȚȐ ȗȖȌȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȖȚșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȑ
* ɀɢɥɶ Ȼɥɚɫ — ɝɟɪɨɣ ɩɥɭɬɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ Ⱥ Ʌɟɫɚɠɚ ©ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɀɢɥɶ
Ȼɥɚɫɚ ɢɡ ɋɚɧɬɢɥɶɹɧɵª -1735).

ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȈș ȍșȚȤ ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ —
șȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȔȣȝ ȉȈ-
ȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȕȍȕțȎ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȟȍȔ ȓȦȌȐ ȋȖȕȧȚșȧ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȟȍȋȖ ȋȘȣȏțȚșȧ ȒȈȒ
șȖȉȈȒȐ ȏȈ ȒȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȔȕȖȦ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȓȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ
ȧ ș ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȓ ȉȣ șȍȉȧ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ
țȉȍȎȈȓ ȒțȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȋȌȍ ȕȍȚ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ
ǭȡȍ Ȋ șȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȠȒȖȓȍ ȧ ȐȏțȔȓȧȓ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȟțȌȈȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ țȗȘȧȔșȚȊȖ ȇ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȌȖȉȘȖșȖȊȍșȚȕȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕȈȔ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ș ȕȈȔȍ-
ȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ șȌȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ
țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȈȌȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȈȒȈȓȈȊȘȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖ-ȐȕȒȊȐȏȐ-
ȚȖȘșȒȐ șȖ șȔȍȠȕȖ-șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔȐ ȔȐȕȈȔȐ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȏȈȋȕȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȓȖȊțȠȒț — Ȕȕȍ ȊȌȘțȋ șȚȈȕȖȊȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȊșȧȒȈȧ ȕȈțȒȈ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȠȓȈ ȘȍȟȤ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȓ ȋȕȍȊ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ ȉțȌȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȐșșȖȝȠȐȍ ȌțȠȐ ȗȘȖȜȈȕȐȘțȦȚ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ
Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕțȚșȧ ǫȖȔȍȘ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȌȐȘȈȦ-
ȡȍȋȖșȧ Ȓ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȗȍȌȈȕȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȗ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȕȐȒȈ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȘȖȏȣ Ȋ ȓȈ-
ȗȈȝ ȖȡțȗȣȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȍȍ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȣ ǰșȚȖȘȐȧ ȕȈȉȐȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȕȈȠȐ
ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȗȖȓțȔȍȘȚȊȣȔȐ ȈȕȍȒȌȖȚȈȔȐ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȓȈ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚ-
ȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȐȏȌȈȊȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȌȖ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȌțȠȐ ȊȖȏȔț-
ȡȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȔȖȍ ȘȈșȗȍȊȈȧ ȋȐȔȕȣ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ ȥȓȓȐȕșȒȐȝ
ȋȍȘȖȍȊ șȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ș ȗȍȘșȐȌșȒȐȔȐ ȕȈȍȏȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȧȋȖȚȈȝ șȓȖȊȈȞȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȊȖșȝȊȈȓȧȧ
ȘȐȔșȒțȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ șȊȖȉȖȌȍ Ȑ ȒȈȘȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȉțȕȚ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȕȈȠȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ
ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖ-
ȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȗȖȓțȌȍȚșȒȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ

30
ȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ șȒȈ-
ȎȍȔ ȕȈ ȓțȟ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȑ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȦ-
ȡȐȑ Ȑȏ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ Ȋ șȒțȟȕțȦ ȚȍșȕțȦ
ȠȒȖȓȤȕțȦ ȏȈȓț șȓțȠȈȓ ȡȍȉȍȚȈȕȤȍ ȊȖȘȖȉȤȍȊ ȕȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ — Ȑ
țȔ ȔȖȑ șȘȈȏț ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓșȧ ȔȍȟȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȖȑ Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȍșȕȖȑ
ȚȦȘȤȔȍ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȈ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȏȋț-
ȟȈȧ ȎȈȎȌȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȈ ǹȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȓțȟ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋȣ-
ȒȖȓȌȖȊȣȊȈȓ ȗȘȍȌ ȔȖȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȉȍȏȉȘȍȎȕȣȑ ȒȘȈȑ,
ȋȌȍ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȓȐșȤ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ șȚȘțȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȌȣ ȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ-
ȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȐȓ DzȈȒȖȍ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖ Ȋșȍȑ
ȥȚȖȑ ȓȎȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȊȒȖȓȈȟȐȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȕȈș ȌȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȗțȚ Ȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ
șȊȖȉȖȌȣ" Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȚȘȖȍȊ
Ȑ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȐȑ — ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ șȊȖȧ ȌțȠȈ Ȑ șȊȖȑ ǩȖȋ DzȈȒ
Ȏȍ ȉȍȏțȔȍȕ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȓ ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȧȓșȧ ȥȚȖȔț ȧȘȔț
ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍȚ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȈ ȠțȔȕȣȔȐ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȈ-
ȔȐ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ ȋȌȍ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȎȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊțȚ
ȗȚȐȞȣ ȚȈȒ șȊȧȚȖ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ" Ƕ țȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȚțȌȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ-ȌȈ-
ȓȍȒȖ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ Ȑȏ ȊșȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
șȓȣȠȈȓ — ȕȍ ȉȘȈȚȤ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ Țȍȝ șȓȖȊ ǭȊȈȕ-
ȋȍȓȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȘȍȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȌțȠț Ȑ ȒȘȖȔȍ Țȍȝ șȚȈȘȣȝ
ȗȍșȍȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ șȔȍȘȚȕȖȔ țȌȘțȟȍȕȐȐ ȕȈȠ șȓȖȊȈȞ-
ȒȐȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȗȖȍȚ Ȋ ȋȖȘȈȝ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑ-
ȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ Ȕȕȍ Ȉ ȊȍȌȤ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȈșȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ǬȘțȋȐȍ
ȗțșȚȤ ȎȐȊțȚ ȒȈȒ ȐȔ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ
ǺȈȒ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ ȧ Ȋ ȌțȠȕȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȏȈȓȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ Ȑȝ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȘȐȞȈȓȐ — ȕȈ ȔȖȐȝ țșȚȈȝ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ
ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȖȊȖȌȐȓ Ȑȝ ȌȖ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȈ
ǪȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȧ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȠȒȖȓȍ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ Ȑȏ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ" Ǩ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȉȍȋșȚȊȈ ȕȈ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȖșȚȘȖ-
ȊȈ ȧ Ȋ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓ Ȑ ȕȈȝȔțȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓ-
șȧ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȓ ȖȚȞț ș șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȐȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȕȐȔ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȣȑ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȑ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ
țȗȘȍȒȐ Ȑ — ȐȕȖȋȌȈ — ȉțȘȕȣȍ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȍȕȐȧ
Ǩȝ ș ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȓȍȚ ȧ ȗȍȟȈȓȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǹȖ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȍȔ ȧ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ șȚȈȌȐȦ ȔȍȓȒȐȝ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ Șȍ-
ȓȐȋȐȐ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȧ țșȍȘȌȕȖ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ș ȖȚȞȖȔ
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȍ ȚȧȎȒȐȍ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ, ȕȈ-
Ǻ

31
ȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȟȕȖ ȉȘȍȌȐȚȤ Ǫ șȗȖȘȈȝ ș ȖȚȞȖȔ
șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȌȍȓȖ ȠȓȖ Ȗ ȕȈȗȈȌȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȈȕȐȧ ș ȒȈ-
ȒȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȔȈȓȍȑȠțȦ ȈȚȈȒț ȕȈ șȊȖȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ
 ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȗ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ Ȓ ȚȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȐȔȍȧ șȐȓț Ȑ ȊȓȐȧ-
ȕȐȍ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȦȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȐȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ Ȑ ȖșȕȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȕȈȗȈȌȒȐ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȍ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȧ ȖȠȍȓȖȔȐȓ ȖȚȞȈ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ
ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦ ȕȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ǩȖȋȈ
ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȧ ȎȈȓȍȦ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȖȗȍȟȈȓȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȚȖ-
ȋȌȈ Dz ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȦ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊșȗȣȓȤȟȐȊȣȑ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȐȓ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȐȑ șȓȍȌ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ ȏȈȉȓțȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȐ Ȗȕ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȚȘȖȕțȓ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȒȘȣȓ ȉȣ
șȊȖȍ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȉȣ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȔȧȋȖȒ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ
ȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ țȗȖȘȕȣȑ Ȑ ȉțȘȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ dzȦȌȐ ȚȈȒ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȔȖȋțȚ
ȊȏȈȐȔȕȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȉȣ ȟȚȖ
ȒȈȎțȡȈȧșȧ ȕȍȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȔȖȑ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈȔȐ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ
ȏȐȧȍȚ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȅȚȖȚ
ȔȖȑ ȈȚȍȐȏȔ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȗȖ-ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐ ȖȓȐȞȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ǩȖȋȈ
ǵȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȉȍșȍȌ ȏȈȕȧȓȐ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȞȍȕȣ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȌȕȈ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȉțȘȕȈȧ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ ȚȍȔ
ȟȚȖ ȖȚȍȞ ȊȣȋȕȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ — ș ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȍȔ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȗȖȟȚȐ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ țȊȓȈȎȕȐȓȐșȤ
— ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ — ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǬȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȔ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ ǫȘțșȚȤ ȔȖȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȏȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȧ ȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȕȈ
ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȇ ȏȕȈȓ — Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ țȉȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌțȠȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȏȓȖȔȈȕȈ Ȉ Ȋșȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ — ȗȖȓț-
țȔȍȘȠȍȍ Ǩ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȑ ȋȘȍȝ" Ǫ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȌțȔȈȓ
— ǰ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȐȘȐȓȐșȤ" — țȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǵȍȚ — ȚȐȝȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȣȋȕȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ
țȠȍȓ ǷȐșȈȓ ȍȔț — Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȌ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȠȓȈ
ȊȍșȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȔȍȘ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȤȍ

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— ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ — ș șȖșȚȘȈȌȈȕȤȍȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖȕȈȓ ȧ
ǭȋȖ ȋțȉȣ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȕR Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȈ
— ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȍȞ ȕȍ ȖȉȌȍȓȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȜȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖ — ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȕȧȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍȋȖ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȍȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȧ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚȣ Ȉ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȌ ș ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓ
ȊȣȗȓȈȟȍȕ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȍȞ ǵȖ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȌȖȓȎȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȖȚȞȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȋ-
ȘȣȏȍȕȐȧ șȖȊȍșȚȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȔȖȍ ȊȖȏȔțȡȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȚȖȋȖ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȖșȚȈȊȠȍȍșȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ ǵȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȕțȎȌȍ ȌȈ Ȑ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȋ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȍȌȤ
ȕȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȐȓȈ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȧ ȗȍȘȍșȐȓȐȓ
șȊȖȦ ȡȍȗȍȚȐȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ
ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȊȏȋȓȧȕȍȔ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȋȘȖȏȧȡȍȑ ȕțȎȌȍ
ǿȚȖ ȧ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȕțȎȌȍ — ȊȈș ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ țȌȐȊȓȧȚȤ
ǰȏ ȊșȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȋȣ țȎȍ șȈȔȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȊȣȊȍșȚȐ
ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȤȦ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣȚȍȘȗȍȓ ȧ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȐȧ Ȑȏ ȖȚ-
ȞȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ — Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ Ȉ ȊȈȔ
șȓțȠȈȚȤ Ǫȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ șȈȔȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ șȍȉȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȏȕȈȕȐȑ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȝ,
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǺȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ-
Ȏȍ ǩȣȓȖ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȖȌȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȓ șȞȍȕȐȟȍșȒȖȔț ȐșȒțșșȚȊț ǰ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȠȐȉȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ ȒȍȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ șȓȖȊȈȒȖȔ — ȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȕȈȑȚȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȧș-
ȕțȦ ȞȍȓȤ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȕȍ țȎȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ
Ȋșȍ-Ȋșȍ Ȋșȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȈȝ ȔțșȖȘȍ Ȑ
ȖȉȓȖȔȒȈȝ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șȓȖȊȈȞȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ȕȍ șțȡȍ-
șȚȊțȍȚ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ ȥȚȈ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȞȍȓȤ ȇ ȖȗȧȚȤ
șȚțȒȕțȓșȧ ȓȉȖȔ Ȗ ȎȍȓȍȏȕțȦ ȘȍȠȍȚȒț ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȗȘȐȚȍșȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȕȍȓȤȏȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȗ ȚȊȍȘȌțȦ,
ȒȈȒ șȒȈȓȈ, șȚȍȕț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȖȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ

33
ǰȏ ȟțȎȐȝ ȧȏȣȒȖȊ ȧ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ Ȋ ȕȈș
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȒȖȓȈȟȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȍȔȍȚȟȐȕț ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȚțȘȈȕșȒȐȑ ȌȐȈ-
ȓȍȒȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȈș ȔțȟȈȦȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǵȖ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȗȖ-ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐ Ȕȕȍ
ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȧ ȖȚ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȍ ǷȖșȓȍ
ȌȖȓȋȖȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȧ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȍ-
ȝȈȓ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȗȖ-
ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐ ȕȖ ș ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ șȞȍȕȣ ȈȒȞȍȕȚȖȔ
©ǮȈȓȤ ȊȈș — șȒȈȏȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ — ȖȟȍȕȤ ȎȈȓȤ ȕȖ Ȋȣ Ȋȣ-
ȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȉȣ șȔȍȝª Ǩ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȚȤ șȔȍȝ — ȥȚȖ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ șȈȔȈȧ
ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȈȧ țȟȈșȚȤ Ǵȍȕȧ țȚȍȠȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȖ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȍȔ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȍ ȇ țȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȥȚț
ȕȈȌȍȎȌț ǷȖșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȉȘȖȌȧȟțȦ ȚȘțȗȗț ǰ ȚȈȔ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ țȎȈșȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȍȏȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȔȍȟȚȈȕȐȑ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȑ ȚȈȑȕȣȑ
ȚȍȈȚȘȐȒ ȕȖ Ȑ ȚȈȔ Ȕȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȔȣȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȘȖȓȐ ǸȈȏȊȐȚȐȍ ȗȘȐ ȚȈȒȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
ȇ țȗȖȘȕȖ ȉȖȘȖȓșȧ ȕȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ Ȑȏ-
ȔțȟȐȓȐ ȥȚȐ ȉȍșȗȓȖȌȕȣȍ țșȐȓȐȧ ȔȕȖȦ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȓ ȏȈȒțȓȐșȕȣȔ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȔ Ȓ ȥȚȐȔ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȧ
ȓȦȌȧȔ Ȑ ȧ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȍȟȤȦ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȣȝ ȋȘȍȏ ȉȍȏ Ȋȍ-
Șȣ țȎȍ Ȋ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȔțȟȐȔȣȑ Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȚȈȑȕȣȔ
țȗȘȍȒȖȔ ȖȚșȚțȗȕȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȏ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȧ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ
ȘȖȌȐȕȣ țȉȍȎȈȓ — ȥȚȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ — ȊȖ
ǼȘȈȕȞȐȦ
Ƕ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ǹțȌȤȉȈ
ȠȊȣȘȧȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ Ȕȧȟ Ȑ ȧ ș ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍȔ ȌȖȉȐȊȈȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȒțșȒȈ ȝȓȍȉȈ ǴȐȕțȚȈȔȐ ȧ Ȟȍȗȓȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ
Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ ȚȖȕțȓ ȇ ȗȍȘȍȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ
ȎȐȓ ȚȈȔ ȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ țȔȐȘȈȓ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ ǶȚȚțȌȈ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȍ ȏȈȕȍșȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ Ȋ ǴȍȒșȐ-
Ȓț ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ șȦȌȈ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȋ
ȒȈȒȖȔ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ șȍȑȟȈș
ǰ ȊȍșȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉȍșȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȓ-
ȕȧȓȐ ȖȌȕȐ țȚȖȗȐȐ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȧ ȋȕȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȘȊȈȓ-
șȧ — țȊȣ — ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ǵȖ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȡȍ ȧ ȊȖȏȔțȡȈȦșȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊ ȕȐȝ — Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȓȦȉȓȦ Ȑȝ ǻȚȖȗȐȐ ǷȖȟȍȔț țȚȖȗȐȐ" Ǫșȍ
ȔȖȐ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȓȈȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣ Ȑ șȗȖ-

34
șȖȉȕȣ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȘțȠȐȓȐșȤ ȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ Ȋ ȘȈșȟȍȚ ȓȦȌșȒȖȑ ȏȓȖȉȣ ȏȈȊȐșȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐȧȏȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȧ ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȧ ȓȐȟȕȈȧ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ
Ȑ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȣ ǷȘȍȎ-
Ȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȐșȒțșșȚȊț ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȎȈȎȌȈ șȓȈȊȣ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȔȍȟȚȣ Ȗ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȍ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȔ ǽȐȔȍȘȣ Ȑ ȖȉȖȓȤ-
ȡȍȕȐȧ ǴțșȖȘ ȘȈșȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȋȘȍȏ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓ ȊșȦ ȔȖȦ ȌțȠț
Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ Ȑȏ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉȍșȗȓȖȌȕțȦ ȗțșȚȣȕȦ ǵȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȍȚ,
ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȧ ȊȐȕȈ Ȗ ȚȈ ȔȖȧ ȊȐȕȈ ȚȈ ȔȖȧ ȊȐȕȈ
Ƕȕ șȘȈȏț țȔȖȓȒ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ țȗȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȋșȍ
ȚȍȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȍ-
ȟȈȓȤȕȣ Ǵȣ ȖȉȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ȇ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȠȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȉțȌȚȖ ȧ Ȑȏ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ ȝȖȟț
ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȏȕȈȚȤ Ȗ ȊȐȕȍ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȔȧȕțȓ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȐșȒ-
Șȍȕȕȍȑ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȗȈȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȕȖȚȖȑ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ
ǸȖȑȒȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȓțȎȌȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȌȍȘȍ-
ȊȤȧȔ ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȕȍșȓȖșȤ ȊȍșȍȓȖȍ ȡȍȉȍȚȈȕȤȍ ȗȚȐȞ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ Ȋșȍ — ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
Ȗȕ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȉțȘȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țȚȐȝȓȈ — Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ Ȋșȍ
Ȋ ȖȉȡȐȝ ȟȍȘȚȈȝ ǵȈ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȉȣ ȞȍȓȖȑ
ȒȕȐȋȐ ǿȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ ȧ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȟțȎȌȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ
ǿȍȔ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣȓ Ȑ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ǬȈȎȍ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȒȈȔȍȘ-
ȌȐȕȍȘȈ ț ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȈ ȅȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȑ ȊșȓȍȌ-
șȚȊȐȍ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ
ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȧ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋ Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȦ ȧ ȍșȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȊȈȔ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ
Ȋ ȓȐȊȘȍȍ ȧ — ȗȘȐȊȍȘȎȍȕȍȞ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȎȈȎȌțȡȐȑ șȖȒȘțȠȈȚȤ
ȗțȚȐ șȊȖȐ Ȑ ȟțȎȐȍ ǿȚȖ ȏȈ șȒȈȟȖȒ — ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȍȚȍ Ȋȣ,
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ — ș ȗȖȌȕȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐ ȈȘȚȐșȚȈ ȗȣ-
ȓȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȎȈȎȌȖȑ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ șȓȈȊȣ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋ ȓȈ-
ȒȍȑșȚȊȖ ǰ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȍșșȗȖȘȕȖ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ ȕȖ —
ȟȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ Ȋșȍ — ȒȈȒȖȍ Ȕȕȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȇ ȘȈșșȚȈȓ-
șȧ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȉȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȒȖ
Ȕȕȍ șȗȐȕȖȑ
DzȈȒ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȑ UDWp Ȑ GHFODVVH* ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȧ ȗȘȐ-
* ɇɟɭɞɚɱɧɢɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɧɢɡɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɮɪ.).

ȕȈȌȓȍȎț Ȓ șȈȔȣȔ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧȔ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȍȑ ȞȐȊȐȓȐ-
ȏȈȞȐȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȓȍȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȧ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒ-
ȚȐȊȕȖ ȟțȧȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȖȍ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȗȈȋțȉȕȖȍ ǷȖȊȍȘȐȚȍ ȓȐ
Ȋȣ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȧȍȚ țȎȍ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȐ" ȇ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȈȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ șȖșȚȖȦ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ șȓțȎȈȡȐȔ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȏȈȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ
ȇ ȕȍ țȔȐȘȈȦ ȕȐ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ ȕȐ ȖȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȎț Ȋ ȓȖȝ-
ȔȖȚȤȧȝ ǺȣșȧȟȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȓțȟȠȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȤȏțȦȚșȧ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȗȖȓțȟȐȍȔ ȇ ȔȖȋț țȔȍȘȍȚȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖ ǿȍȋȖ Ȏȍ
Ȕȕȍ ȍȡȍ ȎȍȓȈȚȤ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȟȚȖ șȒȖȘȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ
ǵȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȈȔȣȔ ȗȖșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȊȈȠț ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞț
ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȔ ǽȖȚȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȍȏ-
ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȈ ȧ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐ ȐșȒȈȓ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȐȧ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ
ȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȏȈȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ȋȌȍ ȧ șȓțȎț ȈȌȘȍș ȊȘȈȟȈ ȗȖ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ
ȖȗȍȒȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȕȈȠ ȗȍȘșȖȕȈȓ ǷȖ ȗțȚȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖșȚȐȋȓȖ
șȒȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȖȔȕȐȉțșȖȔ
Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȕȖȊȈ ȌȘȖȎȈȚȤ
Ȋ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȍ
— ǪȈȔ ȝțȎȍ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ — Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȌȖȓȋȖ țșȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȐȓȐșȤ ȇ țȗȘȍȒȈȦ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȍ-
ȌțȗȘȍȌȐȓ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ ȧ ȗȖȊȍȌț ȊȈș ȊȈȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȓȍȟȤ Ȋ
ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ǹȖȕ țȒȘȍȗȐȚ ȊȈș
Ƕȕ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȖ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ șȍȉȧ

36
ȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȗȕ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ
șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞț Ǵȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉȣȓȐ țȎȍ
ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȔȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓșȧ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ ț șȊ ȆȓȐȈȕȈ ȟȚȖ Ƞȍȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȖȔȐȟȕȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ȕȐȔ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȊȈș ȚȈȒ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ" — țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ
— ǻȎȍ ȖȌȕȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȎȐȊȍȚȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ
Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ
ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ
— ȅȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȍȋȒȖ — ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
— ȇ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ
ȊȣȑȌț Ȑȏ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȣ Ȑ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ ǽȖ-
Țȧ Ȋȣ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȚȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ șȊȍȘȝȖȉȣ-
ȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȇ șȈȔ ȍȌȊȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȕȖ ȏȕȈȦ șȊȖȐȝ ȉȓȐ-
ȎȈȑȠȐȝ șȖșȍȌȍȑ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȍșȚȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȈȒ
Ȑ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȍȕ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȣ ȌȖ-
șȚȐȋȕȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ
ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȖȚ ȕȈș" ǪȍȌȤ Ȕȣ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȐȝ șȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȍȏ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȖȊ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȖȉȔȈ-
ȕȖȊ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȐȧ Ȓ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ©ȧª ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȚȈȔ ȕȐ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȘȈȌȐ ȔȖȐȝ șȖșȍȌȍȑ
— ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ, ȧ ȗȘȐȌț ȘȈȌȐ ȊȈș — ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȧ — Ȑ ȘȈȌȐ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȕȖ
Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ șȚȖȑȒȐȔ
Ǵȣ ȗȖȎȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ
ǹȗțșȚȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ
Ȓ ȌȖȔț ©ȗȖȌ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ ǸȖȑȒȖ
Ǫșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ Ȍț-
Ƞȍ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕțȦ
ȋȘțșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȍȏ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍȔ ȊșȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ Ƕȕ șȈȔ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȗȖȓț-
țȚȖȕțȊȠȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȔ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȔ Ȗ șȒȈȓȣ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ƕȕ
ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔ
țȌȐȊȓȧȓșȧ ǰ ȚȈȒ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ
Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȏȕȈȓ Ȉ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȖșȕȖȊȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
ǿ

37
Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȋȓțȉȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
Ȗȕ șȒȘȣȊȈȓ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȓȍȒȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȌȘȖ-
ȎȈȓȈ șȚȘțȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȍȔț ǷȖȌ ȉȈȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȕȍȠ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȚȘȍȏȊȖȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȧ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȣȍ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
șȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ǩȣȓ ȓȐ ǸȖȑȒȖ Ȑȏ ȟȐșȓȈ ȗȖ-
șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ" Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȍș-
ȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ, ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȖȚȌȈ-
ȓȍȕȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǷȖȒȈȎȍȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȍȉȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȒȈȒȖȊ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȌȈșȚ ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȗȖȘȖȋț ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ
ȗȘȍȌȊȍȟȕȣȝ ș ȊȐȌț ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȐȝ ȕȖ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȊȍȟȕȖ
ȎȐȊțȡȐȝ ȔȐșȚȍȘȐȑ"
ǹ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȍșșȐȔȐȏȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȓ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ șȖȏȌȈȓ Ȗ ȕȍȔ DzȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ
ȉȓȐȏȖȒ Ȓ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ ȚȖȚ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȗȍșșȐȔȐșȚȖȔ
ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȍȔȕȣȔ ȚȖȚ ȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕȍȚ șȊȍȚ Ƿȍș-
șȐȔȐȏȔ ȍșȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȋȕȍȚȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȏȕȈȍȔ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȉȓȐȏ-
ȒȐȝ ȕȈȔ Ȋȍȡȍȑ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȍȡȍ ȧșȕȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȏȈ
ȗȘȍȝȖȌȧȡȐȔȐ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ ȅȚȖ
— ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȕȈȧ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ
ǸȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȧ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ ǨȊ-
ȋțșȚȐȕȖȊ ǻȎȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȍȓȖ Ǫ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȖȓțșțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ǷȈȘȐȎ ȊȍșȤ
ȋȖȓțȉȍȓ Ȑ Ȗșȓȍȗȓȧȓ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȕȖșȚȤȦ șȊȖȐȝ
avenueV ȗȖȓȕȣȝ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȠțȔȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȠȗȈ-
ȓȍȘ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȘȈșȞȊȍȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ǨȕȚȐȒȊȈȘȐȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț țȎȍ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ șțȕȌțȒȐ șȊȖȐ
șȚȈȘȣȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ ǻ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȈȓȦșȚȘȈȌ ȖȚȒțȌȈ țȉȐ-
ȘȈȓȐ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ǸȖȑȒȖ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȖȗȍȘȠȐșȤ Ȗ ȉȈ-
ȓȦșȚȘȈȌț ȕȖ ȕȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȘȍȒț ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȕȖȊȈȓȐ șțȌȈ
Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȒȖȔ ș ȒȈȘȚȐȕȖȑ ȋȐȋȈȕȚȈ-ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȍȍ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȈȝȇ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȔȈȝȈȓ Ƞȓȧ-
ȗȖȑ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǭȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȌȍ-

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ȘȍȊȍȕȍȓȖ-ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȔ Ȗȕ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖ-
ȒȖȔ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒȍ ȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ Ȋ șȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȕȖ
ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȋȖȘȧ-
ȟȍȟȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ǬȈȎȍ Ȋ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȘȐȏȐșȈ ȧ
ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ
ȇ țȎȍ ȔȐȕțȚț șȚȖȧȓ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȏȈȋȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȊȈȓ ș ȕȐȔ ȚȘȧș ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȕȐ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȕȐ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȈ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț
ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȚȍȓȈ Ȑ
ȌțȝȈ dzȐȞȖ ȖȎȐȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȡȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȔȣșȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ǩȖȋ ȏȕȈȓ — ȋȌȍ ǵȈ ȔȖȐ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ
ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȏȈȘȈȏȐȓșȧ
ȍȋȖ ȥȒșȚȈȏȖȔ Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȕȈțȌȈȟț ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȖȊ ǷȘȖ-
ȠȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖȒȈ Ȕȣ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ șȖ ȏȌȘȈȊȣȔ ȘȈșșțȌȒȖȔ
— ȇ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ƞȍȓ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȚȤ ȊȈș — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȟȐȚȈȚȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
— ǺȈȒ ȗȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ ȗȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ ȚȖȕȖȔ Ȗȉȣȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖșȚȐ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȊșȍȌ-
ȕȍȊȕȖȔț ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖȔț ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȦ
— ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ — ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ ȧ — ǭșȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ șȖȉȐ-
ȘȈȍȚȍșȤ ȒțȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȉȣ
ȊȈș Ȉ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȕȈȋȘȧȕțȓ ȉȣ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖșȓȍ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ — țȊȍȘȧȓ Ȗȕ — ȧ ȕȐȒțȌȈ ȕȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȧ
ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȐȌȚȐ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȌȖȔȖȑ DzȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ.
— DzȚȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ" — ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
Ƕȕ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— Ǫȣ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
Ȗȕ ȗȖȚȖȔ — ǬȈ Ȋȣ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȔȍȚȍ Ǫȣ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȉȣ
Ȕȕȍ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȇ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȣ Ǫȣ — țȟȍȕȣȑ șȚȖȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȈȝ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ — ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȧ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȥȚț ȐșȚȍȘȚțȦ ȜȘȈȏț" —
Ȉ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȣȍ
țșȗȍȝȐ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ șțȔȈșȠȍșȚȊȐȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȖȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȐȓȐ
ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ

39
Ƕȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȋȖȘȍȟȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȕȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȉȐȌȕȖȋȖ
—ǨȟȚȖ —șȒȈȏȈȓȧșțȓȣȉȒȖȑ —ȈȟȚȖȍșȓȐȉȣȧ
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ șȓȍȗȖ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖ
ȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȔȖȧ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖ
ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȚȤșȧ"
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋȣ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ" —
șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖȎȍ ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȑ ȟȚȖ
Ȕȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȖ ȧ Ȗȡț-
ȚȐȓ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȊȠțȦ ȗȖ Țȍȓț ȓȍȋȒțȦ ȌȘȖȎȤ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȐȓȐ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ
ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ Ȑ țȓȣȉȒȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȉț-
ȌȐȓȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȔȣșȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ș ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ șȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȕȈȌ
ȐȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȘȔȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȏȌȘȈȊȖȋȖ ȘȈșșțȌȒȈ ȖȗȘȍ-
ȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȓȍȋȒȖ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȕȣ ȠȓȐ ȔȖȓȟȈ
— ǪȈș țȎȍ țȗȘȍȒȕțȓ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ șțȔȈșȠȍșȚȊȐȐ" — ȕȍ-
șȔȍȓȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǬȈ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ǭȡȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ
ȟȈșȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȓȟț Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖ
șȚȈȘȖȑ șȍȕȚȍȕȞȐȐ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȈ
— ǿȍȔ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ șțȘȖȊȣȑ țȗȘȍȒ"
— ǿȍȔ" ǫȔ ȧ șȒȈȎț ȥȚȖ ȊȈȔ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȟțȎȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
ȓȍȋȟȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȟȍȔ șȊȖȐȔȐ Ǫȣ
ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ǻȐȓȤȧȔȈ ǩȓȍȑ-
ȒȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȍȏțȔȍȞ ǪȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǰ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗȍȘȊȐȟȕȣȔ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȊȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȗȕ ȒțȓȤȚȐȊȐȘțȍȚ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȍȚ ȌȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȟȚȖ
ȖȕȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖșȚȤȦ ȖȚȒȘȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȍȔ ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȈȦ Ȑ ȧ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȍȋȖ
ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȧ ȕȍ țȔȍȦ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȎț ȥȚȖ ȕȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖȔ
 Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȘȖȌȧȚ-
șȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȍ ȗȖȥȔȣ Ȑ ȔȐȘȈȎȕȣȍ ȘȐșțȕȒȐ ȒȈȒ ț ǩȓȍȑȒȈ ǶȕȐ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈșȠȐȘȧȦȚ ȔȖȑ ȒȘțȋȖȏȖȘ ȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȓțȉȎȍ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȦ ȕȈ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕțȦ ȟȍȔ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȒȈȎȌȖȔț ȌȈȕȖ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȧ
— Ǫ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ Ȗș-
ȕȖȊȕȣȍ ȏȈȘȖȌȣȠȐ ȍȡȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȗȧȚȐ ȕȈȐȉȖ-

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ȓȍȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȣȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȔȣȝ ȏȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȔȈ-
ȓȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ ȏȈȘȖȌȣȠȐ, ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
Ȋ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȊȈȘȊȈȘșȒȖȔ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȥȗȖȝȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȍ țȊȓȍȒȈȍȚ ȕȈș Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ țȊȓȍȒȈȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕ-
șȚȊȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐ-
ȊȣȔ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎț Ȓ ȚȍȔ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȦȚ Ȗ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȈȘȐȑșȒȐȑ ȋȍȕȐȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȗȐȘȐȚțȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȑ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȋ ȕȈș ȊȍȘȝ ǭșȚȤ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț
ȥȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȚșȧ ǹȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȖȑ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȐ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ
ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȈȓȤȚȘțȐȏȔȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȍ ȈȉșȚȘȈȒȚȕȣȝ
ȗȖȕȧȚȐȑ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȖȚ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȖȉȕȖȊȧȚ ȕȈȠț ȒțȓȤȚțȘț
Ǭȓȧ ȐȕȌțșȖȊ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕ ȌțȝȈ ȕȐ
ȖȌȕȈ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȚȖȕȒȖșȚȤ ȕȍ țșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȖȚ Ȑȝ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȧ
ǵȖ ȧ țȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȉȍȏțȔȐȐ ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȧ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȓ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȕȍȒȖȍ șȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ — ȧ ȉȍȘț ȚȈȒȖȍ ȕȈȏȊȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ șțȔȍȦ — Ȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȊȓȈ-
șȚȤȦ ȐȓȐ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȥȚȐȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȖ ȚȘȈȕșȞȍȕȌȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ©ȧª ȧ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȊȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ
ȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ ȐȓȐ șȖȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ș șțȡȍșȚȊȈȔȐ ȐȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȔ
ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ȕȣ șȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȐȓȐ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȊȐȌȧ Ȑȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ șȓȣȠȈ țȠȈȔȐ — ȖȌȕȐȔ
șȓȖȊȖȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȖȉȐ-
ȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȉ șȒȈȎȍȔ Ȑȕȣȝ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȝ Țȍȓ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȇ
ȉȣȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕ Ƕȕ ȐȔȍȓ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȔȈ-
ȋȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤ — ȗȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ ȉȣȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țȉȍȎ-
Ȍȍȕ Ȋ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȐșȤ ȊȖ
Ȕȕȍ, ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȔȖȓȒ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȔț
— Ǫȣ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚȍșȤ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȐȍȑ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ țȒȓȖȕȟȐ-
ȊȖ
— ǵȐȟțȚȤ — șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȟȐȚȈȓ ǼȓȈȔȔȈȘȐȖȕȈ Ȑ șȚȘȖȦ ȔȐȘȣ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ ș ȍȋȖ
ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧȔȐ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ǪȍȕȍȘȍ ȐȓȐ Ȗ ǴȈȘșȍ
ǵȖ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȚȍȓȍșȒȖȗ ȕȐ ȔȈȚȍȔȈȚȐȒȈ ȕȐ ȝȐȔȐȧ ȕȍ
ȘȈȏȘȍȠȈȚ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȏȊȍȏȌȕȣȝ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȒ

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ǨșȚȘȖȕȖȔȐȍȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȖșȕȖȊȣ ȊșȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȈțȒ ȕȖ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȒȈȒ ȐȌȖ-
ȓȖȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȏȊȍȏȌ ț ȐȌȖȓȖȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȖȊ
ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȏȈȉȓțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȍ Ȓ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ ȟȍȔ șțȝȐȍ Ȑ ȚȘȍȏȊȣȍ ȜȖȘȔțȓȣ ȕȈ-
ȠȐȝ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȖȊ ǯȕȈȚȤ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȣȟȐȕȖȒ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȒȈȒ
Ȗȕ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ-ȓȈȚȣȕȐ ȋȌȍ ȘȈșȚȍȚ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȍ — ȕȍȌȖșȚȈ-
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȍȡȍ Ȍȓȧ ȊȣȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ ȌȍȓȖ ǵȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ"
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ — ȕȖ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ
ȥȚȐ ȊȈȠȐ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ș ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȓȈȕȍȚ" ǷȖșȘȍȌ-
șȚȊȖȔ ȓȐ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȋȣ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚȍșȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ
ȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȊȈȔ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȈȒ ȓțȟȐ ȊȝȖ-
ȌȧȚ Ȋ ȊȈȠȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ"
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȊȈȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȥȚȖ
Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȞȊȍȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȇ ȕȐ ȚȈȔ ȕȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȅȚȖ ȜȈȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȍșȕȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ Ȋșȍ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȔȍșȚȖȔ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ
șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȉțșȓȖȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ Ȉ
ȕȍ ȔȍșȚȖȔ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǰ ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȔȐȕț-
Țȣ ȧ ȚȈȒ ȐȕȚȍȕșȐȊȕȖ șȖȏȕȈȦ Ȑȝ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑ șȊȧȏȤ șȖ
ȔȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȐȕȖȑ ȜȈȒȚ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȜȈȒȚ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȡȈȦȡȐȑ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȔȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȓțȝȈ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȊȈȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȕȍ
ȐȔȍȧ șȐȓ ȗȘȍȊȖȏȔȖȟȤ ȕȐ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ ȕȐ ȕȍȊȍȘȐȧ
— Ǫȣ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ
ȧȏȣȒȍ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ǿȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ șȒȈȓȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ"
ǿȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȊȈȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ" DzȈȎȌȖȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȉȍȏ șȓȖȊ,
Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȣ țȎȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȗȖ-ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȧȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȘȍȟȤ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ Ȗ ȕȐȝ Ȍț-
ȔȈȍȚȍ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ ȗȘȐȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚȍ — ȍșȚȤ șȒȖ-
Șȍȍ ȊȈȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȑȝ ǺȈȒ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ Țȍ ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖ-
ȏȕȈȦ Ȑȝ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ Ȑ șȒȈȓȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȦ șȍȉȍ șȖȖȉȘȈȏ-
ȕȖ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ
ǩȣȊȈȦȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȜȈȒȚȣ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ

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ȊȈȎȕȣȍ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȥȚȖȚ
ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȑ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǵȈȔ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ
ȥȚȖȚ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȕȈȔ
ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ — țȊȣ — Ȕȣ ȕȈȊșȍ-
ȋȌȈ Ȍȓȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȔȍȘț — ȕȈȠȍ ȓȐȟ-
ȕȖȍ ȊȖșȗȘȐȧȚȐȍ Ȋȍȡȍȑ ǪȊȐȌț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȔ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ Ȋșȧ
ȕȈȠȈ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȊȍșȤ ȘȈȏțȔ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȣ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȌȖȑȚȐ ȌȖ ȖșȕȖȊ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȍșȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ
ȒȈȔȍȕȤ" ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȔ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȉȍșșȐȓȐȧ Ȕȣ țȌȖ-
ȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȧȍȔșȧ ȗțșȚȣȔ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ
— ǷȖȒȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖȋȖ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȧ — ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȗȖ
ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȍșȚȤ ȅȚȖ
ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ țȏȕȈȍȔ ȊȍȡȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȣ ȍȌȊȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ǵȖ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ș șȖ-
ȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȜȈȒȚȖȊ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ-
ȓȖ ȓȐ Ȋ ȊȈș ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȊȖȏȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȞȍȓȖșȚȤ ȉȣȚȐȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓȐșȤ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȕȧ-
ȚȐȧ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ǩȖȋȈ" ǵȍ șȚȈȓ ȓȐ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș ǩȖȋ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋȣ
ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȘȍȒȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȔțȒȍ ȖȚȞȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȖș-
ȚțȗȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȜȈȒȚȖȔ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȍ ȜȈȒȚȣ" ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȌȈ"
— ǶȠȐȉȈȍȚȍșȤ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ǫșȍ ȜȈȒȚȣ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȑȖȚț ȕȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȦȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȍȌȐ-
ȕȐȟȕȣȑ ȜȈȒȚ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȐȓȐ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ǿȚȖ
Ȏ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȚșȧ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȐȕȊȍȕȚȈȘȤ «natu-
rae naturatae»?* ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȕȣ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ǩȖȋț ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȧș-
ȕȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȔȐȒȘȖ-
șȒȖȗȈ ȏȕȈȍȔ Ȗȉ ȐȕȜțȏȖȘȐȧȝ" ǵȍȋȘ ȎȐȊțȡȐȑ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ
ȗțșȚȣȕȧȝ ǨȜȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȠȈ ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȧ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕ Ȗșȓȍȗȓȍȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȍȚȍ ȍȋȖ
* Natura naturata — ©ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɚɹª ©ɫɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɚɹª ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɥɚɬ
 ɜ
ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ Ȼ ɋɩɢɧɨɡɵ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ natura naturans Ȼɨɝɚ-Ɍɜɨɪɰɚ ɢɥɢ
©ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɟɣª


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Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎ ȐȓȐ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȗȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȐșȗțȋȈȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȊșȍșȐȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ ȟȈȘȖȌȍȍȊ-ȗȖȓțȉȖȋȖȊ ȐȓȐ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ Ȟȍȓȣȝ ȉȖȋȖȊ ǵȖ ș
ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȗȕ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ țȉȍȌȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒ
Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȐȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ
șȓȖȎȕȖȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȖȏȊȣ-
ȠȍȕȕȖȑ
ǿȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ Ȑ ȎȐȊțȚ ȍȡȍ Ȑȕȣȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖȔȐȔȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȊȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȣȍ
ȘȈȏȕȧȡȐȍșȧ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ȕȣ ȖȚ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ —
ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐȏțȔȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ țȉȍȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȔ ȜȈȒȚȍ Ȉ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȖ ȌȖ
șțȡȕȖșȚȐ Ȋȍȡȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ — șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ — Ȗȕ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȌȖ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ
ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȠȈȋ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚ ȥȚȖ ǪȐȎț ȓȐ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ
ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȐȓȐ șȚȖ — ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ
ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ ȒȈȔȕȧ
ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ Ȗ ǩȖȋȍ,
ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ ș ȏȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȔȐȘȈȔȐ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȑȖȚț ȕȍ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓȖșȤ ȧșȕȍȍ Ȑ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ ǭșȚȤ ǩȖȋ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ ǭȋȖ" Ǩ ȍș-
ȓȐ ȍșȚȤ — ȟȚȖ Ƕȕ" ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȟȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ
Ȕȣ ȝȖȚȤ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ©ȉȣȚȤª" ǬȍȒȈȘȚȖȊȖ ©Ȕȣ-
șȓȦ — ȏȕȈȟȐȚ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦª — ȕȍ ȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ
ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ǷȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȐ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȟȚȖ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȌțȝȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ șȊȍȚȈ ȚȤȔȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ" ǴȖȎȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȟȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȗȍȘȊȐȟȕȖȍ ȕȐȟȚȖ"
ȇ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȇ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ
ȚȈȒȖȍ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖȍ ȕȐȟȚȖ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȖ-
Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȖ ȚȤȔȍ ǻ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȚȔȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȑ ȖȉȍșșȐȓȍȕȐȧ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚȈ ȔȖȏȋȈ
ǸȖȑȒȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ, ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ, țȋȈȌȈȓ, ȟȚȖɀ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ƕȕ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ȕȈȠȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ȉȓțȎȌȈ-
ȓȐ ȉȖȋ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȋȌȍ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȕȣ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐ ȠȓȐ ȌȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȊ ȆȓȐȈ-
ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȖȔȖȔ ©ȗȖȌ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª

44
ǸȖȑȒȖ ȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȦȡȈȧșȧ șȒȘȐȗțȟȈȧ
ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȊȣȊȍȓȈ ȕȈș Ȋ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȗȉ-
ȠȐȘȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȟȍȋȖ șȊȍȘȕțȓȐ ȗȖ ȚȘȍȔ șȚțȗȍȕȧȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ Ȋ ȔȍȕȤȠȐȑ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȝȖȌ ȖȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȖȉȐȚȈȓȐȡȈ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǸȖȑȒȖ
ǵȖ ȗȖ ȗțȚȐ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȔȐȔȖ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȈ ȕȈșȚȍȎȤ ȇ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ
șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȚțȌȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȍȔȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȋȓțȉȖ-
ȒȐȍ șțȔȍȘȒȐ Ȑ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȖȒȕȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȊȍȠȍȕȣ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȚȒȈ-
ȕȤȦ ș ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ Ȉ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȋȖȘȍȓȈ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȈȧ șȊȍȟȒȈ DzȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȟȐșȚȖȚȣ Ȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ ǻ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șȚȍȕ șȚȖȧȓȈ șȚȈ-
ȘȖȔȖȌȕȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ ș ȊȣȞȊȍȚȠȐȔȐ ȓțȟȐșȚȖ ȖȗțșȒȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ
ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȈȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȡȍȓȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȣ — ȖȕȐ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ șȚȈȘȖ-
șȚȐ ǯȈȕȈȊȍșȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȚȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȖȟȍȘ-
ȚȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȍȑ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ
ǷȖșȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ șȚȖȧȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȕȍȒȘȈȠȍ-
ȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ ȊȣșȒȖȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȈȒ ȟȐșȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓ ȊȗȖȚȤ-
ȔȈȝ Ȉ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȍȘȎȈșȤ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȈȧ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ țșȚȈȓȖ
ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ șȚȈȘțȠȒȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ Ȋ ȉȍ-
ȓȖȔ ȟȍȗȞȍ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕȖȔ
ȒȘȍșȓȍ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋȈȧ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȈȧ
ș ȓȐȞȖȔ ȖȔȍȘȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖ ȕȍȏȈțȘȧȌȕȣȔ
ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȍȌȈȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȉȘȖȊȐ ȉȣȓȐ ț ȕȍȍ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ ȟȍȘȕȣ Ȉ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȊȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ǶȕȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȘțȟȕȖȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤȞȍ
țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐșȗȣȚțȦȡȍ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ǻȓȣȉȒȈ șȈ-
ȔȖțȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȉȓțȎȌȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȍȍ ȓȐȞț ȖȕȈ ȒȐȊȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖ-
ȊȖȑ Ȑ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȈ ȋțȉȈȔȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȠȍȗȟȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖ șȍȉȧ
Ǵȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȔȐȔȖ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ
ȎȍȓȈȧ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍșȒȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȔȖȋ
ȖȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞ ȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȈ Ȑȝ Ȑș-
ȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȤ
— ȅȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȚ Ȋȍȡȍȑ ȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȔȈȋȕȍ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȚȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈș Ȑ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȍȚ ȕȈȔȐ

46
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ǪȈȠ ȌȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȓ Ȋ
ȚȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ
ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ
ǰ ȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȓȐ
— ǪȈș ȚȈȒ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȐ ȔȖȐ șȖșȍȌȒȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ
ǸȖȑȒȖ ȊȐȏȎȈ ȒȓȦȟȖȔ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ — Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ — ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȓȐȡȍ — ȖȒȖ-
ȓȖ ©ȒȓȍȚȒȐ ȚȘȍȝ ȐȌȐȖȚȖȒª ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȍȌț-
ȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȊȈș ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȎȐȓȍȞ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȖȏȊȐȡȍ
— ©DzȓȍȚȒȈ ȚȘȍȝ ȐȌȐȖȚȖȒª? — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ — ǸȈȏ-
Ȋȍ ȥȚȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣ" ǵȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊțȝ
— ǺȘȍȚȤȧ ȕȍ ȊșȚȈȍȚ ș ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ țȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ǶȕȈ
ȔȈȘȒȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȦ ȕȖ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ Ȑ ȉȍȌ-
ȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȌțȠȈ ȏȈ ȕȍȍ ȉȖȓȐȚ
— ǰ ȉȍȏțȔȕȈȧ"
— ǵȍȚ ȕȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țȎȍ ȊȗȈȊȠȈȧ Ȋ ȌȍȚșȚȊȖ ǬȊȍ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȎȐȊțȚ ș ȕȍȑ ȖȌȕȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȌȐȖȚȒȈ

ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȉȘȣ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ ȚȘȐ șȚȈ-
ȘțȠȒȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ Ȑ ȚȐȝȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȍșȤ ȌȖȔ ȖȒȘțȎȈȍȚ Ȑȝ
ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȗȖȟȍȚȈ DzȈȒ șȖșȍȌȒȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȞȖȊȣ
— Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ — ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȧ — ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȉȘȍȌȐȓȐ ȐȔȐ Ȋ
ȋȖȘȧȟȒȍ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ Ǫȣ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎ-
ȕȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ©ȅȚȖ șȚȈȘȠȈȧ Ȑȏ șȍșȚȍȘ Mater
LacriPDUXPª ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ Ȋȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚȍ ȚȈȒ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ"
— ǵȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓȐ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ©Ma-
ter LacriPDUXPª" Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ȗȖ-ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐ"
— ǬȈ
— Ǩ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ, ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓ Ȍȍ DzțȐȕșȐ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȑ ȊȍȡȐ ©dzȍȊȈȕȈ Ȑ ȚȘȐ ǴȈȚȍȘȐ ǹȒȖȘȉȐª"
ȇ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊșȦ ȍȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȈȐȏțșȚȤ
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ.
— Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, ȗȘȖȟȚȐȚȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ DzȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȧ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȗȐșȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ — ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȚȈȒțȦ ȌȍȠȍȊțȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț DzȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȍȑ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȍȍ DzțȐȕșȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȗȖȥȔȖȑ Ǫ ȍȋȖ

47
ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ș ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȈȔȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ ǰ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ©dzȍȊȈȕȈ
Ȑ ȚȘȐ ǴȈȚȍȘȐ ǹȒȖȘȉȐª ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȓȐ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȥȝȖ ȟȚȖ
Ȕȕȍ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȟȚȖ
ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ț ȕȈș ș Ȍȍ DzțȐȕșȐ ȖȉȡȐȔ
Ƕȕ țșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ ȗȘȐ-
șțȚșȚȊȐȐ Ǵȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ țȏȒȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚ-
ȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȊȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ Ȑȏ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȖȒȖȕȞȍ ȕȈȌ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ǺȍȔ-
ȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȔȍșȚȈȔȐ ȊȣȓȐȕȧȊȠȐȑ ȌȖ ȎȍȓȚȐȏȕȣ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș ȘȈȏ-
Ȍȍȓȧȓ ȥȚț ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȟȈșȚȐ Ǵȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȊȍȚ-
ȓȖȑ ȏȈ ȗȖȓțȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȚȖȑ ȠȐȘȔȖȑ ȊȐȌȕȍȓșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȣȑ țȋȖȓ ȚȈȔ șȚȖȧȓȖ șȚȈȘȖȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȍ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȑ ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ
ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȍ ȊȣȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ șȦȌȈ ȊȍȡȐ
ȇ ȗȘȐșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȥȚȐȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔ ȊȍȡȈȔ ș ȎȈȌȕȣȔ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȊȍȌțȡțȦ Ȋ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖȑȚȐ ȏȈȎȍȋ șȊȍȟț
DzȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȕȖ ȟȐșȚȈȧ Ǫȍȡȍȑ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ-
ȔȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȓȐșȚȣ ȐșȗȐșȈȕȕȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ ȒȐȗȈ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȣȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ ț șȚȍȕ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚțȓȤȍȊ ț ȖȒȕȈ ȗȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȣȑ
ȕȍșȍșșȍȘ Ȋ șȚȐȓȍ ȈȔȗȐȘ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ țȋȓț țȏȒȈȧ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȉțȜȍȚ ș ȟȈȑȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȖȔ ȎȍșȚȧȕȣȔ șȈ-
ȔȖȊȈȘȖȔ ș ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȓȈȔȗȖȑ ǼȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ șȚȈȚțȐ DzȈȕȖȊȣ
șȊ ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȈ ǨșșȐȏșȒȖȋȖ ȉȍȏ ȘȈȔȣ ȗȘȐȉȐȚȈȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȓ șȚȍ-
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȐșȒțș-
șȚȊȈ
— DzȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȌȊȖȐȝ ȚȈȒ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȟȍȕ ȊȈȔ — ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȣȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ — șȊȧȚȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ"
— 2ȉȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒ ǨșșȐȏșȒȐȑ — ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ
ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȉ DzȈȕȖȊȈ — ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȍȑȠȐȝ
ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȍȚ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȥȚȈ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȈȚțȧ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ
ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȝȖȚȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ ȘȍȗȘȖȌțȒȞȐȐ
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȘȍȈȓȐȏȔ ț ȥȚȐȝ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȐșȗȈȕȞȍȊ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ȧ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȦ — ǸȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȐȚ
ȒȈȒ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ"
ǸȖȑȒȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ

48
— ȇ ȕȍ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ ș ȊȈȔȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ǫȣ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖ-
ȟȐȊȈȍȚȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȗȖȌ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍȔ Ȑ
ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ ǫȖȊȖȘȧ ©ȘȍȈȓȐȏȔª Ȋȣ ȐȔȍȍȚȍ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ©ȗȘȈȊȌțª
Ȋ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȠȐ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȍȈȓȐșȚȣ
ȊȊȍȓȐ ȍȍ ǪșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍșȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ Ȋ ȥȚț șȚȈȚțȦ șȊ ǼȘȈȕ-
ȞȐșȒȈ Ȑ ȊȈȔ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚșȧ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȥȚȐȔȐ ȌȊț-
Ȕȧ ȥȗȖȝȈȔȐ ǵȣȕȍȠȕȍȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȈ
ȠȒȖȓȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȐȌȈȓȈ ȌȍȊȐȏȈȔȐ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
Ȗ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȟȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈ Ǻȍ Ȏȍ ȊȍȓȐ-
ȒȐȍ ȔȈșȚȍȘȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȕȐ ȌȍȊȐȏȖȊ ȕȐ ȌȖȒȚȘȐȕ ȕȖ ț ȕȐȝ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ Ȑ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ
ȊșȍȋȖ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȓȐ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȣȠȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȌ țȘȖȊȕȍȔ ȗȖȊșȍȌȕȍȊȕȖșȚȐ ȐȓȐ, ȗȘȖȡȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ
ȌȖșȚȖȐȕ ȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȋȖ șȖȏȌȈȓȐ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȔȖȌȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ
șȚȖȧȚ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȈȊȚȖȘȣ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ©ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȦȚª ȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤ ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȊ
ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȈ — ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ Ȋ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ȕȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ
— ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȏȈȔȣșȓȍ Ǩ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȖșȕȖȊȣȊȈȍȚșȧ
Ȋșȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ
— ȇ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ —
ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȧ — ȇ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦ ȘȍȈȓȐșȚȖȊ ȒȈȒȖȊȣ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȐȔȍȘ ǬȖșȚȖȍȊșȒȐȑ Ȑ ǼȓȖȉȍȘ ȖȚ ȚȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȣ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
șȍȑȟȈș ȌȈȎȍ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖ ȐȔȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ țȔ ǵȖ ȖȌȕȈ-
ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈș-
ȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
— ǵȐȟțȚȤ — ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȚȊȍȘȎ-
ȌȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȝȖȌȕțȦ ȏȈȌȈȟț ǯȕȈȕȐȍ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȈ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȓȐȚȐ-
ȒȈ Ȑ ȕȈȠȐ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ Ȋ șȚȈȌȐȐ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ ǵȈȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȗȖ-
Șȣ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȐ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȐȏȔ Ȋ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍ ȥȔȗȐȘȐȏȔ
Ȋ ȕȈțȒȍ — ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȍșȚȤ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șȐȕȚȍȏȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȈȕȈȓȐ-
ȏȈ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȉȓȈșȚȧȝ ȕȍȚ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚ-
ȒȈ Ȋ ȌțȝȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȝȖȚȤ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȐ ȊȍȘȠȐȕ ȕȖ
șȚȖȧȚ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȕȈȌ șȊȖȐȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ǵȖ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȖȕȐ — ȔȐȘ
ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȌȖȑȌȍȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȍ — ȥȚȖ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ

49
ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȖ ȕȍȉȍș Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȖ ȍȌ-
ȊȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȘȈșȚȈȍȚ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— Ǫȣ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȍȔț — Ǫ ȊȈș ȚȈȒȐȍ
șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȧ ǺȖ Ȋȣ ȒȈȎȍȚȍșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȣȔ
ȒȘȈȑȕȐȔ ȗȍșșȐȔȐșȚȖȔ ȖȚȟȈȐȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȚȖ
ȊȌȘțȋ șȕȖȊȈ Ȑȏ ȊȈȠȐȝ șȓȖȊ șȚȘțȧȚșȧ ȓțȟȐ ȟȐșȚȍȑȠȍȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ
ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȕȧȦȚ Ȋșȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȚțȟȐ
— ȇ ȗȖȌȗȈȌȈȦ ȗȖȌ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ — ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ȇ țȎȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȕȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ ǬȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ
ȧ Ȑ șȈȔ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐȔȍȦ Ȋșȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȇ ȕȍ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȐȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȖȚȕȖ-
ȠȍȕȐȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ țȔȍȦ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈȚȤșȧ ȊșȍȔȐ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȔȐ ȕȈȠȍȑ
ȥȗȖȝȐ Ȉ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȗȍȚȤ Ȋ ȚȘȐțȔ-
ȜȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȝȖȘȍ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȔ ȕȈȠȍ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȕȍȞ
Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȍȌȣȌțȡȐȝ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȧ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ șȖȋȓȈȠȈȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔ ǽȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȊȊȐȌț șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈțȒȖȑ Ȑ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȍȑ
ȆȔȖȘȐșȚȐȒȈ ȥȚȖȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
ȖȉȈ ȉȖȘȞȈ ȕȈȗȐȘȈȦȚ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȕȍȗȖȋȘȍȠȐȔȖșȚȤ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ț ȕȣȕȍȠȕȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȍșȚȤ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȑ ȖȕȐ ȐȓȐ
ȕȍ ȊȍȘȧȚ Ȑ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȐȒȈȝ ȌțȠȐ ȚȖșȒțȦȚ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȓȐȉȖ
ȊȍȘȍ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȊȍȘȧȚ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȕȍȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȉȍȌȕȖ
ȕȈȌ ȞȍȓȣȔ ȔȖȘȍȔ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ — Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ȑ ȖȌȕȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ
ȉȣȓȐ ȉȣ ȘȈȌȣ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ȥȚȐ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȗȖȋȘȍȠȐȔȖșȚȐ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖ-
Ȕț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȖȋȓȈșȐȦ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȚȤ
ȔȖșȚ ȔȍȎȌț ȘȍȓȐȋȐȍȑ Ȑ ȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ — Ǵȕȍ ȥȚȖ
ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ
— Ǫ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȐȝ ȝȘȈȔȈȝ ȥȏȖȚȍȘȐȟȕȈȧ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋȣș-
ȠȐȔ ȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓȖ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ Ȓ ȊȍȓȐ-
ȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖȔț șȐȕȚȍȏț ǷȖȐșȚȐȕȍ
ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȔțȌȘȍȞȈȔȐ ȊȣșȠȐȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ț ȕȐȝ
ȚȈȑȕȣȔ șȒȘȣȚȣȔ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȍȔ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȊȧ-
ȡȍȕȕȣȔ
— ǵȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ"
— ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȔțȌȘȖ ǬȈȎȍ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ
ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȖȓȤȏȣ ȖȚ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȐȏȈȞȐȐ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȊȖ

50
ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȧ ș ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȍ ȕȈțȒȐ ȟȐșȚȣȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ șȐȔȊȖȓȣ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȏȓȖțȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȍȔȣȔȐ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȒȈȘȐȒȈȚțȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȌȖ ȕȍțȏȕȈȊȈȍ-
ȔȖșȚȐ
— Ǩȝ ȧ ȓțȟȠȍ țȏȕȈȦ ȊȈș — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ — Ǫȣ ȊȍȘȐȚȍ
Ȋ ȊȣșȠȐȍ ȐȌȍȈȓȣ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȒȈȒ ǪȈȊȐȓȖȕ-
șȒȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ ȒȘțȠȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȣ ȗȖȌ ȊȈȔȐ Ȋ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȍșȤ ț ȊȍȘȠȐȕȣ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȖȚȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȔȍȟȚȣ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ș ȋȘțșȚȕȖȑ țșȔȍȠȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȓ ȖȒȕț
ǵȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț ǴȖȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ șȓțȟȈȑ-
ȕȖ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȖȒȖȕȕȖȍ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ șȚȖȧ-
ȡȍȑ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ șȊȍȟȐ ǵȈ șȚȍȒȓȍ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȈȓȔȈ-
ȏȖȔ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȤșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ©ǶȌȐȕ ȖȌȐȕ ȖȌȐȕ
ǩȖȎȍ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȓȈȟȈ Ȋ șȍȘȌ-
Ȟȍ ȔȖȍȔª
— ǵȐȎȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȌȗȐșȤ ȗȖȓȤșȒȈȧ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ Ȑ ȌȈȚȈ 
— ȅȚȖ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ — ȅȚȖ șȚȍȒȓȖ țȎȍ
ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȠȍșȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ǺȖ ȉȍȌȕȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȖ
ȞȐȚȈȚȍ ǹȓȖȊȈȞȒȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȟȈ țȎȍ ȕȈ-
ȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȖ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ Ȑ ȉȐȚȤșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȕȒȈȧ
șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȈȧ ȌȖȡȍȟȒȈ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȉțȘȧȔ ȊȍȚȘȈȔ Ȑ ȊșȧȒȐȔ
șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȧȔ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ șȒȖȘȉȐ Ȑ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȍȕȕȣȍ
ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȝ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȊ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȖȊ țȔȖȓȧȦȡȐȝ
ȔȖȓȐȚȊ Ȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȑ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȥȚȐ ȗȖȟȍȘ-
ȕȍȓȣȍ ȕȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȍ ȍȡȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣȚȤ
ȔȖȎȍȚ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȐȝ ȏȊȍȏȌ țȗȈȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȕțȓȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȔ
ȕțȚȘȍ Ǩȝ ȥȚȈ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȔȖșȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǸȖȑȒȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȑ șȍȓ
ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ț
Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȓȦȟȈ ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ș ȕȐȔ șȕȖȊȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
ȖȕȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
ȧ șȐȎț ȊȖȏȓȍ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ș ȕȐȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȦ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚȈȔȐ
Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚ ȔȖȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ Ȗȕ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȎȍȓȈȧ

51
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ©Ǻȣ ȏȌȍșȤ" DzȚȖ Țȣ Ȑ ȟȍȋȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȐȡȍȠȤ"ª ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȇ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȍȔț ȘțȒț ǶȕȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȋȖȘȧȟȈ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȎȈȘț
— ǬȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ǸȖȑȒȖ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȒȐȊȕțȓ
ȇ ȚȐȝȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȏȈ
ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȗȘȐșȓțȎȐȊȈȧșȤ ȕȖ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȠȍȊȍȓȐȓșȧ ȇ
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǬȊȍȘȤ ©ȒȓȍȚȒȐ ȐȌȐȖȚȖȒª ȉȣȓȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȈ Ȑ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ
ȕȍȍ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȍȚȈȓȖ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȠțȔȈ ǪȍșȤ ȌȖȔ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒ ȏȈ-
ȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ-ȥȚȈȎȈ ȊȕȐȏ — ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓșȧ ȠțȔ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ
ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ șȊȍȚȓȖȊȖȓȖșȣȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȜȘȈȕȚȖȊșȒȐ ȗȘȐȟȍșȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ș ȕȈȜȐȒșȈȚțȈȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ țșȈȔȐ ȚȐȗ ȏȕȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȍȉȍ Ȟȍȕț
©ȒȘȈșȈȊȟȐȒȈª ȊȣȓȍȚȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȘțȋȈȚȤ Ƕș-
Ȋȍȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȖșȖȑ șȊȍȚȈ ȉȤȦȡȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȓȈȔȗȣ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ȗȕ
ȗȘȐȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȍ ǯȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȈșȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȘȈșȚȘȍȗȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ
ȉȍȌȕȖ ȖȌȍȚȈȧ Ȋșȧ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȕȕȈȧ.
— dzȍȖȕ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ dzȍȖȕ — Ȋ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȍ
ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȈȊ — ǸȈȌȐ ǩȖȋȈ ȗȖșȚȖȑ DzțȌȈ
Țȣ ȐȌȍȠȤ" DzțȌȈ Țȣ ȐȌȍȠȤ" Ǩȝ Țȣ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȍȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ƕȕ ȋȘțȉȖ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȍȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȠȈȚȈȓȈșȤ
— ǿȍȘȚ Țȍȉȧ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ țȘȖȌȐȕȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ șȉȍȎȈȓ ș
ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ
ȇ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ ǩȓȍȌȕȈȧ șȘȈȏț ȖȕȍȔȍȊȠȈȧ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȓȖȔȐȓȈ ȘțȒȐ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈșȤ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ Ȑ ȌȐȒȖ ȏȈȘȣȌȈȓȈ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȋȖȘȍ
ȇ țȏȕȈȓ ȍȍ ȅȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈ șȈȔȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-
ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȖȔȖȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȓȈ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȓȈ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — șȖȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȇ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȔȐȔȖ ȕȍȍ ȚȐȝȖ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ țșȓȣȝȈȓȈ
ȔȖȐ ȠȈȋȐ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȋȓȧȕțȓȈșȤ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȖȕȈ ȕȈȌȍȧȓȈșȤ,
ȟȚȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ țȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ ǻȊȐȌȍȊ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȕȈ ș ȌȖșȈȌȖȑ
ȕȈȝȔțȘȐȓȈșȤ ȖȚȍȘȓȈ ȘțȒȈȊȖȔ șȓȍȏȣ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȌȍȚȐ
ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ș ȠțȔȖȔ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ

52
ǺȈȒȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ
ȌȖȔȈ ©ȗȖȌ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȣ ȧ
ȗȖȌȊȍȓ ȐȚȖȋ ȥȚȐȔ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧȔ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉ-
șȧ ȐȡȈ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȖȟȍȘ-
ȕȍȊȠȐȝ ȉȓȐȏȐȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȓ ȘțȐȕȍ șȚȍȕȈȝ
DzȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȥȚȈ ©ȒȓȍȚȒȈ
ȐȌȐȖȚȖȒª ȋȖȘȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȒȘȐȟȈȊȠȍȑ Ȋ ȖȚ-
ȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȊșȓȍȌ țȉȍȋȈȊȠȍȔț ȦȕȖȠȍ — ȒȈȒȐȍ ȗȖȊȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȏȈȘȖȌȣȠȐ ȋȕȍȏȌȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ
ǵȖ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȏȈșȓȖȕȐȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȇ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ șȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȉȍ-
ȘȍȎȤȍ ș ȥȒșȚȈȏȕȣȔ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȓȐȞȈ ǹȓȣȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ țȌȐȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȐ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ șȚȈȕȍȚ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȚțȌȈ ȒțȌȈ ȗȖȊșȍȌȕȍȊ-
ȕȣȍ țȔȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ — Ȑ ȖȚ ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȈ ȒȘțȎȐȚȤșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ DzȈȒțȦ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤ
ȐȔȍȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ǰȏ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏ ȐȏȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȜȓȦȐȌ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȖ ȗȖȒȖȘȧȓȖ
©ǩȍȏțȔȍȞ ȥȚȖ"ª — ȚȐȝȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ șȍȉȧ
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȌȖ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȌțȠȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ǸȖȑȒȖ — ȥȚȖ ȔȖȧ șțȌȤȉȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ
ȊȣșȠȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȌȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȓȍȒ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒțȌȈ
ȝȖȟȍȚ Ȑ ȟȚȖ, ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȉȍȏțȔȍȞ ȚȖ Ȑ ȔȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ —

ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȇ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ țȎȈșȕțȊȠȐșȤ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ — țȎȍ ȍșȚȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ
ȉȍȏțȔȐȧ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȏȊȍȘȤ
Ȋ ȒȓȍȚȒȍ
ȇ ȕȍ șȗȈȓ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȔȍȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȋ ȎȈȘț
ǻȚȘȖȔ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȘȈșșțȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚ-
ȊȐȍ
©ȅȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȌȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ —
șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ șȍȉȍ — ȅȚȖ — ȌțȠȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȦȡȈȧ Ȋ șțȡ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȈȧ ȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȊȍȘȣ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȕȈ ȕȍțș-
ȚȈȕȕȖ ȐȡȍȚ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȠȐȉȖȟȕȖ ȕȈȌȍȍȚșȧ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȘȈȏțȔȖȔ
Ǩ ȥȚȖ ȍȋȖ “șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȏȈȏȍȔȕȣȝ ȜȈȒȚȖȊ”" ȅȚȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȖ ȉȘȍȌ»
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȏȈȒȖȓȍȉȈȓșȧ ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȉȘȍȌ"
ǷȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚ-
ȊȐȧ ȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȧșȕȣȔ Ȑ ȧ
ȉȣȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ǭȌȊȈ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȥȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȋȓțȝȈȧ ȏȓȖșȚȤ ȕȈ
șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȕȈȊȍȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȘȍȌȈ" ǰ Ȕȕȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȘț-
ȎȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȊȍȘȚȐȚșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȟ-
ȊȈ țȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋ
— ȅȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȖȊȍȌȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȧ — șȕȖȊȈ Ȋȣ-
ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȔ ȊȖȏȔțȡȍȕȐȐ — DzȚȖ Ȏȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ
ȊȍȓȐȚ Ȕȕȍ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȘțȎȉȣ" — ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ ȧ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ
țȎȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȌț Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗ ȌȖȔȍ ©ȗȖȌ țȚȖ-
ȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª ȧ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȉțȌț

54
ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȧ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ șȊȖȍ ȖȉȍȡȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ șȖȊȍșȚȤ ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ
ȕȍ ȗȖ-ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐ șȚȖȘȖȕȐȚȤșȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȚȈȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȧȊȕțȦ
șȐȔȗȈȚȐȦ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȍȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓȐșȤ ȇ țșȚȣȌȐȓșȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ Ȑ
ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǸȖȑȒȖ
Ƕȕ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǻȊȐȌȍȊ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗȕ ȊȣȘȈ-
ȏȐȓ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ
— Ǫȣ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǷȍȘȍșȐȓȐȓȐ șȍ-
ȉȧ" ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈș
— ǿȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȖ ȊȈș Ȓ ȔȣșȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌț" — țȌȐ-
ȊȐȓșȧ ȧ
Ƕȕ țȗȖȘȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕ ȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȊ șȊȖȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ©ȗȖȌ
țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ Ȋșȍ — ȚȐȝȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
— Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ Ȋșȍ" ǿȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȋ ȊȈș
— Ǫȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȔȖȐ șȖȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȍȑȠȐȍ
ȔȣșȓȐ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ș ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ
— ǬȈ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ
ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ Ȗ ȧșȕȖșȚȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ șțȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȚȤșȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȊȗȘȍȌȤ
— ǰȏ ȟȍȋȖ Ȋȣ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ" — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ Ȋȣ-
ȕțȎȌȍȕȕȖ țșȔȍȝȈȧșȤ ȕȖ ș ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȏȈȔȍȠȈ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ
— ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȊȈș
— ǫȌȍ"
— Ǫ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ
— Ǫȣ ȉȣȓȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ"
— ȇ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǹ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ
ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȓȍȕ
— ǰ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ" ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȟȈȘȖȌȍȑ" — ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȧ ȕȖ
ȔȖȑ șȔȍȝ ȉȣȓ ȍȡȍ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ — Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ Ȋȣ țȎȍ țȔȍȘȓȐ Ȑ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȈȠ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ"
Ǫ

55
— Ǵȣ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȔ Ȑ șȓȣȠȐȔ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ
ȓȐȞ ǪȐȌȍȚȤ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȘȊȈȔȐ ȋȓȈȏ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ
șȓȣȠȈȓ ȊȈș ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȏȘȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ șȓțȝȖȔ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ
șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȔȖȋțȚ ȚȈȒ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȐȌȧȚ Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȚ ǰ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ — ȥȚȖ
ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ǶȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȍȋȖ
ȊȐȌȐȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȏȋ Ȑ ȊȕțȚ-
Șȍȕȕȍȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ
ǺȈȒȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȊȥȚȖȔșȓțȟȈȍǵȍȧȕȈȊȈșȈȊȣȕȈȔȍȕȧȌȍȑ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȐȕȚȍȕșȐȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȦ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȊȈș
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȓ
ȔȖȑ Ȍțȝ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ Țȍȓȍ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ț ȊȈș"
— Ǫȣ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȍțȝ ȌțȠȈ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȋȌȍ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȔȍșȚȖ — ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȚȍȓȖȔ ș ȔȈȚȍȘȐȍȑ Ǭțȝ
ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕ-
ȕȖȔ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ș ȐȕȣȔ ȌțȝȖȔ Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ǹȊȍȌȍȕȉȖȘȋ
șȒȈȏȈȓ — ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐ ȚȍȓȍșȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȐȔȍȍȚ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍȕȐȍ ȌțȝȈ ș ȐȕȣȔȐ ȌțȝȈȔȐ ȝȖȚȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ©ȧª ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȇ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȓȦ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȋ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ǵȖ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ șȍȉȧ
ȚȈȒ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȓ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȍ Ȋ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ
ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȎȐȊț țȎȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ Ȋ ȐȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ — ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȐȔȍȦ țȎȍ
ȗȖȓțȧșȕȖȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ Ȗ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ©ȧª
Ƕȕ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȇ ȎȐȊȖ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț
— ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȣ ȟȚȖ Ȍț-
ȔȈȍȚȍ țȎȍ Ȗȉ ȐȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ" Ǩ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȍȋȖ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚȍ"
— ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ ȧ
— ǷȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ DzȈȕȚ,
— șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǸȈȏȓțȟȍȕȐȍ ȌțȠȐ ș ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ
ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍ țȔȈ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȌțȝȖȔ ǰȕȖȑ ȔȐȘ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȍșȚȤ ȐȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ
ȔȐȘȍ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȔȐȘȈ ǰȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ©ȧª ǰȕȖȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȞȍȓȖȔț
Ƕȕ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȔȖȓȒ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȉȖȓȤȕȣ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ș

56
ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖȔ
— ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ"
— ǰ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȍ Ȋ ȔȖȦ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȦ Ȓ ȊȈȔ"
— ǪȍȘȦ ǪȍȌȤ ȧ Ȏȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ țȗȘȍȒȈȍȚȍ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȒȖȓȍ-
ȉȈȕȐȧȝ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ Ȕȍȕȧ
— Ǩȝ Ȋȣ țȗȘȍȒȈȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ țȗȘȍȒȈȦ
ȕȐ ȊȈș ȕȐ ȒȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ șȖȏȌȈȕ
Ȍȓȧ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȌȘțȎȉȣ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖ Ȋ țȌȍȓ ǰ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ
ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȊȐȕȖȊȍȕ ǩȈȕȈȓȤȕțȦ ȌȘțȎȉț ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȚȚȈȓ-
ȒȐȊȈȓ șȈȔ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȧ
ǺȈȒȈȧ ȌȘțȎȉȈ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȝ ȓȈșȒ Ȉ ȧ ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȓ
ȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȘțȒț ȌȍȓȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ țȔȍȓ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȌȖȓȋȖ
țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȍȉȧ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ țȗȘȍȒȐ" — ȋȘțșȚȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǪȍȘȤȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȚ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ Ȗș-
ȊȍȚȐȓȈ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȉȘȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȚȘȖȕțȚȣȑ ȌȖ
ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȌțȠȐ șȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒț ș ȚȈȒȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȚȤ ǵȖ ȗȖ ȕȍȔț ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ
— ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȘȈșșȒȈȎȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ
ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȖȐșȒȈȚȤ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ
— ǶșȚȈȊȐȔ ȥȚȖ — ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ șȓȈȉ Ȑ
ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȎȈȘ ȊȖȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȅȚȖ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚȍ
ȊșȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȧ ȗȖȊȍȌț ȊȈș Ȓ ȔȖȐȔ șȖșȍȌȒȈȔ Ȋ ©ȒȓȍȚȒț
ȐȌȐȖȚȖȒª ȅȚȖȑ ȉȍȌȕȖȑ ȔȈȘȒȋȘȈȜȐȕȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȝțȎȍ
ȇ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȍȍ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȍ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȟȚȖ
ȗȘȐȊȍȌț ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ȇ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȈș ȐȔȍȓ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ǭȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ
țȎ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȖ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȑȌȍȚȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ
Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȈȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ" ǶȕȐ
ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȊȍȘȧȚ Ȋ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕț
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ ȕȍȚ" — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ — ǹ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȑ
ȖȝȖȚȖȑ ǬȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȑ ȊȣȓȍȟȐȊȈȍȚ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȈ"
Ƕȕ ȖȗȍȘșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȊȍȌȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ
ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȉȍȏ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ țșȐȓȐȧ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ©ȒȓȍȚ-
ȒȐ ȐȌȐȖȚȖȒª ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ șȚȈȘțȝ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈ
— ȇ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ș ȌȖȒȚȖȘȖȔ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȍȑ ǸȖȑȒȖ — ȅȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȌȘțȋ DzȈȒ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ șȍȉȧ șȍ-

57
ȋȖȌȕȧ m-OOH Ȍȍ ǹȖȘȍȓȤ"
ǫȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ ȗȖȌȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒț ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ Ȑ ș ȒȈ-
ȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖȚȣ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȖȔ ǸțȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȎȍșȚȒȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȟȈȧ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȕȈ-
ȘȖȌȈ ȕȖ Ȋ ȍȍ ȔȈȕȍȘȍ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓȖ ȊȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȖȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌșȚȊȖ Ȉ
Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȗȘȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȧȍȔȣȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȤȍȔ ȗȈ-
ȜȖș ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȑȏ ȟȐșȓȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȖȉȘȍȚȈȦȚ ȕȈȠț șȐȔȗȈȚȐȦ
— Ǵ-llȍ Ȍȍ ǹȖȘȍȓȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ǸȖȑȒȖ — ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȕȈ — ǰ, ȊȍȌȧ ȕȈș Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȚȐȝȖ ȠȍȗȕțȓȈ Ȕȕȍ — M-lle
Ȍȍ ǹȖȘȍȓȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ǶȕȈ ȖȚ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ ȊȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȌȍȚ-
șȚȊȖ
— Ǵȕȍ țȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȈȠ șȖșȍȌ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ Ȑ ȥȚȖ
ȍȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȖ
ǶȕȈ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȖȧȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ m-llȍ Ȍȍ ǹȖȘȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ șȔȍȠȕȖȑ ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȥȚȈ ȌȍȓȐȒȈȚȕȖșȚȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȚȘȖȕțȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓȈ ȊȣȞȊȍȚȠȐȍ Ƞȍȓ-
ȒȖȊȣȍ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȣ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȔȐ ȕȍȖȌȕȖȒȘȈȚȕȖ șȠȐ-
ȊȈȍȔȣȔȐ ȕȖ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȊȖȏȖȉȕȖȊȓȧȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
ȐșȚȓȍȊȠȈȧ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ țȎȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȠȊȖȊ
ǩȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ș ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȈ
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȈ ȕȖ Ȋ ȟȍȘȚȈȝ ȓȐȞȈ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖ Ȗ ȗȘȐȏȕȈ-
ȒȈȝ ȉȣȓȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ǿȍȘȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣ dzȐȞȖ ȍȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ ȔȈșȒț Ȑȏ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȊȖșȒȈ ǩȍ-
ȓȣȍ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȟȐșȚȖȑ ȗȖȌțȠ-
Ȓȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȗȖȌțȠȒț Ȑȏ ȋȘțȉȖȋȖ ȠȍȓȒȈ ǬȓȐȕȕȣȍ Șț-
ȒȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȚȍȓȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȓȣȍ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ Ȑ — ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ — ȐșȚȐȕȕȖ ȈȘȐșȚȖ-
ȒȘȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ ǶȕȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ Ȑȝ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȋȖ țȎȍ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ǭȣ-
ȝȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȈȉȖ
— Ǫȣ șȗȐȚȍ P-OOH ǫȖȕȖȘȈȚȈ" — ȚȐȝȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ
ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ — Ǵ-llȍ Ȍȍ ǹȖȘȍȓȤ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ — ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȋȘȖȔ-
ȟȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȉȍȏȖȚȊȍȚȕȖșȚȤȦ
— ǩȖȎȍ
ȔȖȑ ȔȈȘȒȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ — ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȈȧ
țȎȍ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȠțȚȒț
Ǵ-llȍ Ȍȍ ǹȖȘȍȓȤ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ șȔȍȝȖȔ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȇ

58
ȉȣȓ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕ Ȑȝ ȧșȕȖșȚȤȦ ȎȐȊȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȦȕȖȠȍșȚȊȖȔ
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȌȖȘȕȣȔ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȔ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȖșȚȤ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȒȐ șȔȍȝȖȔ
— ȇ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȈ ȊȈș" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ țȎȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȓȈȉȍȍ ȖȚ
șȔȍȝȈ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ — ȇ ȗȖȐȋȘȈȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȐȞț
ǫȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ ȗȖȋȘȖȏȐȓȈ ȍȑ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȒȈȒ Șȍȉȍȕ-
Ȓț
— ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ șȍ-
ȘȤȍȏȕȖȑ Ǫȣ ȉȖȓȤȕȣ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ" ǩȖȓȤȕȣ
— ǬȈ ȉȖȓȤȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȕȈ Ȑ țȎ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȊȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ P-lle
Ȍȍ ǹȖȘȍȓȤ
ǺțȟȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȐ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȊȌȘțȋ șȌȍȓȈȓȈșȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȈ-
ȘȖȑ ȒȈȒ Ȋ șȒȈȏȒȍ — ȌȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȐ șȚȈȘȖȑ
— ǷȖșȚȖȑȚȍ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ ȓȍȚ ȧ țȎȍ ȉȖȓȍȦ" — Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȈ ȚȐȝȖ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔ — ǫȌȍ țȎ ȚȈȔ șȟȍșȚȤ — ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȚțȗȖ ȉȍșșȔȣș-
ȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȓȍȋȓȈ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖȌțȠȒȍ
ǶȕȈ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȏȈȉȣȓȈ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȘțȒȐ
ȍȍ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȖȌȍȧȓȖ Ȑȏ ȗȖȘȣȎȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȠȍȓȒȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ ȉȣȓ ȊȣȠȐȚ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȐȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȍȘȍȉȘȖȔ ȋȍȘȉ ș ȒȖȘȖ-
ȕȖȑ
— ǶȕȈ ȉȖȓȍȓȈ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ Ǿȍȓȍ-
șȚȐȕȈ — Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȐȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȔȈȓȖ ȖȕȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ȠȓȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖ ȘȖȏȈȔ
ǵȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓ Ȑȏ ȍȍ țșȚ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȎȈȓȖȉȣ ǶȕȈ
țȔȍȍȚ ȉȖȓȍȚȤ Ǩ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ
ȇ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ Ȗ șȐȔȗȚȖȔȈȝ ȍȍ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ Ǫ ȌȈȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȝ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȑ șȚȈ-
ȘȖșȚȐ
— ȇ ȔȖȋț ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȒȖȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȕȈȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȧ ȕȈ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȋȖșȗȖȎȐ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȣ
ǵȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔțȦ ȘȈ-
ȌȖșȚȤ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ Ȕȣ țȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȏȈȝȓȍ-
ȉȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ Ȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ǫȖșȗȖȎȈ Ǿȍȓȍș-
ȚȐȕȈ șȚȈȘȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ șțȘȖȊȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ
— ǵȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖȠț ȓȍȎȈȚȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ — ȏȈȒȘȐ-
ȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ șȖ ȏȓȖșȚȤȦ, șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȕȖȑ ȕȖ ȒȖ-

59
ȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ǶȕȈ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȈșȤ —
ǹȗȈȚȤ — ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ
ǩȍȌȕȈȧ ȔȈȘȒȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǰȕȖȑ ȘȈȏ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ — ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ — Ȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȕȈȗțș-
ȚȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ
ǷțșȚȤ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖ ǩȖȋ
ȇ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȕțȦ ǵȈ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍȎȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ǬȓȐȕȕȣȍ șțȝȐȍ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȗȈ-
ȓȤȞȣ ȍȍ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ țȋȖȓ ȖȌȍȧȓȈ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ
ȌȍȚȐ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȒțȒȓȣ Ȑȏ ȓȖșȒțȚȒȖȊ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈ
ȥȚȖȚ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȒȈȟȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ — Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ șȒȖȘȖ țșȕȍȚ — ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ
ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ — ǻ ȕȍȍ ȍșȚȤ țȎȍ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ Ȑ ȍȑ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ
ȖȕȈ țșȣȗȓȧȍȚ ȍȋȖ
— ǶȕȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ" — ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǬȈ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȍȍ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȍ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȠȓȈ
ȏȈȔțȎ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȌȈȎȍ Ȗ ȕȍȑ
șȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȐȝ Ȋȍȟȕȣȝ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȑ Ȑ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȑ ȕțȎȌȣ ǵȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ
ȟȚȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȊȘȖȌȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȒȖȑ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓȈ Ȋ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȌȖ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȍȍ șȈȔȖȍ ǵȖ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ șȔȍȠ-
ȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȍȚ Ȑ ȒȈȟȈȍȚ țȋȖȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȌȍȧȓȈ ȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈ" ǫȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȑ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȖȚ-
ȟȈȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
țȊȓȈȎȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍȔȖȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ.
Ǵȍȕȧ ȌȖ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȌțȠȐ ȘȈșȚȘȖȋȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ șȓȍȌ țȠȍȌȠȐȝ Ȋ ȕȍ-
ȉȣȚȐȍ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȚȊȈ
— ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȖ ȏȈȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȧ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȍ ȘȈșȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȏȈ-
ȕȈȊȍșȣ ț ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ
ǶȉȘȈȏ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȋȖ țȊȧȌȠȍȋȖ șȒȓȖȕȧȦȡȍȋȖșȧ Ȓ ȋȘȖȉț șț-
ȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț șȒȘȣȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȈȘȒȋȘȈ-
ȜȐȕȍȑ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȊȍșȤ ȍȍ ȘȖȌ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȓȈȊ-
ȕȣȑ Ȑ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ǫȓțȉȖȒțȦ ȚȐȠȐȕț ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈȘțȠȐȓ

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ȌȐȒȐȑ ȘȈȏȌȐȘȈȦȡȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ
— ǴȖȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ ǪȍȘȕȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȦ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ — ȒȘȐ-
ȟȈȓ Ȋ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȖșȒȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș
Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȏȊțȟȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖȍ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȉȍȏțȔ-
ȕȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȓȤȟȍșȒȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ ȌȘȖȎȤ ȗȘȖȕȐȏȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ
ȒȖșȚȍȑ Ǫ țȎȈșȍ ȧ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȚȘȍȚȤȧ
ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ©ȒȓȍȚȒȐ ȐȌȐȖȚȖȒª ȅȚȈ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȍȏȖ-
ȉȘȈȏȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȐȕȚȍ-
ȘȍșȕȈ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȐșȒȘȐȓȐșȤ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȌ
ȓȤȦȡȐȝșȧ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ șȓȍȏ Ȉ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȚȘȈ-
ȋȐȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȚȘȧșȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȌțȠȐ ǯȍȘȒȈȓȖ Ȋ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈșȤ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ȗȖ ȞȍȓȣȔ ȌȕȧȔ țȗȈȓȖ
ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȈȔȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ șțȌȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȏȈȓȈȔȣȊȈȧ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǴȖȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ ǶȚȌȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȦ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ — șȕȖ-
ȊȈ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ǻȒȘȈȓȐ ȍȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȖȉȔȈȕȖȔ ǴȖȍ
ȓȐȞȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — ȥȚȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ — ȖȌȕȈ
ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȘȈȕȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȎȐȓȈ ȕȍ ȎȐȓȈ Ȉ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȖȧ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȈ —
ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ǪȍȘȕȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȦ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ ǴȖȦ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ
ǰșȚȍȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȓȈȟ ȏȈȋȓțȠȐȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȓȖȔȈȧ
ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȖȕȈ șȕȖȊȈ țȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ǴȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȕȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ
ȒȈȒ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȣȍ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȈ ȚȐȝȐȑ
șȔȍȝ ȐȌȐȖȚȒȐ ȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȘȈȏȌȐȘȈȦȡȐȔ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧȔ șțȔȈșȠȍȌ-
Ƞȍȑ ǴȖȘȖȏ ȗȘȖȕȐȏȣȊȈȓ ȔȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ǫȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ ȖȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓȈșȤ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȓ ȗȓȈȟțȡȍȑ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȚȤ
ȍȍ Ȑ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȚȤ ȚȐȝȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
— ǺȐȠȍ ȉțȌȤ Ȏȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔȕȈ ȖȗȖȔȕȐșȤ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ, —
ȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ǭșȚȤ ǵȍȒȚȖ ȒȚȖ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȕȈȠȐ șȓȍȏȣ Ȑ ȏȕȈȍȚ
Ȟȍȕț ȕȈȠȐȝ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȊ ǺȊȖȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ȚȈȔ
ȋȌȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȏȈȉȖȚ ȕȐ ȗȍȟȈȓȍȑ ȋȌȍ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ȖȉȕȐȔȍȚ Ȑ țȚȍ-
ȠȐȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȓȐ Ȑ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐ ȖȚȌȈȊȠȐșȤ ȊȖȓȍ
ǭȋȖ
— ǴȖȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ ǴȖȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȈ ǨȕȚȖ-
ȕȐȧ Ȋșȍ ȚȐȠȍ Ȑ ȚȐȠȍ
ǹ ȋȓțȝȐȔ ȗȓȈȟȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȓȖȔȓȍȕȕȈȧ țȗȈȓȈ ȋȘț-
ȌȤȦ ȕȈ șȊȖȐ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ șȒȘȍȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ
Ȉ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓȈ Ȋ șȍȌȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȕȈ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȍ
ǶȕȈ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ ȊșȍȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ Ȑ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȑ șȓȍȏ ȗȓȈȟ

ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȓ Ȑ ȌȍȘȋȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȍȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ ǰ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍȔȖȑ ȔțȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ȟȍȔ ȚȖșȒȈ Ȋ ȍȍ ȒȘȐȒȍ ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ șȎȐȔȈȓȖșȤ ǫȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȓȍȕȧȝ ț ȍȍ ȕȖȋ Ȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȍȍ ȚȐȝȖ ȠȍȗȟȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
— ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȧ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȕȈ ȒȐȊȕțȓȈ ȕȈȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȘȖșȧ
ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȕȣ țȠȓȐ
Ǵȣ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȍșȚȤ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ — șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ǸȖȑȒȖ — ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ Ȑȝ ȊȈȔ"
— ǵȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ — șȍȑȟȈș ȖȕȐ ȕȍ
ȗȖȔȖȋțȚ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȧȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ șȈȔȈ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚșȧ ȇ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȐȌț ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ Ȓ ȊȈȔ Ȑ ȒșȚȈȚȐ
ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȦ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȓȐ ȧ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȈȔ Ȋ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖȑ
ǰ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȏȈȕȧȚȈȧ ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȍȑ

62
ȚȖ ȏȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȥȚȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ
ǸȖȑȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȋȘȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ — ǰșȚȐȕ-
ȕȈȧ șȍșȚȘȈ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȐȧ
— ȅȚȖ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȑ ȚȐȗ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑȏ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ.
— ǰ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȘȖȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȍșȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ ǶȕȈ șȈȔȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȣșȚȘȈȌȈȓȈ
ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȐȓȈ Ȑ ȉȍȌȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ șȒȖȘȉȤ ǶȕȈ ȊȌȖȊȈ ȘȣȉȈȒȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ǷȐȒȈȘȌȐȐ ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȓȈ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȕȣȍ ȍȑ ȒȈȗȓȐ
— Ǫȣ ȗȖȗȈȓȐ Ȓ ȕȈȔ Ȋ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ
ȖȕȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ — ȅȚȈ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȚȈȒȈȧ
ȠțȔȕȈȧ ȅȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ș ȕȍȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ ǶȕȈ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ǸȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ Ȋȣ-
ȌȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȏȈ ȕȍȓȦȉȐȔȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǶȉȣȒȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȋȈȚ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȔ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȈȚ Ȑ ȍȑ Ȑ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȖȟȕȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ȖȕȐ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗ ȕȍȑ
ǵȖ ȍȍ ȎȍȘȚȊȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖȑ ǴțȎ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȘȖȋțȓȧȓ
șȊȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ȑ ȍȍ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ țȔȍȘȓȐ Ȋ ȕțȎȌȍ ȕȍ ȌȖȎȌȈȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȖȚ șțȘȖȊȖȋȖ ȏȧȚȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȔțȟȐȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖșȗȈ Ȑ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȍ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ
ǪșȦ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȈ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȓȈȊȟȖȕȒȍ ȕȈ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ
țȓȐȞȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȖȑ șȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ 1o-
tre-'DPH ǴțȎ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȓșȧ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȖ-
ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȑ șȍȉȧ Dz ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȦ ǩȖȋ ȕȍ ȌȈȓ ȍȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ǭș-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȥȚȖ ȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȋȖ ȎȐȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȐȔȍȓȈ ȉȣ țȚȍ-
ȠȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌț Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȓȍȓȍȧȓȈ ȉȣ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ
șȍȘȌȞȈ ȉȍȏȘȈșșțȌȕțȦ ȔȣșȓȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ș ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
șȚȈȓȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ idée fixe* ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ șȒȈȓȖȑ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȍȍ
ȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȘȈȏțȔ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȘȈȏȉȐȓșȧ, ȒȈȒ ȘȣȉȈȞȒȈȧ ȓȖȌȒȈ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈ LGpH IL[H" — ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ ȧ
— ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖ — șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ —
șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȕȖ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȧ
* ɇɚɜɹɡɱɢɜɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ (ɮɪ.).
ǿ

64
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȖȑ ș ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓ
ȏȕȈȒȖȔ ȖȌȐȕ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȖȎȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ țȝȈȎȐȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ dzȦȉȐȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȍȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȕȖ ȍȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȈ ȖșȖȉȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȘȐșȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȉȍȓȖ-ȘȖȏȖȊȖȔ ȒȐșȍȑȕȖȔ ȗȓȈ-
ȚȤȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ șȖȓȖȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȜȓȖ-
ȘȍȕȚȐȑșȒȖȑ ȠȓȧȗȒȍ ș ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȍȘȤȧȔȐ Ȋ ȈȚȓȈșȕȣȝ Țț-
ȜȍȓȤȒȈȝ ȏȈșȚȍȋȕțȚȣȝ ȗȖ ȈȎțȘȕȣȔ ȟțȓȖȟȒȈȔ ȕȈȒȘȍșȚ ȘȖȏȖ-
ȊȣȔȐ ȓȍȕȚȖȟȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ș ȘȈȉȖȟȍȑ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȒȖȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ
DzȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȥȚȈ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȝȖ-
ȘȖȠȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȕȈ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈ ȕȍȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
țȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ǬȖȓȋȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȑ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȐșȈȓ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ, ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ
ȊȣȠȓȈ ȏȈȔțȎ ǪȍșȤ ȚȖȚ ȕȈȘȧȌ ȖȕȈ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȘȖȋțȦ
ȘȍȓȐȒȊȐȦ Ȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ Ȗ ȔȐȕțȚȈȝ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȤȠȍȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ șȓȣȝȈȓȈ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȍ Ȗȕ șȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ Ȑ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ǫ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȑ
ȕțȎȌȍ Ȋ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȔ țȕȐȎȍȕȐȐ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ țȚȍȠȈȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȕȈȗȘȈș-
ȕȖȑ ȔȍȟȚȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊșȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȍȍ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ Ȗ ȕȍȔ
ǶȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȉțȌȍȚ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȊȚȖ-
ȘȧȓȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȏțșȚȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȔțȎ ȍȍ țȔȍȘ ȍȑ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȐȕțȚȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȚȈȒ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȒ
ȏȈșȓțȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȓȋȐȔȐ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ
ǩȍȌȕȈȧ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ ǶȕȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȈ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒț ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȐȏȊȍ-
ȡȈȧ ȍȋȖ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȐ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȓȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȖȕȈ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ
ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ
ǶȕȈ ȊȣȕțȓȈ Ȑȏ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȣ șȊȖȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȘȍȓȐȒȊȐȐ
ȖȌȍȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȓȖȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȒȐșȍȑȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȕȈ
ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈȌȍȓȈ ȜȓȖȘȍȕȚȐȑșȒțȦ Ƞȓȧȗț — ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȊșȦ
ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȖșȚȤ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȐȏȔȧȚțȦ Ȑ ȏȈȗȣȓȍȕȕțȦ ȏȈȊȧȏȈȓȈ ȕȈ-
ȒȘȍșȚ ȗȖ ȈȎțȘȕȣȔ ȟțȓȖȟȒȈȔ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȓȍȕȚȖȟȒȐ ȚțȜȍȓȍȒ Ȑ ȕȈ
ȘțȒț ȊȏȧȓȈ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȒț ș ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓȈ ȕȐ șȚȍȎȒȈ
ǺȈȒ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȖȔ
ȕȖ ȗȖșȚȈȘȍȊȠȍȔ ȖȉȌȍȘȋȈȕȕȖȔ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ ȕȈ ȐȏȔȖȎ-
ȌȍȕȕȖȔ ȐșȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ Ȑ ȕțȎȌȖȑ Țȍȓȍ Ȋșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȘ-

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ȡȐȕȈȝ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȈȧ șȔȍȠȕȈȧ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȖ
ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ ǩȖȋȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋ ȚȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ
ȍȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȊȠȍȍșȧ Ȑ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ǩȖȋ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȖȕȈ
ȝȊȈȚȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȉȍȏțȔȐȐ ȏȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȚȤșȧ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǩȍȌȕȈȧ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ
ǽțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ǩȖȋȖȔ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȍ șȔȍȝȖȚȊȖȘ-
ȕȖșȚȤ șțȔȈșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ǻȎȈșȕȣȑ ȊȏȘȣȊ ȝȖȝȖȚȈ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓ ȍȍ ȖȚ ȊȓȍȒțȡȐȝ ȔȍȟȚȈȕȐȑ Ȗ
șȟȈșȚȤȍ ǺȖȟȕȖ ȚȍȘȧȧ ȘȈșșțȌȖȒ ȖȕȈ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
țȊȐȌȍȓȈ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȖȕȈ
ȉȣȓȈ — Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊșȚȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ Ȋșȧ ȍȍ țȚȘȈȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ
țȗȈȊȠȈȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȕț Ȋșȧ ȉȍȏȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȕȖ ȔȐȕțȊȠȈȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ
ǰ ȥȚȖ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ț ȕȍȍ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȓȐȠȐȓȖ ȍȍ ȘȈȏțȔȈ
ǭȍ ȖȠȐȉȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȐșȒȈȓȈ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ
ȎȍȓȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ ȊșȍȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ șȊȖȐȔ șȚȘȍȔȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— Ǫșȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȦȚ Ȗ ȕȍȔ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ
— Ȑ ȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȈ ǩȖȋț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȈȓ ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȚȤ ȒȘȈȚ-
ȒȐȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ǵȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈ
Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍșȚȐ ȗȖȋȖȕȍȑ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ǷȖȓȖ-
ȎȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ǩȖȎȤȦ ȊȖȓȦ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ șȊȖȐ șȚȘȈȌȈ-
ȕȐȧ — ȊȖȚ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȈȍȚ ȕȈȠȐ
șȒȖȘȉȐ ȓȍȟȐȚ ȕȈȠȐ ȘȈȕȣ Ȑ ȊȍȌȍȚ ȕȈș ȗȖ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȔț ȗțȚȐ
— ȇ ȊȐȎț — ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȌȍȓȐȒȈȚȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — Ȋȣ
șȈȔȐ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȓȐ"
— DzȚȖ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȓ" — ȚȐȝȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ș ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ
ȋȘțșȚȤȦ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȈȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
— Ǫȣ ȊȌȖȊȈ — Ȕȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȊȈȠ șȖșȍȌ
Ȋȣ ȍȡȍ șȔȖȓȖȌț ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ ȔțȎȈ"
— ǬȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȏȈȉȓȍșȚȍȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ Ȕȍȟ-
ȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȝ ȊȖșȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ Ȗ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ țȚȘȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ
— Ƕȕ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȗȖȋȐȉ țȎȈșȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ" — ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȖ
ȊȣșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȧ
ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ Ȑȏ ȍȍ
țșȚ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚ-

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șȚȊȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȈȔȖȑ
— ǻȚȖȕțȓ" Ǵȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ Ǩȝ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȟț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȕȈȧ șȚȐȝȐȧ — ȔȖȘȍ
— ȅȚȖ șȚȐȝȐȧ ȔȖȡȕȈȧ — ȚȐȝȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȋȖȘȍ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȧ ȖȌȕȈ țȏȕȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȌȖȊ Ȑ
șȐȘȖȚ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȚȈȔ ț ȕȈș ȊȖȌȈ ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ
ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ — Ȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȚȈȔ ț ȍȋȖ
ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǶȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȓȖ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȔțȎȍȑ șȣȕȖȊȍȑ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ
ȕȖ Ȕȣ ȚȖșȒțȍȔ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȍșȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȎȐȚȤ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ
ȕȍȋȖ ǺȈȒ țȎ ȕȈș ǩȖȋ șȖȏȌȈȓ Ǵȣ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȔ ȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȒȖȑ ȊȖȌȍ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈȍȚ ȕȈș Ȑ ȎȐȊȐȚ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȈȍȔ Ȓ
ȕȍȑ ȊșȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ
— Ǩ ȒȈȒ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ș ȊȈȠȐȔ ȔțȎȍȔ" —
șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
ǫȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ
ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȟȍȕ ȍȑ ǶȕȈ
șȍȓȈ ȕȈ șȚțȓ ȗȖȌ ȖȒȕȖȔ
— DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" — ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ —
ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ Ǵȣ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ
ȎȐȓȐ ș ȔțȎȍȔ Ȋ DzȈȑȨ Ǫȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ DzȈȑȨ" DzȈȑȨ-șȦȘ-
ǴȍȘ Ȋ ǷȐȒȈȘȌȐȐ" ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȔȍșȚȍȟȒȖ ȕȈ ȗȍșȒȈȝ ȕȖ ȔȐȓȖȍ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ Ǵȣ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȌȖȔȐȒ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ ȏȍȔȓȐ
ȗȖȌ ȒȈȘȚȖȜȍȓȍȔ Ȑ șȈȌȐȒ ǷȍȚȘ ȚȈȒ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȞȊȍȚȣ ǺȈȒ ȏȊȈȓȐ
ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȈ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȘȣȉȈȒ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȕȧȓ ȋȖș-
ȗȖȌȐȕ ǩȍȓȤȜȖȘ dzȖȌȒȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȈȧ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ — Ȑ
ȖȕȐ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȇ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋȣ-
ȟȐșȚȐȓȈ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ șȈȌ Ǫșȍ ț ȕȈș șȊȍ-
ȚȐȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȖȊȖȍ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ
ȔțȎȈ ǯȈȎȋȓȈ ȧ ȓȈȔȗț ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȈ țȎȐȕ ǮȌț-ȎȌț ȔțȎ
ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖțȎȐȕȈȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑ șȍȓȈ ȗȘȧșȚȤ
ǵȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȉȣȓ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȕȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈ-
ȒȐȝ ȖȗȈșȍȕȐȑ ȔȖȘȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȏȓȣȔ ȇ ȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȖȒȕȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ șȗȍȠȐȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȟȈșȖȊȍȕ-
Ȓț ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȔȖȓȐȔșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȓȖȌȒȐ ș ȕȈȠȐȔȐ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȔȐ ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉțȘȐ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ Ǫȣ ȕȈ-
ȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȊȐȌȈȓȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȟȈșȖȊȕȐ ț ȕȈș ȐȓȐ Ȋ ǩȘȍȚȈȕȐ ȋȌȍ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȈȓȚȈȘȍȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȐșȐȚ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȓȖȌȖȟȒȈ" ǰȚȈȒ ȧ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȗȓȈȡȈȝ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȕȈȠȍ-

67
ȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȈ ǰ
ȗȘȧȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑ ȧ ȊȏȧȓȈ șȊȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȡ — Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ
ȕȖșȧȚ ț ȕȈș — Ȑ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȗȖȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ DzȖȋȌȈ
ȧ ȌȖȠȓȈ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ țȓȐȞȣ ȚȈȔ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȒțȟȒȖȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȍ-
Țȍȑ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȊ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡț ©ǯȕȈȍȠȤ,
ǩȍȓȤȜȖȘ ȗȖȋȐȉª ǻșȓȣȠȈȊ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȦ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ țȍȝȈȓ ȔȖȑ ȔțȎ ȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȈ
ȔȈȓȖ ȓȐ ȟȍȋȖ ȌȍȚȐ ȕȍ șȒȈȎțȚ ǰ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ Ȋ
ȟȈșȖȊȕȦ șȊȍȘȕțȓȈ Ȓ ȌȖȔȐȒț ȏȈȔțȎȕȍȑ șȍșȚȘȣ
ȇ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ țȎȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȕȈ ȌțȠȍ ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȍȍ ȔțȎ Ȑ șȣȕ șȐȌȍȓȐ
ț șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȐ ǶȕȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ șȚțȗȐȚȤ ȠȈȋȈ ȕȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȈ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȓȈȟțȚ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ șȈȔȈ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍ șȈȔȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȦ — ȒȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȚȊȖȧ ȘȈȕȈ ǩȣȓȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȈ ȘȈȕȈ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȧ șȚȈȓȈ ȊȌȖȊȖȑ
ǺȈȒ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȔȖȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ țȎȍ ȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȕțȦ ȊȍșȚȤ ȋȖȘȧ ȖȕȐ șȖȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȎȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ©Ǵȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȈ
ȓȖȌȒȈ ǵȍ ȐȡȐ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȎȌȐª ǰ ȧ ȕȍ ȐșȒȈȓȈ țȎȍ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȎȌȈȓȈ ȕȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȧ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓȈ șȍȉȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ǰ ȧ țȝȈȎȐ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȏȈ șȈȌȖȔ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȓȈ ȓȈȔȗț Ȑ șȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȍȍ
ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ șȐȎȐȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȟȐȚȈȧ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ Ȋ ǺȘȍȗȖ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȚȘțȗȈ ȇ ȗȖȠȓȈ
ȚțȌȈ ǷȖ ȖȌȍȎȌȈȔ țȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȔțȎȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ ȕȍȚ ǭȋȖ ȚȈȒ
Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȎȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȌț ȕȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȊȧȚȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȧ ȖȚșȓțȎȐȓȈ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ
ȏȈțȗȖȒȖȑȕțȦ ȓȐȚțȘȋȐȦ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȗȖ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȖȉȣȟȈȦ
ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȒȘțȞȐȜȐȒș* Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȝ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȏȈȎȋȓȐ șȊȍȟȐ ȏȈ-
șȚȓȈȓȐ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȖȔ ș ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȉțȌȚȖ
ȓȍȎȈȓ ȚȈȔ țȔȍȘȠȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ Ȑ șȖșȍȌȒȐ
Ȑ ȘȖȌȕȣȍ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȓȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ț ȋȘȖȉȈ Ȉ țȝȖȌȧ ȒȘȖ-
ȗȐȓ șȊȧȚȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ
* Ɋɚɫɩɹɬɢɟ

68
ǺȈȒ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȓȐ Ȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ-ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȐ ȝȖȚȧ ȊȖȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȚ-
ȌȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȔ ǵȖ Ȑ ȍȍ ȊȍȌȤ șȖȏȌȈȓ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ǩȖȋ Ȑ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Ȑ
ȖȕȈ ǫȖșȗȖȌȕȧ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȏȍȔȓȧ Ȉ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȍ"
dzȖȌȒȈ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ȓȍȚ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȈȧ șȍȚȤ ȘȣȉȈȒȈ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȍȍ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ǵȖ
Ȕȍȕȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋ DzȈȑȨ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȌȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȍ ȊșȍȋȖ
ȔȖȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔțȎȈ țȔȍȘ ȧ țȍȝȈ-
ȓȈ — Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ǷȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȕȣ
Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȍȡȍ șȕȐȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȈ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȚȈȔ
ȘȈȏȉȐȚȈȧ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȔȍȎȌț șȒȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ ǰ ȠțȔ
Țȍȝ ȊȖȓȕ ȧ ȟȈșȚȖ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȊȖ șȕȍ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȈȓȈșȤ
șȍȘȌȞȍ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȉȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȖ ȉȤȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚ
ȚȖșȒȐ Ȑ șȒȖȘȉȐ Ǫȣ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȍ" Ǵȕȍ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǺțȌȈ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȧ țȎȍ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȍȌț ǿȚȖ Ȏ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ — Ȕȣ ȐȌȍȔ ȗȖ ȗțȚȧȔ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȓ ǩȖȋ
ǫȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȓȈ ț ȟȍȗȞȈ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȏȧȓȈ șȒȓȧȕȖȟȒț ș ȒȈȗȓȧȔȐ
ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȗȘȖșȚȐȓȈșȤ ș ȕȈȔȐ țȓȣȉ-
ȒȖȑ Ȑ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ǵȣ ș ǸȖȑȒȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ
ȌȘțȋȈ — Ȑ ș ȔȐȕțȚț ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȟȓȐ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
ȖȌȐȕ ț ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ, ȟȍȔ Ȕȣ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ Ǿȍȓȍ-
șȚȐȕȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ
— ǰȏȊȐȕȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ǸȖȑȒȖ — ȧ țȎȍ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȕȐȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȎțșȤ ǽȖȚȍȓȈ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȟȍȋȖ
Ȉ șȈȔȈ ȉȖȓȚȈȦ-ȉȖȓȚȈȦ Ȑ țȑȌȧ Ȋ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȤ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȦ Ȗ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȐȝ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ-
șȚȧȝ
— Ǵȕȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȌȖȉȘȈȧ Ȋȣ ȔȖȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǸȖȑ-
ȒȖ ǵȖ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȊȍȘȚȍȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȍ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ șȚȍȘȓȈ ȏȌȍșȤ
Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȚȘȧȗȖȟȒȖȑ ȗȣȓȤ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȚȖȘȐȟȕȖȋȖ țȊȍȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȖȕȈ țȠȓȈ șȖȊșȍȔ
ǸȖȑȒȖ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȕȈ ȖȉȍȐȝ ȡȍȒȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȐ
ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȟȕȖ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ — Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ

69
— ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ — ș ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȊȖȏȉțȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȍȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȉȖȋȈȚȖ ȗȘȍȒ-
ȘȈșȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȈ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȘȍȟȤ
ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ șȓȖȊ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ǵȖ Ȋ șȚȈȌȐȐ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ
ȕȣȕȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ Ȕȣ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȏȕȈȚȤ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȖȉ-
ȘȍȓȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȑ șȐȓȣ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ Ȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ Ȑș-
ȚȐȕȕȖȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ȖȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȕȤ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊ-
șȚȊȐȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ǵȣȕȍȠȕȍȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ
șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț
Ȑ ȖȕȖ ȌȖȑȌȍȚ ȌȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ ȐȌȍȈȓȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȈȔȖ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȘȈșȗȕȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȒȘȍșȚȍ Ȑ șȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓț ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊșȚȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ Ȍȓȧ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȐțȔȜȈ Ȑ șȓȈȊȣ
ǸȖȌ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȈȒȖȊ Ȗȕ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȍ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȍȑ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȋȌȍ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȣȕȍ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-
șȚȐ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖșȚȐ — Ȗȕ ȥȚȖȑ ȉțȌțȡȍȑ șȚȈȌȐȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ
ȐȓȐ, ȓțȟȠȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȊȍȘȝȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȐȌȍȈȓȈ ȕȍ ȌȖ-
șȚȐȋȕȍȚ șȖȊșȍȔ
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȍțȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ
ȌțȠț ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȣ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȑȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȗȓȈ-
ȕȍȚț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȈȔ șȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȊȖșșȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȉ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȉȍȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȚȘțȗ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ-ȏȍȔȓȐ ȊȣȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȘȉȐ-
Țȣ ȐșȟȍȏȕȍȚ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ Ȕȋȓȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȋȈșȠȍȋȖ șȖȓȕ-
ȞȈ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȏȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ
Ƕȕ țșȚȈȓȖ ȏȈȔȖȓȒ ȇ șȓțȠȈȓ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ǹ ȟȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȐȓșȧ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȗ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ"
ǩȣȓȖ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍȔ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍ-
șȚȤȦ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȐ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȣ"
ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț
—ǰȊȣ —șȒȈȏȈȓȧ —ȊȣȕȍȊȍȘȐȚȍȊǩȖȋȈȊȣ—șȖșȊȖȍȑ
ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȈȎȌȖȑ ȐȌȍȈȓȈ"
— ǶșȚȈȊȤȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ țȑȌȐȚȍ ȧ ȝȖȟț șȗȈȚȤ — ȋȘțȉȖ
ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ țșȚȈȓ ȟȍȋȖ Ȋȣ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȝȖȚȐ-
Țȍ"ȇ ȊșȚȈȓ

— Ǫȣ șȖȝȕȍȚȍ ȖȚ ȎȈȎȌȣ ȊȍȘȣ — ȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȖȕȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȈȏȈȌ — ǯȈ ȗȘȍ-
ȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ — ȕȍȗȘȍȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ — ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȚȐȝȖ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ
Ȗȕ — ȊȖȚ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȖȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ǩȖȋȖȔ ǸȈȌȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȧșȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȓȦȌȐ Ȗȉ-
ȓȍȒȈȦȚ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȍ-
ȘȖȊ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȋ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȑ Ȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȍȘȣ
ǵȖ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚȍ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ" — ȋȕȍȊȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȐ-
ȟȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ" ǻ ȊȈș ȍșȚȤ ȊȍȘȈ" ǽȖȘȖȠȖ
ǵț Ȑ ȊȍȘțȑȚȍ — Ȑ ȕȍ ȖșȓȈȉȓȧȑȚȍ ȍȍ țȋȓțȉȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ
ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǶȗȈșȕȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖ
Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș șȈȔȖȋȖ
ȇ ȏȕȈȓ Ȋ ǴȍȒșȐȒȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȟțȌȈȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȗȖȎȍȓȈȓ țȊȐȌȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȣ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȉȖȋȈȚ Ȑ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ
ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȚȈȔ ȏȈ ȔȖȘȍȔ ǷȘȐ
ȗȖȔȖȡȐ Ȍȍȕȍȋ Ȑ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐȝ ȜȖȘȚȍȓȍȑ Ȗȕ ȌȖȉȐȓșȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȋȖ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ǭȔț țșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȣ Ƕȕ
ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȔ ȋȘȖȉț Ȉ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȊȠȐȍ Ȗȉ
ȥȚȖȔ ȖȉȔȈȕȍ ȗȍȓȐ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȍșȕȐ ǰ ȊȖȚ Ȗȕ
ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȉȘȧȌȈ țȔȍȘ
Ǫȣ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȐșșȓȍȌțȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȉȍȘȍ-
ȋȐȚȍșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ș ȚȍȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȊȌț-
ȔȣȊȈȧșȤ ȟȘȍȏȔȍȘȕȖ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖșȚȖȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȈ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȏȈȊȧȏȕțȚȤ
Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȋ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȍ ǬȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȗȣȓȈȦȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȍ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȍ
ȉȐȍȕȐȍ ȗțȓȤșȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȔ ȉȍș-
ȞȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔ Ȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔț ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȦ șȊȧȏȐ Ȋ ȍȋȖ
ȘȍȟȐ ǵȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȧ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-
ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȖȔ șȚȘȈȝȍ Ȑ ș ȗȘȖȟȕȣȔ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖșȍȡȈȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ș ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ
ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐȏȖȘȈ Ȋ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ Ȑ ȧ țȗȘȖșȐȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȘț-
ȋȈ ǨȕȈȚȖȓȧ ȊȘȈȟȈ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȗȣȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȔ ȉȣȓ ȧ șȈȔ
ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȏȈȕȧȓșȧ ȐȔ ȕȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ

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ȕȈȚȖȓȤ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ǸȖȑȒȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȊȍșȚȐ Ȗ ȕȍȔ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞț Ȑ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȦ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȔȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ ȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȖȗțȚ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȔț Ȋ ȌȖȔ ©ȗȖȌ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª ȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȒ-
ȚȖȘȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓȐ ǸȖȑȒȖ Ȑ ȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ Ƕȕ șȓȈȉȍȓ Ȑ ȋȐȉ
ȕȈ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ țȔȐȘȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ Țȍȓȍș-
ȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ
ǨȕȈȚȖȓȤ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȓțȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȓ
Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȐ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȐȧ ȒȈȒȖȍ Ȗȕ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȓ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐ Ȑȕ-
ȚȍȘȍșȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț
șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț Ǫ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ǨȕȈȚȖȓȧ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȉȣȓ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕțȦ ȈȕȚȐȗȈ-
ȚȐȦ Ȑ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧșȤ ȌȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍ șȖȊ-
șȍȔ șȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȥȚȖ ǰ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ǨȕȈȚȖȓȤ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓ șȊȖȐ
ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȇ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐ-
ȋȓȈșȐȓ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȟȈ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕȐȞț ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
— ȇ țȔȘț ț șȍȉȧ ȌȖȔȈ — ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ
ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ ǿȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋȖȑ —
șțȔȍȍȚȍ Ȑ Ȋȣ ǺȈȒ ȉțȌȤȚȍ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ șȈȔȐ ȔȖȐȔ ȌȖȒȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȚȒȈȎțșȤ ȖȚ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕșȒȖȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ.
ǶȕȉȣȓțȗȘȧȔȐȧțșȚțȗȐȓȍȔțȊȥȚȖȔȚȈȒȎȍȒȈȒȐȊ
ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȊȍȡȈȝ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȣȊȈȚȤ ȊȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȟȈș-
ȚȣȔ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȣȔ ȋȖșȚȍȔ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ©ȗȖȌ țȚȖȗȈȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȌȖȔ ȏȕȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț Ȕȍȕȧ
ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȒȈȒ șȊȖȍȋȖ Țȍ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȧ ȟȈ-
ȡȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓșȧ
ǹȓțȟȈȦ ȉȣȓȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȧ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȐȓșȧ Ȑ ș ȚȖȑ ȉȍȌȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȓȈ-
ȒȈȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȘțȉȐȧȕ ȌȍȘȏȒȖ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȍȍ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ
ȇ șȐȌȍȓ ț ǸȖȑȒȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȍ-
ȟȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ
Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȓȍȌ-
ȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȘțȗ
— ǸȈȌȐ ǩȖȋȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ — ȏȈȌȣȝȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȘȐ-
ȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ǹȒȖȘȍȍ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȚȐ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ
Ǩ

72
ǶȕȈ țȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȉ ȧ ȗȖșȗȍ-
ȠȐȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț ȗȖȌ ©ȒȓȍȚȒȖȑ ȐȌȐȖ-
ȚȖȒª
ǺȈȔ Ȕȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ șȊȍȚȓȖȊȖȓȖșȖȋȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȈșȈȊȟȐȒȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ țȎȍ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȣ ȚȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȉȣȓ ȊȏȉȍȠȍȕ Ȉ ȘțȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȗȕ Ȋȣ-
ȚȐȘȈȓ ȕȖșȖȊȣȔ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȐșȗȈȟȒȈȕȣ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
— ǩȍȌȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ Ȑ ȏȈȠȈȚȈȓȈșȤ
— ǩȍȌȈ Ƕȕ țȉȐȓ ȍȍ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ țȉȐȓ ȥȚț ȉȍȌȕțȦ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȦ
ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȍȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȥȚȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȚȐȠȐ-
ȕȈǴȣ ȊȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ țȎȍ
șȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ȝȓȖȗȈȕȤȍ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȣȍ ȠȈȋȐ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖ-
Ȏȍȕȕȣȝ ȎȐȓȤȞȖȊ șȉȍȎȈȓșȧ ȊȍșȤ ȌȖȔ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȈ ǪȐȘ-
ȋȐȕȐȍȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț Ȋ ȐȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ș ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ Ȋ
ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ șȖ șȓȍȌȈȔȐ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ Ƞȍȍ Ȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ǶȕȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȉȍȏ ȟțȊșȚȊ ȇ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȕȈȗȍ ǫȖș-
ȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ șȔȈȟȐȊȈȓȈ ȍȑ ȊȖȌȖȦ ȊȐșȒȐ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȧ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȚȖȓȗȐȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ
ȌȊȍȘȧȝ ȎȐȓȤȞȖȊ ȌȖȔȈ
— ǷȘȖȋȖȕȐȚȍ Ȑȝ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ — ȉȣȓȐ ȍȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ
șȓȖȊȈ — ǫȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ ȏȈȗȘȐȚȍ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ǵȕȍ șȌȍȓȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȌțȘȕȖ ȇ țȗȈȓȈ ǷȖȘȈȕȐȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȌȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ǫȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȈ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȘȖșȧ șȖȉȘȈȊ-
ȠȐȝșȧ ȘȈȏȖȑȚȐșȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȦ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȧ ȐșȗȣȚțȦȡȍ ȗȈșȔțȘȕȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ
Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǻȔȘț" — ȚȐȝȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ
— ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȦ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ — ǵȍȚ ǸȈȕȣ ȕȍȋȓțȉȖȒȐ
— ǮȈȓȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ȅȚȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ Ȋ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȞȍȓțȦ
ȉȍȏȌȕț șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȧ
— Ƕȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȉȐȚȤ ȊȈș" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ
— DzȚȖ" ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȗȈȓȈ — ȗȘȖ-
ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓȈ Ȋ ȏȈȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȧ
— ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȏȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȋȖș-
ȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ — Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ Ȋȣȉȍ-

73
ȎȈȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
— dzȍȖȕ" — ș ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȧ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȌȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȝȊȈȚȈȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒț — Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȌȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ ǬȈȎȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ
țȔȍȘȓȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ǻȔȖȓȧȦ ȊȈș DzȖȔț ȒȈȒȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ
ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȌȈȎȍ Ȗȕ țȉȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ" ȅȚȖ ȔȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȉ Ȉ Ȉ ȧ ȝȖ-
ȚȍȓȈ ȉȣ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ
ǶȕȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȗȖșȐȕȍȊȠȐȝ ȊȍȒ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ
șȓȍȏȣ
ǴȐȕțȚț Ȕȣ ȗȘȖșȚȖȧȓȐ ș ȋȖșȗȖȎȖȑ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȖȑ Ȋ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȕȐȐ ȘȈșȚȘȖȋȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȍ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȋȓțȝȈȧ
ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ǪȌȘțȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȍȚȤ ȗȚȐȞȈ șȓȈȌȒȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȖ Ȕȍȟ-
ȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȇ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȚțȌȈ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȕȍșȓȖșȤ ȗȍȕȐȍ ȗȚȐȞȈ
șȐȌȍȓȈ Ȋ ȒȓȍȚȒȍ ț ȖȒȕȈ ȏȈȘȖșȠȍȋȖ șȕȐȏț ȌȖȊȍȘȝț șȖȟȕȖȑ ȓȐ-
șȚȊȖȑ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȈșȕȖ-ȞȊȍȚțȡȍȋȖ ȊȤȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȖȒȕȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ
ȌȖȔ ©ȗȖȌ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ — ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ©ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȕȈȧ
ȗȖȥȏȐȧª ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȟȐ-
șȚȖȑ ȓȐȓȐȐ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȟțȌȖȔ ȊȣȘȖșȠȍȑ Ȑȏ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȚ-
ȒȖȊ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȐȎșȒȖȋȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ Ȋ șȒȈȏȒȍ Ȑȏ
ȘțȐȕ ȖȉȊȈȓȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȏȈȔȒȈ Ǩ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȍ-

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șȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȍȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȕȐȡȈȧ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȈȧ ȏȈȓȐȚȈȧ
ȒȘȖȊȤȦ Ȑ ȘȖȕȧȦȡȈȧ șȓȍȏȣ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȘȐȔȖȍ șȖșȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍ ǵȖ ȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȖȗȖȔȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ ȖȚ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȑ Ȓ Ȍȍȓț ǹ ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ
ȋȖșȗȖȎȐ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȣ ȧ ȖȉȔȣȓ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȈȓ ȘȈȕȣ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȐ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐ ȕȐ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȣ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȋȖșȗȖȎț ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕț ȗȖȉȣȚȤ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ ȗȖȒȈ
ȧ ȊȍȘȕțșȤ
ȇ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠțȦ ȈȗȚȍȒț ȒțȗȐȓ Ȋșȍ, ȟȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ Ȍȓȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȒȐ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ
ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ǶȕȈ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ țșȕțȓȈ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ
ȉțȌȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓȈȌȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȤȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȋȖȘȍșȚȍȑ ȇ ȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ǸȖȑȒȖ Ȉ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ ȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȌȖȔț
țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȧ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȎȐȓȤȞȖȊ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȧ ȐȔ ȟȚȖ Ȍȍ-
ȓȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ Ȋ țȉȐȑșȚȊȍ Ȉ Ȋ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȋȘțȉȖȔ ȖȉȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ Ȑ
ȗȘȖșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗțșȚȖȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕțȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȍȕȤ Ȉ șȈȔȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ — ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȚșȧ
ǰȌȧ ȖȚ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȠȍȓ Ȓ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȐ ǶȕȈ țȎȍ ȕȍ șȗȈ-
ȓȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȈ ȕȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȈ ǭȍ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȕȕȣȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ țȔȖȓȧȦȡȍ Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ
ȖȕȈ ȝȖȟȍȚ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȇ șȍȓ ț ȍȍ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ
Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȊȣȕțȊ ȟȈșȣ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȗțȓȤș ȌȈ-
ȊȈȧ ȍȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ
ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ — ȕȍșȔȍȓȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȚȈȒ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ
dzȍȖȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȉȍȋȈȓ Ȑȏ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ" ǷȖȖȉȍȡȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ
ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ Ǩ ȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ șȍȑȟȈș ȉțȌȍȚ
șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ — Ȑ dzȍȖȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖșȚȐȟȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȐȍ
— ǶȉȍȡȈȦ Țȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌț ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȝȖ-
ȟȍȠȤ ȕȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ǯȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Țȍ-
ȉȧ ȉȐȓ"
— Ƕȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȇ ȖȚȌȈȓȈ ȍȔț Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȓȈ ȕȖ ȍȔț
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȈȓȖ Ƕȕ ȉȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȈȓȖ ȏȈȘȈȉȈȚȣ-
ȊȈȦ Ǩ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȧ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȈ Ȑ șȚȈȘȍȦ?
ǶȕȈ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— Ǩ ȏȈȟȍȔ Țȣ ȌȈȍȠȤ ȍȔț ȌȍȕȤȋȐ" — ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȓȦ-

75
ȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— dzȦȉȓȦ ȍȋȖ — ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ țȎȍ ș ȕȍșȒȘȣȊȈȍȔȣȔ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ǶȕȈ
șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓȈ
— ȇ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȕȈȧ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȈȧ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȧ —
șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȕȖ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȍȋȖ ȇ șȚȈȘȈȧ Ȑ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ Ȗȕ —
ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ — ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȍȋȖ dzȦȌȐ șȔȍȦȚșȧ ȕȈȌȖ
ȔȕȖȑ ǿȍȔ Ȏȍ ȧ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȈ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ șȖșȚȈȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȉ ȓȦȉȓȦ
— Ȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǬȈ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ƕȕ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ
ȓȦȉȐȚ — ǩȖȋ ȔȖȑ ȌȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȐȕȈȟȍ" Ƕȕ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȒȘȈ-
șȐȊȣȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ șȝȖȌȧȚ ȗȖ ȕȍȔț ș țȔȈ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȝȖȟȍȚ
Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ Ȑ ȌȈȦ ȍȔț Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȍȔț ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ ȇ
ȖȚȌȈȦ ȍȔț Ȋșȍ-Ȋșȍ ȝȖȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ șȈȔȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ
ȇ țȕȐȎȈȦșȤ ȗȘȖȌȈȦșȤ ȏȈȗȖȏȌȈȊȠȐȔ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȗȤȧȕȐȞȈȔ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȤȦȚ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȊȏȧȊ ȥȚȐ ȌȍȕȤ-
ȋȐ Ȗȕ ȝȖȚȤ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ țȓȣȉȕȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ — ǩȖȘȐșȤ ș ȥȚȖȑ
șȓȈȉȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȖȌȓȈ
— ǷțșȚȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȈȒ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȌȍȘ-
ȎȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ǭșȓȐ ȉ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȓȦ-
ȉȐȓȈ ȊȖȚ ȚȈȒ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍșȒȖȘȣșȚȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȧ șȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ
ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȚȐ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȐȏȖșȚȐ" ǺȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚȍ șȓȈ-
ȉȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȌȓȖșȚȤȦ — ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ
ȔȖȐȔ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǩȖȋȖȔ ȇ ȊșȍȔ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȍȔț ȧ
ȖȚȌȈȦșȤ ǻ Ȋșȍȝ ȧ ȉȘȈȓȈ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȉȍȘȍȚ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
ǶȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȟȚȖ
Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ șȚȣȌȕȖ ȏȈ șȊȖȑ țȗȘȍȒ Ǵȕȍ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȉȣȓȈ
șȔȍȠȕȈ ȥȚȈ ȗȘȍșȚȈȘȍȓȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȊȖȖȌțȠȍȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ
ȋȖȊȖȘȧȡȈȧ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȚȈ ȥȚȈȎȖȔ ȊȣȠȍ ȔȈȘȒȋȘȈ-
ȜȐȕȧ Ȋ țȋȈșȈȦȡȍȔ Ȍțȝȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȉȓȐșȚȈȓ ȉȓțȎ-
ȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȒȐȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ ǴȖȓȟȈ ȧ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȘțȒț ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȐ
ǶȕȈ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤȦ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖ-
ȕȧȓ ȍȍ ȇ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȍȍ
ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ
— ǶșȚȈȊȓȧȦ Țȍȉȍ ȏȌȍșȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȕȈ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȍ
ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖșȔȖȚȘȦ ȚȊȖȐ ȘȈȕȣ
ǶȕȈ țȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒȈȊ Ǫ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ț ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȓȍȏȣ

76
— ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ ȊȈȔ — ȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȏȈ ȊȈȠț ȌȖȉȘȖȚț ǵȖ
ȗȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȕȍ șȍȘȌȐȚȍșȤ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǭșȓȐ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ dzȍȖȕ ș ȘȈș-
ȒȈȧȕȤȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȔțȟȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȏȉȐȓ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȚ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȏȕȈȑȚȍ ȧ ȕȍ șȔȖȋț țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȔ
ȍȔț Ȋșȍ ǺȈȒ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ Ȑȝ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȥȚȐ ȊȈȠȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
Ǫȣ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȉȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȖȚȌȈȓȈ Ȑȝ ȍȔț
— ǶȕȐ ȚȊȖȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — Țȣ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȚȤ ș ȕȐ-
ȔȐ ȒȈȒ Țȍȉȍ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȇ ȕȍ ȉțȌț șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ș ȕȐȔȐ
șȌȍȓȈȓȈ
ǶȕȈ ȍȡȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ șȎȈȓȈ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț ȏȈȝȓȍȉȣȊȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȗȓȈ-
ȟȈ
— ǷțșȚȤ ǩȖȋ ȊȈȔ ȊȖȏȌȈșȚ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ, — ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
— ȇ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȈȧ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖșȚȖȑȕȈȧ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȐȧ ȕȖ ȕȍ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȣȓȈ Ǩȝ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ
ȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍșȓȐ ȉ ȕȍ țȔȍȘ ȔȖȑ ȉȘȈȚ ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ȔȖȑ ǺȍȖȌȖȘ
ǭȔț ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȊȖșȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȔȍȘ Ȋ șȍ-
ȔȐȕȈȘȐȐ ȚȈȔ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȋ ǩȘȍȚȈȕȐ ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ ȘȖȌȐȓȐșȤ
Ǩȝ ȔȖȑ ǺȍȖȌȖȘ — ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ Ȉȕȋȍȓ ȟȐșȚȖȚȣ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȓȖȎȍ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ Ƕȕ ȍȡȍ ȉȣȓ ț ȘȖȌȐ-
Țȍȓȍȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȠȓȈ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉț Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎ Ƕȕ ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ
șȚȘȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ
ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȋȘȍȝ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȊȗȈȓȈ
ȇ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ șȓțȎȉț Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȈ ȘȈȏȋțȓȤȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǵȍ Ȑȏ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȕȍ Ȑȏ ȕțȎȌȣ ȖȚȌȈȓȈșȤ ȧ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚț ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑȏ
ȓȍȋȒȖȔȣșȓȐȧ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ — ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ ǴȍȟȚȈȓȈ
ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ ǩȘȍȚȈȕȤ ȒțȗȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȌȖȔȐȒ ș șȈȌȖȔ Ȑ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȌȘȈ-
ȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȘȧȌȣ șȍȘȍȉȘȖ ǵȈ șȓțȎȉȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȍȠȤ Ǩȝ ǩȖȋ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȧ țȔȐȘȈȦ ȖȚ ȕțȎ-
ȌȣǨ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ Ȋȣ șȍȉȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȌȕȈȎ-
Ȍȣ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȐȘțȠȒȐ Ȋ ȊȍșȍȓȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȒȖȔ-
ȔȐȊȖȧȎȍȘ ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ǷȖȕȚ-ǨȊȍȕȍ Ȋ
ȔȖȍȔ ȘȖȌȕȖȔ ȒȘȈȦ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
Ȗȕ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ Ȋ ȓȍșț șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ Ȋ ǷȈ-
ȘȐȎȍ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȐ-
ȟȈȓ ©ǺȈȒ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȋȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȏȕȈȚȤ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȦ ȔȖȦ
șȍșȚȘț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȓțȎȐȚ ț ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ǬȍȓȈȚȘȈ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ Ȍȍ
ǸȍȕȤȍ DzȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȍȍª ǷȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ

șȔȍȝ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȐȊȕȖșȚȤȦ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȉȘȍȚȖȕȞȈ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋ
ȓȍșț ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓ ǺȍȖȌȖȘ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȧ ț ȋȖșȗȖ-
ȌȐȕȈ ǬȍȓȈȚȘȈ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ Ȍȍ ǸȍȕȤȍ ȐȔȍȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȗȍȘȊțȦ șȓțȎ-
ȉț ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘșȚ ǩȖȎȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȔ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȕȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ-ȉȘȈȚȈ" Ǩ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ
ǶȌȕȈ ȧ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ — ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȗțȚȤ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ
ǶȕȈ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ Ȉ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȍ ȗȖȌȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȘțșȚȤȦ ȇ țȚȍȠȈȓ ȍȍ, ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋ ǶȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țș-
ȗȖȒȖȐȓȈșȤ ȇ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ
— ǷȖȌȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ — ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȊȖȕ Țț ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈ-
ȜȐȦ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȈ ȖȒȕȍ ȅȚȖ dzȍȖȕ ǫȖȌ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ
ș ȕȐȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȕȈ ȍȎȍȋȖȌȕȖȑ ȧȘȔȈȘȒȍ ȗȘȧȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ
ǵȈȘȖȌȈ ǺȈȔ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȉȈȓȈȋȈȕȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜ — Ȑ Ȗȕ
șȌȍȓȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȐȒ dzȍȖȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȍȠȍȊȖ
Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ dzȍȖȕ ȒțȗȐȓ Ȕȕȍ șȊȐȕȒț Ȑȏ ȗȘȧȕȐȒȈ ș ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȔ
ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȔ șȈȝȈȘȖȔ ȔȖȐȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ Ǵȣ șȢȍȓȐ ȍȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
ȅȚȈ șȊȐȕȒȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ ȕȈȔ șȟȈșȚȤȍ
ȇ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȍȑ ȊȣȞȊȍȚȠțȦ șȒȊȍȘȕțȦ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȦ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȕȍȋȖȌȧȧ ǶȕȈ ȏȈșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȗȘȐ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȉȓȍșȒȍ șȊȍȟȐ
ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȎȈȌȕȖșȚȤȦ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȓ
ȍȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ

78
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȐȌȚȐ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȖȗȘȖ-
șȐȚȤ ȋȖșȗȖȎț ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌțȝȈ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȐȧ Ȑ
șȖșȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ©ȗȖȌ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍ-
ȏȌȖȑª ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȈ Ȓ
ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȐ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȍȑ ȟȍȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȓȈ-
ȌȐȓ ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȐȓșȧ ș ǸȖȑȒȖ ǰ ȧ
ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ƕȕ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ǯȈȎȍȋȠȐ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȓȈȔȗț Ȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȧ țȎȈșȕțȓșȧ ȊȣȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȦ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȅȚȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȈ
ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ
— Ƕȕ țȉȐȓ ȍȍ" ǻȉȐȓ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ șȔȍȧȓșȧ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȣȔ ȌȐȒȐȔ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȍȍ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚȍ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȑ
ȔȣșȓȐ ȚȈȒțȦ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ" — ȋȕȍȊȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ șȊȖȐȔ ȘȈșșțȌȒȖȔ
— Ǩȝ ȒȈȒȖȍ Ȕȕȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖ ȕȍȍ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȕȖ Ȗȕ
Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȏȈȊȐȌțȦ ȍȔț
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȏȈȊȐȌțȍȚȍ ȍȔț"
— Ǫ ȟțȊșȚȊȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ
ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȚȘȈȋȐȒȈ
— Ǫȣ șȝȖȌȐȚȍ ș țȔȈ — ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ
— ȇ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Ǫȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȐȓȐ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ȐȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȚȧȎȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȍ-
șȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ — ȖȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȋȘȍȝȈ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ șȓȍȌțȦȚ ȓȦȌ-
șȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȧ Ȑ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȍ ȚȍȘȏȈȕȐȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ-
șȧ șȖȊȍșȚȤȦ
— ǹȓȈȊȈ ǩȖȋț ȕȍȚ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ
— Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ǫ
ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ — ȊșȚȈȚȤ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȈȒ
ȉȣ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȗȤȍȌȍșȚȈȓȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌȖ ȊșȍȔ ȖȉȣȌȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȔȍȓȖȟȕȣȔ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȔ ǪȐȌȍȚȤ ȗȘȖȊȈȓ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȣȑ,
ȒȈȒ ȔȖȘȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȍȚ ȊȈș ȖȚ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȘȍ-
șȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȐȌȐȚ șȍȉȧ Ȋ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐȕȖȔ
șȊȍȚȍ ȟȍȔ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȕȖ Ȑ ȔȐȘ ȒȈ-
ȎȍȚșȧ ȍȔț ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȐȕȣȔ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ Ȗȕ
ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ șȈȔ șȍȉȧ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ
Ȗȕ — ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ ǵȍȘȖȕ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ
ȏȓȖȌȍȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȌȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȈȘ-
ȇ

79
ȚȐșȚ ǷȖ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȗȕ ȋȕȈȓșȧ ȏȈ șȊȖȍȑ țȉȍȋȈȦȡȍȑ Ȕț-
ȏȖȑ ǰ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȖȉȈȓȌȍȓȈȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȋȖ ǷȘȍșȚț-
ȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȕȍȟȚȖ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ș ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ Ȋ
ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȍ ȍșȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȒȈȍȚ
ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȒȈȍȚ șȓȍȗȖ — ȚȈȑȕȈ
ȗȖșȚȐȟȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȐȕȚȍȕșȐȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȗȘȍș-
ȚțȗȕȐȒ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ
— Ǫȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȐȓȐ șȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ
ȟȚȖɀ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ! — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ
ǴȖȘȖȏ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ Țȍȓț ǵȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȖȓȒȈȓȖ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȕȈșȐȓȤȕȖ ȚȖȓȒȈȓȖ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȧ ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ — ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ Ȍț-
Ƞț ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ șȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ
— Ǫȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȗȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȖȗȣȚț
Ƕȕ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȧ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȒ-
ȓȈȔȐȘțȦ ȊȈȔ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȐȚȈȍȚ
ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȍȚ șȊȖȐȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȖȚ Țȍȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȥȝȖ ȖȚȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȘțȒț Ȑȏ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȖ ȧ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ
ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȍȍ ǪȌȘțȋ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȚȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕȐȞȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ
©ǪȐȕȈ ȔȖȧ ȊȐȕȈª DzȈȒȈȧ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȐȕȈ"
— Ǫȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȗȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȖȗȣȚț — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
ȧ — ǷȘȐȏȕȈȑȚȍșȤ ǷȘȐȏȕȈȑȚȍșȤ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ șȈȔ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȍ ǭȋȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ ȏȈȘȈȏȐȓȖ Ȑ
Ȕȍȕȧ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȉȣȓ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȓȍȌȍȕ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȝ
ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓșȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȑ țȎȈș ǵȖ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍȔ,
ȧ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ șȖșȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ — ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ
— ǵț ȝȖȘȖȠȖ — ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȖȒȖȘȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȔȖȍȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȍȑ — ǭșȓȐ ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȥȚȖȚ țȎȈș — ȗȘȐ-
ȉȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȚȐȠȍ — ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȖȚ ȕȍȎȐȊȣȝ Ȋȍȡȍȑ
Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ țȎȈș țȗȈȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ-
ȓȖȔȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȉȍȋȈȓ Ȑȏ ȏȈȔȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȕȈ țȔȍȘȓȈ ǹȒȈȓț
ȥȚț ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȚȖ ȘȈȏ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȊȕȐ-

80
ȔȈȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȍȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȖȕȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȔȍ-
ȕȐȓȈșȤ ǶȕȈ ȊȌȘțȋ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ Țț țȎȈșȕțȦ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȤ,
ȟȚȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȝȖȚȧ ț ȕȍȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȓȈȏ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ
ȐȔȍȓȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ ȐȓȐ Ȋȣ-
șȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȒȈȔȕȍ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ, ȝȖȚȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȎȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ȉȍșȜȖȘȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȕȣȑ ȐȏȓȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ
ȒȈȔȍȕȤ — Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȖȗȐșțȍȔȣȑ țȎȈș ǫȓȈȏȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȘȖȕȐȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȖȔ ȌȖ ȒȖșȚȍȑ
Ȑ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȐ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ
ǷȘȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȍȕȣ Ȋșȍ Ȋȍ-
ȡȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȓȕȣ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȝ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ
ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ — ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȍȔȣȑ
țȎȈș șȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ ǫțȉȣ ȔȖȐ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ
ȠȍȗȚȈȓ șȍȉȍ ©ȅȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȖȊȍȌȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ șțȔȈșȠȍșȚȊȐȧª
ȇ ȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒț ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȠȈȋ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȣȚȐȘȈȚȤ ȝȖȓȖȌ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȖȚ ȕȈ ȓȉț ȇ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ țȎȈș ȐșȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ
ȖȚ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ
ǸȖȑȒȖ ș țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȊșȚȈȓ ș ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ Șț-
Ȓț
— Ǻȣ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȏȕȈȚȤ — ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ —
ȚȈȒ ȏȕȈȑ ǬȈ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ǰȏȔȍȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȓ
șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȌȊțȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǰ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȧ ȗȖȋțȉȐȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ
ȌȊȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ȇ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȚȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȖȋȐ ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔ
ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ Ȑ ȧ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȗȈȌȍȚ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ șȖșȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȍ-
ȘȍșȐȓȐȓȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȚȤ
ǸȖȑȒȖ
— ǶȗȖȔȕȐȚȍșȤ — ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȍȋȖ — ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȕȈȊȈȑȚȍșȤ ȕȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ DzȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȧ ȐȔȍȦ
ȗȘȈȊȖ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȊȈș ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ" ǯȈȉțȌȤȚȍ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ
ȟȚȖ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍȖȉȌțȔȈȕȕȖ ȧ șȈȔ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
ǵȖ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ șȚȐșȒȐȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȘțȒț Ȑ ș ȊȐȌȐȔȣȔ țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȕȖ ȧșȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȕȐȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ
ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
— ȇ ȉȣȓ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ țȎȍ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȔ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȗȖȌȓȣȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ț
Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȖȑ ȕȍȘȈȏțȔȕȖșȚȤȦ ǹȓț-

81
ȠȈȑ, Țȣ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤ ȔȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȐșȗȖ-
ȊȍȌȤ — ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ
ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ șȓțȟȈȑ ȐȓȐ șțȌȤȉȈ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ș
ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȖȔ Ǵȣ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ-
ȚȖ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȕȈ ȗțșȚȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ȖȉȈ ȚȈȒ ȏȈȌțȔȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ
ȊȐȌȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐșȤ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȕȈȠȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ
Ȑ Ȕȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ
Ǵȣ ȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ
ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț Ȋ ȒȘȈȚȒȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȌțȋȈȌȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȊȍȘȧ Ȋ ȕȐȝ DzȈȒ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȧ
Ȋ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȈ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȈȌȍȗȚ ȚȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ǩ
Ȗȕ" ǵȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ șȐȓȖȑ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȗȣȚȈ Ȉ șȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȦȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ǪȈȔ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ șȒȈȏȒȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȉȘȍ-
ȌȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȔț ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊț ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȐșȒȘȍȕ-
ȕȍȑȠȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ
Ǵȣ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȐȓ-
șȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ƕȕ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȔȍȠȖȟȒȈ ȗȈ-
ȗȐȘȖșț Ȑ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗȋȕȧ ǺȈȒ Ȕȣ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȖȊȖȘ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȕȣ ȏȈȠȓȐ Ȋ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠțȦ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȦ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȕȣ
ȖȉȈ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȚțȌȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȐȡȍȚ ȕȈȌȍȎȕȖȋȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȉȣ ȗȖȍȝȈȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ
ȗȖșȍȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȚȐȝȖȔ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȖȔ ȏȈȔȒȍ Ȑ — ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȧ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ-
ȚȖ ȕȍȧșȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȘȍȌȕȍȍ ȔȍȎȌț
șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȍȔ Ȑ ȒȈȔȍȘȌȐȕȍȘȖȔ ǺȍȔȕȣȑ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ ȖȉȓȐȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȓȐȞȖ Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȉȣȓ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȍȏ ȌȍȓȈ Ȋ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȕțȎȌȍ Ȑ
șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȍ ȕȖ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȓȈȒȍȍȔ — ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȔȖȐȔ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȖȔ
ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ șȚȣȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ DzȈȒ ȔȖȋ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȗȖ-
ȕȧȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ" Ƕȕ Ȏȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐșȗȣȚțȦȡȍ Ȑ șțȘȖȊȖ ǻ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȍ Ƕȕ,
ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȓȐȎȍ țȏȕȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ Ȑ
ȌȖșȚȖȐȕ ȓȐ ȧ șȈȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȚȈȚȤ ȈȌȍȗȚȖȔ

ǷȖȒȖȘȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȈȉȕȍȋȈȞȐȧ * ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓȐ Ȓ ȟȐșȓț ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȝ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȖȚ ©țȟȍȕȐȒȖȊª ȧ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȓ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȖșȚȐȟȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ǰ ȝȖȚȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ
ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖșșȚȈȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȊȖȏȔțȡȈȓȖșȤ ȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ <ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ>.
Ǵȣ țȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ
ǸȖȑȒȖ țȔȖȓȒ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȊȣȚȐȘȈȧ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȓȖȉ Ȑ
ȌȘȖȎȈ ȊșȍȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȗȕ ș țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ
— ǺȈȔ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȍȋȖ șȍșȚȘț ȅȌȐȚț
Ƕȕ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȈțȏȣ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
— ȇ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕȍ ȓȖȘȌ Ǩȕȋțș
țȍȝȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȏȈȔȖȒ Ǩȕȋțș-ǴȈȕȖȘ Ȋ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȑ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ȧ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕȍ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȑ ǩȣȓ ȗȖȏȌȕȐȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȋ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȍ Ȏȍȓȍȏ-
ȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȚȈȔ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
 ȗȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȓ Ȓ ȏȈȔȒț
ǵȖȟȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȈȧ Ȋșȧ ȘȈșȞȊȍȟȍȕȕȈȧ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȔȐ
ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȗȈȘȒ ȚȍȔȕȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȋȘțȗȗȣ
ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȓțȋȈȝ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȗȈȘȣ Ȉ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȉț șȚȈȘȣȑ, ȗȈ-
șȔțȘȕȣȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȈȔȖȒ ǰȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȍȋȖ ȖȒȖȕ ȓȐȓȐșȤ
ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖȚȖȒȐ șȊȍȚȈ ǬȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ șȒȈȏȒȐ ȊȍȧȓȖ ȖȚ
ȥȚȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ dzȖȘȌ Ǩȕȋțș ȎȐȊȠȐȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ
țȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ
șȍȔȍȑȕȖȍ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ ȊșȦ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȈȘȐș-
ȚȖȒȘȈȚȐȦ ǻȏȕȈȓ ȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓ Ȓ ȏȈȔȒț
* Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɫɚɦɨɨɬɪɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɮɪ. abnégation.

83
ȗȘȐȊȍȏ Ȑȏ dzȖȕȌȖȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǨȕȋțșȈ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȥȜȐȖȗ-
șȒȐȍ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ Ȑ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȦ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ
ȗȖȕȍș Ȑȝ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒț ȌȖȘȖȋț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ șȓțȎȈȡȐȍ ǩȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȔȖȒ ȉȣȓȈ
ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȈ Ȑ ȧ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȏȈ-
ȓȍ țȉȘȈȕȕȖȔ ș ȐșȚȐȕȕȖ ȈȘȚȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȊȒțșȖȔ ǺȈȔ ȊȐșȍȓȖ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȝ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ șȍȔȍȑȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȚ-
ȘȍȚȖȊ ȒȐșȚȐ ǸȍȑȕȖȓȤȌșȈ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖ șȚȐȓȦ ǶȌȐȕ
Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȖȔȖȔ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȍȑ
ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȈȔȈ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ Ȑ
ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȧȝ Ȑȏ ȐȏțȔȘțȌȖȊ ȖȗȈȓȖȊ Ȑ ȈȓȔȈȏȖȊ ǬȘȈȋȖȞȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȐ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ Ȋ ȧșȕȖ-ȒȈȠȚȈȕȖȊȣȝ ȊȖȓȖșȈȝ
ȕȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȟțȌȕȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ǫȓȈȏȈ ț ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ
ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ Ȉ ȉȘȖȊȐ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȖȟȍȘȟȍȕȕȣȍ ș
ȉȍșȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȐȏȧȡȍșȚȊȖȔ
ȇ ȉȣȓ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ Ȑ șȍȓ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ țȌȖȉ-
ȕȖȍ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȚȖȕțȓ ǴȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȠȈȋȐ
ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȓ-
ȉȍȕȍȓ ȖȚ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ ǬȈȔȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȚ-
ȘȍȚȍ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒț ǵȈ ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȗȓȈ-
ȚȤȍ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȚȖȕ ȚȧȎȍȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȍ Țȍ Ȏȍ ȐȏțȔȘțȌȣ
Ȋ ȧșȕȖ-ȒȈȠȚȈȕȖȊȣȝ ȊȖȓȖșȈȝ ȗȍȘȍșȣȗȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȓțȟȈ-
ȔȐ Țȍ Ȏȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȣȍ, ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȉ
ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ Țȍ Ȏȍ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ ȊȣȘȐșȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ ȉȘȖȊȐ ǵȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ
țȓȣȉȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȍ DzȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȖȔ-
ȘȈȟȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ Ȉ ȊȖ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȚȍȗȓȐȓȈșȤ ȚȧȎȒȈȧ ȋȘțșȚȤ
ǶȕȈ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȓ ȊȣșȚțȗț ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ
ȒȈȔȐȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȖȝȓȈȌȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȖ Ȗ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ
ȕȖ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȋȓȧȕțȓȈșȤ țșȓȣȝȈȊ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȠȈȋȐ ǴȖ-
ȓȖȌȖȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȉȐȉ-
ȓȐȖȚȍȒț ǶȕȈ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ǭȋȖ șȔȍȓȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȓ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȋȘțșȚȐ ȒȘȈșȖȚț Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒ
ȍȍ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȈȓ Ȓ șȍȘȌȞț ǭȋȖ țșȚȈ ȒȈșȈȓȐșȤ ȍȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȐș-
Țȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓȈșȤ Ǫ ȔȖȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȍ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȏȈȌțȠȐȚȤ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǵȖ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȗȖ-
ȇ

85
ȋȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ ȚȍȕȤ șȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȣȑ
ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȈȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȌȈȔȈ ȖȚ-
ȒȓȖȕȐȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȚ ȋȘțȌȐ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȑ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ
ȖȉȢȧȚȐȑ
— ȅȌȐȚȈ — ȚȐȝȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — Țȣ ȏȊȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȦȌȈ ȟȚȖ
Țȣ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ"
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȚȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Țȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȟȚȖ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ Țȍȉȧ ǫȖȊȖȘȦ Țȍȉȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȘȖȡȈȦșȤ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ǷȘȖȡȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȗȘȐ-
șțȚșȚȊȐȐ șȚȖȓȤȒȐȝ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȏȈȓȈȝ Ȉ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
Ȋ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ — ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ Ȗȉ-
ȘȧȌȕȣȔ Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȍș-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȤșȧ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȍȏ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕȈ șȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ șȓȍȏȣ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȊȏȌȖ-
ȝȐ Ȑ ȊȏȊȍȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ șȈȔȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȑ ȏȈȘȣȌȈȓȈ Ƕȕ
ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ ȍȍ ǴȐȕțȚț ȉȍȏ șȓȖȊ ȖȕȐ ȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȗȖșȓȣ-
ȠȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȠȍȓȍșȚ ȖȕȐ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ ȖȌȐȕ
ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ
— ǷȖȍȏȎȈȑ ș ǩȖȋȖȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ǵȈȗȐȠȐ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖ-
șȒȖȘȍȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȑșȧ ǷȘȖșȚȐȔșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȇ țȎȍ ȕȍ
ȊȍȘȕțșȤ Ȓ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊț ȏȈȗȘțșȤ ț șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ șȖșȓȈȊȠȐșȤ
ȕȈ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȐȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ȚȈȔ șȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȟțȎȐȝ ȇ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣ ȕȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ șȖ-
ȊȓȈȌȈȚȤ ș șȖȉȖȑ
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ǻȝȖȌȐ
ǰ țȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ƕȕ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȘțȒȐ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ
ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ Ȑ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ ȓȉȖȔ ȗȖȓȈ ț ȍȍ ȕȖȋ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ țȠȍȓ ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ țșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȚȤ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȅȌȐȚȈ ȖȋȓȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȧșȤ ȖȚ
șȕȈ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȈ ȊșȚȈȓȈ ȕȖ ȗȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȔȖȍ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ǫ ȌȊțȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ ǶȕȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȋȘȖȔȖȔ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ
ȋȕȍȊȕȖ ȏȈșȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ
— DzȚȖ ȉȣ Țȣ ȕȐ ȉȣȓ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȘȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ șȚȣȌȕȖ
Țȍȉȍ ȗȖȌȓȣȑ ȠȗȐȖȕ"

86
ǹ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȧ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȥȚț ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȌȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȧ ǭȍ
ȋȕȍȊ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊșȚȈȓ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȘȈȏț ȏȈȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȖ șȓȍȏȣ șȚȘțȧȔȐ ȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ǶȕȈ ș ȐȏțȔ-
ȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȍ ȋȕȍȊ țȚȐȝȈȓ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚ — ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȧ — ȇ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ
ȠȗȐȖȕ ǹȓțȟȈȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ șȦȌȈ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȊȖȠȓȐ ȧ ȝȖ-
Țȍȓ țȑȚȐ ǵȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ țșȗȍȓ ȊșȚȈȚȤ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȚȖȚ ȋȖșȗȖ-
ȌȐȕ ǺȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȧȊȓȧȚȤ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȘȐșțȚ-
șȚȊȐȐ ǰ Ȑȏ ȌȍȓȐȒȈȚȕȖșȚȐ ȧ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȕȈȌȍȧșȤ ȟȚȖ țȑ-
Ȍț ȕȐȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ — ȒȓȧȕțșȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȟȍșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȊșȍȔ
ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐ Ȋȣ
ȕȐ ȒȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ ȉȣ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȍșȚȤ ȋȘȍȝ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȏȖȘ Ȑ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȚȤ Ȉȕȋȍȓȣ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ — ȌȈ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋȣ — Ȋȣ ȓȦȉȐȚȍ ȕȍțȎȍ-
ȓȐ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ șȚȣȌȐȚȍșȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ"
— DzȓȧȕțșȤ ǩȖȋȖȔ ȕȍȚ — șȖ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒț — Ǫȣ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȗȘȈȊȌț ǵȖ
ȏȕȈȑȚȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȔȖȐȔ ȗȖș-
ȘȍȌȕȐȒȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȊȣȕțȎȌȈȦȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ șȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȉȘȈȚȖȔ ȇ
ȖȉȘțȟȍȕȈ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȕȖ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ǬȍȓȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȍșȓȐ ȉ ȧ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈȘțȠȐȓȈ șȚȈȘȖȍ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȐȍ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȦ ȚȖȋȖ ș ȒȍȔ ȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȖȉȘțȟȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ƕȕ
ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȍȋȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȋȖ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȒȚȖ Ȋȣ Ȑ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ"
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȑ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ ȖȉȓȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȓȐȞȖ
— ȇ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ș ȊȈȠȐȔ ȉȘȈȚȖȔ Ȑȏ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ — ȏȈȐȒȈȧșȤ
ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ — ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ șȍșȚȘȈ ȓȖȘȌȈ
ǨȕȋțșȈ ǰȚȈȒ ȧ Ȉȝ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȏȕȈȍȚȍ
ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠȐȔ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȒȖȔ șȚȈȓ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȓțȋȈ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȉȘȈ-
ȚȈǵȖ, ȊȖȗȘȍȒȐ ȔȖȍȔț ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȦ ȅȌȐȚț ȥȚȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ Ȑșȗț-
ȋȈȓȖ
— Ǫȣ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ șȓțȋȈ ȍȋȖ — șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȊȈș Ȑ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȉȘȈȚ ȖȚ-
ȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȈș Ȉ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ șȈȔȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦ ș ȕȐȔ ȚȖ

87
ȉțȌț ȟȈșȚȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤșȧ ȇ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ șțȌȤȉț ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ
Ȉ ȕȍ ȒȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ țȏȕȈȓ Ȗ ȔȖȍȑ ȚȈȑȕȍ ȍșȓȐ țȎ ȕȍȗȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȕȖ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȍȍ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȔ
ǩȘȈȚ ȔȖȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȘȐȌȍȚ șȦȌȈ" Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȐ" Ǩȝ șȓȣȠȐȚȍ ȊȖȚ Ȗȕ ȐȌȍȚ ǷȖȒȈȎȐȚȍ
ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȓȐ Ȑȏ dzȖȕȌȖȕȈ
ǶȕȈ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȒȕȐȋȖȑ
— ǩȘȈȚ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȘȍȊ-
ȕȧȧ ȥȜȐȖȗșȒȈȧ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ©Taamina Ǵariam», — ȖȕȈ ȗȖȊȍ-
șȚȊțȍȚ Ȗ ȟțȌȍșȈȝ ȌȍȊȣ ǴȈȘȐȐ" Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȣ ǭșȚȤ ț
Țȍȉȧ ȒȓȦȟ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȉȖȘȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ ȗȖ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȧȔ ȔȈȋȖȊ"
ǶȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ș ȋȖȘȧȟȍȟȕȖȑ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖșȚȤȦ ȘțȒȐ ȍȍ ȌȘȖ-
ȎȈȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȖȒȕț Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȖ-
ȕȖșȐȓșȧ șȓȈȉȣȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȒȖȓȍș ȗȖ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ ȌȊȖȘȈ ȅȌȐȚȈ ȗȖ-
ȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȈ ©ǻȍȏȎȈȍȚª — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȇ ȏȕȈȓ Ȗ ȒȖȔ ȖȕȈ
ȌțȔȈȍȚ
— ǰȏȊȐȕȐșȤ ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȖșȚȧȔȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȋȘȖȔ-
ȒȖ — ȇ ȉȖȓȤȕȈ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ șȍȉȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȝȖȘȖȠȖ — Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȑȏ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȐ
ǹ ȔȐȕțȚț ǸȖȑȒȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȌȣȠȈȓ ǻșȗȖȒȖȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȍȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
— ǵȍ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȧ ȉțȌț ȚȈȒ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ
ȒȈȒ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ș ȕȍȦ ȇ șȒȈȏȈȓ țȎȍ ȊȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȍ-
ȏțȔȕȖ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓ ȍȍ ȇ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȏȈȊȐȌȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȔț
ȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȧ șȒȘȣȓ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȑ ȅȌȐȚȈ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȍȑ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȈȕ ȌȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑ-
ȠȐȝ ȎȍȘȚȊ ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȐȔ ȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȎȍȘȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȊșȍȔ ȒȘȖȔȍ șȊȖȍȑ
ȓȦȉȊȐ
ǺȈȒ ȎȐȓ ȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǨȕȋțșȈ ǭș-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȥȚȈ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȓȖȘȌ Ǩȕȋțș ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ șȖ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȌȖȊȍȓ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ șȈȔȣȝ ȊȍȘȠȐȕ ȥȏȖȚȍȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ
ȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȈȔ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȌȣȠȈȓ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȑ ȈȌȍȗȚ ȉȍȓȖȑ
ȔȈȋȐȐ Ȑ ȧ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ ȊȍȘȠȐȕ
ȚȘȈȕșȞȍȕȌȍȕȚȕȣȝ ȐșȚȐȕ Ȗȕ ȐȔȍȓ Ȋșȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț
Ȑ ȐȕȚțȐȞȐȦ Ȑ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ Ȑ șȐȕȚȍȏ Ƕȕ ȌȖȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ ȗȖȘȖȋȈ
ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȝ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȑ ǬȈȓȤȠȍ Ȕȕȍ țȎȍ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ

88
ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȔȖȍȑ șțȌȤȉȖȑ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȖȋȈ ȕȖ ȕȐ ȠȈȋ
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
dzȖȘȌ Ǩȕȋțș ȕȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ȟȚȖ ȘȈșșȍȐȊȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖ
șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȊȈȓȖ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊȐ-
Ȍȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȠȐȉșȧ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐȔ țȟȍȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȖȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȈȧ ȊȖ
Ȕȕȍ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȍ ȊȖȏȔțȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ
ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȧȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ țȉȍȎȈȓ ȉȣ Ȑȏ ȏȈȔȒȈ ȍșȓȐ ȉ
ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȅȌȐȚȍ ȕȍ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȅȌȐȚȈ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȧșȤ FȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈȔȐ ȓȖȘ-
ȌȈ ǨȕȋțșȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȒȈȒ șȍșȚȘȈ Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ
ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȍȌȘȈșșțȌȒȖȊ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ, ȗȖȓȕȈȧ
ȚȈȒȚȈ ȌȍȓȐȒȈȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȚȣ Ƕȉ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȍȍ ȧ ȕȍ
ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȖȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȧȏȣȒȐ ǬȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓȈ
ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ Ȋșȍȝ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȐȝ șȐșȚȍȔ Ȋșȍȝ ȝȘȐ-
șȚȐȈȕșȒȐȝ ȍȘȍșȍȑ Ȑ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȚȖȕȒȖșȚȍȑ ȉțȌȌȐȏȔȈ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȟțȎȌȈ ȍȑ ǷȘȐ Ȋșȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ țȟȍȕȖșȚȐ ȍȑ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ șȐȕȚȍȏȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȚȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȍȍ ȉȘȈȚ
ǶȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ ȧ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ ȚȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȔȖ-
ȝȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȓ ȍȍ ȟȍșȚȐ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚ-
Șȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȚȍȕȐ ȗȍȌȈȕȚȐȏȔȈ ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȑȠȍȑ ȍȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ
ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȈȧ ȎȍȕșȒȈȧ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȉ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȍ-
ȌȖșȚȈȚȒȖȔ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧȔ ȔȐȕțȚȣ Ȑ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ȉȍȏ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȑ — Ȑ ȥȚȖ
ȗȖȋțȉȐȓȖ ȍȍ
ǪȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȍȍ ȓȖȘȌ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕ ȊȖȗȘȍȒȐ ȊșȧȒȐȔ ȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȐȧȔ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȍșȧȞ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȡȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȣȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȧ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ țȏȕȈȓ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȖȚ șȈȔȖȑ ȅȌȐȚȣ ǵȈ ȍȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȓȖȘȌ
ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȜȈ-
ȚȈȓȤȕȈȧ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȐȋȘȈ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț-ȚȖ ȍȍ ȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȍ ȘțȒȐ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȖșȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȐȓȐșȤ ȥȚȖȔț ȉȘȈȒț ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȉȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȉțȘȕȣȍ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ș ȅȌȐȚȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȓȐșȤ ș ȍȋȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȐȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ Ȉ ș ȍȍ —
țȋȘȖȏȖȑ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȍșȓȐ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȐȍ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȕȍ ȉț-

ȌȍȚ șȌȍȘȎȈȕȖ ǵȖ Ȕȕȍ ȅȌȐȚȈ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚ ȍȋȖ,
ȌȈȎȍ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȐȏȓȍȟȐȚșȧ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȑ șȓȈȉȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȖ-
ȉȖȘȖȚ ȊșȦ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȖȕȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȐȔ ȒȈȒ
ȏȈȡȐȚȈ Ȑ țȉȍȎȐȡȍ ©ȇ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȠȈȋț ȉțȌț ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ș
ȍȋȖ ȏȓȣȔ ȌȍȔȖȕȖȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ — Ȑ ȕȍ țș-
ȚȈȕț ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȘȊț ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȋțȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȋȚȍȑ Ǩ Ȍȓȧ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȎȐȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȍȘȈȏ-
ȘȣȊȕȖª
Ǵȕȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȓ ȧ ȊȐȌȧ ȍȍ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ ȗȣȓȈȊȠȐȍ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȊȖȖȌțȠȍȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȐ Ȗ
ȓȖȘȌȍ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕȍ șȓȣȠȈ ȍȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȕȐȧ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȇ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ
șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǺȈȒȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȋ Ǩȕȋțș-ǴȈȕȖȘȍ

90
Ȗșȓȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖ ȘȈȏȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȈȔ ȓȖȘȌ
Ǩȕȋțș ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȍȘȍșȍ-
ȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕ ȒțȌȈ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȓȈ
ȍȋȖ șȍșȚȘȈ ȇ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ ș ȕȐȔȐ
ǺȈȔ ȅȌȐȚȈ ȟȈȡȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȈșȤ ș ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȏȈȔȖȒ Ǩȕ-
ȋțș-ǴȈȕȖȘ ȓȖȘȌ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȚȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȌȒȖ Ȑ ȚȖ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȌ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋȖȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉȘȈȚ ȅȌȐȚȣ ȕȍ
șȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ
ǵȖ ȏȈȚȖ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕȍ ȅȌȐȚȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȣȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȊșȦ-
Ȍț ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȈșȤ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȌȈȘȧ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ Ȑ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ
ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȊȍȏȌȍ
ǵȖ Ȓ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȦ ȉȍȌȕȖȑ ȅȌȐȚȣ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȠțȔȕȖȔ ȊȍșȍȓȖȔ
ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȓȖȘȌ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȚȤșȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȈȋțȉȕȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȑ-
ȕȖȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȍȡȈȍȚ ȗȖȓȤȏțȦȡȐȍșȧ ȌțȘȕȖȑ șȓȈȊȖȑ ȐȋȖȘ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȋȌȍ țȎȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈș-
ȓȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȚȖȘȈȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ
ȓȖȘȌȈ ǨȕȋțșȈ ȧ ȉȣȓ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ șȞȍȕȣ ȔȍȎȌț ȅȌȐ-
ȚȖȑ Ȑ ȓȖȘȌȖȔ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕȖȔ dzȖȘȌ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕ ȊȍșȤ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȉȣȓ șȐ-
ȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȍȕ — Ȑ ȅȌȐȚȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȏȕȈȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȋ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȦ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗțșȚțȦ Ǫ șȈȓȖȕȍ ȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȕȈȧ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȈȧ ȗȍȊȐȞȈ ȗȍȓȈ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȉȘȈȊțȘȕțȦ ȈȘȐȦ
Ȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ, ȗȖȒȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȚ
ȗȍȚȤ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ șȈȓȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ȇ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȖȘȈȕ-
ȎȍȘȍȍ șȓțȠȈȧ ȗȍȕȐȍ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȍ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖȍ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȓȖȘȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ
ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȖșȚȧȔ DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȊȖȠȓȈ ȅȌȐȚȈ Ȑ
șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȓȖȘȌ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ
țȑȚȐ ȕȖ ȅȌȐȚȈ ȒȐȊȕțȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ
— ȅȌȊȈȘȌ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȓȖȘȌț ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕț — ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ
ǸȖȑȒȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚșȧ ȔȖȐȔ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȣȔ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔ Ȑ ȧ ȝȖȟț ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ǭșȓȐ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ șȦȌȈ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ ȓțȟȠȍ
ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ ȕȈș ȕȍ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ ǵȈȠȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ șȓțȠȈȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȝȖ-
ȟț Țȍȉȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
Ƿ

91
dzȖȘȌ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕ ȝȔțȘȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȐ
șȓȖȊȈ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐ ȗȘȖȠț Țȍȉȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ȅȌȊȈȘȌ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȅȌȐȚȈ — ȧ țșȓȣȝȈȓȈ ȚȊȖȑ ȘȈȏȋȖ-
ȊȖȘ ș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ ǨȓȤȌȘȐȝȖȔ ȘȈȏȕțȏȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȖȌȕȖ
ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖ. Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕȈ ȚȍȘȗȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖȑ
ȉȓȐȏȒȐȑ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ Ǻȣ Ȏȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȠȤ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ ȍȋȖ
ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ — ȕț ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȐȋȘȖȒ
ȒȈȒ Ȑ Țȣ
dzȖȘȌ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕ ș țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȊȖȏȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȕȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȍȋȖ șȚȈȓ
ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔ
— DzȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ Țȣ șȓȣȝȈȓȈ" — ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȣȑȌȍȠȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȤ ȟȈșȈ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ — Ȋȣ ȐȌȍȚȍ Ȋ ȐȋȖȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ǺȈȒ șȓțȠȈȑ ȧ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȈȦ Țȍȉȍ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȈș ǬȈ
ȏȈȗȘȍȡȈȦ ǷțșȚȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȣȧșȕȧȚșȧ ȕȈȠȐ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȇ
ȓȦȉȓȦ Țȍȉȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ Ȋșȍȑ ȌțȠȖȑ ȕȖ ȔȖȍ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ
Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ǭșȓȐ Țȣ ȗȖȑȌȍȠȤ ș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ — ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ Țȍȉȧ
șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ǹȓȣȠȐȠȤ" Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȇ
ȉȍȏ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȖȘȊț Ȋșȍ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȈș țȏȓȣ ȇ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍ-
șȚȈȕț ȓȦȉȐȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ȕȖ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȖȚȌȈȓȦșȤ ȖȚ Țȍȉȧ
ǺȍȔȕȣȑ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ ȖȉȓȐȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕȈ
— ȅȌȐȚȈ — ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — Țȣ ȚȈȒ ȚȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ șȖ
ȔȕȖȑ" ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȑ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈ-
ȕȐȑ Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȕȈȟȍ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ȉȣ Ȋ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț țȕȐȎȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȍȔȕȣȔ șȓțȋȖȑ
ȇ ȋȓțȝȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ țȌȈȘ ȉȣȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȅȌȐȚȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȚȈȒȈȧ ȌȍȓȐȒȈȚȕȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȚȈȒȚȈ Ȋ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȗȖșȚțȗȐ-
ȓȈ ȉȍȏȘȈșșțȌȕȖ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȕțȊ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒȖȔț ȚȧȎȒȖȔț ȖșȒȖȘȉ-
ȓȍȕȐȦ Ȉ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȊ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȍȉȧ Ǫ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȖ ȅȌȐȚȈ
țȔȖȓȧȦȡȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǷȍȊȐȞȈ Ȋ șȈȓȖȕȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȈ
ȗȍȚȤ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ ȈȗȓȖȌȐșȔȍȕȚȣ Ȑ ȊȣȏȖȊȣ ȕȈ ȉȐș Ȑ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ
ȚȍȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȦ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȕțȦ ȖȚ
șȈȓȖȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȊȐșȍȓȖ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȝ ȒȈȘȚȐȕ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȍ-

92
ȊȐȌȐȔȣȔȐ ȓȈȔȗȈȔȐ ȅȌȐȚȈ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȖȕȈ
șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȈ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȓȖȘȌȖȔ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕȖȔ Ȗ
ȘȍȌȒȖȔ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȐ ȔȈȓȖ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖ-
ȗȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȑ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȓ Ȋ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȍ
ǷȖȌȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ ȋȖșȚȐ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘț Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ
Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȓȖȘȌ
ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǷȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș ȅȌȐȚȈ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǶȕȈ țȎȍ șȕȧȓȈ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȍȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȊȖȓȖ-
șȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈșȟȍșȈȕȣ Ȉ ȓȖȉ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȈȕ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ dzȐȞȖ
ȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȚȘȈȌȈȍȚ
Ȑ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȑ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ — șȓȈȉȣȔ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
ȖȕȈ — ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȐȕȍ ȊȈș ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȓȐ ȅȌȊȈȘȌ
ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ șȈȔ șȖȎȈȓȍȍȚ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ ȐȏȊȐȕȐȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ
ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚșȧ Ǫȣ ȗȘȖȡȈȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ"
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȌȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȦ ȟțȌȕțȦ ȘțȒț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ș ȊȖȓȕȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ
— ȇ țȋȕȍȚȍȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ. — ȅȌȊȈȘȌ
țȠȍȓ ș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ Ȗȕ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȧȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȡȍ ȋȓțȉ-
Ȏȍ ȟȍȔ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȓ ȊȈș ǸȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ
țȋȘȖȏț Ȗȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȖȘ-
Ȋț ȓȐ ȧ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȈș ȏȊȍȕȤȧ?
ǶȕȈ ȖȚȍȘȓȈ ȒȈȚȐȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ șȓȍȏȣ
— ȇ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȕȖ ȧ
ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȦ șȊȖȦ ȖȠȐȉȒț ǽȖȚȐȚȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕțȦ țș-
ȓțȋț"
— DzȈȒțȦ țȋȖȌȕȖ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ
— ǵț ȚȈȒ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȑȚȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖ-
ȠȓȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȓȖȘȌȖȔ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕȖȔ ǷȖȌȕȐȔȐȚȍșȤ ȊȣȠȍ
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ
ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ Ȗ ȊȈș Ȉ ȚȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȝȖȟț ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȊȈș ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȕȖȊȣȔ ȉóȓȤȠȐȔ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȔ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ
ȧ țȊȈȎȈȦ Ȑ ȞȍȕȦ ȊȈș
ǶȕȈ ȊȣȕțȓȈ Ȑȏ ȧȡȐȒȈ șȚȖȓȈ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȕȕȍ
— ǰȌȐȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȐȌȐȚȍ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȑȚȍ șȈȔȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ
ȅȌȊȈȘȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȑ ȗȖșȖȓ Ȋȣ ȔȖȑ

93
ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȒ — ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȖ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦ
ȊȈȔ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǵȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦ — ȧ ȗȘȖȠț
ȊȈș ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȏȌȍșȤ, ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ ȗțȚȐ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ Ȗ ȍȋȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȈ-
ȕȐȐ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȖȚȌȈȌȐȚȍ — ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȑȚȍșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȇ șȍȑȟȈș ȓȧȋț Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȝȖȘȖȠȖ ǭșȓȐ
ȅȌȊȈȘȌ ȌȈșȚ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ — ȗȘȐȠȓȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ
ȍȋȖ ș ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȘȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȎȌȈȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ
ȊȍȌțȡȍȔ șȦȌȈ ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ ȟȍȔț ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ — ȅȌȊȈȘȌ
ȕȍ ȌȈșȚ ȊȈȔ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȔȖȍ — ȚȖȋȌȈ ȌȈȑȚȍ
ȋȖȘȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȊȖȚ ȥȚț ȋȍȖȘȋȐȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȍșȤ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȉȣȓȈ ț Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ȋ ȊȖȓȖșȈȝ — ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ ȇ ȉțȌț ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ
ǶȕȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒț — Ȑ ȧ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
țȋȕȍȚȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȇ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȍȍ ȌȖ ȉȍȏț-
ȔȐȧ — Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ ȇ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȍȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ șȊȖȦ
ȌțȠț șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȟȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȊȍȘțȦ-
ȡȐȑ șȊȖȍ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ — Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȗȖșȓȖȔ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȕȍ-
ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖȔț ȍȍ șȓȍȏ ȍȍ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȊ ȍȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ș țȔȈ șȖȑȌț — Ȉȝ ȌȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȕȈȗȖȓȖ-
ȊȐȕț șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȅȚȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȍȌȐȕșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȍȔ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ȇ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȉ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȗȖȌ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȔ ȗȘȐ ȔȐ-
ȋȈȦȡȍȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȋȈȏȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȍȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
©ǬȘțȋ ȔȖȑ — ȗȐșȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȍȔț — ȇ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȖ-
ȉȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠț ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ǷȘȐȔȐ ȊȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȖȚ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȍȑ ȏȈȉȖȚȣ Ȗ ȚȊȖȍȔ șȗȈșȍȕȐȐ ȇ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑ țȋȘȖȎȈȚȤ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ Țȍ-
ȉȧ — Ȑ țȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȇ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȦ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǰȏȊȐȕȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ Ȋȣș-
ȓțȠȈȑ ȔȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȇ ȌȖȒȈȎț Țȍȉȍ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕțȦ ȓȦ-
ȉȖȊȤ ȔȖȦ ȎȍȘȚȊțȧ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȊșȍȔ-ȊșȍȔ Ȑ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȖȉȘȣȔ ȐȔȍ-
ȕȍȔ Ȑ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȇ țȉȍȋț ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȍȡȍ șȍ-
ȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȍȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȐȋȘȣ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ǵȖ ȕȍȚ
ȥȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǺȈȒ ȕȈȗȐȠȐ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ³ȇ ȕȍ ȐȌț Ȋ ȐȋȖȘȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ȌȍȓȈȦ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȓ
ȕȈȠȍȔț ȗȖȉȍȋț´ ȇ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȉȣ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ țȚȘȖȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȧ
ȕȐȟȤȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ǮȌȐ ș ȥȒȐȗȈȎȍȔ ȕȈ țȋȓț ȕȈȠȍȑ țȓȐȞȣ
ǰȚȈȒ ȕȈȗȐȠȐ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ³ȇ ȕȍ ȐȌț Ȋ

94
ȐȋȖȘȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ´, — Ȑ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣª
ǬȖȟȐȚȈȊ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȧ ȓȐȠȐȓșȧ ȟțȊșȚȊ Ȑ țȗȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ
ȌȖȔȖȔ dzȦȌȐ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȤȧȕ Ȑ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ǶȗȖȔȕȐȓșȧ ȧ
Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȚȤ ǿȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ"
ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȈ Ȋ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ
șȊȖȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȘȈȏȘȣ-
ȊȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȑ Ȑ ȒȖȔț-ȓȐȉȖ
 ȕȖ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȠȓȈ ȕȈ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ
©ȅȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ șȈȔ șȍȉȍ — ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȈ-
ȌȍȚ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȐª
ǵȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" DzȈȒȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȐȔȍȓ ȧ ȊȍȘ-
ȕțȚȤșȧ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȔȍ-
ȘȍȊȈȍȚșȧ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ" DzȚȖ ȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ" ǹȓțȋȈ ȍȍ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȇ ȘȊȈȓ ȊȖ-
ȓȖșȣ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ ȞȈȘȈȗȈȓ ȕȖȋȚȧȔȐ ȓȐȞȖ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȌȢȍ-
ȝȈȓ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ șȓțȋȈ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ ț ȊȖȘȖȚ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȓȖȘȌ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕ ȅȚȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ
ȉȣȓ ȕȈȍȔȕȣȑ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȔț ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȘț-
ȟȍȕȐȦ șȓțȋȈ ǵȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ Ȗȕ ȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ȐȋȖȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ Ȋ ȕȈȍȔȕȖȔ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǭȍ
ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȉȣȓȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ Ȋșȍ ȐȏȔȧȚȖȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȈȓȤ-
Ȟȣ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȎȐȔȈȓȐșȤ dzȖȘȌ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕ țȏȕȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ,
Ȑ ȋȕȍȊ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ.
— ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ȐȡȍȚȍ" — ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ — ǪȈș
ȗȖșȓȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒț ȊȈȠȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ"
ȇ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒț ș ȗȐșȤȔȖȔ ȕȖ șȚȐșȕțȚȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȐ-
ȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ șȎȈȚȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ
ǫțȉȣ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ Ȑ ȏțȉȣ șȚțȟȈȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț
— ǵȍ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒț ȗȖșȓȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ȔȖȧ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ
ȝȖȟȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ ȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ȐȋȖȘȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ
ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
— ǰ Ȋșȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȖȚȖȌȊȐ-
ȕțȊ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȥȒȐȗȈȎț ǻȎȍ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȕȖȋț
ȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȖȎȒț Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
— ǿȚȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȑ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǿȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ — ȝȔțȘȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ǿȚȖ ȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ
ȅȒȐȗȈȎ ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓ ȗȖ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȚȈȓȖ
ȓȍȋȟȍ ȕȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȗȈșȍȕȈ ǬȐȒȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȏȈȉțȠȍ-

95
ȊȈȓȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȇ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ
©ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȦ ȍȑª — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ șȍȉȍ țȊȐȌȈȊ Ȋ ȒȖ-
ȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȋȖȘȕȐȟȕțȦ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȍȑ țȊȧȌȠțȦ țȎȍ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȉȍȓțȦ ȋȍȖȘȋȐȕț
ǵȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȉȍ-
ȏțȔȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ" ǶȉȔȈȕțȓ ȍȍ ȇ Ȕȧȓ ȍȍ ȗȐ-
șȤȔȖ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȘȈȏȎȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ
ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈ țȎȍ ȖȗțȝȠȐȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ
ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȧ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȗȓȈ-
ȒȈȓ ȉȐȓșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȗ șȚȍȕȣ ȒȈȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȗȖȓț ǹȊȍȚȈȓȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȧ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ DzȘȈȚȟȈȑȠȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȧ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȓȖȘȌț
ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕț ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȍȔț ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȐșȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȑ
ȖȉȔȈȕ
ȇ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ ț ȍȋȖ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ǵȕȍ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ
țȌȐȊȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȚȈȔ ȕȍ șȗȈȓȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȑ ȟȈș
ȇ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕȈ ǭȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȕȖ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ
ș ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȑ, ȒȈȒ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȗȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȦ ȓȐȞȈ
ȒȈȔȍȘȌȐȕȍȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȕȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȎȌȈȓȐ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȉȍșȗȖ-
ȒȖȑșȚȊȖȔ
— ǭȋȖ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȔȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȍț-
ȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ — ǪșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȔȈ" ǷȖ-
șȖȓȤșȚȊȖ ȔȖȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ Ȋȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ
Ƕȕ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ
— Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȔȈ ȕȖȟȤȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȚȖȔ — Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȘȈș-
șȊȍȚȖȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ țȍȝȈȓ ȇ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȊȈȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȌțȥȓȐ
ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ
Ǵȣ ȖȉȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ǩȣȓȖ țȎȍ șȖȊșȍȔ țȚȘȖ,
ȕȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȖșȤ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ǫ șȊȖȍȔ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȧ
ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǮȌȈȓ ȧ ȟȈș ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ,
ȚȘȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ
ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȠȈȋȐ Ȑ ȒȈȔȍȘȌȐȕȍȘ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȓȖȘȌț
ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕț Ƕȕ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȊȐȌȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ
ȏȌȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔ ȕȖ ȓȖȘȌ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȘȈȟȍȕ Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȍȕ
— ǫȖȚȖȊȤ Ȋșȍ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ Ȓ ȖȚȢȍȏȌț — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ
ȉȍȋț Ȑȏ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ
ǻȊȐȌȍȊ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȊȣȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ

96
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȉȖȓȤ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȍ
— Ǩȝ ȌȖȉȘȈȧ șțȌȤȉȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȈ ȊȈș șȦȌȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ
— ȇ ȕȈȗȐȠț ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚȌȈȌȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȅȌȐȚȍ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ —
șȍșȚȘȍ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǨȕȋțșȈ
Ƕȕ șȍȓ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȐșȈȓ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȍ ȒȈȔȍȘȌȐȕȍȘ șȗȍȠȕȖ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ
— ǪȖȚ ȗȐșȤȔȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȊ ȗȐșȈȚȤ — ȊȖȚ ȗȐșȤ-
ȔȖ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȑȚȍ ȍȋȖ șȘȈȏț
DzȈȒ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȠȈȚȈȧșȤ ȧ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ
țȓȐȞȈȔ ȇ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȍȔț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍ ȐșȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓșȧ ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ
ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǶȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȖ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȏȈȒȓȍȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȕ-
ȊȍȘȚ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȈȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ — Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ
©ȅȌȐȚȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ țȔȖȓȧȦ Țȍȉȧ ȗȘȖșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȕȍ-
ȋȖȌȧȑ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȑ Ƕ ȍșȓȐ ȉ ȧ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȓșȧ ȚȊȖȐȝ
ȗȘȖșȤȉ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ ȇ ȐȋȘȈȓ ȐȋȘȈȓ — ȕȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȖ ǪȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȐȋȘȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ șșȖȘȈ Ǫ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȧ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȒȈ-
ȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ǪșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ț ȕȈș ȉȣȓȈ ȌțȥȓȤ ȕȈ ȘȈș-
șȊȍȚȍ — Ȑ ȧ ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȐȓ ȍȋȖ ǵȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȉȍȋț ȊȖ
ǼȘȈȕȞȐȦ ǯȈȒȓȐȕȈȦ Țȍȉȧ ǩȖȋȖȔ ȎȐȊȣȔ ȌȈȑ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȌȕȐȔ
șȓȖȊȖȔ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȍȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȗȘȈȊȍ
ȕȈȌȍȧȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ Țȣ ȗȘȖșȚȐȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ DzȓȧȕțșȤ Țȍ-
ȉȍ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȍȑ ȌțȠȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȐȋȘȈȚȤ
ǷȈȌȈȦ ȗȘȍȌ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ǵȈȗȐȠȐ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȌȕȖ ȍȌȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȔȖȍȑ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȍȑ SRVWH
restante!*»
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȌȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȌȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȊȖ-
Ȗȉȡȍ ȌțȔȈȓ ȓȐ ȧ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȓ ȓȐ ȉȖȘȖȓșȧ ȓȐ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ șȖ-
ȊȍșȚȤȦ ȏȕȈȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȓȖȎȐȓ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȍȍ Ȑ
șȗȘȧȚȈȓ Ȑȝ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ
ȗȖȌȓțȦ ȐȏȔȍȕț Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ
ǸȖȑȒȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ƕȕ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȈȝȓȍ-
ȉȣȊȈȓșȧ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ȧ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ
— ǰ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȝȖȚȤ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȐșȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȋȘȍȝ?
— ǵȍ ȔȖȋ Ȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȓȖȘȌ Ǩȕȋțș ȗȖșȓȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȀȖȚȓȈȕȌȐȦ Ȑ Ȋ ȏȈ-
* Ⱦɨ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɪ).

97
ȔȖȒ Ǩȕȋțș-ǴȈȕȖȘ ȧ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȍșȧȞ ǷȘȐȍȝȈȓ
ȧ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖșȓȍ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ ȅȌȐȚȣ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȏȈ ȚȖȋȖ
ș ȒȍȔ ȖȉȘțȟȐȓȐ ȍȍ ȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȕȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ Ǫ
ȗȖȓțȖȉȔȖȘȖȒȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȘțșȚȐ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȍȑ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ țȎȍ țȔȍȘȓȈ
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȉȈȓț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȈȓ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ ȓȖȘȌ
Ǩȕȋțș ȕȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȤȍ ș ȕȍȑ ǵȈ ȕȍȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏțȔȘțȌȣ
ȗȘȈȉȈȉțȠȒȐ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȐșȍȓ Ȋ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȍ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ȍȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȋ
Ǩȕȋțș-ǴȈȕȖȘ ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȍȏ ȌțȠȐ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȍȍ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉț ǰ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȍȍ țȉȐȑȞȍȑ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȕȈ țȍȝȈȓȈ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȔțȎȍȔ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȋ
ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ǰȚȈȓȐȦ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȎ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȇ șȓȍȋ Ȋ
ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȓ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ǫ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȍ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚșȧ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ș
ȓȖȘȌȖȔ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍȕȈȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȤ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȖ ȧ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȉȖȧȓșȧ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ǹ ȓȖȘȌȖȔ ǬȈȓȤȚȖȕȖȔ ȅȌȐȚȈ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ-
șȧ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ Ȗ ȍȍ șȊȈȌȤȉȍ — Ȗȕ
ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȐȓșȧ
ǴȖȘȖȏ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ Țȍȓț ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȖ Ȋ ȋȘț-
ȌȐ
— ǰ Ȋȣ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓȐ ȥȚȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ȇ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ ȌȘȖȎȈ ȊșȍȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ
Ƕȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ ȕȈ țȝȖ
— ȅȌȐȚȈ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȖȓȍȓȈ șȓȈȉȍȓȈ
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ țȔȐȘȈȓȈ ȖȚ șȒȖȘȉȐ ȇ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ȍȍ
ȉȘȈȚȈ Ȑ ȉȖȘȧșȤ ș ȕțȎȌȖȑ ȠȈȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖ dzȖȕȌȖȕț Ƕ ȍȍ ȉȖȓȍȏ-
ȕȐ ȧ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȖȚ ȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȈȔȍȘȌȐȕȍȘȈ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǬȈȓȤ-
ȚȖȕȈ ǷȍȠȒȖȔ ȧ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ ȏȈȔȒȈ Ǩȕȋțș-ǴȈȕȖȘ țȏȕȈȊ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ
ȚȈȔ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ Ȑ ȘȈȌȐ ǩȖȋȈ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȐ ȗȖ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȕȍȑ ǬȖȓȋȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ —
ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ țȎȍ ȕȈ ȘțȉȍȎȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȍȑ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȐ Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ ǨȕȋȍȓȤșȒȐ ȌȖȉȘȈȧ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȚ-
ȟȈș Ȏȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓȈ ȔȖȦ ȗȘȖșȤȉț ȇ ȗȖȓȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ț ȍȍ
ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȇ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȘțȒȐ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍ

98
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ — șȚȖȕȈȓ ȧ — ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ
ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȟȍȋȖ ȧ ȝȖȟț
— ȇ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȊȣȊȍșȚȐ Ȑȏ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȒȈȒ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ — ȇ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ ȇ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓ ȊȈș
ȇ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȊȈș — Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț țȉȐȓ ȊȈș Ȑ ȍȋȖ ǹȔȖȚ-
ȘȐȚȍ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȊȖȚ ȌȊȈ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȐȕȍ ȗȖ
ȔȖȍȔț ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȠȓȐ ȕȐ ȌȖ ȊȈș ȕȐ ȌȖ
ȕȍȋȖ
ȇ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȍȑ ȖȉȈ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȓȐșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ
țȏȕȈȓȈ ȗȖȟȍȘȒ șȊȖȑ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȑ Șț-
ȔȧȕȍȞ ȖȉȓȐȓ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǸȣȌȈȕȐȍ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ț ȕȍȍ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȓȈ
ȖȕȈ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ
Ȉ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ — ȉȣȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȖșȚȖȕȈȚȤ
ǵȖ ȅȌȐȚȈ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȈȋȖȕȐȐ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐ
șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǵț Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȚȈȒ
ȧ țȉȐȓ Ȑ ȍȍ
— ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ ȖȗțșȒȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȊȣ-
ȘȈȏȐȔȖȔ țȎȈșȍ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ — ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȉȍȏțȔȐȐ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ǸȖȑȒȖ — ǵȍȚ ȧ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȔ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȊȈȔ — ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȥȚȖȚ șȚȘȈȝ Ȑ ȕȍȊȣ-
ȘȈȏȐȔȈȧ ȔțȒȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȋȖȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȐȏȓȖȔ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȔ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȒțȌȈ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȐ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȉȍȏțȔșȚȊțȦȡȍȋȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈȑȌȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ
ȥȗȐȓȍȗȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȍ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȚȖȑ șȒȈȓȣ ȔȐ-
ȓȖșȍȘȌȕȖ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐ ȉȍȌȕȧȒȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȖȌ ȒȘȖȊ ȏȈȔȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȕȈ țȔȍȘȓȈ ǬȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȋ ȚȖȑ
șȊȖȌȟȈȚȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȖȚ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȏȈȕȈ-
Ȋȍșȣ ȏȈșȓȖȕȧȧ ȖȒȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȍș-
ȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȔȣșȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȚȤ Ȑȝ ȥȚȐ ȏȈȕȈȊȍ-
șȣ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ Ȑȝ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ
ȗȖȕȧȓ ȒȖȋȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȚȈȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ
șȚȖȐȚ ȖȕȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȗȖșȐȕȍȊȠȈȧ șȖ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȖȉȊȍȠȈȕȕȈȧ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȧȔȐ Ȑȏ ȐȏțȔȘțȌȖȊ Ȑ
ȖȗȈȓȖȊ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȈȌȕȖȔ ȓȖȎȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖ-
ȋȘȍȉȍȕȐȍȔ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȔ ȐșȒȘȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȈ țșȚȈȝ

99
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȖȚ ȚȈȒ șȚȖȐȚ ȚȈȔ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȓț-
ȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȌȐșȒ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ Ȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȍ
Ȉ ȗțșȚȣȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȍ șȕȍȋȖȔ ȗȖȓȧ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȦȚșȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ Ȋ
șȐȕȍȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ șȊȍȚȓȣȍ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ-ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȒȈȒ
ȗțșȚȖȚȈ Ȑ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ — Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȔ!..
ǸȖȑȒȖ șȕȖȊȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȗȍȕȈ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȕȈ
ȋțȉȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȐșȒȘȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȝ ȊȣȓȍȚȈȓ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȑ
ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȍȊ șȓȖȊȕȖ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ Ǫ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ
ȧ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ȒȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȔț ȕȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊȣȕȍșȚȐ
ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȧ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȊșȍȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȑ
Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȧșȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȋ ǿȍȝȐȐ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕț Ȑȏ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠțȦ ©ǹȚȘȈȝȐ ȖȉȗȖȓȏȈȦȚ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧª ǰ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȉȗȖȓȏȈȓȐ șȚȘȈȝȐ ǷȍȘȍșȐȓȐȊȈȧ șȍȉȧ
ȧ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȔț ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔțȦ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ șȚȖȕȈȚȤ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȌ-
ȊȐȎȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȧ țȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ©ȗȖȌ țȚȖȗȈȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȔȣȑ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ
ȇ șȖȊȓȈȌȈȓ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȟȈșȖȊȖȋȖ ȉȍȋȈȕȤȧ ȉȍȏ
ȞȍȓȐ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ — ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȘȈȏȕȖȘȖȌȕȣȝ
șȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȦȡȐȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ — Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓ-
șȧ Ȓ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȖȟȤ ǪȍȌȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐȏȖȘȈ Ȉ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȋȖșȗȖȎȐ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȣ ț ȒȖȚȖ-

100
ȘȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȝȓȖȗȖȚ ș ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȍȑ Ȑ șȊȖȐ-
ȔȐ șȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈȔȐ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȊȍȌȖȊȈȊȠȈȧ
Ȏȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖȔ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȟȐȊȈȧ ȋȓțȝȖȊȈȚȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȥȚȈȎȈ ȔȖȋ-
ȓȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐȠȤ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȔȍșȚȐ ȒȖȔȕȈ-
Țț ȗȖșȚȓȈȚȤ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ ȐȓȐ țȋȓȧ
ȇ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ț ǸȖȑȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ȊȖȗȘȍȒȐ ȊșȍȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧȔ
ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ƕȕ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȓȍ-
ȚȈȘȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȉȍșșȐȓȐȐ Ȉ Ȓ țȚȘț ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ șȖȕ
ǹȈȔ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț șȔȍȎȐȚȤ ȋȓȈȏ Ǵȍȕȧ ȖȉȗȖȓȏȈȓȐ
Ȋșȍ șȚȘȈȝȐ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȔ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȒȈȒ-
ȚȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȧșȕȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ©ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȐșȚȍȒȈȦȡȍȍ
ȖȚ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧª ǴȐȕțȚȈȔȐ ȧ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȈȊȐȌțȦ ȗȘȍșȚțȗ-
ȕȐȒȈȔ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȈȧ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȧȔȐ Ȑ
ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȌȈȔȐ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȈȧ Ȑȝ șȒȘȣȚȣȍ
ȋȘȖȏȕȣȍ ȕȖ ȉȍșȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȓȍȒțȡȐȍ
ȟțȌȍșȈ Ȑ ȟȈȘȣ ȇ șȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȏȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț șȓȖȊȕȖ ȉȖȧșȤ
ȏȈ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ șȊȖȍȋȖ țȔȈ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȖȚȋȖȕȧȓ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ ȥȚȐ
ȔȣșȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȋȓȈȏȈ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǨȕȋțșȈ ȈȌȍȗ-
ȚȈ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȕȐȑ șȔȖȚȘȧȡȐȍ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȘȈș-
ȗȖȏȕȈȦȡȐȍ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȎȈȎȌțȚ ©ȗȖșȊȧ-
ȡȍȕȐȧª ǹȚȈȘȣȍ ȔȍȟȚȣ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤ-
șȧ ș ȒȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȒȚȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ
ȗȖȘȖȋ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȑ ȔȐȘ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȉțȘȕȖ
ȘȖȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȌțȠȍ ǪȍȌȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗțșȚȣȍ Ȕȍȟ-
Țȣ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȎȐȓȐ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ
ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȣȝ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȋȈȌȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȊȖȑȚȐ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȋ
șȖȦȏ
ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ȕȈ
șȚȈȘțȦ ȊȍȒȖȊțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȖȔȖȓȖȎȍȕȕțȦ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȌțȠȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȈ ȏȊȍȏȌ ȊȖ ȚȤȔȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȖȐȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȒȖȗȖȠȐȓȐșȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȣ ȐȌțȡȐȝ ȗȖ ȉȍȏȉȘȍȎ-
ȕȣȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈȔ ȌțȝȖȊ Ȑ șȊȍȘȝȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ
ȈȕȋȍȓȖȊ Ȑ ȓȧȘȊ ȋȍȕȐȍȊ Ȑ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȏȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓȓȣ-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȋșȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȋ ȉȍȏȔȍȘȕȖȑ
ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȏȈȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȈȧ ȔȋȓȐșȚȈȧ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟ-
ȕȈȧ Ȑ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȈȧ ȏȈȊȍșȈ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȊȣșȠȐȍ

101
ȐșȚȐȕȣ Ȑ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȈȉȐȓȖșȤ ȉțȘȕȖȑ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȑ ȕȈȌȍȎ-
ȌȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȧ ȉțȌț Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȝȖȚȤ ȒȘȈȑ
ȍȍ ȒȘȈȧ ǷȖȓșȚȖȓȍȚȐȧ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȟȚȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚț ȒȖȘȖȚ-
ȒțȦ ȕȖȟȤ
ǻȚȘȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ țșȚȈȓȣȑ Ȑ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȍ ȚțȗȖȍ ȉȍșȗȈȔȧȚșȚȊȖ
ǬȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȓȍȕ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȔȖȋ
ȊșȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ©ȗȖȌ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª ǷȘȍȎȌȍ
ȊșȍȋȖ ȧ ȏȈȠȍȓ Ȓ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȐ ǶȕȈ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈ
ȝȖȚȧ ȘȈȕȣ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȌțȝȖȔ ȖȕȈ
șȐȓȤȕȖ țȗȈȓȈ
— ȇ ȌȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȖȚ șȈȗȖȎȕȐȒȈ ȊȕȐ-
ȏț — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȡȈȦ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠț ȗȘȐȑȚȐ ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȧ ȗȖșȓȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ Țȍȝ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ
ȌȈȓȐ ǬȍȕȤȋȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ Ȑ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȏȈȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ — ȕȖ
ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ǨȘșȍȕȍȒ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ șȈȗȖȎȕȐȒȈ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ șȍȋȖȌ-
ȕȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȓțȌȕȧ Ȋ șȒȊȍȘȍ ȏȈ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤȦ 1Ȗtre-'DPH Ȗȕ
șȐȌȍȓ ȗȖȌ ȌȍȘȍȊȖȔ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ Ǩȝ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȧ ȕȍ-
șȟȈșȚȕȈȧ
ǶȕȈ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓȈșȤ ǹȐȌȍȓȈ ȖȕȈ ș Ȗȗțȡȍȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȍȑ Ȗ ȟȍȔ șȗȘȈȠȐ-
ȊȈȦ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȊȗȖȗȈȌ ȇ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȘțșȚȕȖȔ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ șȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȓȈ, Ȑ ȏȈȠȍȓ Ȋ ©ȒȓȍȚȒț ȐȌȐȖȚȖȒª ǺȈȔ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȗȖȒȖȑ
ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ ȏȈȗȓȍȚȈȓȈ ȊȖȓȖșȣ Ȑ ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȔȈȘȒȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȒȈȟȈȓȈ ȒȘȈȑ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȌȍȧȓȈ Ȉ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȈ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȍȌț
ǭȍ ȔȐȓȈȧ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȍȍ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȉȖȌ-
ȘȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȗȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȎȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȅȚȈ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȐȔȍȓȈ șȐȓț Ȑ ȖȚȊȈȋț Ȍȓȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ǹ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȕȣ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ©ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȈȞȐȍȕ-
ȚȈȝª — Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǸȖȑȒȖ
ǰ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ș
ȊȐȌț ǷȘȈȊȌȈ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȟȘȍȏȔȍȘȕȖ șȓȈȉ ȕȖ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȐȏȉȐȚȣ Ȑ ȐȏȓȖȔȈȕȣ Ƕȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȈ-

102
șȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȓȍȎȈȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ șȊȈȓȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ
ǵȐ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȈș ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ
Ȗ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȍȑ țȎȈșȕȖȑ șȞȍȕȍ Ȗ ȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈ-
ȕȐȧȝ Ȑ țȎȈșȈȦȡȍȑ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȐ ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒ ©ȗȖȉȐȚȣȑª Ȑ
ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ǪȣȕțȊ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ Ȓțȗȓȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȋȈȏȍȚț ȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ Ȋșȓțȝ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ
ǵȖ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȖ ȕȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐ ǸȖȑȒȖ — Ȑ ȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȋȈ-
ȏȍȚț ȕȈ ȗȖȓ
— ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
ǸȖȑȒȖ — ȚȈȒ ȖȚȒȘȖȑȚȍ ȕȐȎȕȐȑ ȧȡȐȒ șȚȖȓȈ ǺȈȔ ȍșȚȤ ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȈȧ ȗȈȗȒȈ Ȉ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȐșȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȐșȚȖȊ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ǹȘȍ-
ȌȐ ȕȐȝ Ȋȣ ȕȈȑȌȍȚȍ ȒȖȗȐȦ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȍȍ DzțȐȕ-
șȐ ©dzȍȊȈȕȈ Ȑ ȚȘȐ ǴȈȚȍȘȐ ǹȒȖȘȉȐª ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈȐ-
ȏțșȚȤ ȕȖ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȓ ȉȣ ȍșȓȐ ȉ Ȋȣ ȗȘȖȟȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȕȕȍ
Ǫ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ
Ȋșȓțȝ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ȕȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȍȍ ȚȈȒ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȇ ȗȘȐȊȖȎț
ȏȌȍșȤ ȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ
ȗȖȏȎȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍ-
șȚȈȊȈȓȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ǶȕȖ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ Ȑș-
ȚȐȕȕȖȔ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ șȘȈȏț ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ Ȏȍ ȟȚȍȕȐȐ
dzȍȊȈȕȈ Ȑ ǴȈȚȍȘȐ ǹȒȖȘȉȐ
ǿȈșȚȖ Ȋ ǶȒșȜȖȘȌȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȧ ȊȖ șȕȍ dzȍȊȈȕț
ȇ țȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȗȖ ȍȍ ȘȐȔșȒȐȔ șȐȔȊȖȓȈȔ
DzȚȖ Ȏȍ ȚȈȒȈȧ dzȍȊȈȕȈ"
ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȑ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȖȉ-
ȘȍȚȍȕȐȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ țȟȍȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ șȍȘȌȐȚȤșȧ
ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȍȔț Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
dzȍȊȈȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȐȔșȒȖȑ ȉȖȋȐȕȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓȈ ȗȘȐ
ȕȖȊȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȖȔ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȍ ȗȍȘȊțȦ șȓțȎȉț ȖȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȎȐȊȈȦȡȍȑ
ȒȘȖȚȖșȚȐ ȧȊȓȧȧ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȈȝ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȍ șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
ȊșȦȌț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț Ȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȚț ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȝ șȐȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑ Ȋ

103
ȧȏȣȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȐȘ ȕȐșȝȖȌȧȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȍȔț ȖȗȖȘȖȑ
Ǫ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ
ȊȌȣȝȈȓ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȣ ȍȋȖ ȒȓȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȦǵȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȊȣșȠȍȍ ȚȊȖȘȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȏȈȓȖ ȊȖ ȗȘȈȝȍ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȖȚȍȞ ȐȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȑ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓ Șȍȉȍȕ-
ȒȈ ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȍȔț șȊȣșȖȒȈ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤșȧ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȞȈȘȦ
ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ Ȋ
șȍȘȌȞȍ șȊȖȍȔ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ©ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȊȖȚ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ
ȊȈșª
ȅȚȖȚ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȉȘȧȌ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȖȉȖȦ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ-
ȕȖșȚȐ dzȍȊȈȕȣ
ǰ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȓȈȌȣȟȐȞȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐ ȗȘȍȌ
ȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȓȐȞȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖ șȕȍ
 Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȏȈȔȍșȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ șȊȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȖȚ ȓȈȚȐȕ-
șȒȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐȔ șȓȖ-
ȊȖȔ
 levare — ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȒȊȍȘȝț
ǪȖȚ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ȐȔȍȕȐ dzȍȊȈȕȣ
ǯȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ dzȍȊȈȕț ȏȈ
ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ șȐȓț ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȦȡțȦ ȏȈ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍȔ
ȌȍȚȍȑ
ǶȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȘȐ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȞȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ Ȋȣȕȍș-
ȚȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ țȕȐȎȍȕȐȧ șțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȈ ȖȚȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȍȍ ȊȣșȖȒȖȍ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ
ȉȣ ȊȣȚȍȘȗȍȚȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ țȕȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖ-
Ȍȧȡȍȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ȍȋȖ ȊȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȖȕȈ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȚ ȏȈ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ.
ǵȖ ȗȖȌ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍȔ dzȍȊȈȕȣ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȕȍ Țț ȎȈȓ-
ȒțȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȊȐȎȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȉțȒȊȈȘȍȑ Ȑ
ȋȘȈȔȔȈȚȐȒ Ȉ ȔȖȋțȟțȦ șȐșȚȍȔț șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ șȐȓ șȖȒȘȣȚțȦ
Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ ȓȖȕȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȘȐ ȗȖșȘȍȌ-
șȚȊȍ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȐșȒțȠȍȕȐȧ șȐȓȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ
ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȈ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȕȐ ȌȕȍȔ
ȕȐ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
șȈȔ ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ ȒȘțȋ Țȍȝ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȑ ȕȖȟȍȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȒȈȒ
ȕȍțȚȖȔȐȔȣȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȦȡȐȍ Ȋ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍ șȗȐȞȣ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȒȘțȎȈȚ-
șȧ

104
ǰ ȍșȓȐ dzȍȊȈȕȈ ș ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȞȈȔȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȚ șȊȖȍ
ȌȍȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ țȊȈȎȈȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ șȒȖȘȉȐ
ǵȖ Țȣ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȚȐ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ
ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȦȚșȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȒȖȘȉȐ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȧ"
ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȍȏȌȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣ Ȓ ȕȍȑ
ǵȖ ȍșȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚȍ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
țȔȐȘȈȦȚ ȖȚ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ
ȇ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑ
ǷȘȈȊȐȓȈ ȠȒȖȓȣ Ȋ ǰȚȖȕȍ ȚȘȍȉțȦȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ
ȚȈȔ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ
Ƕȕ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȕȈ ȊȖșȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȉ ȗȖ-
șȚțȗȈȍȚ ȚțȌȈ ȕȈ ȠȍșȚȖȔ
ǬȍȚȐ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ ȖȚ ȔȈȚȍȘȍȑ Ȑ șȍșȚȍȘ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȟȈșȚȖ țȔȐȘȈȦȚ
ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȦ
ǵȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ȗȍ-
ȟȈȓȤȦ Ȑ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȖȕȈ — ȗȍȟȈȓȤ.
ǷȍȟȈȓȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ țȉȐȓȈ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȟȍȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț-ȚȖ dzȍȊȈȕȈ ȟȈșȚȖ șȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ș șȐȓȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȦȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈ-
șȚȕȖ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȐȓȈ șȒȖȘȉȤ
©ȅȚȐ ȊȓȈȌȣȟȐȞȣ — ȚȐȝȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȧ șȍȉȍ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȔȖȡȕȐȞ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȈ dzȍȊȈȕȈ — ȥȚȖ ǹȒȖȘȉȐ
Ȑ Ȑȝ ȚȘȐ ȒȈȒ ȚȘȐ ǫȘȈȞȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ țȒȘȈȠȈȦȚ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȍșȚȤ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȚȘȐ ǷȈȘȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȒțȚ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȚȒȈ-
ȕȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȧȓȤȞȈȝ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȒȈȝ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ ȚȘȈțȘȕȣȝ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȋȕȍȊȕȖ ȚȘȈ-
ȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȗțȘȗțȘȖȔ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȚȖȑ; ȚȈȒȎȍ ȍșȚȤ ȚȘȐ ǼțȘȐȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈ ȏȖȊ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȚ ș ȚȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȋȘȖȉȈ ȔșȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȋȘȍȝȐ,
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘȐ Ǵțȏȣ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȕȈșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȐ ȈȘȜț ȚȘțȉț Ȑ ȓȦȚȕȦ ȕȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȍ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȐ
șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȈ
ȅȚȖ ǹȒȖȘȉȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ Ȋșȍȝ ȚȘȍȝª
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ǶȒșȜȖȘȌȍ ȧ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓ ©ǰȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȖȌȕț Ȉ ȌȊțȝ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ
ȉȣȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ țȏȕȈȦ ȗȖșȓȍª
ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȊȍșȕȖȑ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȋȓȐ-

105
șȚȖ ȖȉȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȜȖȕȍ ȔȖȐȝ șȕȖȊ
 ȕȍȧșȕȣȍ
ȒȖȕȚțȘȣ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ șȍșȚȍȘ
ȅȚȐ șȍșȚȘȣ — ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ"
ǭșȓȐ ȧ șȒȈȎț ȗȘȖșȚȖ ©ǹȒȖȘȉȐª — ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȟȤ
ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ șȒȖȘȉȐ ȓȐȟȕȖȑ Ȗ ȔȍȓȒȐȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ șȒȖȘȉȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ
Ȕȕȍ ȕțȎȍȕ ȚȍȘȔȐȕ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȈȉșȚȘȈȒȞȐȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȝȖȌȧȚ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ-
șȒȖȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ Ȑ ȧ șȚȈȘȈȦșȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȖȓȐȞȍȚȊȖȘȍ-
ȕȐȧȝ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȖȉȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȜțȕȒȞȐȧȔȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȚȍȓȖ
ǺȈȒ ȕȈȏȖȊȍȔ Ȑȝ ©ǴȈȚȍȘȧȔȐ ǹȒȖȘȉȐª
ȇ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȦ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȧ Ȋșȍ Ȑȝ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ
ȅȚȖ ȚȘȐ șȍșȚȘȣ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȈ Ȑȝ ȗțȚȐ
ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȘȈșȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ
ȒȖȕȞȈ
ǰ ȧ ȟȈșȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑȝ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ ș dzȍȊȈȕȖȑ ȐȕȖ-
ȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ"
Ǩȝ ȖȚȕȦȌȤ ȕȍȚ
ǪȐȌȍȕȤȧ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȦȚ ȕȍșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȈ
ȘȍȟȐ
ǶȕȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȎȐȊțȚ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȈȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȕȖ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ
ȖȕȐ ȕȐ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ ȕȐ ȏȊțȒȖȊ ȊȍȟȕȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚȊțȍȚ Ȋ
ȞȈȘșȚȊȈȝ Ȑȝ
ǶȕȐ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ ș dzȍȊȈȕȖȑ ȕȍ
ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȍȓȐ ȝȖȚȧ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ
ȉȣ ȗȍȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ
Ȑȝ ȚȈȑȕ ȕȈ ȈȘȜȈȝ Ȑ ȚȈȔȉțȘȐȕȈȝ ȕȈ ȞȐȔȉȈȓȈȝ Ȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȈȝ
DzȈȒ ǩȖȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț șȓțȎȈȚ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȎȍȓȈȕȤȧ
șȊȖȐ ȕȍ ȏȊțȒȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȐșȟȍȏȈȦȚ ȕȍ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȖȠȐȉȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȦȚ Ȉ ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚȈ-
ȔȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȤȧȔȐ șȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȘȍȒ ȋȍȘȈȓȤȌȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȘȐșțȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȈȝ ȚȤȔȣ Ȑ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȈȔȐ Ȋȣșȍȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȏȋȖȊȣȝ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȈȝ
ǶȕȐ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ ȒȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ ȧ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȠȈȋȐ Ȑȝ
ǶȕȐ șȐȋȕȈȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ <ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȖȋȖ> ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȧ
ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȓ Ȑȝ șȐȋȕȈȓȣ

106
ǶȕȐ ȟȐȕȐȓȐ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ ȔȖȑ ȋȓȈȏ șȓȍȌȐȓ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȏȈ Ȑȝ
țȔȣșȓȈȔȐ
ǰȝ ȉȣȓȐ șȐȔȊȖȓȣ șȓȖȊȈ Ȏȍ — ȔȖȐ.
DzȚȖ ȥȚȐ șȍșȚȘȣ"
ǿȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ"
ȇ ȖȗȐȠț Ȑȝ ȖȉȘȈȏ Ȑ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȍșȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȒȖȕȚțȘȣ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋȍȟȕȣȍ ȗȖȘȣȊȣ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ
șȕȖȊȈ Ȋȍȟȕȣȍ ȖȚșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ șȘȍȌȐ Țȍȕȍȑ
ǹȚȈȘȠțȦ Ȑȏ ȚȘȍȝ șȍșȚȍȘ ȏȖȊțȚ 0DWHU Lacrimarum — ǴȈȚȤ
ǹȓȍȏ
ȅȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤ ȘȖȗȡȍȚ Ȑ ȉȍȏțȔșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȧ
șȒȘȣȊȠȐȍșȧ ȖȉȓȐȒȐ
ǶȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ Ȋ ǸȐȔȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ șȓȣȠȍȕ ȋȖȘȍșȚȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș
— ȋȖȓȖș ǸȈȝȐȓȐ ȗȓȈȟțȡȍȑ Ȗ ȌȍȚȧȝ șȊȖȐȝ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȡȍȑ țȚȍ-
ȠȐȚȤșȧ
ǶȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ Ȋ ǪȐȜȓȍȍȔȍ Ȋ Țț ȕȖȟȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȍȟ ǰȘȖȌȈ Ȗȗț-
șȚȖȠȈȓ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȐ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȕȣ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȠȈȎȒȐ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈȊȍȘ-
ȝț Ȋ ȌȍȚșȒȐȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȝ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȈȓ Ȋ ȓȦȉȧȡȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȌȖȔȈȠ-
ȕȐȝ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕțȦ ȌȘȖȎȤ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȉȍȏ ȥȝȖ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍ-
șȈȝǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȚȖ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣ ȚȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ ȚȖ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣ ȚȖ
șȖȕȕȣ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȚșȧ ȖȕȐ Ȓ ȕȍȉȍșȈȔ ȟȈșȚȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȚ
ǵȍȉȖ
ǵȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ț ȕȍȍ ȌȐȈȌȍȔȈ
Ǩ Ȑȏ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ ȌȍȚșȒȐȝ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ș ȊȍȚȘȈȔȐ ȖȕȈ
ȔȖȎȍȚ țȓȍȚȍȚȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ țșȓȣȠȐȚ ȘȣȌȈȕȤȧ ȔȖȓȍȕȐȑ
ȐȓȐ ȋȘȖȔ ȖȘȋȈȕȖȊ ȐȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȐȦ ȓȍȚȕȐȝ Țțȟ
ȅȚȈ șȍșȚȘȈ șȈȔȈȧ șȚȈȘȠȈȧ ȕȖșȐȚ ț ȗȖȧșȈ ȒȓȦȟȐ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȍȍ ȘȈȑșȒȐȝ ȖȚȗȐȘȈȦȡȐȍ ȒȈȎȌțȦ Ȑȏȉț Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ
ǶȕȈ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȧ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖȌȕȍȍ ȓȍ-
ȚȖ ț ȓȖȎȈ șȓȍȗȖȋȖ ȕȐȡȍȋȖ ȚȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȈ-
șȚȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȊȖșȤȔȐȓȍȚȕȧȧ ȕȈȉȖȎȕȈȧ ȌȖȟȒȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ș șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȔ ȓȐȟȐȒȖȔ ȊȖȏȌȍȘȎȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȐșȒțȠȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȐȋȘ Ȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕșȒȖȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȞȍȓȣȔȐ ȌȕȧȔȐ ȝȖȌȐȓȈ
ȗȖ ȗȣȓȤȕȣȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȔ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȔ ȖȚȞȖȔ
ǯȈ ȥȚȖ ǩȖȋ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȍȑ ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ ȕȈȋȘȈȌț

107
Ǫ ȊȍșȍȕȕȦȦ ȗȖȘț ȋȖȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȍȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȍșȕȈ
ȞȊȍȓȈ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȣȠȕȖ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓ ȍȍ Ȓ ǹȍȉȍ
ǵȖ șȓȍȗȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȖȗȓȈȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȍȍ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖȟȤ șȕȐȚșȧ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȘțȟȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȖȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȍ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ Ȋ
ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȚȈȓȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȋȓțȉȖ-
ȒȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȖȑ
ǺȈ Ȏȍ 0DWHU LacriPDUXP șȐȌȍȓȈ ȊșȦ ȏȐȔț șȖȘȖȒ ȗȧȚȖȋȖ
ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȑ Ȑ ȊȣȒȖȓȌȖȊȣȊȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȌȖȟȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȕȈȉȖȎȕțȦ Ȑ ȓȦȉȧȡțȦ
 ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȉȍȏȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ țȠȓȈ Ȓ ǩȖȋț Ȑ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȓȈ ȗȖșȓȍ șȍȉȧ ȚȤȔț ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ
ǷȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȒȓȦȟȍȑ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȖșȒȈȓȤȏȣȊȈȍȚ ǴȈȚȤ ǹȓȍȏ
ȕȍȗȘȖȠȍȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȋȖșȚȤȍȑ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȣȝ Ȕț-
Ȏȍȑ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȣȝ Ȏȍȕ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȣȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȖȚ ǫȈȕȋȈ ȌȖ ǵȐȓȈ ȖȚ
ǵȐȓȈ ȌȖ ǴȐșșȐșȐȗȐ
Ǩ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȘȖȌȕȈ Ȋ ȘȖȌȍ șȊȖȍȔ Ȑ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ȞȈȘșȚ-
ȊȖȔ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȍȑȠȐȔ — ȊȖȏȊȍȓȐȟȐȔ ȍȍ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ©ǴȈȌȖȕȕȣª
ǪȚȖȘțȦ șȍșȚȘț ȏȖȊțȚ 0DWHU Suspiriorum — ǴȈȚȤ ǪȏȌȖȝȖȊ
ǶȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȚțȗȈȍȚ ȗȖ ȖȉȓȈȒȈȔ ȕȍ țȓȍȚȈȍȚ ș ȊȐȝȘȧ-
ȔȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ
ǵȍ ȕȖșȐȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȌȐȈȌȍȔȣ
ǭȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȣ
ȕȐ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣ ȕȐ ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ
ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȖȊ ȍȍ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȉȣ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧ-
ȌȖȟȕȖȍ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȐȝ șȕȖȊ Ȑ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȝ ȉȍ-
ȏțȔȐȑ
ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȋȓȈȏ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȍ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȈ
ȐȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȖȔ șȊȍȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ șȒȓȖ-
ȏȕȧȍȚșȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ
ǵȍ șȚȖȕȍȚ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȍȚ ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȍȍ ǴȈȌȖȕȕȈ
— ȉȍȏțȔȕȈȧ ȔȧȚțȡȈȧșȧ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȔ ȋȕȍȊȖȔ Ȓ ȕȍȉț Ȑ ȚȘȍ-
ȏȉțȦȡȈȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȝ
ǴȈȚȤ Ȏȍ ǪȏȌȖȝȖȊ ȕȍ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȕȍ ȊȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȍȚ ȌȈ-
ȏȎȍ Ȗ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȉțȕȚȈ
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȈ ȌȖ ȗȖȌȓȖșȚȐ

108
ǶȕȈ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖșȚȤȦ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȣȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ Ȑ Ƞȍȗ-
ȟȍȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șȕȍ
ȀȍȗȟȍȚ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȔȖȑ șȍȉȍ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȊȣȠȈȍȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȋȖȓȖș ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȤȧȝ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȝ Ȏȍ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȈȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ ȒȖȋȌȈ
țȎȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ țȠȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȒȖȑ
ȅȚȈ șȍșȚȘȈ ȕȈȊȍȡȈȍȚ ȗȈȘȐȍȊ ȋȈȓȍȘȕȐȒȖȊ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȕȐȒȖȊ
ȊȣȟȍȘȒȕțȚȣȝ Ȑȏ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ țȋȕȍȚȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȒȈȧȕȕȐȒȖȊ
ȊȍȟȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧȡȐȝ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȋȘȖȉ ȒȈȎțȡȐȑșȧ ȐȔ ȕȐșȗȘȖ-
ȊȍȘȋȕțȚȣȔ ȈȓȚȈȘȍȔ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ ȕȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ țȎȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȍ ȖȉȍȚȣ ȕȐ țȔȖȓȧȦȡȐȍ Ȑ ȎȈȎȌțȡȐȍ
ȗȘȖȡȍȕȐȧ ȕȐ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȕȐȟȍȔ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ
ǵȍȊȖȓȤȕȐȒ ș ȉȖȧȏȓȐȊȣȔ țȗȘȍȒȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȧȡȐȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ
ȕȈ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȕȈ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȦ ȥȚț ȕȈȠț ȖȉȡțȦ ȔȈȚȤ Ȉ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȔȈȟȍȝț ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȏȍ ȕȈ
ǩȐȉȓȐȦ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȒȕțȚțȦ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
șȐȌȧȡȈȧ ȊȗȖȚȤȔȈȝ ȉȍȏ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ șȗȈșȚȐ ȍȍ
ȋȖȓȖȊț ȉȍȏ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖșȊȧȚȐȓȈ ȉȣ ȍȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖ
șȚȘȈȌȈȦȡȈȧ ȐȉȖ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȣ ȖȚ ȕȍȉȍș șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȍȍ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȉțȌȧȚ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȏȈȟȈȚȒȐ șȊȧȚȖȑ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȚȖȗȚȈȕȣ
ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ țșȓȖȊȕȖșȚȧȔȐ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȖȋȖȘȈȦȚ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌ-
ȋȘȖȉȕȣȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ Ȋ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȧ ȖȋȘȈȉȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȍȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȚȕȖȑ ȊȍșȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȏȓȣȔȐ ȘȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ǩȖȋ ȕȈȒȈ-
ȎȍȚ Ȋșȍ țȏȕȐȒȐ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȐȞȈȝ Ȋșȍ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȣȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ Ȋșȍ ȐșȚȖȘȋȕțȚȣȍ Ȑȏ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȔȐ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȑ Ȋșȍ
ȌȍȚȐ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȧ — Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȚ ǴȈȚȍ-
ȘȤȦ ǪȏȌȖȝȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȖȚșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȘțȋȖȑ
ǰ ȖȕȈ ȕȖșȐȚ ȒȓȦȟ ȕȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȕțȎȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ǰȉȖ ȞȈȘșȚ-
ȊȖ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȠȈȚȘȖȊ ǹȍȔȈ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȉȍȏȌȖȔȕȣȝ
ȉȘȖȌȧȋ ȗȖȌ ȊșȍȔȐ ȕȍȉȍșȈȔȐ
ǵȖ ȚȘȍȚȤȧ șȍșȚȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ Ȑ șȈȔȈȧ ȔȓȈȌ-
ȠȈȧ — Țșșș ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȉțȌȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȕȣ Ȗ ȕȍȑ.
ǾȈȘșȚȊȖ ȍȍ ȕȍȊȍȓȐȒȖ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȗȓȍȔȧ ȕȈȠȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȍ șțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍ Ȋșȧ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȍȑ
ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȍ ȊȖȏȕȖșȧȡȈȧșȧ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǹȐȉȐȓȓȣ țȝȖȌȐȚ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȣ ȌȖșȚȐȎȐȔȖșȚȐ ȊȏȖȘȈ
ǶȕȈ ȕȍ șȊȍȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȊȖȏȕȍșȍȕȕȣȍ

109
ȚȈȒ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȔȐ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȌȈȓȐ
ǵȖ ȉțȌțȟȐ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȍșȚȤ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȣȔȐ
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȚȘȖȑȕȖȑ ȒȘȍȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț
șȊȍȘȒȈȍȚ ȌȐȒȐȑ șȊȍȚ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ țȉȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ȕȍ țȋȈșȈȦȡȐȑ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐ țȚȘȖȔ ȕȐ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȕȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȕȐ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȗȘȐȓȐȊȈ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȈș ȖȚȓȐȊȈ
ǶȕȈ șȊȧȚȖȚȈȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ǩȖȋȈ
ǶȕȈ — ȔȈȚȤ ȓțȕȈȚȐȏȔȖȊ Ȑ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚ-
Ȋȍȕȕȣȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ
DzȖȘȕȐ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȍȍ ȓȍȎȈȚ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȕȖ ȗȓȍȔȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȚ ȖȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȊȍȓȐȒȖ
ǰȉȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȤșȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȓ ȚȍȔ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȟȈȑȠȐȍ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȍ ȒȖȕȊțȓȤșȐȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȐ șȖ ȌȕȈ ȋȓțȉȤ
ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ Ȓ ȚȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȘȖȎȐȚ Ȉ ȔȖȏȋ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȍȚșȧ
șȘȍȌȐ ȊȖȏȔțȡȍȕȐȧ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȝ Ȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȝ ȉțȘȤ
ǴȈȌȖȕȕȈ ȌȊȐȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍțȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȐȓȐ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ș ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ
ǴȈȚȤ ǪȏȌȖȝȖȊ ȗȘȖșȒȈȓȤȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ Ȑ țȒȘȈȌȒȖȑ.
ǵȖ ȔȓȈȌȠȈȧ șȍșȚȘȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȐșȟȐșȓȐȔȣȔȐ ȌȊȐ--
ȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȖȉȘțȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȚȐȋȘȐȕȣȔ șȒȈȟȒȖȔ
ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȕȖșȐȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȒȓȦȟȈ ȐȉȖ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȗȖȧȊ-
ȓȧȍȚșȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȕȈ șȐȓȖȑ ȊȣȓȈȔȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘțȦ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȊȖȑȚȐ
Ǩ ȐȔȧ ȍȍ — Mater Tenebrarum — ǴȈȚȤ ǺȤȔȣ
ǰȚȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ 6HPQDL 7KHDL ȐȓȐ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȍ ǩȖȋȐȕȐ ȥȚȖ
ȉȣȓȐ ȅȊȔȍȕȐȌȣ ȐȓȐ ǴȐȓȖșȍȘȌȕȣȍ ǪȓȈȌȣȟȐȞȣ ș ȚȘȍȊȖȎ-
ȕȖ-ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȤȦ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȚȈȒ Ȋ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ

ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖșȍȡȈȓȐ șȕȣ ȔȖȐ Ȋ ǶȒșȜȖȘȌȍ
ǴȈȌȖȕȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ
ǷȘȐȒȈșȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ǴȈȚȍȘȐ
ǪȏȌȖȝȖȊ Ȉ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȍ șȖ ȏȕȈȟȒȖȊ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖ șȕȍ
 ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȕȍ șȔȖȎȍȚ ȋȓȈșȐȓȖ
șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ
©ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ǪȖȚ ȚȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ țȎȍ Ȋ ȌȍȚșȒȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȗȖșȊȧ-
ȚȐȓȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȈȓȚȈȘȧȔ
ǪȖȚ ȚȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȐȏȌȈȊȕȈ ȧ ȐȏȉȘȈȓȈ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȐ ȧ ȏȈ-
ȊȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȓȖȎȕȣȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓȈ ȍȋȖ țȒȘȈȓȈ ț ȕȍȉȈ ȔȖ-

110
ȓȖȌȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȍȋȖ Ȑ șȊȖȐȔ ȍȋȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ
ǿȍȘȍȏ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȐȌȖȓȖȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȖȔ ȗȖȌ ȔȖȐȔ ȊȓȐȧ-
ȕȐȍȔ șȖ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ ȊȖȎȌȍȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȗȕ ȖȉȖȎȍșȚȊȐȓ ȟȍȘȊȧ ȏȍȔ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȋȘȖȉț ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ
ǹȊȧȚȣȔ ȉȣȓ ȋȘȖȉ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȑ — ȚȤȔȈ ȍȋȖ șȊȧȚȖȑ
— ȍȋȖ ȋȕȐȓȤ
ȇ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȈ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȐȌȖȓȖȗȖȒȓȖȕ-
ȕȐȒȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȈȧ ǹȍșȚȘȈ ǪȏȌȖȝȖȊ ǪȖȏȤȔȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȍȋȖ Țȣ ȗȘȐȎȔȐ Ȓ șȍȘȌȞț Ȑ ȗȘȐțȋȖȚȖȊȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ țȎȈșȕȖȑ
șȍșȚȘȣ
Ǩ Țȣ — ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ 0DWHU 7HQHEUDUXP
— Țȣ ǹȍșȚȘȈ ǯȓȈ ȊȍȌțȡȈȧ Ȓ ȐșȒțȠȍȕȤȧȔ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȧȡȈȧ
ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ
ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȒȐȗȍȚȘ ȚȊȖȑ ȚȧȎȒȖ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȖȗȖȟȐȓ
ǵȍ ȌȖȗțșȚȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȓȈșȒȖȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ
ǶȚȋȖȕȐ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȊșȧȒțȦ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ șȖȎȋȐ Ȋșȧ-
ȒțȦ șȓȈȌȖșȚȤ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȐșșțȠȐ ȘȖȌȕȐȒ ȍȋȖ șȓȍȏ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȕȐ ȍȋȖ
ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ țȔȍȍȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țȣ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȚȤ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ Ȗȕ Ȑȏ Ȗȋȕȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȊȐ-
ȏȌȐȚ ȊȍȡȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȔȍȘȏȖșȚȤȦ țȏȕȈȍȚ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȔȖȎȍȚ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȐșȚȐȕȣ ȐșȚȐȕȣ ȋȘțșȚ-
ȕȣȍ ȐșȚȐȕȣ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȍ ȐșȚȐȕȣ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ
ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȕȍȚ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ țȔȘȍȚ Ȑ șȊȍȘȠȐȚșȧ
ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȈȔ ǩȖȋ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓ — țȌȘțȟȈȚȤ șȍȘȌ-
Ȟȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȖȊȤȦȚșȧ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȌțȝȈ ȍȋȖª
ǶȒȖȕȟȐȊ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȧ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ǸȖȑȒȖ Ƕȕ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȖ-
șȚȍȓȐ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ țșȚȘȍȔȐȊ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǪȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖ
— ǴțȟȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȐ ȚȘȐ șȍșȚȘȣ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǪȈș ȕȍ
ȐȏțȔȓȧȍȚ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȍȍ DzțȐȕșȐ ȔȖȋ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȓ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȔȖȦ șțȌȤȉț" ȇ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȥȚȐ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȍ ȐșȚȐȕȣ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȔȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ Ȗȋȕȍ ȕȖ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌțȝȈ ȕȍ Ȋȣȕȍș-
ȓȐ ȖȚ ȥȚȐȝ ȔțȒ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȗȖȓȤȏȣ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȤȔȈ

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ȚȤȔȈ ȚȤȔȈ Ƕ 0DWHU ǺȍnȍEUDUXP ǪȍșȤ ȧ țȎȍ ȚȊȖȑ ǷȘȖȐȋ-
ȘȈȓ ȧ țȗȈȓ ȗȖȋȐȉ
ǫȓȈȏȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ, ȒȈȒ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȍ Ȗȕ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ
ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȓ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȍȉȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȗȈȌȈȓ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȝȊȈȚȐȚȤșȧ ǹ ȚȧȎȒȐȔ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȔ
ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ șȊ ȆȓȐȈȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȑ ȘȈȏ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ
ǹ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȧ țȎȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȓ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ
șȔȍȘȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȈ ȇ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȏȕȈȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ
Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȈȗȈȚȐȟȍȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȚțȗȣȔ ȖșȚȖȓȉȍȕȍȕȐȍȔ
ȇ șȈȔ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȎȐȓ; ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ
șȒȖȘȉȐ Ȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖ țȋȕȍȚȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǵȕȍ
ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȒȐȠȈȡȐȍ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȚȍȕȐ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȏȣ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȚȘȈȠȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ
țȋȓȈ ȚȘȐ șȍșȚȘȣ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȣȍ Ȍȍ DzțȐȕșȐ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ǴȈȚȤ ǺȤȔȣ ȒȓȈȌȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȊȐșȒȐ șȊȖȐ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ
ȘțȒȐ Ǵȍȕȧ țȎȈșȈȓȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȈȧ ȏȈȊȍșȈ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ șȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ 0DWHU 7HQHEUDUum...
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ țȚȘȖȔ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ
ǶȚȒȘȣȊ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȍ
— ǸȈȌȐ ǩȖȋȈ — ȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȐȌȍȔȚȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȇ Ȍț-
ȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ
ȇ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ Ǫ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ
ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ
— ǯȈ ȊȍșȤ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȘȈȏ ȘȈȕȕȐȔ țȚȘȖȔ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏ-
ȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȟȘȍȏȔȍȘȕȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ǵȈ
ȔȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ
șȚȈȓȈ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖȑ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ ǺȖȚ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȑ ȋȘțȉȖ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȍȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȌȍȚ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȗȕ ȐȏȉȐȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ Ȍȓȧ ȏȍȊȈȒ ǵȈ ȔȖȐ șȖȊȍȚȣ ȗȖȔȐȘȐȚȤșȧ ș șțȌȤ-
ȉȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȕȍȊȕȣȔȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈȔȐ ǯȈȗȍȘȓȈ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȇ șȚȈȓȈ șȚțȟȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȕȍ
ȌȈȊȈȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȖȧ ǹ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȧ șȚțȟȈȓȈ țȎȍ ȚȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ
ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȈȍȚșȧ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȦ ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ

112
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓȈ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȖ
Ǵȣ țȎȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǾȍȓȍșȚȐȕȈ șȕȖȊȈ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓȈ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȉȍșȗȖȒȖȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȓȈșȤ ȉȐȚȤ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȒțȓȈȒȈȔȐ ȇ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȓ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȐ
Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈșȤ ǶȚȊȍȚȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǵȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȑ ȕȈȔȐ ȠțȔ șȚȈȓȐ șȉȍȋȈȚȤșȧ șȖșȍȌȐ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ
ȕȐȝ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȖȕȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓȈ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ǷȖșȔȖȚ-
ȘȐȚȍ ȌȣȘȒȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȓȦȟȈ ȏȈȚȒȕțȚȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȚȘȧȗȒȖȑ ǺȈȒ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȦȚ Ȋșȍ ȒȚȖ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȏȈȌȖȝȕțȚȤșȧ ȖȚ țȋȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȟȈȌȈ
ǹ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ȕȖ
ȗȖȚȖȔ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȠțȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ, ȟȍȔ ȧ
țșȗȍȓ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȚȤșȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣȓȖȔȈ-
ȕȈ ǹȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȋȈȏȖȊ Ȑ ȟȈȌȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȊȠȐȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ țȉȍȌȐȓ ȕȈș Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
șȖșȍȌ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȈȊ ǯȈȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȔȐ ȒȚȖ
ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȕȣ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ǬȊȍ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ ȎȈȘȖȊȕȐ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȍȗȓȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȐșȚ-
ȓȍȊȠȐȔ țȋȓȍȔ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȧ ȓȐ-
ȠȐȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǶȕȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȏȈȌȖȝȕțȊȠȈȧșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ
ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ
țȊȍȕȟȈȕȕȈȧ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ ȊȖșȒȖȊȖȍ
șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȘȐȒȖȓȖȚȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȠȗȐȓȤȒȖȑ Ȉ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȉȣȓȐ
ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȣ ȔȍȓȖȔ șȗȓȍȚȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȕȐȞȐȈȓȣ L Ȑ V.
ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȐșȗțȋȈ Ȑ țȎȈșȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȖȗțȚ-
șȚȊțȦȡȐȝ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȦ ȒȖȍ-ȒȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖșȔȍȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌ șȍȕȚȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȘȍșȚȈȘȍȓȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ǵȖ Ȕȣ ș ȋȖșȗȖȎȖȑ Ǿȍ-
ȓȍșȚȐȕȖȑ ȕȍ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ȥȚȈ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȦȔȖȘȐșȚȐȟȕȖșȚȤ șȒȖ-
Șȍȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȓȈ ȕȈș
ǷȖȒȈ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȐ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȒȖȔȐșșȈȘȖȔ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ
ȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȊȍȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǪȏȋȓȧȌ ȔȖȑ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȖȒ-
ȕȖ ȒȓȍȚȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȍȓȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȗȚȐȟȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ Ȑ ȗțșȚȈ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȑ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌț ȇ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț ȉțȌȚȖ țȠȍȑ ȔȖȐȝ ȒȖșȕț-
ȓȈșȤ ȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ȚȐȝȈȧ Ȑ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȓȈȌȒȖȍ
ȌȘȖȎȈȕȐȍ șȚȘțȕ șȘȍȌȐ ȋțȓȈ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ Ȍȕȧ ȇ ȗȘȐȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȗȍȊȞȈ șȖȕȕȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ

114
ȔȖȍȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȍȋȖ ȓȍȚȧ-
ȡȐȔ Ȋ șȊȧȚȐȓȐȡȍ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȣȝ ȓȍșȖȊ ȋȌȍ ȓȍșȕȣȍ ȜȐȈȓȒȐ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȖ ȗȈȝȕțȚ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȕȈȌ ȘțȟȤȍȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȈșșȖȞȐȈ-
ȞȐȐ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȉȘȈȚ ȕȍșȟȈ-
șȚȕȖȑ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȐ ȉȘȈȚ țȔȍȘȠȐȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȚȈȔ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȋ
ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȋȘțșȚȐ ȉȘȍȚȖȕșȒȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȋȌȍ ȗȖ șȍȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ț ȗȘȍȌȊȍȟȕȣȝ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ȔȖȘȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȠțȔȧȚ Ȍțȉȣ ȌȘțȐȌȖȊ
ǩȍȌȕȈȧ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȧ ǵȍ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ țȎȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȒȘȈȑ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ șȒȓȖȕȐȚ ȗȖȒȈȧȕȕȖ ȒȖȓȍȕ
ȕȈȌ ȔȖȋȐȓȖȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȐșȚȖȋȖ ȉȍȏȋȘȍȠȕȖȋȖ ȦȕȖȠȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȍȍ ȊȈȓȧȊȠțȦșȧ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȓȦȉȐȓ ǵȍ ȗȖ-
ȕȍșȓȈ ȓȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȗȍȊțȟȈȧ ȗȚȐȟȒȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ ȥȚȖȑ
ȍȡȍ ȟțȚȒȖȑ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ țȉȖȎȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȌțȠȐ
ȚțȌȈ, ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȓȍȕțȦ ȔȖȋȐȓț ȦȕȖȋȖ șȍȔȐȕȈȘȐșȚȈ"
ȇ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȀțȔ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȏ
ȊșȧȒȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȟȍȔ-ȓȐȉȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȈȔ șȍȉȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȌȖȔ
ǪȍșȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȓȈȉ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ Ȋȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ șȖȔȕȈȔȉțȓȐșȚȈ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȌȖȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ ȌȖ ȍȌȣ
ȕȍ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȕȐ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȊȖȌȣ ǴȐȕțȚȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȍ ȉȣȓȈ
ȚȈ șȈȔȈȧ ȖșȚȖȓȉȍȕȍȓȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ
ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ©ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊȈ ș
ȕȐȔ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ».
ǪȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȔțȚȕȖȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ
ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȈȓȈ ȖȌȖȓȍȊȈȚȤ șȖȕȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ǰȏ ȗȖȓțȌȘȍȔȖȚȣ Ȋȣ-
ȊȍȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȠȈȋȐ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ Ȑ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȇ ȓȍȋȒȖ
țȋȈȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȏȈ ȚȘțȗȖȔ ǪȐȘ-
ȋȐȕȐȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘȋ ©ǷȘȖȡȈȑ ȉȍȌȕȧȎȒȈª
— ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȧ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǷȖȓȕȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ȊȖ-
ȞȈȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȌȖȔȍ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ǸȖȑȒȖ
ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȗȐȚ — Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȧ șȈȔ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ țșȕțȓ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ șȔȍȝ — ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȕȐ-
ȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ — ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȣ — ȕȍȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ DzȘȖȊȤ ȏȈșȚȣȓȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ
ȎȐȓȈȝ ȔȖȘȖȏ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ Țȍȓț ǰșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȧ
ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ țȎȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȧ ȘȈȏȖȘ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍȧșȕȣȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȅȚȖ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ șȔȍȧȓșȧ

115
ȇ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ǹȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț
— ǿȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȖ ȊȈș Ȓ ȚȈȒȖȔț ȊȍșȍȓȤȦ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȐȏțȔ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȖȉȍșȗȖȒȖȍȕȕȣȑ
Ƕȕ ȍȡȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȚȘȧșșȧ ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ
— ǯȈșȔȍȑșȧ Ȏȍ Ȑ Țȣ ȌȘțȋ — ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǯȕȈȑ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ Ȑȝ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ
șȓȣȠȈȓ
Ƕȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȕȖ țȎȍ ș ȔȍȕȤȠȐȔ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍȔ Ȉ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ țȚȐȝ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ǺȈȔ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ
Țȍȝ ȏȊȍȏȌ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȍȏȉȘȍȎȕȖȑ ȚȖșȒȖȑ ȋȓȧȌȐȔ Ȕȣ,
ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ țȔȐ-
ȘȈȦȡȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȧ țȔȐȘȈȦ ȏȌȍșȤ ǰ ȚȖȚ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȐȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚ DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȔ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐ Ȕȕȍ
ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ țȚȍȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ țȚȍȠȈȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ
Ȗȕ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȓ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȏȊȍȏȌȍ ȚȈȒ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ ȧș-
ȕȖ șȊȍȚȧȡȍȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȕȖȟȍȑ ǭȋȖ ȌȘțȋ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ șȒȓȖȕȧȦ-
ȡțȦșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ©Ǻȣ țȝȖȌȐȠȤ Ȑ
ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȚȊȖȐ șȒȖȘȉȐ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ Ȋșȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȤȧ ȚȊȖȐ ȖȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȚșȧ Ǻȍȉȧ ȎȌȍȚ ȐȏȉȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȐșȟȍȏȕȍȠȤ Ȋ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȍ-
șȚȊȍ Ȑ ȔȘȈȒȍ ǷȖȌȕȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚțȌȈ Ȓ ȚȍȔ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȔșȧ ȏȊȍȏ-
ȌȈȔ ǵȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Țȣ șȕȖȊȈ ȘȖȌȐȠȤșȧ ǺȈȔ țȎȍ Țȣ ȕȍ
țȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȕȐ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȊ ȕȐ șȓȍȏ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȖȑ Țȍȉȍª ǰ
ȥȚȖȚ ȌȘțȋ-țȚȍȠȐȚȍȓȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒț Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȏȊȍȏȌț ȏȍȓȍȕȖ-
ȊȈȚȖȋȖ ȉȓȍșȒȈ ȗȓȣȊțȡțȦ Ȋ ȖȌȍȎȌȈȝ ȚȐȝȖȑ șȓȈȊȣ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȉȍș-
ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȊȍȘȕȣȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ — ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔ
ȔȍșȧȞȍȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȍ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȕȈȠț ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǸȖȑȒȖ șȕȖȊȈ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȓșȧ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȈȕȤ-
Ƞȍ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȔȍȝ ȥȚȖȚ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț țȎȈșț
ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ Ȋ ȝȘȐȗȍȕȐȍ ȈȋȖȕȐȐ Ȑ, ȏȈȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȟȍșȒȐȔ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȔ ȌȍȔȖȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȝȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȓțȏȈȌȖȝȕțȊ-
ȠȐȑșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ǸȖȑȒȖ șȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ
ȇ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȚȘțȗ șȘȈȏț șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȖȚȧȎȍȓȍȊȠȐȑ Ȑ
ȊȍșȤ ȌȘȖȎȈ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ Ȑ șȖșȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȖȚ
țȎȈșȈ ȧ țȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȒȘȣȊ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ,
ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȅȚȈȎȖȔ ȕȐȎȍ ȕȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț
ȖȚ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȞȣ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȐ ȧ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȝȕțȚȤ

116
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȧșȕȖ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȧ ȗȖ-
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȌȣȔ Ȑ ȏȈȒȈȠȓȧȓșȧ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȌȣȔ Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȓȣȠȈȓ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ — ȉȣȓȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȍ Ȑ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȔȍȠȐȊȈȓșȧ
țȎȈș ȥȚȖȋȖ șȔȍȝȈ ȖȚȏȊțȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȏȊțȟȈȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ țȠȈȝ Ȋ
ȗȈȔȧȚȐ Ȋ Ȕȣșȓȧȝ.
ȇ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȓ ș ȔȐȕțȚț Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ DzȈȒ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȈ-
ȔȧȚșȚȊȍ ȉȍȋȈȓ ȧ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȚȖȓȒȈȓ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ
ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȓșȧ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȓȍșȈ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȍȑ ǫȌȍ-
ȚȖ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȏȈșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ ȕȈ ȠțȔȧȡțȦ ȊȖȌț
Ȑ ȘȈșșțȌȖȒ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȇ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȌȖȔț ©ȗȖȌ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª ǩȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ
Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ țȌȐȊȐȓȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ șȖșȍȌȕȐȝ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȣȝ dzȦȌȐ
șȉȍȋȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚȖȊșȦȌț ǰȝ ȊȖȓȕȈ țȕȖșȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǵȈ țȋȓț ȧ șȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒȖȔțȦ țȓȐȞț ǬȖȔ ©ȗȖȌ țȚȖȗȈȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª șȚȖȧȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȑ ǪȍȘȝ-
ȕȐȍ ȥȚȈȎȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȣȓȈȓȐ ǷȓȈȔȧ ȊȣȓȍȚȈȓȖ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȒȖȕ Ȑȏ
ȖȒȖȕ ǸȖȑȒȖ Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȕ ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȐ Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȕ ©ȒȓȍȚȒȐ ȐȌȐȖȚȖȒª
ȇ ȖșȚȖȓȉȍȕȍȓ ǺȖȓȗȈ ȗȘȐȚȐșȕțȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȚȍȕȍ Ȑ ȧ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ șȚȖȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȗȘȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ȇ ȚțȗȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȗȓȦ ǪȖȒȘțȋ șȍȉȧ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȣȓȈȦȡȍȔ ȌȖ-

Ȕȍ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȓȐȠȐȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ țȋȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȟȈȌȖȔ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȍȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȋȍ-
ȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ țȎȍ ȚȓȍȓȐ ȊȍȡȐ ǵȖȟȤȦ ȌȖȓȋȖ
ȚȓȍȊȠȐȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȊȌȘțȋ șȘȈȏț Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȐȓșȧ ș
ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ǵȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȥȚȈȎ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ
țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈȌȖȝȕțȓȐșȤ ȚȘȐ șȚȈ-
ȘțȠȒȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȈ ȗȖȎȈȘȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ș ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈȔȐ
Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ ȟȈșȚȤ ȌȖȔȈ ȉȣȓȈ țȎȍ Ȋ Ȗȋȕȍ ǺȈȒ Ȏȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ
șȋȖȘȍȓ ȚȈȔ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ Ȉ ȍșȓȐ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȉȣȓ ș ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȋȐȉ
ȇ ȒȈȒ ȊȖ șȕȍ șȓțȠȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ǵȐ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȧ ȖȚ-
ȊȍșȚȐ ȋȓȈȏ ȖȚ ȌȐȒȖ ȉțȠȍȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȊȈȦȡȍȔșȧ ȖȒȕȍ ǸȖȑȒȖ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȚȘȐ ȋȘȖȔȈȌ-
ȕȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȒțȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȈȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ
ȌȣȔȈ Țȍ ȚȘȐ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȧȝȐ ȚȘȐ ©ǴȈȚȍȘȐ ǹȒȖȘȉȐª Ǩ
ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȔ ȠțȔȖȔ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈȌ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȖȎȈȘ-
ȕȣȝ ȔȈȠȐȕ ȕȈȌ ȌȐȒȐȔ ȊȖȍȔ ȊȐȝȘȧ Ȑ ȗȖȎȈȘȈ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȏȊț-
ȟȈȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ țȎȈșȈ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ ȌȍȔȖȕȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȑ șȔȍȝ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ

INULTUS
ǽȞȎȔȟȘȎȭ șȓȑȓțȒȎ
ǽȓȞ ǰ ǽ DZșȓȏȜȐȜȗ

121
ǷȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȍ Ȓ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȍ ǯȍȑȍȘȈ ©ǰȕțȓȤȚțșª
ǹȟȐȚȈȦ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔ ȟȚȖ
ȥȗȖȝȈ ǩȍȓȖȋȖȘșȒȖȑ ȉȐȚȊȣ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȒȘȖȊȈ-
Ȋȣȝ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ǿȍȝȐȐ
ǪȖșșȚȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȖȍ Ȋ ȏȈȡȐȚț șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȊȍȘȖȐșȗȖȊȍ-
ȌȈȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȗȖșȧȋȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕ-
ȌȈ ȀȚȐȘȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȟȍȠșȒȐȑ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓ Ȑ ȕȈȘț-
ȠȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȐȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ
Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȟȍȝȖȊ Ȋ ȉȖȦ ȗȘȐ ǩȍȓȖȑ ȋȖ-
Șȍ Ȑ Ȋșȧ șȚȘȈȕȈ ȗȖȌȗȈȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦ-
ȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖȑ ȉȐȚȊȣ Ȋșȍ ȋȓȈȊȈȘȐ ȊȖș-
șȚȈȕȐȧ — ȟȓȍȕȣ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȘȖȌȖȊ ǿȍȝȐȐ — ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȍȏȋȓȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǷȘȈȎșȒȖȑ ȘȈȚțȠȍȑ Ȉ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȠșȒȖȍ ȌȊȖȘȧȕșȚȊȖ
ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȓȐ ȥȔȐȋȘȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȑ
ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȧȏȣȒȈ Ȑ ȋțșȐȚșȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȑ ǭȋȖ
ȐȔȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȖȕȜȐșȒȖȊȈȕȣ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȕȣ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔ ȗȘȐȠȍȓȤ-
ȞȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȐ ȟțȎȌȖȍ ȕȈȘȖȌț ȌȊȖȘȧȕșȚȊȖ
Ǫșȧ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȐȧ șȚȈȓȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ-ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐ Ȑ ȟȍȠ-
șȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȖșȚȣȔ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȔ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȍȔ Ǫșȍ ȟȍȠ-
șȒȐȍ ȠȒȖȓȣ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȋțșȚȖȑ șȍȚȤȦ șȚȘȈȕț ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈ-
ȒȘȣȚȣ ǷȘȐȊȍȘȎȍȕȞȣ ȇȕȈ ǫțșȈ Ȑ ȓȦȚȍȘȈȕșȚȊȈ șȒȘȣȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȓȍșȈȝ Ȉ ȐȍȏțȐȚȣ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȌțȠȈ-
ȔȐ ȟȍȠșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ ȐȏȋȕȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȍȘȍșȐ ǫțșȈ Ȑ
dzȦȚȍȘȈ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȗȣȚȖȒ ȒȈȏȕȍȑ Ȑ ȒȖȕȜȐșȒȈȞȐȐ ȐȔțȡȍ-
șȚȊȈ
ǶȚ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȞȊȍȚțȡȍȑ ǿȍȝȐȐ ȖșȚȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȖșȤȔȐșȖȚ Țȣșȧȟ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǿȍȝȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ șȚȍȘ-
ȚȈ ș ȓȐȞȈ ȏȍȔȓȐ
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȥȗȖȝȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȖȘȖȌȐȚȤ Țț ȥȒȏȈȓȤȚȈ-
ȞȐȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȈȒ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȕȈ ǯȍȑȍȘȖȔ Ȋ ȍȋȖ
ȓȍȋȍȕȌȍ

122
ȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ șȗțșȚȧ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ ǩȍȓȖȋȖȘșȒȖȑ ȉȐȚȊȣ
ǪȍȟȍȘ ȉȣȓ ȟțȌȕȣȑ ǫȘȈȌȟȐȕ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȓ Ȋ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȔ
șȊȍȚȍ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ Ȉ ǪȓȚȈȊȈ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȚȍȔȕȣȔ ȎȐȌȒȐȔ ȧȕȚȈ-
ȘȍȔ ǵȈ DzȈȘȓȖȊȖȔ ȔȖșȚț ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȣ ȒȖȓȣȔȈȋ ȒȐ-
ȠȍȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ — ȒȖȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȍȠȐȍ ȒȘȈșȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȝ Ȏȍ-
ȘȍȉȞȈȝ Ȋ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ ȠȓȧȝȍȚșȒȐȝ ȖȌȍȎȌȈȝ ȋȖȘȌȣȍ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȞȣ
— ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȊȓȈșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȌ ȖȗțșȚȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ
șȚȘȈȕȖȑ ǷȘȖȍȏȎȈȓȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ — ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȕȐȒȐ Ȋ
ȎȐȓȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȚȍȒȓȈ ȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȟȍȠșȒȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȗȘȖȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȐȔȐ
ȏȈ ȐțȌȐȕȣ șȘȍȉȘȍȕȐȒȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ Ǫ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȣȝ ȘȈȏȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȣȔȈȋȈȝ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȍȓȈȚȣ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍ ȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȉȣ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ǹȗȈșȐȚȍȓȧ ȗȖșȚțȟȐșȤ Ƕȕ
ȉȖșȖȑ Ȑ Ȋ ȘțȉȐȡȍ ș ȋȖȘȌȖȑ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖșȔȈȚȘȐ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȚȖȓȗț ȗȘȖȍȏȎȈȊȠȐȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȋ ȠȍȓȒȈȝ
Ȑ ȗȈȘȟȍ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȓȍȋȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȌțȠȈȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ ȟȐșȚȖȋȖ ȎȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȈ ǴȍȎȌț ȒȖȕȧȔȐ Ȑ ȒȖȓȣȔȈȋȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍ șȗȍȠȈ Țțȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȋȖȘȖȎȈȕȍ ȊȍȟȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ ȍșȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȝ ȒȖȠȍȓȍȒ
ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȖȕ Ȑ ȖȉȍȌ ȗȖ ȊȒțșț ǶȕȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȧȓȐ
ȗȍșȚȘțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȍ ȗȧȚȕȖ
— ȚȖȓȗȈ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȐȡȐȝ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚț ȖȒȖȓȖ ȉȈȠȕȐ ǶȕȐ
ȖȌȕȐ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȊȍȘȕȣ ȟȍȠșȒȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȧȊȓȧȧșȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȐȔȊȖ-
ȓȖȔ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȖșȍȚȐȊȠȐȝ ȘȖȌȐȔȣȑ ȒȘȈȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȐȑ șȓȍȏ Ȑ
ȔțȒǫȖȘȌȣȍ ȠȓȧȝȚȐȟȐ șȣȚȣȍ ȋȖȘȖȎȈȕȍ Ȑ ȕȈȘȧȌȕȣȍ ȗȈȕȕȣ
ȖȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈȔȐ ȥȚț ȚȖȓȗț ȐȏȔȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȎȈȓȒȐȝ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ Ȉ ȍșȓȐ ȐȔ Ȑ șȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȍȑ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȖȚȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȋ ȚȘȈțȘȍ ȗȖȌȈ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȉȍȌȕȧȒȈȔ ȔȐȓȖșȚȣȕȦ ǵȐȡȐȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȎȈȊȠȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȎȒȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ șȓȍȗȞȣ ȕȍȔȖȡȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȧȏȊȈȔȐ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȌȕȖ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖ Ȑȝ Ȋșȍȝ
șȘȖȌȕȐȓȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȈȧ ȕțȎȌȈ
ǵȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȒțȟȒȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȔ ȓțȟȠȍ Ȑȝ ȝȖȚȧ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȟȐȡȍ ǭȋȖ
ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ Ȑ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȘȖȌȕȖ Ȉ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ Ȑ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ țșȣ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȚȍȔ-
ȅ

123
ȕȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ǺȍȔȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐ Ȑ ȊȓȈȎȕȣ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȐȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȑ ȋȘțșȚȤȦ
ǹ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȗȕ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȐȡȐȝ șȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȓȤȟȍșȒȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ
ȗȖȠȈȘȐȓ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȗțșȚȣȝ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈȑȌȧ ȚȈȔ ȔȍȓȒțȦ
ȔȖȕȍȚț ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ șȓȍȗȞȈ
ǶȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȗȕ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȍ ȔȖșȚȈ Ȑ ȏȈșȔȖȚȘȍȓ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ǫȘȈȌȟȐȕȈ ȕȈȟȈȊȠȐȍ ȖȒțȚȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȓȐȓȖȊȣȔ ȗȖ-
ȓțȔȘȈȒȖȔ ǶȚȉȓȍșȒȐ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȋȈșȈȓȐ ȕȈ
ȕȐȝ Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȋȖ-ȌȖȓȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ǷȘȈȎșȒțȦ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȤ ȓȐȞȖ
ȍȋȖ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȖȎȐȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȖșȤ ȘțȔȧȕȞȍȔ Ȉ ȋțȉȣ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ Ƕȕ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȐȡȐȝ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ
ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȈȠȓȖ DzȖȓȣȔȈȋȐ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȚȤ
Ȑ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȒȖȕȍȑ ȏȈȚȐȝ ǴȖșȚ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț ȖȗțșȚȍȓ ȕȐȡȐȍ ȚȖȎȍ
țȠȓȐ ȗȖȌȈȧȕȐȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȌȈȚȤ ǵȖ ȦȕȖȠȈ Ȋșȍ
ȍȡȍ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ǵȈș-
ȚȈȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȍ ȏȈȋȖȘȈȓȐșȤ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ǪȕȐȏț ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
ȠțȔȍȓȈ ȘȍȒȈ
— ǵȍ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ ȓȐ ȚțȌȈ" ǺȈȔ ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȉȣ ȗȖȒȖȑ Ȑ ȚȐ-
ȠȐȕț ȚȈȔ ȕȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ ȕȍȚ ȕȈșȐȓȐȧ ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌ-
ȓȐȊȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȏȖȘȈ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǪȕȐȏț șȘȍȌȐ ȊȖȓȕ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȐșȤ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȆȕȖȠȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ
ȊȊȍȘȝ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȓ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔ șȊȍȘȒȈȊȠȐȔ Ȋșȍ ȧșȕȍȍ Ȑ
ȧȘȟȍ ǰȝ ȉȍȏȔȧȚȍȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠț ȒȈȒ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȍ
Ȑ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȐȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȚȈȐȓȖșȤ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȈ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȚȖ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖ
Ǫ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȑȚȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȍ-
ȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȐȓ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȌȊțȔ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȊ-
ȠȐȔșȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈȔ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ șȋȖȘȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȔțȎȟȐ-
ȕȈ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ Ȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȏȈȎ-
Ȏȍȕȕȣȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍș Ȋ ȘțȒȍ Ȑ șȊȍȚ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȧȔȖ
țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ, ȋȘțșȚȕȖ-ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȦȕȖ-
ȠȐǰȏ țșȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȕȐȍ țȌȐȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ ǶȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ ȗȖ-
ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȒȖȠȍȓȍȒ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ȦȕȖȠȍ

124
ȡȍȌȘțȦ ȔȐȓȖșȚȣȕȦ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȠț — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȑ ȊȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
Ȍȍ ȍȋȖ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȐ țȒȖȘȐȏȕȈ Ȑ ȋȕȍȊ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȣȓȖ
șȗȖȒȖȑȕȍȍ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȈ
ǶȕȈ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȉȍȌȕȖ ȖȌȍȚȖȑ
ȜȐȋțȘȍ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȍȋȖ ȓȐ-
ȞȈ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȍȍ ȏȊțȟȕȣȑ ȋȘțȌȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖș
ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȖȟȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȔțȏȣȒȈ — ȇ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȓȈ ȊȈș Ȗș-
ȒȖȘȉȐȚȤ ǪȍȌȤ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȖșȚț ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ
ȕȐȡȐȍ Ȑ ȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȒȚȖ
Ȋȣ ǿȍȔ ȔȖȋț ȧ ȏȈȋȓȈȌȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȊȐȕț" — ǰ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ
ȍȔț ȘțȒț ǸțȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȎȍșȚȒȈȧ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȈȧ
— ȇ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ șȍȘȎțșȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ
ȗȘȐȒȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ȍȔț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȗȘȐȒȖșȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȚȘțȗț ©ǵȍ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ"ª — ȔȍȓȤȒ-
ȕțȓȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ
ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈ ȒȘȈșȐȊȍȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ
ȊȐȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȔ ǵȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ
Ȑ Ȋ ȍȍ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚțȚ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ Ȋșȍ
ȍȡȍ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț
— ǬȖȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ șȍȘȌȐȚȍșȤ ǩțȌȤȚȍ
ȚȈȒ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȣ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍ ȕȈș ȇ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȦ ȊȈș ȕȈ țȎȐȕ
Ƕȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǶȕȈ ȋȖȘȌȖ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ țșȔȍȝȕțȓȈșȤ
— ȇ ȌȖȕȕȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ǹȈȕȚȐȕȐ Ȑȏ ǴȐȓȈȕȈ — ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — Ǫȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ" ǴȕȖȋȐȍ
ȏȕȈȚȕȍȑȠȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȏȈ ȟȍșȚȤ ȔȖȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȋȣ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȈȍȚȍ — ǶȕȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȘțȒȖȑ ȏȕȈȒ
șȊȖȍȔț șȗțȚȕȐȒț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ — ǹȚțȗȈȑ Ȑ șȊȍȚȐ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ — ȗȘȖȓȍȗȍȚȈȓ șȔțȡȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȣȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȍȑ
dzȐȞȖ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ ȖȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȋȖȘ-
ȌȖ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ
— Ǫȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ" — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȈ
ȖȕȈ șȊȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș

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— ǵȍȚ — ȘȖȉȒȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ǫȣ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȟțȎȍ-
șȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȓȈșȚȊțȦȚ ȕȈȌ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȔ
ȒȘȈȍȔ"
— ǬȈ ȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȟțȎȈȧ ȕȖ ȔȖȑ ȘȖȌ ȕȐ ȚțȚ ȌȈ Ȑ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȐ-
ȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȊȓȈșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǷȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȦ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȖȘȖȎȈȕ-
ȒȈ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȔȖȧ ȘțȒȈ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈ ȒȖȘȖȕȖȑ ȚȖ
ȏȈ ȚȖȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȈȍȚșȧ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ
— Ǩȝ — ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ — ǩȣȚȤ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȔ ǺȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ ǺȊȖȘȐȚȤ — Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȓ ȕȍȉț Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ
ȋȖȓȖȊț
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȒȚȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ
— ȇ ȗȖȥȚ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȚȐȝȖ ȟȚȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȘȈșșȍȧ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌțȕȖȊȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȋȖ ȊȍȚȍȘȒȈ ǰ
ȍȔț șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ Țȍȝ ȗȍș-
ȕȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ Ȑ ȘȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȦ Ȑȏ
ȍȋȖ șȚȍșȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ, șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȚȐȞȣ Ȑȏ ȒȓȍȚȒȐ ǭȋȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ
ȌȈȊȐȓ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȧ Ȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȐȧ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊșȦ ȍȋȖ
ȘȖȌȐȕț ǺȈȔ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȐ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȗȍșȕȐ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȣȍ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ ȘȣȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȒȈȧȕȕȣȍ ȗȍșȕȐ ȖȗȓȈȒȐȊȈȊȠȐȍ
ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȖȚȟȐȏȕȣ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ
ȕȐ șȓȖȊ ȕȐ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȋȍȕȐȑ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ Ȗȕȍ-
Ȕȍȓ ǰ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ șȈȔȈ șȚȘȈȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȖȒȈȔȍ-
ȕȍȊȠȐȔȐ ǬȖȕȕȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ țșȓȣȝȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ
— Ǫȣ ȗȖȥȚ" ȅȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȚȍȔ șȒȖȘȍȍ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȑȔȍȚȍ
ǺȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȝȖȟț ș ȊȈȔȐ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȈȎȕȖ
ǷȖȥȚ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ǭȔț
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȐȌȍȚ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ
Ȑ șȓȍȌȈ ǶȕȐ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȠȓȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘț ȗȖ ȒȘȐȊȖȑ ȗț-
șȚȣȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ǵȈȌ ȒȘȣȠȈȔȐ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓȐșȤ
ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȋȘȈȌȟȐȕșȒȐȝ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȍȑ Ȑ ȌȊȖȘȞȖȊ ǶȕȐ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȌȖȔȖȔ ș ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ ȠȗȐ-
ȞȍȔ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȖȚȗȍȘ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȠȓȐ
ǬȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȈȧ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ ș ȉȖȋȈȚȣȔȐ ȘȍȏȕȣȔȐ ȗȍȘȐȓȈȔȐ ȊȍȓȈ
ȕȈȊȍȘȝ Ȋ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȥȚȈȎ ȌȖȔȈ ǵȈȊȍȘȝț ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȐșȤ
ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȟțȌȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȒȖȊȈȕȣȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ
șȚȈȘțȝȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȚ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȊȐșȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȌȖ ȗȖȓȈ ǶȕȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȈȕȌȍȓȧȉȘ ș ȚȘȍȔȧ ȊȖșȒȖȊȣȔȐ șȊȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖ-

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ȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ ȌȖȕȕȍ ǼȓȈȊȐȐ ǭȍ ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚȣȍ șȖȊȐȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȐ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȤ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȐ-
ȌȐȚ
— ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ ȧ ȊȍȌț Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ȋȖșȚȧ ǬȈȑ ȕȈȔ ȗȖțȎȐȕȈȚȤ
ǹȚȍȕȣ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ ȜȓȈȕȌȘșȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȒȖȊȘȈȔȐ ȗȖșȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȌțȉȖȊȣȑ
șȚȖȓ ș ȘȍȏȤȉȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȒȘȍșȍȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȉț-
ȜȍȚ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊșȦ șȚȍȕț Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ șȍ-
ȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȑ ȗȖșțȌȖȑ ȅȚȈ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȞȈȘșȒȐ-ȘȖș-
ȒȖȠȕȖȑ ȗȖȥȚț ȎȐȊȠȍȔț Ȋ ȉȍȌȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȒȍ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖȔ
ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ț ǵȖȊȖȔȍșȚșȒȐȝ ȉȈșȚȐȖȕȖȊ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȓ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȊȍȘ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȈ
ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȕȈȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȌȊȐȋȈȧșȤ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȖ
șȕȍ Ȉ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȌȖȕȕț ǼȓȈȊȐȦ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ, șȓțȋȈ
ȗȘȐȌȊȐȕțȓ șȚțȓȤȧ Ȑ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȍȡȍ ȚȘȐ ȊȖșȒȖȊȣȝ șȊȍȟȐ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȒȈȕȌȍȓȧȉȘȍ
ǬȖȕȕȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȕȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȈȌȍȚȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖȍ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ș ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔ ȊȣȘȍ-
ȏȖȔ ț ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȘțȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȣ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȔȐ ȉȘȈșȓȍ-
ȚȈȔȐ ǴȧȋȒȐȍ, ȋțșȚȣȍ ȒȈȠȚȈȕȖȊȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȑ ȒȘȈ-
șȐȊȖ ȗȘȐȟȍșȈȕȣ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ ȋȖȘȌȣȔ ȓȉȖȔ
Ȉ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȕȈ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȤ ȟțȌȕȣȍ ȒȈȘȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȓȐ Ȓ
șȍȉȍ ȕȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓ ȝȖȓȖȌȍȕ
ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȏȈȕȧȓȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȊ ȦȕȖȠȍ șȍșȚȤ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȍȍ ǩȣȊȠȐȑ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȚȖȎȍ șȍȓ ș
ȕȐȔȐ
— DzȊȐȌȖȕ Ȑ ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ șȓțȎȐȓȐ ȔȖȐȔ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȧȔ Ȑ ȏȕȈȦȚ
Ȕȍȕȧ ș șȈȔȖȋȖ ȘȈȕȕȍȋȖ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ Ǩ DzȊȐȌȖȕ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȔȖȓȟȈ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— Ƕȕ ȕȍȔȖȑ — ȚȐȝȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ — ǰȚȈȒ Ȋȣ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ" Ǩ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ țȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ
Ȋ ǷȘȈȋȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖșȚȤ Ǫȣ, ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ, ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓȐ ȐȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ǷȘȖȗȍȘȞȐȐ Ȍȍ ǸȖșșȐ" ǵȍ șȓȣȝȈ-
ȓȐ" ǵț ȥȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ șȓțȎȐȚȤ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȍȔ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȈȔȖȓȦ-
ȉȐȧ ǷȘȖȗȍȘȞȐȧ Ȍȍ ǸȖșșȐ Ȑȏ ǩȖȓȖȕȤȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐȝ șȒțȓȤȗȚȖȘȖȊ ǭȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȗȖȓȕȣ șȐȓȣ
Ȑ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ Ȑȝ Ȋ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ ȍȡȍ Șȍȉȍȕ-

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ȒȖȔ Ȑ țȎȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓȈ Ȑȝ ǶȕȐ ȌȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȟȖȒ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍȑ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȇ ȚȖȎȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȈșȤ șȒțȓȤȗȚȖȘȖȔ —
ǶȕȈ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ — ǬȖșȚȐȋ-
ȕț ȓȐ ȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȍȍ ȊȣșȖȚȣ" — ǪȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ
ȗȖȥȚȈ ȖȕȈ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ — DzȈȒ ȊȈȠȍ ȐȔȧ"
Ƕȕ ȕȈȝȔțȘȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ șȒȖȘ-
ȉȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȘȈȏț ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȏȖȊțȚ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ
— ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ" ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȐȔȧ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ — Inul-
tus — ȕȍȖȚȔȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȊȈș ȚȈȒ ȕȍ
ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ
— ǰ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ — ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȚȈȒ
ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍȚ
ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȌțȠȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȈ ȉȣ ȖȚȔȡȍȕȐȧ
— Ǩ Ǫȣ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚȍ Ȓ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȚȍȔ ȓțȟȠȍ
ǷȖ ȓȐȞț ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȚȍȕȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ ȗȖȌȈȓȈ ȐȔ ȕȈ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȔ ȉȓȦȌȍ
șȒȘȖȔȕȣȑ țȎȐȕ ǽȖȏȧȑȒȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȚȘȈ-
ȗȍȏȍ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȓȖȌȍȕ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȈȗȗȍȚȐȚȖȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȍȌț șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȎȈȌ-
ȕȣȔ ǹȈȔȈ ȌȖȕȕȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȗȘȐȚȘȖȕțȓȈșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȓ ȜȘțȒȚȈȔ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǷȓȈȞȐȌȍ ȏȈȎȍȟȤ ȓȈȔȗț Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ
ǷȖșȓȍ țȎȐȕȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȊșȚȈȓȈ Ȑ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓȈ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȣȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ
— ȇ ȗȖȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ șȊȖȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț Ȑ ȖȉȢȧșȕȦ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ ȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȋȓȈșȐȓȈ ȊȈș Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ
ǺȘȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȓȈȔȗȣ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ ȖȉȠȐȘȕțȦ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȊȖȠȍȓ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ ǩȈȘȍȓȤȍȜ Ȑȏ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȔȘȈ-
ȔȖȘȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȊȠȐȑ Ȏȍȕț ǷȍȕȚȍȜȘȐȧ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȖȕȈ șȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȓȈȡ ș ȗȓȍȟ ǰȖșȐȜȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȍȔț Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȐȓȣ șȚȘȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȒȘȈ-
șȖȚȣ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
— ǴȈȌȖȕȕȈ DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȊȍȓȐȒȐ Ȑ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȚȊȖȘ-
ȟȍșȚȊȍ
— ǵȍȚ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȥȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ǷȘȖȗȍȘȞȐȐ Ȍȍ ǸȖș-
șȐ ȇ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȈ
ȕȖ ȚȈ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ șȚȘȍȔȓȦșȤ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȈ Ȑ
Ȋȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȍȍ

128
— ȇ" — țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ — ǵȖ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȗȖ-
ȔȖȟȤ ȊȈȔ"
— ȇ șȍȑȟȈș ȖȉȢȧșȕȦ ǷȘȖȗȍȘȞȐȧ Ȍȍ ǸȖșșȐ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓȈ Ȑ
ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ țȔȍȘȓȈ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȕțȚȖȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ Ȏȍȕȍ
ǷȍȕȚȍȜȘȐȧ ȖȕȈ ȊȖȗȓȖȚȐȓȈ Ȑ șȊȖȦ șȚȘȈșȚȤ Ȑ șȊȖȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ
dzȦȉȧ șȔȍȘȚȕȖȋȖ ǷȘȖȗȍȘȞȐȧ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȘȖȒȖȊȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȇ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț țȏȕȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȇ șȔȖȚȘȦ ȊȊȣșȤ, Ȓ șȈȔȣȔ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔ ȋȌȍ
ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ șȓȈȊȣ ǴȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ —
ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȖȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȔȖȍ ȍȌȐȕȖȍ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȖ
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȐ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓȈ ȍȍ
Ȑ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ǽȘȐșȚȈ ȘȈșȗȧȚȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȌȍȘȍ-
ȊȧȕȕȖȔ ȒȘȍșȚȍ ǮȐȏȕȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȋșȍȑ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȊȣȓȍȗȓȍȕȕȖȑ
Ȑȏ ȋȓȐȕȣ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȈ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȐȒ ǹȗȈșȐȚȍȓȧ ȉȣȓ
ȕȍȧșȍȕ Ȑ ȕȍȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕ
— ǴȖȐȔ ȕȈȐȊȣșȠȐȔ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ șȈȔȣȔ ȚȧȎȒȐȔ șȚȘȈ-
ȌȈȕȐȍȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ — ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ ǽȘȐșȚȈ Ȋ ȚȖȚ
ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǭȋȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȊȏȖȠȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ
șȐȓȣ ǿȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ ȕȈ ǵȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȌȘȖȋȕț-
ȓȖ ǪȖȗȓȖȚȐȚȤ Ȋ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȍ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȦȡțȦ ȚȘȈȋȍȌȐȦ ǫȖȓȋȖȜȣ
șȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȍȍ ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȑ ș ȌȘȖȎȤȦ țȎȈșȈ Ȋ șȐȧȕȐȐ
ȕȍȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ǪȖȚ șȔȍȓȈȧ ȔȍȟȚȈ Ȋșȍȑ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǬȖ
șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ȕȐ ș ȗȖȔȖ-
ȡȤȦ ȘȍȏȞȈ ȕȐ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȒȐșȚȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȍȚșȧ ȔȖȍȔț țȔț ȌȈȎȍ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȓ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ǪȖȚ țȎȍ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȧ șȚȈȘȈȦșȤ ȗȘȍȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȧȊȤ ȔȖȑ
șȖȕ ȔȖȐ ȔȍȟȚȣ ȇ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȘȈȏ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȓȈ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȓȐ-
ȞȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ ǽȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȖȠȐȉȈȓȈșȤ ȇ ȕȍ Ȋȍ-
ȘȦ Ȋ ǽȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȧȊȐȚȤșȧ ȔȖȍȑ
ȌțȠȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȊȍȘțȦȡȐȝ Ȑ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȘȐȝȖ-
ȌȐȚșȧ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ǭȋȖ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ șȈȔȖȑ
ȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ — Ȑ ȔȖȍ ȉȍșșȐȓȐȍ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ
ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ
— ǵȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȍ Ȋ ǽȘȐșȚȈ" — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȓȕȐȓȐșȤ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ
ǭȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȖȋȖȝțȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȑȏ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ țșȚ
ȕȈȕȖșȐȚ ȍȋȖ ǹȗȈșȐȚȍȓȦ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕț ȘȈȕț Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȕȍ

129
ȔȖȋ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ șȖșȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ Ȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ș ȍȍ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȕȍȊȍȘțȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȌțȠȖȑ ǶȕȈ ȊșȚȘȍȗȍȕțȓȈșȤ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȍȍ șȓȖȊȈ
— DzȈȒ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ Ȋȣ ȕȈ ȚȖȋȖ ǽȘȐșȚȈ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȋȓȈșȐȚ ȓȍ-
ȋȍȕȌȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȚ ǭȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ — ș ȎȈȘȖȔ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒ-
ȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ǬȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ — Ȑȡț ȧ Ȋ ȓȦȌ-
șȒȖȑ șȘȍȌȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȍȞ Ȍȓȧ ǺȖȋȖ DzȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȧȊȐȚȤșȧ ȔȖȍȑ Ȍț-
Ƞȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȊȈș ȕȈ ȔȖșȚț ȧ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȖȚ ȘȈȌȖ-
șȚȐ Ȑ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ-ȚȖ ȕȈȠȓȈ ȔȖȌȍȓȤ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ
ǽȘȐșȚȈ ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ țȉȍȎȌȈȦșȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȖșȐȚ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȠȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ǰȕțȓȤȚȖ ȧ șȖȏȌȈȔ ǭȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ
ȊȈȔ Ǫȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȞȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ ǾȈȘȧ ǰț-
ȌȍȑșȒȖȋȖ
— ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ șȖ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ — ȇ ȕȍ
ȌȖșȚȖȐȕ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȋȣ ȔȈȌȖȕȕȈ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȔ
ǶȕȈ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ
— DzȈȒȖȑ Ȋȣ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȖȕȈ ȗȖșȈȌȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȘȍș-
ȓȖ ț ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ Ȉ șȈȔȈ șȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȑ
ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȒȖȊȘȖȔ ȕȐșȗȈȌȈȊȠȐȔ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ǵȖȟȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȐȝȈȧ Ȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȕȈȧ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȒȘȣȠȐ ǴȈȓȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
ȉȣȓ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȊȍșȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȍ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȋȖȘ
ȔȍȎ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȈ ǪȓȚȈȊȈ ȀțȔ ȘȍȒȐ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓșȧ șȦȌȈ
ȋȘțșȚȕȣȔ ȘȐȚȔȖȔ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ ȘȣȌȈȓȈ șȈȔȈ
ǷȘȈȋȈ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȈȧ ț ȕȖȋ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓ-
șȧ șȚȖȕ șȒȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊȕȣ Ȋ ȕȍȊȖȓȍ ǪȏȋȓȧȕțȊ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ȕȈ
ȋȖȘȖȌ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȕȍȔȖȍ
șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȟȤȍ ȐȔȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȟȍȘȒ-
ȕțȚȖ Ȑȏ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȟȤȧ ȏȊȍȏȌȈ ȏȈȒȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȊȖ Ȕȋȓȍ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȐ Ȑ ȔȘȈȒȈ ǺȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȊȏȌȖȝ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȏȈ-
ȒȘȣȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
— ǬȘțȋ ȔȖȑ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȌțȠȍ ȇ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȊȈș ȝȖȚȧ ȧ Ȑ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȒȈ ǵȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȧ ȔȖȦ ȗȘȖ-
șȤȉț Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ țșȓțȋț ȖȗȓȈȒȐȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȊȈȔȐ
ș ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȖȑ șȒȖȘȉȤȦ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ Ȑ ȊȈȠȍȔț ȕȈȘȖȌț
ǻȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ

130
— ǬȈ-ȌȈ șȍȑȟȈș ȧ ȖȉȢȧșȕȦ ȊȈȔ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȊșȍȔȖȋț-
ȡȐȝ ȊȓȈȌȣȒ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șțȌȤȉȈ ȥȚȖȑ
șȚȘȈȕȣ ȕȈȏȖȊȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȕȖȔ ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘȖȔ ȗȖșȍȡȈȍȚ ȔȖȑ ȌȖȔ
ǵȈȠȐ șȍȔȤȐ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȌȈȊȕȍȑ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈ-
ȠȍȕȐȦ ȔȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȋ ǿȍȝȐȦ ǰ ȝȖȚȧ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȌȖȕȈ
ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȟȍșȚȤ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȘȈȌȈ ȐȔ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ șȈȚȈȕȐȕșȒȐȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȦȚ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȕȍȗȖȌȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȔ ȒȈȒ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦ șȍȉȍ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ ǽȘȐșȚȈ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑȏ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȈȔ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȕȍȊȍȘȐȐ Ȋ ǭȋȖ ǩȖ-
ȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȖȕ ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȑ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ țȉȘȈȕȕȣȑ ș ȞȈȘșȒȖȑ ȗȣȠ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡțȦ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȔȖ-
ȓȍȓȤȕȦ ȋȌȍ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ șȚȖȐȚ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȈȓȚȈȘȤ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
©ǴȖȧ ȌțȠȈ țșȚȈȓȈ ȖȚ șȚȘȈșȚȍȑ țșȣȗȓȍȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȕȐȍȔ
ȟȍȚȖȒ ȖȚțȗȍȓȈ ȖȚ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȍșȚȐ ș ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍȔ
ȥȚȖȑ ȔȧȚȍȎȕȖȑ, ȍȘȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȇ țȎȍ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋț ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ șȦȌȈ ǺȖȋȖ ǽȘȐșȚȈ Ȗ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋȣ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ƕȕ ȚȘȖȕțȓ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȔțȒȖȑ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȉȣ ȖȚȒȓȐȒ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȌȘȍȔȓȦȡȍȑ
ȌțȠȍ — Ȑ ȧ ȗȖ-ȞȈȘșȒȐ ȊȈș ȕȈȋȘȈȎț ȧ ȊȖȏȕȍșț ȊȈȠȍ ȐȔȧ Ȓ
ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔª
ǺȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȕ ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ Ȑ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȗȖȘȣ ȧ ȎȐȊț
ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȋ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȍ
ǰȕțȓȤȚȖ ȗȖ ȊȈȠȍȔț ȓȐȞț ȧ șȖȏȌȈȔ ǽȘȐșȚȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȊ Ȋ
ȕȍȔ ȊșȦ Țț ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕțȦ șȒȖȘȉȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ ȊȈȠț
ȋȘțȌȤ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȕȍȔȖȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȘțșȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȋȖȘ-
ȌȖȑ șȈȚȈȕȐȕșȒȖȑ ȌțȠȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȐșȗȈȕȞȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȊȣȏȖȊȍȚ
ț ȕȍȋȖ șȓȍȏȣ ǭșȓȐ ȚȈȒ șȓțȟȐȚșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȈȠȐȔȐ țșȚȈȔȐ ȊȍșȤ
ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ȒȘȈȑ șȗȘȖșȐȚ ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ǩȖȋȈ ©ǷȖȟȍȔț Ǻȣ
ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ"ª ǰ Ȋȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ
ȧȊȐȚȤșȧ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ǿȍȝȐȐ ǹȓȣȠȐȚȍ ǰȕțȓȤȚȖ ȗȓȈȟ ȥȚȖȑ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȖȑ ȘȍȒȐ" ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȈȠȈ ȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ǷȘȈȋȈ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔ"
ǶȕȈ țȔȖȓȒȓȈ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ Ȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȣ ș ȔȖ-
ȓȤȉȖȑ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȉȖȘȖȚȤ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȍȑ
ȍȋȖ ȌȘȖȎȐ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ǼȓȈȊȐȐ Ȗȉȍ ȘțȒȐ

131
— ȇ ȐșȗȖȓȕȦ ȊȈȠț ȗȘȖșȤȉț — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȊȖșȚȖȘ-
ȎȍȕȕȖ — Ƕ ȗȘȐȊȧȎȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȖ ȒȘȍșȚț ǪȓȖȎȐȚȍ Ȋșȍ ȔțȒȐ
ȥȚȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋȣ ȗȘȖȟȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȔ ȓȐȞȍ Ȋ ȟȍȘȚȣ
șȊȖȍȋȖ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ ǽȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȊȐȌ ǭȋȖ ȚȘȖȕȍȚ
ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ, Ȑ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȌțȠȍ ȘȈȏȌȈșȚșȧ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȒȈ-
ȎȍȚ ȊȈȔ ȟȚȖ ǽȘȐșȚȖș ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȎȐȓ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ƕȕ ǩȖȋ"
ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ Ȑ șȓțȟȐȚșȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȋȓȧȌȧ
ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚ șȊȖȐȔ șȓȖ-
ȊȈȔ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓȈ — ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȐȌȐȚȍ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ Ȑ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȡȈȑȚȍșȤ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ țȚȘȖȔ ǴȖȑ ȒȖȠȍȓȍȒ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș ȖȚȒȘȣȚ Ȉ
ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȖȓȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȐ
Ƕȕ țȔȖȓȧȦȡȍ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ
— ǬȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ DzȊȐ-
ȌȖȕȈ ǺȖȚ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȘ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȌȊȍȘȐ
ǼȓȈȊȐȧ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖșȚȐ ț ȖȒȕȈ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȠȓȈ ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ
— ǪȏȋȓȧȕȐ șȦȌȈ
ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ
— ȅȚȖȚ ȊȍȕȍȞȐȈȕșȒȐȑ ȉȖȒȈȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȐȓ ȚȊȖȑ ȋȖșȚȤ,
ȚȘȍșȕțȓ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ țșȗȍȓȈ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȅȚȖȚ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȚȊȖȑ ȌȖȔ
ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ
— Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ șțȍȊȍȘȕȈ
— DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȌȖȔ Ȑ ȧ ȊȈȔ șȊȍȚȐȓȈ — ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ
ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ — ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ — ȧ Ȑ Țȣ — ȉȘȖșȈȍȔ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓ
ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȖșȚȧ
— Ǻȣ ȊȍȘȕȖ șȗȈȓȈ ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ǼȓȈ-
ȊȐȧ — Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȔ șȊȍȚȐȓȈ Ȉ ȚȊȖȐ șȕȣ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ
— Ǩ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȒȐȍ — ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓȈ ȚȈ
ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ șȗȧȡȍȑ ǷȘȈȋȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ șȕȍ
ǴȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț Ȗȕ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȗȖȌȝȖ-
ȌȐȓ Ȓ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȘȍȒȍ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚț ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȝ țȓȐȞ Ȑ
ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ ȊȏȣȊȈȓ Ȓ ǩȖȋț ȗȘȖșȧ ǭȋȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȔȍȟȚț ǼȓȈ-
ȊȐȐ șȚȈȊȠțȦ ȍȋȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȍȟȚȖȑ ǭȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ
ǩȖȋ șȓȣȠȐȚ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȍȚ ȟȘȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȐȍ

132
șȚȘȈȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ
ǵȈțȚȘȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ țșȚȈȓȣȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓșȧ ț
ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȌȖȔȈ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȖȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȞȣ
ǭȔț ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȍȔȖȑ șȓțȋȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȗȖ-
Ȋȍȓ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ ǼȓȈȊȐȐ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖȧȊȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ǷȓȈ-
ȞȐȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȈ DzȊȐȌȖȕț ȍȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
— ǫȖșȗȖȎȈ ȊȍȓȐȚ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓȈ ȊȟȍȘȈ — Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ țȌȈȓȐȓȈșȤ
DzȊȐȌȖȕ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȦ ȘȈȏȌȍȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȤ ȍȔț Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȊȍȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȖșȖȋȖ
ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ Ȓ ȓȍșȈȔ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȍșȚȈ ȕȈ
ȗȖȌȔȖșȚȒȈȝ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȗȖȌȕȖȎ-
Ȓț ȗȖȌ ȒȘȍșȚȖȔ Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȈȔȐ Ȓ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȈȌȐ-
ȕȈȔ ȒȘȍșȚȈ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȐ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȒȘȍșȚț Ȑ
ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȖȚȕȧȓ ȗȖȌȕȖȎȒț
ǪȖȠȓȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ Ǫ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȔ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ
ȖȗȖȧșȈȕȕȈȧ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȒțȠȈȒȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ ȕȍ-
ȎȍȓȐ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ Ȑ ȍȡȍ șȚȘȖȎȍ Ȉ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȍȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ǶȕȈ ȔȖȓȟȈ Ȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ
ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈșȤ ȏȈ șȊȖȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ǿȍȘȍȏ
ȟȈș ȖȉȍșșȐȓȍȕȕȣȑ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ țȗȈȓ Ȋ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȓ ȕȍ-
Ȕț ȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȌȖȕȕȣ ǼȓȈȊȐȐ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȔȈș-
ȚȍȘșȒȖȑ DzȊȐȌȖȕ Ȑ ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȓȐ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȐ
ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȦ ȖȌȍȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ ȊȐȕȈ Ȑ ȗȐȡȐ
Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȊȘȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȑ DzȊȐȌȖȕȖȔ
ȗȖȌțȠȒȍ ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ȕȍȔȖȑ ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȔȖȋ ȍȔț șȖȑȚȐ
ș ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȌȖ ȔȖșȚȈ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȍȚȍȘȗȍȊȈȓ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ
ȔțȟȍȕȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ǷȖȟȚȐ ȕȈȋȖȑ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔȐ ȊȍȘȍȊ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȌȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȕȈȚȐȘȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȍȒȠȐȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ Ȗȕ ȊȐșȍȓ
ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȚȍ Ȋ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȟȈșȖȊ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȚȖȔȐ-
Ȕȣȑ ȎȈȎȌȖȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȐ ȍșȚȤ ȕȐ ȗȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ
șȓȍȌțȍȚ — ȊȐșȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖȔ ȥȒșȚȈȏȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȗ ȔțȟȍȕȐȧȝ ǽȘȐ-
șȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȍȔț șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȈȔȖȔț ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȤ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȑ
ȌțȝȖȔ ǰȔ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ ǸȈȏȋȖȘȧȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȕțȠȈȓȖ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ șȈȔ ǩȖȋ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȕȍșȟȈ-
șȚȕȣȑ ȟȍȠșȒȐȑ ȒȘȈȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ șȗȈș ȍȋȖ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȒȘȍșȚȕȣȔȐ

133
ȔțȒȈȔȐ ǭȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȐșȧȡȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȚȍ ȕȐ-
șȝȖȌȐȓ Ȍțȝ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǰșȒțȗȐȚȍȓȧ ǹȈȔ Ǭțȝ ǩȖȎȐȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖ-
șȊȍȟȐȊȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȔȍȘȚȕțȦ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒț ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȌȈȉȣ ș ȗȖȔȖ-
ȡȤȦ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȈ ȖȏȈȘȐȚȤ ȔȘȈȟȕțȦ ȌțȠț ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȐșȗȈȕȞȈ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ Ȋ
șȊȖȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ șțȌȤȉț ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ ȟȍȠșȒȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ƕȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȔȐ-
ȘȈȓ ȖȚ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ ȗȘȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȦ
ȔțȒȐ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȉțȌțȚ Ȗȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȣ Ȑ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ-
ȘȖȌ ȖȎȐȊȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ
șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȗȕ ȖȚȌȈșȚ ȊȖ șȓȈȊț ǩȖȎȐȦ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȔ ȕȖ ȌȖȕȕȈ ǼȓȈ-
ȊȐȧ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȌȕȍȔ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋșȍ ȔȘȈȟȕȍȍ Ȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȍȍ
ǷȖȒȈ ȖȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ ȍȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ țȌȈȍȚșȧ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȝȖȌȐȓ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ
ȚȖ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȊșȦ ȋȖȘȍȟȤ ȊșȦ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧ
— ǵȍȚ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȓȈ
ȖȕȈ ș ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍȔ — ȅȚȖ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȐȏȔȖȎȌȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȋȣ-
ȏȣȊȈȍȚ șȖșȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍ Ȑ țȎȈș ȅȚȐȔ ȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȈ ǵȖ ȓȐȞȖ ǶȕȖ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȓȐȞȖ ǰȕțȓȤȚȖ ǫȘțșȚȕȖȍ
ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȍȗȖȘȖȟȕȖȍ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊȖȍ ǵȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȔȈȓȖ.
Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȓȈȉȖșȚȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȎț șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȔțȒȐ
ǫȌȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȌțȠȐ ȘȈșșȚȈȦȡȍȑșȧ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ
ȚȍȓȖȔ"
ǰ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȋ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ ȖȕȈ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ Ȑ
ȐȏȘȍȏȈȓȈ ȐȔ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ǽȘȐșȚȈ ǵȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȍȓȈ ț ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈșȤ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ șȓȍȏȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ ȍȑ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȐȧ ǭȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ
ȖȕȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓȈ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ǪȖȠȍȌȠȈȧ ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȕȈ
ȐșȗȖȘȟȍȕȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȕȈ ȗȓȈȟțȡțȦ ǼȓȈȊȐȦ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȑ
— Ǻȣ ȗȓȈȟȍȠȤ Ȗȉ ǰȕțȓȤȚȖ" ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ
— Ƕ ȒȖȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȊ
ǭȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȉȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȐȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȍȦ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȖȒ ȋȕȍ-
ȊȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ǷȓȈȞȐȌț ș ȒȐȕȎȈȓȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ
— Ǻȣ ȓȎȍȠȤ
— ǺȍȔ ȓțȟȠȍ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖ ȖȚ-
șȚȘȈȕȧȧșȤ

134
Dz ǼȓȈȊȐȐ ȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ
— ǻȑȌȐ ȇ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȎț Țȍȉȧ Ȑ ȍȋȖ
ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ țȠȓȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ țȗȘȧȔȖ ȔȖȚȕțȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȈ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȐșȗȖȘȟȍȕȕțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǽȘȐșȚȈ ǵȈțȚȘȖ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ ȖȕȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ Ȑ țșȍȘȌȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ
ǵȖ ȖȕȈ țȎȍ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ Țț ȔȐȕțȚȕțȦ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘțȦ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘțȦ ȗȖȌȔȍȚȐȓȈ ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ șȖȊȐ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǰ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȧ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ ȖȕȈ ȍȡȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȈ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȍȍ ȔȍȟȚȍ ǵȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȌȕȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȧș-
ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȧșȕȍȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȌȖȓȋȖȎȌȈȕȕțȦ ȚȍȕȤ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ Ȑȏ-
ȔțȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ Ǩ ȍȋȖ ȖȗȤȧȕȧȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȒȈȒ
ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȖȗȤȧȕȧȍȚ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȐȓȐ ȊȐȕȖ ǹȘȍȌȐ ȚȖȋȖ ȈȌȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȎȐȓ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ șȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȝȈ ȊȐȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȕțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ȘȈșȚȖȗȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȕțȦ ȔȈșșț Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȥȚȈ ȕȍ țȔȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȓȕȧȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȋȘțȌȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ țȓȣȉȈȓȈșȤ ȍȔț Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȔ
ȐșȒțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȖ — ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ — Ȑ Ȍȓȧ
ȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȍȔț șȈȔȣȔ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ șȈȔȣȔ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑȏ ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȖȋȖ ș ȟȍȔ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȦȌȖȓȐ șȓȍȏ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ Ƿȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ șȐȧȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȍ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȍȕȍȞ Ȑȏ ȏȊȍȏȌ
Ȑ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣȚȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȈ — ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉȓȈșȤ — Ȗȕ
ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓ ȖȘȍȖȓȖȔ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ
DzȈȒ-ȚȖ țȚȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ șȐȧȧ ȖȚ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȧȊȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚ ȚȖ Ȓ
ȟȍȔț ȌȈȊȕȖ șȚȘȍȔȐȓȈșȤ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȈ ǬȖȕȕȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȊȖȠȓȈ ȒȈȒ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕ Ȓ ȒȘȍșȚț Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȊȍșȤ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕ Ȑ ȍȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȊșȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȐșȝȖ-
ȌȐȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȕȈȝȔțȘȐȓȈșȤ țȊȐȌȈȊ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȍșȒȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ șȚȍȘȓȖ Ȋșȍ șȓȍȌȣ
ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȔțȒ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȍȍ ǽȘȐșȚȈ Ȋ șȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ

135
ȈȋȖȕȐȐ ȅȚȖ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȔȍȠȈȓȖ ȍȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ
— ǵȍ țȓȣȉȈȑȚȍșȤ ȚȈȒ șȓȈȌȒȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȘȍȏȒȖ —
ȅȚȖȚ ȓțȟ șȟȈșȚȤȧ Ȋ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȕȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȍȚ ȊȈȠȍȔț
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȒȖȟȍȕȍȊȠȍȔț ȖȚȍȒȠȍȔț ȌȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȐșȞȈȘȈ-
ȗȈȕȕȖȔț Țȍȓț — ǰ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȧȋȟȍ —
ǵȍȔȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ țȌȐȊȓȧȍȚ ȒȈȒ ț ȊȈș ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ șȐȓȣ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤ
șȦȌȈ ȗȖ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȕȍ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ ȕȖșȐȓȒȐ ȐȓȐ ȒȖȓȣȔȈȋț" Ǩ ȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȈ
ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȓ ȕȍȉț Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȍȍ țȓȣȉ-
ȕțȓșȧ ǹȒȖȘȖ ȍȔț țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȕțȎȕȣ ȕȐ ȕȖșȐȓȒȐ ȕȐ ȒȖȓȣ-
ȔȈȋȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȤȦ ȊȓȈȟȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȎȍșȚȒȖȑ
ȏȍȔȓȍ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ
ǼȓȈȊȐȍȑ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ ȏȓȖȉȈ
©Ǻȣ ȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȏȓȖª — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ
DzȊȐȌȖȕȈ.
— DzȘȍȗȟȍ ȗȘȐȊȧȎȐ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ ǸȈȏȊȍ Țȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȟȚȖ
ȖȕȐ ȖșȓȈȉȓȐ" ǺțȎȍ ȚțȎȍ — Ȋ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȚȍȓȍșȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȈ-
ȌȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȑ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȊȣșȚț-
ȗȐȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ǽȐȡȕȣȍ ȐșȒȘȣ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȍȍ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȝ ȏȊȍȘȐȕȣȝ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȝ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ǶȕȈ ȒȐȊȕțȓȈ DzȊȐȌȖȕț ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ
țȝȖȌȐȓ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȊȍȕȖȒ țȊȐȚȣȑ ȚȍȘȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǰȕțȓȤ-
ȞȐȧ ǶȕȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȌȣȠȈȓȈ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ș ȉȍș-
șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ țȒȖȘȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȋ
șȍȘȌȞȍ ǺțȔȈȕ ȏȈșȚȓȈȓ ȍȑ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȍȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȋȓȈ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȐȓȈ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȐșȒȈȔ ȎȍșȚȒȐȑ ȚȍȘȕȖȊȣȑ
ȊȍȕȖȒ Ƕȕ ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȐ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ țșȚ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ șȓȈ-
ȉȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ Ȑ șȚȘțȑȒȐ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȗȖȚȍȒȓȐ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞț ȕȈ ȐșȝțȌȈ-
ȓțȦ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕțȦ ȋȘțȌȤ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȓȍȌȍȕ
— ǺȈȒȐȔ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȠȤșȧ
ǶȕȈ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ țȗȖȍȕȐȍ ȓȦ-
ȉȖȊȤȦ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ ȋȕȍȊȖȔ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȖȔ Ȑ
ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓȈșȤ șȖȑȚȐ ș ȗȖȌȔȖșȚȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț ǵȈ
ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ ȕȈȗȈȓȈ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ șȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȚțȔȈȕȕȈȧ ȔȘȈȟȕȈȧ Ȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȏȈȊȍșȈ

136
ȔȍȎȌț ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ǵȈșȚțȗȈȓȈ ȈȋȖȕȐȧ ǬȖȕȕȈ ǼȓȈ-
ȊȐȧ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȚȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȓȐ-
ȞȈȝ ȕȐ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȕȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȖ FDȔȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕțȎȕȖ ǭȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȚțȟȈȓȖ ȕȖ ȘțȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȊȍȘȌȣ ǶȕȈ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ǽȘȐșȚț Ȑ ȍȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȍȍ ȗȈȓȤ-
ȞȍȊ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȟțȌȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ Ǫ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȋȘȖ-
ȉȖȊȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȧ șȓȣȠȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȈȉȣȍ ȊȏȌȖȝȐ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ Ȑ ȍȍ țȟȈȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȣȝȈ-
ȕȐȍ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȖȎȐȓ
— ǩȖȎȍ ǿȚȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ"
ǻ ȌȖȕȕȣ ǼȓȈȊȐȐ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ȋȘȖȔȒȖȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȍ
— ǭȡȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȧ ȉȣ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȈ ȞȍȓȐ ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȋȣ Ȗȟȕț-
ȓȐșȤ"
ǶȕȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ șȚȍȒț
— ǴȈȌȖȕȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȧ țȔȐȘȈȦ
ǶȕȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȍȍ Ȕȣș-
ȓȤȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ — ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ Ȑ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ǶȕȈ țȎȍ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖșȚ
Ƕȕ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȉȓțȎȌȈȦȡȐȔ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ ȔȣșȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗț-
ȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȍȋȖ țȉȐȚȤ
— ǬȈ — ȋȓțȝȖ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ȋȣ ȗȘȈȊȣ ǴȖȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȕȐ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȕȈ Ȑ, ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȚȖ
țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȐșȒȈȓȐ Ȑ ȔȖȧ ȎȍȘȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖȑ
ǶȕȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȎȐȓȈȝ ȒȐȗȧȡȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȒ Ȋ țȠȈȝ
ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȏȊȖȕ Ȉ Ȋ ȊȐșȒȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ țȌȈȘȧȓȐ șȖȚȕȐ ȔȖȓȖȚȖȊ Ǫ
ȌȐȒȖȔ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ ȖȕȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȎȈȓȈ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ
— ǯȈ Țȍȉȧ ȔȖȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ, — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ — ȖȚȌȈȦ
ȧ șȊȖȦ ȒȘȖȊȤ ǩȖȎȍ ȗȘȐȔȐ ȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȐșȒțȗȓȍȕȐȍ
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȓȎȍȠȤ — ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ Ȑ ȍȍ Ȗȉȍȏț-
ȔȍȊȠȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȐȕȍȊȠȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȍȍ-
șȧ ȍȑ șȊȍȚȓȣȔ
ǶȕȈ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȠȈȋ Ȑ ȊȏȔȈȝȕțȓȈ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȖȔ
ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȕȖ, ȕȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ ȉȖȓȐ ș țȌȐȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȦ ȊȣȑȌȧ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȓțȏȈȉȣ-
ȚȤȧ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ țȌȈȘȐȓȖ ȍȔț Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ șȎȈȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǭȋȖ ȖȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓȖ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȗȉ țȚȘȈȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȖȓȖ-
ȌȖșȚȐ ȟțȌȕțȦ ȒȘȈșȖȚț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
țȋȈșȈȓȈ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȍșȕȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȔȐȘȈȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȍȋȖ șȍȘȌ-

137
ȞȍȔ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ țȔȖȓȒȕțȚ ǷȖ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞț șȒȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȒȘțȗ-
ȕȈȧ șȓȍȏȈ ǵȖ, ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȦ Ȗȕ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȍȑ
— ǩȖȎȍ ȗȘȖșȚȐ ȍȑ
ǺȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞț Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ Ƕȕ țȔȍȘ
DzȘȖȊȤ Ȑȏ ȘȈȕȣ ȒȈȗȈȓȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȒȈȗȓȧȔȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ
ȋȓțȝȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ șȚțȒ ȔȍȘȕȣȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȚțȒ ȔȈȧȚȕȐȒȈ Ȋȣ-
Ȋȍȓ ǼȓȈȊȐȦ Ȑȏ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȧ ǶȕȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȖȠȓȈ ș ȗȖȔȖ-
șȚȈ ȒȈȒ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȍ Ȋ
ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖȔ ȉȘȍȌț ǿȈșȣ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȉ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȈȠȓȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȈ
șȊȖȍ ȘȈșȗȧȚȐȍ ǶȕȈ ȏȈȉȣȓȈ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȔȖȌȍȓȐ Ȑ ȍȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈ șȊȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȔ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȉȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ ȖȕȈ ȊșȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓȈ Ȋșȍ ǰșȟȍȏȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȍ șȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȑ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȧȊȐ-
ȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ țȉȐȑȞȈ ǹȐȓȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ
ȍȍ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ
ǶȟȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȕȖȟȤȦ ǭȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȟȚȖ
ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȑ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȍȚ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȘțȒȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȍȍ ǻ ȕȍȍ
ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȊșȚȈȓȐ ȌȣȉȖȔ ǭȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȎȌȍȚ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ
ȥȚȐȝ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ țșȚ
ǶȕȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ȌȖȗȖȓȏȓȈ ȌȖ ȏȈȔțȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ Ȑ
ȌȖȚȘȖȕțȓȈșȤ ȓȉȖȔ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȐ ǴȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ ȊȍȘȕțȓ ȍȍ
Ȓ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǶȕȈ ȊșȚȈȓȈ ȏȈȎȋȓȈ ȓȈȔȗț Ȑ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈ
ȌȊȍȘȤ
— ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ DzȊȐȌȖȕ
ǶȕȐ ȖȉȈ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȓȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ, Ȑ ȏȊțȒ ȍȍ
ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȉȣȓ ȋȓțȝ șȌȈȊȓȍȕ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȟțȎȖȑ ǶȕȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ
ȕȍȍ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ǹȚȖȧ ț șȚȍȕȣ șȘȍȌȐ șțȔȍȘȍȒ șȖ șȓȍȌȈȔȐ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȐ ȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȔ ȓȉț ȖȚ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖ-
ȋȈȔ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ. ǻȊȐȌȍȊ
ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ ȖȕȐ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȓȐ Ȑ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȉȍȏ ȏȊț-
ȒȈ ȉȍȏ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ Ȑ șȈȔȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ
Ȋ șȍȉȧ
— ǻȕȍșȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ — ȋȓțȝȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
— Ǻȣ țȉȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ
ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȒȐȊȕțȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǬȈ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚ Ȕȕȍ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ǩȖȋ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐ-

138
ȕțȚț
— Ǻȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ Ȗ ǩȖȋȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ǷȓȈ-
ȞȐȌȈ — Ǻȣ șȚȈȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȠȤ Ȋ ǵȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ"
— ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț — țȒȓȖȕ-
ȟȐȊȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓȈ — Ǩ Ȗȕ
țȔȍȘ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȔ
ǶȕȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ
— ȇ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ — ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȏȎȍ
— ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖȌȊȈȓ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ șȈȔȈ
șȍȉȍ ș ȋȘțșȚȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ ǷȖȚȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȓȈ-
ȟțȡȍȔț DzȊȐȌȖȕț — ǶȚȕȍșȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȍșȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ
ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȍȚ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ — Ȋȣ Ȏȍ ȔȈȌȖȕȕȈ șȊȍȚȐȚȍ
ǶȕȐ ȊȣȕȍșȓȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ — ȒȘȍșȚ ȖȉȈ-
ȋȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ șȗțșȚȐȓȐ șȊȖȦ ȕȖȠț ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ Ȑ
ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȓȈȔȗț ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȚȧȎȍȓțȦ ȖȗțșȒȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ȗȖȌȊȈȓȈ ǺȖ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȖȌȍȞ ȖșȚȈȊ-
ȠȐȑșȧ ȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ ȊȣȉȐȚȣȑ Ȋ șȒȈȓȍ
Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȊȍȓȈ ȒȘțȚȈȧ ȊȍȚȝȈȧ Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȈȧ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ ǰȌȚȐ ȗȖ
ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖ ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ Ȑ DzȊȐȌȖȕ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȌȖȕȍș-
ȓȐ Ȓ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ ȚȘțȗ Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȚțȌȈ Ǫ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȚȤȔȍ
ȘȈȏȕȍșșȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȏȊțȒ ȟȚȖ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ǷȓȈ-
ȞȐȌȈ Ȑ DzȊȐȌȖȕ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȣȍ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȕțȊ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ țȊȐȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖșȐȕȍȊȠȍȔ ȓȐȞȍ șȖșȍȌȈ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȍșȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȝȈ — ȖȕȐ Ȋ Ȑșȗțȋȍ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓȐ
ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ
_____
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗȉ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȐ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȕȍ șȗȘȈ-
ȠȐȊȈȓ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȐșȒȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȌȖȕȕȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȔȖ-
ȋȓȈ șȗȈȚȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓȈșȤ ȊȐȌȧ ȍȍ
ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȉȍȏ ȚȍȕȐ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȧ ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȕȈ
ȓȐȞȍ
— ǫȖȘȍ ȍȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ DzȊȐȌȖȕț — ȇ ȕȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȦ ȥȚȖ-
Ȕț șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȦ ǻȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȍȚ ȖȚ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ

139
ǬȖȕȕȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȖȚȌȈȓȈ ȊȣșȍȟȤ Ȑȏ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȈ șȊȖȍ ȘȈșȗȧ-
ȚȐȍ Ȉ ȕȈȌ ȓȐȒȖȔ ǽȘȐșȚȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ țșȍȘȌȕȖ șȈȔȈ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ — ǸȈșȗȧȚȐȍ ȖȚȊȍȏȓȐ Ȋ ȗȣȠȕȣȑ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ȌȖȕȈ
ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘȈ ǹȓȈȊȈ ȌȖȕȕȣ ǼȓȈȊȐȐ ȘȈȏȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ǷȘȈȋȍ.
ǬȖȕ ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ țșȚȘȖȐȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȌȖȔȍ Ȉ
ȌȖȕȕȍ ǼȓȈȊȐȐ ȗȖȌȕȍșȓȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȊȍȕȖȒ ǶȕȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋ
ȘțȒȍ țșȚȘȍȔȐȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȓȐȒ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȖȋȖ ǽȘȐșȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȉȣȓ șȖȏȌȈȕ ȍȍ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏ ȊȣȒȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȌȊȍ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȍ ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ șȓȍȏȣ ǬȖȔȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȋȘțșȚȕȖȑ Ȑ ȉȓȍȌ-
ȕȖȑǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ ȊȖȑȌȧ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ ȊȏȧȓȈ ț ȕȍȍ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȏȖȓȖ-
ȚȖȑ ȊȍȕȖȒ Ȑ ȊȖȏȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȍȑ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— Ǻȣ ȊȣȠȍ ǷȘȖȗȍȘȞȐȐ Ȍȍ ǸȖșșȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȍȑ — Ǻȣ
ȗȘȍȊȏȖȠȓȈ ȍȍ
— ǷȘȖȗȍȘȞȐȧ Ȍȍ ǸȖșșȐ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ șȖ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ ǼȓȈ-
ȊȐȧ — Ƕ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈ — ǶȕȈ
ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖȔ ȓȐȞȖ — ǭȍ ȖȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȐȓȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȉ ȧ
ȍȍ țȉȐȓȈ
— ǴȖȓȟȐ — șȚȘȖȋȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȕȈ țș-
ȚȈ ȘțȒț — ǴȖȓȟȐ — Ȑ ȏȈȉțȌȤ
ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ șȕȧȓȈ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋȣ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȊȍȕȖȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ǷȓȈȞȐȌȍ
— ǷȖȌȐ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȕȖȒ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓ
— Ǻȣ ș țȔȈ șȖȠȓȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ
— ǹȚțȗȈȑ Ȑ ȗȖȊȐȕțȑșȧ — ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǼȓȈȊȐȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ șȚȈ-
ȘțȝȈ ȕȍ ȖșȔȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȚȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ — ȉȈȘȍȓȤȍȜ ǷȘȖȗȍȘ-
ȞȐȐ Ȍȍ ǸȖșșȐ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȑ Ȉ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȍșȚȍ ȖȕȈ
țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȌȖȕȕț ǼȓȈȊȐȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȊȍșȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȖȧ-
șȍ Ǫ Țț Ȏȍ ȕȖȟȤ ǸȈșȗȧȚȐȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ Ȑȏ ȔȖȓȍȓȤȕȐ ȌȖȕȈ ǩȈȓȤ-
ȚȈȏȈȘȈ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȌțȠȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȗȍȕțȓȈșȤ ȉȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐ
ȊȐȌȍ ǹȈȔȖȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ǹȗȈșȐȚȍȓȧ ǶȕȖ ȖȟțȚȐȓȖșȤ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖșȚȍȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖșȍȡȈȓșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ
ȗȘȈȎșȒȖȑ ȉȍȌȕȖȚȖȑ ȅȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȊȍșȚȤȦ Ȗ
șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȍ ȌȖȕȕȣ ǼȓȈȊȐȐ ȕȈȌȍȓȈȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȠțȔȈ ȗȖ Ȋșȍ-
Ȕț ȒȘȈȦ ǵȖ ǷȓȈȞȐȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȒȘȣȠȒț
ȗȖȌȊȈȓȈ Ȑ DzȊȐȌȖȕ șȗțșȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊȕȐȏ Ȋȣȕȍș ȉȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȖșȚȈȕ-

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ȒȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔ ȊȍȕȒȖȔ ȉȘȖ-
ȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓț
_____
DzȖȋȌȈ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȐȧ ș ȋȘȖȉȖȔ ǰȕțȓȤ-
ȞȐȧ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȎșȒȐȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ Ȋ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȗȖȐșȚȐȕȍ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȖ
ȊșȍȔț ȗțȚȐ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȉȍȌȕȣȝ Ȑ țȉȖȋȐȝ șȒȓȖȕȧȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȓ
ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȔ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȐșșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȖșȚȐ-
ȘȈȓȐ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔȈȓȖȔț țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȘȈȏȖȌȍȚȣȝ ȗȈȕȖȊ ȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȕȧȝ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȣȔȈȋȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ țȊȐ-
ȌȈȊ ȥȚȖ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ Ȗ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȧ
ǶȌȐȕ ȋȖȘȌȣȑ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐȑ ȒȈȘȌȐȕȈȓ ȗȘȖȎȐȊȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ
ǷȘȈȋȍ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȖȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȍȕȕȈȧ
ȚȖȓȗȈ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȣȠȕțȦ ȒȖȓȣȔȈȋț Ƕȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȖ-
ȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȐȏȓȐȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȋȕȍȊ ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ ȉȓȐȏșȚȖȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȐȏȍȕȤȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȌȖȔȐȒȈ ȊȣȠȍȓ șȔȐȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȒșȍȕȌȏ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ Ȑ ȉȍȌȕȣȑ
ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȊȠȐȑ ȉȍȌȕȧȒȈȔ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ ȍȋȖ țȊȐȌȈȓȐ ȋȘȖȉ ǰȕțȓȤȞȐȧ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȚȍȘ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȖșȐȧȓ
țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț DzȈȘȌȐȕȈȓ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐ-
ȊȖ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȓȣȔȈȋȐ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȌȖȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ Șț-
ȒȖȑ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȟȈ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ ȥȚȖ
ȊȈȠȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȐȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ șȚȘȖȋȖ
DzșȍȕȌȏ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȖȌȍȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ȗțȘȗțȘ Ȑ
ȠȍȓȒ ȗȘȍȓȈȚȈ
— ǬȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ" — țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȖȚ șȊȍȘȒȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȘȍșȚȈ ȕȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȞȍȗȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȓȍ-
șȚȍȓ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȒȈȘȌȐȕȈȓȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȣȑ
ȊȏȖȘ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȉ
— ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȎț ȒȘȖȔȍ ȉȍȌȕȣȝ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ
ȕȐȡȍȋȖ DzȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȒȈȘȌȐȕȈȓ
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȒșȍȕȌȏ — ȕȖ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȐȏȉȘȈȕ-

ȕȐȒ ǩȖȎȐȑ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȘȖȉȖȔ ȠȍșȚȊțȍȚ
ȞȈȘȤ ǬȈȊȐȌ ș ȈȘȜȖȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ǹȗȈșȐȚȍȓȤ ȉȖșȖȑ Ȑ ș
ȚȍȘȕȖȊȣȔ ȊȍȕȞȖȔ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ"
ǰ șȔȐȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȒșȍȕȌȏ șȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȟȍȓȖȔ ȌȖ ȏȍȔȓȐ
ǴȖȋȓȐ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȋȖȘȌȍȞȣ țȗȖȍȕȕȣȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȗțșȚȖȑ
șȓȈȊȖȑ" ǵȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ Ȉ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȣȝ Ȍȓȧ
ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ țȋȕȍȚȍȕȕȣȝ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖșȚȣȝ Ȑ ȉȍȌȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ
ǽȘȐșȚȖș ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȍȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ
ș ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ ȞȈȘșȚȊțȦȡȐȔȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǺȍȔ ȒȖȋȖ șȟȐȚȈȦȚ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔȐ ǹȗȈșȐȚȍȓȤ ȧȊ-
ȓȧȍȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȍȓȧ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȧ ǹȊȖȍ ȒȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
șȊȍȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧșȕȍȍ șȊȍȚȈ șȖȓȕȞȈ

ȀdzǾdzǵǮ ǺǮǻȂǾdzDzǶ
ǽȓȞ ǰ ǽ DZșȓȏȜȐȜȗ

143
L'étranger te voyant mourante, échevelée,
Demande: «Qu'as-tu donc, ô femme désolée?»
A. Chénier*
ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ Ȑ ȔȈȥșȚȘȖ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȔ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȧ Țȍȉȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗȐȠț ǷȍȘȖ ȊȣȗȈȌȈȍȚ
ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ
Ȋșȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȇ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȥȚȖ Ȑ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚț — Ȑ Ȗȉȍ-
ȡȈȕȐȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȖ ǹȖȖȉȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȖȉȖȦ ȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȐȍ Ȗȉ țșȗȍȝȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎșȒȖȔ șȈȓȖȕȍ
Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ țȌȈȘ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȈ DzȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ
ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ" DzȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȘțȟȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȖȚ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȋȖ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȌțȋȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȍȋȖ
șȘȈȏȐȓ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȦ ȚȍșȕȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȖ-
Ȕț ș ȥȚȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȖȑ? ǭșȓȐ Ȗȕ țȔȘȍȚ ȐȓȐ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈ-
ȉȖȓȍȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȉțȌȍȚșȧ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ ǬȍșȧȚȤ-ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ
ȓȍȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ — Ȑ șȓȈȊȈ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ țȗȘȖȟȐȓȈșȤ ȉȣ Ȑ ȍȋȖ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȉȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ — ȞȍȓȖȍ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȍ ȕȈ-
ȘȧȌț ș ȓțȟȠȐȔȐ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȏȈȉțȌțȚ ǵȖ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȔȍȕȤ-
Ƞȍ ȉȖȓȐȚ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȖșȔȍȘȚȕțȦ
șȓȈȊț" Ƕ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ ȔȈȥșȚȘȖ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȌȖȉȘ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȧ Ȑ
șȊȖȐ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ Ȑ șȊȖȑ ȌȖȔ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȔț ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚț Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȒȖȑ Ȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ țȍȌȐȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȋ ǷȈșșȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȕȈȘțȠȍȕȣ ȊȏȌȖȝȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ-
ȔțȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǷȘȖșȚȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Ȗ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȚȍ
Țȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȍȠȤ ȗȖȝȊȈȓ — ȧ ȔȖȓȟț ǪȍȌȤ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ
Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȉȣ
ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȧ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ Țȍȉȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗȐȠț Ȗ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȍ ȕȍ
ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȐ ȎȈȓȖȉȖȑ ȕȐ ȏȈȡȐȚȖȑ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖșȚȣȔ
ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȔ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈșȚșȧ Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ Țȣ țȗȘȍȒȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ,
* ©ɂ ɜɨɩɪɨɲɚɟɬ ɝɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɫɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɨ ɜɡɨɪɟ  ³Ɉ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ ɫɤɚɠɢ ɜ
ɤɚɤɨɦ ɬɵ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɨɦ ɝɨɪɟ"´ª Ⱥ ɒɟɧɶɟ ɩɟɪ Ɇ Ɂɟɧɤɟɜɢɱɚ

Ƕ

144
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍ ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȕȐ
ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȍȔ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ șȔȍȓ
ȗȐșȈȚȤ Țȍȉȍ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ Țȣ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ
ȟȚȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȏȈȊȐșȚȤ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ Ȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȖȔț ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚț Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȥȚț ȕȍșȗȘȈ-
ȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȇ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȋȖȘȍȟȐ ȍȋȖ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȟȍȔ ȔȖȐ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȏȈȊȐșȚȐ ȇ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȓȦȉȓȦ
șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȍȕ ȏȈ ȚȖȚ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȚȈ-
ȓȈȕȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȓ Ȕȕȍ ȌȈȕ Ȋ ȕȈȋȘȈȌț ȏȈ ȔȖȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȉȍȏȖ-
ȉȘȈȏȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȇ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ǩȖȋȈ Ȑ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȍ ȧ ȉȣȓ
ȉȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȗȖȒȖȍȕ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȏȈ-
ȕȐȔȈȦ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ ȍșȓȐ ȉ ȔȖȍ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȍ ȕȍ ȕȈ-
țȟȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖșȚȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȓ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏț
ǪȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȑȏ ǹȒȈȕȌȐȕȈȊȐȐ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋț ȧ ȒȈȒ Țȣ șȍȉȍ ȥȚȖ
ȓȍȋȒȖ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǫȘȈȌ-
ȟȐȕ Ȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚț ȇ șȚȘȍȔȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȊșȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ
ȕȍ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȖșȤ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȊțȦ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȐșȤȔȈȝ ǰ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȗȖȝȊȈȓ ǴȈșȚȍȘșȒȈȧ ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȉȣȊȠȍȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ ȇ
ȊȖȠȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȍȏȌ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ ȊȣȓȖȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȠȐȜȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȗȓȐȚȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȐȑ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ
ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȚșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȐ ȕȈȟȐșȚȖ ©ȊȣȉȍȓȐȓª Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȥȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȑ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȓȈȊȣ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȖ
ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ǩȖȎȐȑ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȍȡȈȕșȒȖȑ ȉȈȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȉ ȗȖ-
șȘȍȌȐ ȉțȑȕȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȑ ȜȖȕȚȈȕ ȖȗȓȈȒȐȊȈȓ țșȔȐȘȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȋȖȘȌȣȕȦ ȗȘȖȠȓȣȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ȇ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ
ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȚȈȓ ȌȖ țȏȒȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ șȚțȗȍȕȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȣȚȍșȈȕȣ Ȑȏ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȎȐȓȐ ȊȈȕȌȈȓȐȏȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȑ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖ
ȕȐȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȓȐȓȈșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȓȍșȚ-
ȕȐȞȈ ȖȋȓȈȠȈȓȈșȤ ȌȐȒȐȔȐ ȉȖȍȊȣȔȐ ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ ȒȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ" ǷȖ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȈȧ ȍȍ ȋȘȧȏȤ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ dzȍșȚȕȐȞȈ ȒȘțȚȖ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ȌȖ șȈȔȣȝ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ǷȖ-
ȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȗȘȍȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ ȕȖșȐ-
ȓȖ ȖȚȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑ ȗȖȘȣ șȚȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ

145
ȊȐȘȚțȖȏȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȐȘȓȧȕȌȈȔȐ Ȑ ȜȍșȚȖȕȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȗȓȖ-
ȌȖȊ Ȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȣ ȈȔțȘȣ Ȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȟȍ-
șȈȘȍȑ Ȑ ȉȖȋȐȕȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȧȘȒȖȑ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȕȖșȚȐ Ȗ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ dzȦȌȖȊȐȒȈ ǷȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȖȒȕȖ ȗȘȖȘțȉ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȍ șȘȍȌȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐșȗȖȘȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȐ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ-
ȓȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ ȞȍȓȣȔȐ ȗȖȚȖȒȈȔȐ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ Ȉ ȚȧȎȍȓȈȧ
ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȤ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȝȖȌȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ǷȖș-
ȓȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȘțȒȖȗȖȎȈȚȐȑ ȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȑ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȚȍȔ, ȒȈȒ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȈȧ șȓțȎȐȓȈ
ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȔ ȚȍȈȚȘȖȔ ȧ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȤ ȇ țȋȈȌȈȓ
ȧ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȈ Ȑ
ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȈȘțȦȡȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ ȕȍ-
ȎȍȓȐ ȚȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȒȘȣȠ,
ȋȖȘȌȣȝ ȉȈȠȍȕ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȒțȗȖȓȖȊ ș ȕȍșȘȈȊȕȍȕȕȣȔ
ǷȍȚȘȠȐȕȖȔ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȗȖȘȖșȠȐȔ ȓȍșȖȔ Ȑ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȖȑ ȘȍȒȖȑ
ȊȌȈȓȐ ǪȐȌ ǷȘȈȋȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ Ȑ ȥȚȈ
țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȓȈ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȕȍ ȕȖȊȈ ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȑ ȊȣșȚțȗ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȒ-
ȕȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈșȓȈȌȐȚȤșȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȒȈȒ
ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ
— Ǻȣ ȕȍȕȈșȣȚȕȣȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ
— ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȚȘțȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȚȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȊȖ ȜȤȖȘȌȈȝ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȧ
ȌȍȒȓȈȔȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ — ȕȍȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȕȖ ȕȈȌȘȣȊȈȍȚ șȊȖȦ ȋȘțȌȕțȦ
ȒȓȍȚȒț ȕȈ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȚȍȓȍȎȒȈȝ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ 6WRONlrren
ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȣȍ ȕȖȘȊȍȎȞȣ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊțȦ ȊȍȡȤ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȕȍȒȘȈ-
șȐȊȣȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ
 Ȑ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȍ — ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
— ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Țȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȍȠȤșȧ ȗȍȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕțȦ
ȗȍșȕȤ Ȗ ȟțȎȐȝ ȌȍȓȈȝ — țȎȈșȕțȓșȧ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ — ǰ ȧ, ȉȍȏț-
ȔȍȞ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓ Țȍȉȍ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȚȤ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȗȖ-ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ǹȖȝȘȈȕȐ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ șȊȖȦ ȗȘȖȗȖ-
ȊȍȌȤ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȟȈșȈ Ȉ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȎȐ ȓțȟȠȍ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȝ
ǺțȚ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— Ǻȣ șȚȈȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȊȍȘȐȠȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒțȦ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ
ȊȍȡȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ" Ǻȣ ȉȍȏ șȖȔȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȍȘȐȠȤ Ȋ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȍȌȐȕȖȘȖȋȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ"
ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ

146
ȧ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȗȘȐȕȍș Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ
— ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ș ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȖș-
ȚȖȘȋȖȔ — ǶȚȒțȌȈ Țȣ Ȋȏȧȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȥȚȦȌ"
ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȉȘȖșȖȒ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ țȋȖȓȒȈ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȔȐȓȧȝ ȖȚ DZȨȕȟȨȗȐȕȋȈ ǿȐșȚȖ ȠȊȍȌ-
șȒȈȧ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȘȈșȡȍȓȐȕȈ ȗȖȘȖșȠȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȝȊȖȑ-
ȕȣȔ ȓȍșȖȔ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ șȍȌȖȋȖ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȈ, ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȕȣȍ ȚȖ ȚțȚ
ȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȉȍȘȍȏȖȊȣȑ ȓȍș Ȉ ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȔ ȗȍȑȏȈȎȍȔ Țȧȕțȓ-
șȧ ȌȖ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ ǵȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ
ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȍ ȘȈșȡȍȓȐȕȈ ȒțȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȌȣȔ ȘȈșșȚȐȓȈȓșȧ
ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȓȍșȈ ȒȈȒ ȖșșȐȈȕȖȊșȒȐȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȇ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȓ
ǷȘȈȋț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋ ȓțȟȈȝ șȖȓȕȞȈ, Ȑ
Ȋșȍȑ ȌțȠȖȑ șȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȠȊȍȌșȒȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ
ȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ
— ǨȋȈ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ț Țȍȉȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ
ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ — ȌȘȈȏȕȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ — Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȍȑȏȈȎ
ȉȣȓ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȔȍșȚȖȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȒ-
ȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ
— ǻȊȍȘȧȦ Țȍȉȧ ȧ ȏȈȉȣȓ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȧ — ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȥȚȦȌ
— ǸȈșșȒȈȎȐ — ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȈȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ
— Ǻȣ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȖȠȐȉȈȍȠȤșȧ ȔȖȑ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȚțȚ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ Ȉ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ȕȖ Țȣ ȐȔȍȍȠȤ ș
ȥȚȐȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ șȖȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȇ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȓȍșȈ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓșȧ ș ȖȌȕȐȔ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȌȐȓȍȚȈȕȚȖȔ ǹȈȔȣȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȍȔ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȕȈȘȧȌț ș ȞȍȓȣȔȐ ȗȖȓȟȐȡȈȔȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ
ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȘȐșțȦȡȐȍ Ȑ ȔȈȓȦȦȡȐȍ ȌȐȓȍȚȈȕȚȣ ǴȖȑ
ȌȐȓȍȚȈȕȚ ȉȣȓ ȋȘȈȜ Ȑ șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ Ȑ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȌȖȉ-
Șȣȑ ȔȈȓȣȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȕȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ǪȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȖȟȒȈ ȀȓȐ Ȕȣ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȖȚ DZȨȕȟȨȗȐȕȋȈ ȌȖ ǽȈȉȖ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ Ȋ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȔȐȔȖȝȖȌȖȔ ȕȈȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓȐ
ȥșȒȐȏȣ ȘȖȡȐȞ ǫȘȈȜ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȓșȧ ȔȕȖȦ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊțȦ ȗȖ
ȀȊȍȞȐȐ ǭȋȖ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȚțȌȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȌȍȓȈ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ-
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȍȉȍ ȀȊȍ-
ȞȐȦ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȚțȚ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȖȚȐȊȖȊ Ȍȓȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ ȒȈȘ--
ȚȐȕȣ Ƕȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȑ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȤ ȥȚȦȌȣ ȀȊȍȑȞȈȘȐȐ

147
ȖȌȕȐ ǨȓȤȗȣ Ȋ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȔ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ș ȋȖȓțȉȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ șȓȐ-
ȊȈ ȚȍȕȧȔȐ ǭȋȖ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȔȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗț-
ȌȐȕȋȐ ȗȖȓȐȚȣȍ șȐȘȖȗȖȔ Ǩ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȧ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȥȚȖ
ȉȣȓ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȔȈȓȣȑ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȚțȚ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋȍ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȖȕȈ
ș ȖȚȞȖȔ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ ǩțȌțȡȐȑ ȍȋȖ ȚȍșȚȤ — ȟȍȠșȒȐȑ Ƞȓȧȝ-
ȚȐȟ ș ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȖȑ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȍȑ — ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȐȝ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȔȈȚȤ
ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȋȖȘȖȎȈȕȒȈ ǫȘȈȜ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋȍ Ȑ
ȖȚȌȈȓ ȊȕȈȑȔȣ ȒȕȧȏȦ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ șȊȖȍȔț ȉțȌțȡȍȔț ȚȍșȚȦ șȊȖȑ
ȌȖȔ ǭșȓȐ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ Ȕȣ ȗȖȍȌȍȔ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
— Ǵȣ" — țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ — ǿȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ"
— ǫȘȈȜ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ ȍșȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ
șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȗȖȘȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȜȘȍșȒȐ Ƕȕ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ Ȗș-
ȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȑȝ Ȉ Țȣ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ ȍȔț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ Ȑȝ
ȘȍșȚȈȊȘȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ǫȘȈȜ ȕȈ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȔȖȐȝ șȓȖȊ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȏȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȟȕȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȧȍȚșȧ Țȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ Țȣ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȗȖȘȚ-
ȘȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ȇ țȎȍ ȗȐșȈȓ ȍȍ ȖȚȞț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈș ȎȌȍȚ ȧ
șȈȔ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȍȔț ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȑȏ ǽȘȐșȚȐȈȕȐȐ ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ
ș ȋȘȈȜȖȔ Ȑ ȧ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȍȔț ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȍȏȌȍ ȕȈȊȍș-
ȚȐȚȤ ȒȕȧȎȕț ȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȍșȚț Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȖȉȖ-
ȎȈȍȚ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ǫȖȊȖȘȧ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ ȔȖȍ Ȗȉȍ-
ȡȈȕȐȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȧȋȖȚȐȚ ȇ ȕȍ ȊȘȈȋ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȐȐ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȧȔȖ
ȐȌȍȈȓ Ȋ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȐ ș ȕȈȠȍȑ ȕȈȗȣȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȐȍȑ Ȑ
șȔȍȠȕȣȔ șȈȔȖȔȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȔȐȓȣȝ șȖȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȕȖ ȧ
ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ șȍȉȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȔ Ȋ șȊȍȚșȒȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ǻ ȕȈȠȍȑ
ȏȕȈȚȐ ȕȍȚ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȈ — ȖȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈ-
ȚȐȧ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ǪȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȘȖȊȕȧ ȝțȌȖȎ-
ȕȐȒȈȔ ȚȖȑ ȗȖȘȣ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȉȍșȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȕȖ Ȗȉ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈ-
ȚȐȐ ȌțȝȈ Ȑ ȘȖȌȈ Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ Ǩ
ȒșȚȈȚȐ Țȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ȋȘȈȜȈ"
— ǬȈ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔț ȖȒȕț
— ǪȐȌȐȠȤ ȓȐ ȚȈȔ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȡȐȚ" ȅȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȐȝ ȌȖȔȈȝ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȗȖ ȋȘȍȉȕȧȔ ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȘȣȠ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȌȖȑȚȐ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȉȣȓ
ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȓȍȋȖȒ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȓțȉȤ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȠȒȈ
ǪȐȌȐȠȤ ȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȖȕȈ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ Ȑȏ-
ȋȐȉȣ ȊȖȕ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ ȚȍȘȘȈșȣ ȏȈ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȍȔ ȉȈȘ-
ȕȈȉȐȚȖȒ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȒȖ ȌȊȖȘȞț ǵȍ ȘȈȏ ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ

148
Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣ ȘȐșȒțȧ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȌȖȑȚȐ ȌȖ
ȚȖȑ ȚȍȘȘȈșȣ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȕȍȗȖȘȖȟȕȣȝ ȌȍȊ
ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȏȊȖȕȐȓ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȘȖȉȒȖ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȋȘȖȔ-
ȒȖ ȇ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ Ȑ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ ȗȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ șȚȘȖȑ-
ȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȖȔ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ǭȍ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ ȕȍ ȐȔȍ-
ȓȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ș ȋȘȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȈ
ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȐȝ ȉȖȋȐȕȤ ȚȈȒ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȐ ȊȣȚȍșȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ ȝȘȈ-
ȔȖȊ Ȑ ȋȘȖȉȕȐȞ ǰ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȍȍ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȤ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȕȐȏ-
ȒȐȔ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔ ȓȉȖȔ ș ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȋȕțȚȣȔ ȕȖșȖȔ ș
ȗȖȓȕȣȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔ ȏȈȒȘțȋȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȌ-
ȉȖȘȖȌȒȖȔ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖȟȍȘȟȍȕ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ
Ȑȏ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ șȈȔȖȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȑ ȜȐȊȈȕșȒȖȑ ȥȗȖȝȐ.
Ǫ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȍȚșȒȖȍ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ
șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȍ ȖȕȖ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓȖ ȕȖ ȍȍ țȌȐȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȉȓȍșȒȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ Ȗȗțȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǷȖȌ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ
șȝȖȌȧȡȐȔȐșȧ ț ȕȖșȈ ȉȘȖȊȧȔȐ șȊȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȚȍȔȕȖ-șȍȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȍ Ȑ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ
ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȐ ǶȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐ
ȒȈȒ ȕȍȉȖ Ǫșȍ ȍȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȌȣȠȈȓȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȘȖȌșȚȊȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȍ ȖȚ ȊȍȚȍȘȒȈ
— ǿȚȖ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ș ȚȖȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ȞȐȕȐȟȕȖȑ țșȔȍȠȒȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐ-
ȞȖ
— ȇ țȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȕțȎȕȈ ȔȖȌȍȓȤ Ȑ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓȈ —
ȏȈȐȒȈȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȍȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȍ Ȉ ȍȋȖ
țȓȣȉȒȈ ȍȡȍ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȈ șȞȍȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ
ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ șȊȖȦ Ƞȓȧȗț
— ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȕȕȈ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ șȚȍșȕȧȍȚșȧ ȇ ȗȖȑȌț Ȋ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȦ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ
ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈȓ Ȑ ȉțȌț ȌȖȎȐȌȈȚȤșȧ Țȍȉȧ ȚȈȔ
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȗȖȓȍȋȟȈȓȖ ȇ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȍȑ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȍȔȕȖ-șȍȘȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȇ ȕȈ-
șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȗțșȒȈȓșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȕȈ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȐȍ ȕȖȋȐ

149
Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȔȐȔȖȝȖȌȖȔ Ȑ șȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȔ ȗȖȟȍȔț — șȈȔ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ
ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ ǶȟțȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ
ȌȊȖȘȍ ȧ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚț Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ ȒȖ-
ȜȍȑȕȦ ȗȖȑȌț ǪȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȧ ȖȗȍȘșȧ Ȗ
ȗȖȓțȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȜȖȕȚȈȕ ș ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋȈ
Ǫ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȧ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓșȧ șȈȔȖȔț șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȌ
ȗȖȌȖȎȌȈȚȤ — ȧ ȉȣȓ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ țȊȐȎț ȥȚȐ țȌȐȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȍ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȌȍȚșȒȐȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȇ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗȉ Ȑȝ șȍȘȖȔ ȉȓȍșȒȍ ǷȖȕȍ-
ȔȕȖȋț Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȐșȗȖȘ-
ȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȈ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ șȊȍȚț Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȈȧ șȚȘțȧ ȜȖȕȚȈȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȉȐȓȈ ȌȖ șȈȔȣȝ ȊȍȘ-
ȝțȠȍȒ ȕȍșțȡȍșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȕ ȌȖȔȈ Ȋȣȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȦȚ ȏȓȈȚȖȒțȌȘȣȍ ȗȈȎȐ Ȋ ȏȈȓȈȝ Ȑ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȧȝ ș ȊȣșȖȒȐȔȐ
șȊȖȌȈȔȐ șȓȈȌȒȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȦȚșȧ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȔȖȓȒȕțȊȠȐȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȔȈȕ-
ȌȖȓȐȕ ȊȌȖȓȤ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȖȕȕ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȠȓȈ șȖ șȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȣȔ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȖȔ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ǭȍ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȑ ȠȓȍȑȜ
ȠțȘȠȈȓ ȗȖ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȔ ȗȓȐȚȈȔ ȍȍ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȕȈ
șȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȉȍȓȖȑ Ƞȍȍ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȎȍȔȟțȋȈ Ȉ
ȗȖȌ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȘȖșȠȐȔȐșȧ ț ȚȖȕȒȖȋȖ ȕȖșȈ ȉȘȖȊȧȔȐ
șȊȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȧșȕȣȍ ȚȍȔȕȖ-șȍȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓșȧ ȔȖȑ șȖȕ; ȧ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ ȉȣșȚȘȣȍ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȠȈȋȐ ȗȖ ȒȘțȚȖȑ
ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȒȖȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ
Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȔțȡȍȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ.
ǶȕȈ șȗȍȠȐȓȈ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȖȘ
șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȍȏȌȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȍȍ șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ ȜȐ-
ȋțȘȈ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȊȣȘȐșȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȏȖȓȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȜȖȕȍ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȖȔȖȔ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ
ǬȖȓȎȍȕ ȓȐ ȉȣȓ ȧ ȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ" ǬȈ Ȑ ȏȈȟȍȔ" ǷȘȍȎȌȍ,
ȟȍȔ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȧ țȊȐȌȈȓ Ȑ țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚ-
ȕȐȞȍ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ, ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ, Ȋȍșȍȓ Ȑ ȕȈșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȓ
— ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" ǿȚȖ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȖȑ" — ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ ȧ ȍȋȖ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ — țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȖȒȘțȟȐȊȈȧ țșȣ — ȅȚȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȈ
Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȉ ȧ ȍȍ ȖȚȊȍȘȋ

150
— ǷȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ" — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȧ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ș ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȈ-
ȊȐȓ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȏȒȖ — Ǩ Țȣ ȖȚȊȍȘȋ ȍȍ" ǪȍȌȤ Țȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ
ȉȣȊȈȍȠȤ ȉȍșȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ Ƕ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ
— ǷȘȈȊȌȈ — șȔȍȧȓșȧ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ — Ȑ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȧ ȐȔ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓ ǷȖȌȖȎȌȐ ȗȖȒȈ Țȣ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚț
ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ, ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓ ȍȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȈȧ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȍ
ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ Ǹțȉȍȕș ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȗȣȠȕȣȝ ȜȖȘȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȎȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓ ȋȘțȌȤ
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȗȍșȕȖȗȍȕȐȑ Țȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ
ȒȘȈșȒȐ ǸțȉȍȕșȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ
— ǬȈ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȐȓȐ ǹȊȧȚȈȧ Ȑȏ ǼȤȍȏȖȓȍ ȚȈȒ
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ș ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȋȌȍ ȏȘȈȟȖȒ ȖȉȖȏ-
ȕȈȟȍȕ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȈȓȤȔȍȧ ș ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ȐȓȐ ș ȚȍȔȕȣȔ
ȎȈȘȖȔ ǰșȗȈȕȐȐ ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȒ Țȣ țȝȐȚȘȧȍȠȤșȧ
ȓȦȉȐȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȒȘȈȑȕȖșȚȐ
— ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ Țȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȊȍ-
ȚȧȚșȧ ȗȖȌ ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȉȘȖȊȧȔȐ ȚȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȈȒ Țȣ
șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȈ Țȍȉȍ șȊȖȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ șȒȖȘȍȍ
șȈȔȖȔț șȍȉȍ ȟȍȔ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚț
ǺȖȚ Ȋșȗȓȍșȕțȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
— Ǻȣ ȘȍȊȕțȍȠȤ — Ƕȕ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ — DzȈȒȖȍ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖȍ țȌȈȘȍȕȐȍ ȒȓȈȌȍȠȤ Țȣ ȕȈ șȊȖȍ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȍȍ ©șȒȈȏȈȓª
Ǻȍȉȧ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȥȚȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ" ȅȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍșȚȐ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȚȘțȌ-
ȕȖ ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ ȒȈȒ ȧ ș ȕȍȑ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȌȈȊ-
ȕȖ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȗȘȖȋțȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ǷȍȚȘ-
ȠȐȕ ǩȣȓȖ ȚȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗțșȚȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȌțȘ-
ȕȖȔ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȌțȝȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ țȍȝȈȓȈ ȕȈ
ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ǷȘȈȋȐ ȧ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȈ țȍȝȈȓȈ ȇ
ȘȈȏȣȋȘȣȊȈȓ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓ șȍȕȚȐȔȍȕ-
ȚȈȓȤȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȖȉȓȈȟȒȈ șȓțȠȈȓ ȠȍȓȍșȚ ȌȍȘȍ-
ȊȤȍȊ Ȑ ȗȓȣȓ ș ȕȈȌțȚȣȔȐ ȗȈȘțșȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȊȖȓȕȈȔ ȓȐȘȐȏȔȈ Ǫ
ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȧ țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȊȏȌȖȝ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȖȌ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ-
ȔȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒț șȐȌȧȡțȦ ȕȈ ȕȐȏȒȖȑ șȒȈȔȍȑȒȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ
ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȟȍȘȚ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖ-

151
ȓȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ ǶȚȖȔșȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȣ ȕȍ-
ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȔȣșȓȤȦ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ
ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȓȖȋȐȟȕȖȑ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȔ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȔȖȋ ©ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ-ȚȖ ȧ Țȍȉȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ
ȐșȒȈȓ ȧ Țȍȉȧ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȋȌȍ Țȣ DzȈȒ ȌȈȊȕȖ
ȎȈȎȌȈȓ ȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȖ ȊȖș-
ȒȓȐȒȕțȚȤ ³ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ Țȍȉȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȚȣ ȔȖȍȑ
ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȖȑ ȌțȠȐ ȓȦȉȓȦ´ª ǩțȌȤ ȖȕȈ ȝȖȚȤ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ Ȋ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘȍ ȖȕȈ ȉȣ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌț-
ȔȈȓ ȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȖȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣșȔȍȍȚ Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȚ
ȉȓȐȎȕȍȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȒȖșȚȍȓȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȊȖ ȐȔȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ șȊȧ-
ȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋȖȓȖș ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȉțȌȕȐȟȕȖȍ ȎȍȕșȒȖȍ
ȐȔȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȥȚȖȚ ȋȖȓȖș ȕȖ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȉțȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚ șȕȈ ȇ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȚȍȕȤ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȎȐȓȖȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȒȈȔȍȑȒȍ ©ǻȎȍ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȐª —
șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț Ƕȕ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȒȖș-
Țȍȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȊȖȘȧȓȐșȤ ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȈ ȝȖȚȧ ȍȍ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ
țȌȐȊȐȓȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ Ȋ ȍȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȇ țȠȍȓ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
șȔȍȠȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȐ ǰ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȕȖȊȈ ȊșȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȍȌȐȐ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȑ
ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȋȖȕȧȍȚ șȒțȒț Ȉ Țȍȉȧ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚ
ȇ ȕȍ șȘȈȏț țȏȕȈȓ ȍȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ©ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȧ ȉȣȓȈ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȍȍ
ȊȈș ȧ ȊȈș ȕȈȠȓȈª — ȚȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȐȌȍȚ
ȘȍȟȤ ©ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȊȈȔ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ —
ȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȊȈȠȍ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍª
ȇ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȤ ȘȖȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȥȚȐȔ
ȎȍȓȈȕȕȖȍ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȊȐȌ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȋȓț-
ȗȖȋȖ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ©ǷȖȊȚȖȘȐ ȥȚȐ șȓȖ-
ȊȈ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐª — ȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ǷȍȚȘȠȐȕȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ țȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ ©ȅȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȏȈȉȣȚȣ ȋȓțȗȍȕȤ-
ȒȈȧ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ — ǰ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȗȘȈȊȌț ǮȈȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȌȘțȋțȦ ǪȈȠȈ ȕȈȐȊ-

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ȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȈ Ȑ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȉȣ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȖșȚȤ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ț
ȔȖȍȑ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȗȘȐȏ ȖȕȈ ȘȈȏȋȕȍȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȘȈȌ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȚȤ ȌȘțȋțȦ ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ șȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓ
ȉȣ ȊȈȔ ș ȕȍȦ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ȇ ȏȈȗȐȠț ȊȈȠ ȈȌȘȍș Ȋȣ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈª ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȘțȒț
— DzȈȒȈȧ ȋȘțȉȖșȚȤ — ȊșȗȣȓȐȓ ȧ
— ǵȖ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȚȈȒȐȔ șȗȖ-
șȖȉȖȔ" — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ — ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȧ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ
ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȐȊȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ǵȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȧȊȐȚșȧ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȠ-
ȓȦ ȍȍ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ ȘȍȊȕȐȊȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȚ Ȕȕȍ ȐȔȍȚȤ
ȌȘțȋțȦ ȔȖȌȍȓȤ ȒȘȖȔȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȖșȖȉȣ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȍȑ ©ǪȈȒȝȈȕȒȐª ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ Ȑ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȓțȟȠțȦ ȟȍȔ
ȖȕȈ ǰ Țȣ ȍȍ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ
— DzȚȖ Ȏȍ ȟȍȘȚ ȗȖȉȍȘȐ ȥȚȈ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ"
— Ǻȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ" — țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ — ȅȚȖ ȎȐȊȈȧ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȐȕȈ ǸțȉȍȕșȈ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȍȊȐȞȍȑ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȕȖ ȍȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȕȈ șȞȍȕț
ȅȚȖ ȓțȟȠȐȑ ȗțȚȤ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȖȊ Ȉ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ Ȑ ȝȖȟȍȚ ǶȕȈ țȎȍ ȕȈȠȓȈ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ
ȉȖȋȈȚȖȋȖ ȔȍȞȍȕȈȚȈ Ȑ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȋȓțȗȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȐȚ Ȋ ȍȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȊȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȍȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȝțȌȖȎ-
ȕȐȒȈȔ ȏȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȐșȒțșșȚȊț ǻ ȔȍȞȍȕȈȚȈ ȘȍȊȕȐȊȈȧ ȎȍȕȈ Ȑ
Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ șȚȍȘȍȟȤ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚț ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ șȈ-
ȔȖȋȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ șȚȍȘȍȋțȚ ǴȖȎȍȠȤ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ș ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȖȑ șȔȍȍȔșȧ ȇ ȚȈȒ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ȖȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȘȈ-
șȚȕȖ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȅȚȖ ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȐȔȧ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȖ
țȎȍ ȊșȍȔȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȐȔ ȔȍȞȍȕȈȚȖȔ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ Țȍȉȍ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȎț ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Țȣ ȍȍ
țȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȖȕȈ șȖȏȊȈȓȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ Ȑȏ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ Ȋ ȔȖȦ
ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȗȐȘțȠȒț Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȍȋȖ
ȌȘțȋȈ Țȍȉȧ ȘȈȌțȠȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚ
ȇ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ
ȇ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ ȥȚț ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚț ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȍȍ ȕȍ-
ȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȕȈ ȐȔȍȓȈ ȕȈ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ
ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȈȥșȚȘȖ ȧ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ Țȍȉȍ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ Ȗ
ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ țȚȘȖȔ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ Ȗȕ
ȘȐșȖȊȈȓ ȊȈȒȝȈȕȒț Ȑ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ șȓțȎȐȓȈ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖ-

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ȌȍȓȤȦ ȕȖ Ȑ ȊȕțȠȐȓȈ ȍȔț ȊșȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȇ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ȥȚȖȑ
ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ǫȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏȧȡȍșȚȊȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȓșȧ ț ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ" ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȘȈȏț-
ȟȐȓșȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ Ȑ ȘȐșȖȊȈȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȘȈȏțȟȐȓșȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ
ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȟțȌȕȣȔ Ȑ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȣȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȐȔȕȖȔ ȌȈ ȖȕȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊț
ȕȈȋȖȚȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȊȈȒȝȈȕȒȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȖȠȓȖșȚȤȦ
ȅȚȖ ȔȧȋȒȖȍ ȘȣȝȓȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȉȍȏ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȐ ȉȍȏ ȋȘȈȞȐȐ
ȚțȟȕȖȍ Ȑ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȍ ȉȍȏ ȌțȠȐ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȌțȝȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȕțșȕȖ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ
ȌȍȘȏȖșȚȐ ȖȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ ȚȖ șȣȘȖȍ ȉȘȍȕȐȍ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȖ
ȉȐȉȓȍȑșȒȖȔț ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȦ ǩȖȋ șȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǰ ȥȚȈ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȚȖȑ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȖȑ
Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ
ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚț ȕȍ ȗȖȑȌț ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȓȖ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ
ǩȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȈșȖȊ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ț
ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȜȖȕȚȈȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍȑ; șȔȍȝ Ȑ Ȋȍ-
șȍȓȤȍ ȗȐȘțȦȡȐȝ șȓȈȉȖ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȊȕȐȏ ȌȖ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖȋȖ Ȗș-
ȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȍșȧȞȍȔ ȌȊȖȘȈ ȇ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȔȖȋ Ȗș-
ȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȊșȦ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȕțȦ Ȑȏ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȏȈȓț ȗȐȘȠȍșȚ-
ȊȈ ǷȖșȘȍȌȐ șȚȖȧȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ șȚȖȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȋȖȘȍ-
ȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȈȑȖȓȐȒȖȊȣȝ ȘȐȔșȒȐȝ ȓȈȔȗ ș ȚȘȍȔȧ șȊȍȚȐȓȤ-
ȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑȝ șȊȍȚ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȉȍȓțȦ șȒȈȚȍȘȚȤ Ȗȕ ȐȋȘȈȓ Ȋ șȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȦȡȐȝ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȈȝ Ȑ ȘȦȔȒȈȝ Ȗȕ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ȊȐȕȈ ȋȘț-
Ȍȣ ȗȓȖȌȖȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȉțȒȍȚȣ Ȋ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȈȏȈȝ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ
Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȟȍȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȚȍȕȐ ǵȈȌ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȌȣȔ ȖȚ ȟȈȌȈ ȓȈȔȗ Ȑ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȌȣȔȖȒ ȖȚ ȗȈ-
ȗȐȘȖș ǹ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ șȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȜȍșȚȖȕȣ ȗȍșȚȘȣȝ ȞȊȍ-
ȚȖȊ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȣ ȖȚ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ Ȓ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȍ Ȉ șțȝȐȍ
ȗȈȓȤȔȖȊȣȍ Ȑ ȈȒȈȕȚȖȊȣȍ ȓȐșȚȣ ȘȈȏȔȍȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ
ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȘȍȏȒȐȔȐ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȣȔȐ ȖȘȕȈȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ ǩȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȔȈș-
ȒȐ ȖșȒȓȈȉȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒȍ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȖ ȚțȚ ȚȖ ȚȈȔ,
ȥȚȦȌȣ Ȋ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕț ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȋȖȚȍ Ȑȏ ȚȤȔȣ Ȉ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȖȒȕȖ ȏȍ-
ȓȍȕȍȓȈ ȓțȕȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȊ șȊȖȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ
ȕȈȌ șȔȍșȤȦ ȋȘȍȉȕȍȑ ȒȘȣȠ ȉȈȠȍȕ Ȑ ȠȗȐȞȍȊ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȠțȔȕȖ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ ȊȖȏȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȐȔȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȔ

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ȚȘȖȕȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȒțșȒȖȔ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȋȖȉȍȓȍȕȈ ȖȌȍȚȈȧ Ȋ ȉȖȋȈ-
ȚțȦ Ȑ ȉȍȏȊȒțșȕțȦ ȖȌȍȎȌț ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚțȟȕȈȧ ȘȖȏȖȊȈȧ ȌȍȘȏ-
ȒȈȧ ȉȍȏ ȋȘȈȞȐȐ ȒȈȒ ȊȈȒȝȈȕȒȈ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǭȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȚȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈșȗțȡȍȕȣ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȍȕȣ ȊȍȕȒȖȔ Ȑȏ
ȗȓȦȡȈ ǶȕȈ ȗȐȓȈ ȊȐȕȖ Ȑȏ șȚȈȒȈȕȈ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ
Ȑ ȒțȘȐȓȈ ȕȍ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț Ȉ șȐȋȈȘȍȚț ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȋȘțșȚȕȈ ǫȖșȚȐ
ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȒȖȕȜȍȚȣ Ȑ ȔȐȕȌȈȓȤ Ȉ
ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ȐȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȊȍșȕȖȑ șȚȘȍȓȤȉȖȑ ȈȗȍȓȤ-
șȐȕȖȊ Ȉ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȝ ȖȉȘȣȏȋȐȊȈȓȈ ȊȐȕȖȔ
— ǷȘȐȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȅȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ
ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȍȚ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ȖȕȖ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ —
șȒȈȏȈȓ șȖ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ șȒțȓȤȗȚȖȘ Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ț ȌȊȍȘȐ Ǫșȍ ȖȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐ
ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ ȕȈ ȔȖȍ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧ-
ȓȐșȤ
— Ǩȝ Ȉȝ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȓȈ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ — ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖ țȌȈȟȕȖ ȧ
țȔȘț ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ
ȇ șȔȍȧȓșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ǶȕȐ ȗȖȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȓȐșȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ
Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȍ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ Ȏȍ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ țȊȐȌȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȔȈȓȖ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈȦșȤ ȍȦ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȈ
șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ
— ǸȈșșȒȈȎȐ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ
ȉȣȓ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ
— ǷȘȐȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ — ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ
ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ
— ǷțșȚȤ ȚȘȐȎȌȣ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍȚ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚț — ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȒȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȕȈȠț ȊȏȈȐȔȕțȦ ȈȕȚȐȗȈȚȐȦ
— ǶȋȖ — ȏȈȡȐȡȈȓȈșȤ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ ș ȐȘȖȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ,
Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ș țȋȘȖȏȖȑ ȈȗȍȓȤșȐȕ
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ — ȟȚȖ — ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ șȒțȓȤȗȚȖȘ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȚȤșȧ — ǵȈȔ
ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȈȉȘȖșȈȍȚ ȗȖȒȈ Ȕȣ
ȗȘȖȗȖȍȔ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȍșȍȕȒț ȖȉȘȈȏ ȚȖȑ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ
șȐȓȤȕȖ ȋȘȍȏȐȓ ȘȈȏ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ ȕȈș ǰ Ȕȣ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȌț-
ȔȈȍȔ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȖȍ ȔțȟȍȕȐȍ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈ

155
ǷȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ ǷȘȐȒȘȍȗȐȓȐ
ȚȘȐ ȓȐșȚȈ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȕȈ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȗȖȌȘȈȔȕȐȒ ȗȖȌȈȓȐ țȋȖȓȤ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȐ ȗȍȚȤ ȇ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȓșȧ ȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ țșȚț-
ȗȐȚȤ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȖ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȑ
ȋȘȈȊȦȘȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Țȍȉȍ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ȖȕȈ ȐȏȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȈ ș
ȉȈȘȍȓȤȍȜȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȣ Ȋ
ǫȍȉȍȓȤ ȥș-ǹȐȓȤșȐȓȍ Ȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȋȘțȗȗț ȗȖȓ-
ȕțȦ ȕȍȋȐ Ȑ ȋȘȈȞȐȐ ȉȖȋȐȕȧ ǫȈȚȖȘ ȒȖȘȔȐȚ ȋȘțȌȤȦ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ
ȞȈȘȧ ǫȖȘțșȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ, Ȑȏ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ ȇ ȗȘȐȌȈȓ ȉȖȋȐȕȍ
ȟȍȘȚȣ ȌȍȊȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ
ȊȐȌȍȓ țȚȘȖȔ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈȐȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȍȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȒȖȕȚțȘȣ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȊȐȟȤȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ Ǵȕȍ
ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȍșȕȧ ȊȌȘțȋ șȔȖȓȒ-
ȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȏȋȓȈ-
șȣ ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ șȈȔ ȕȈ șȊȖȑ ȘȐșțȕȖȒ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț
ȕȈȌ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȠțȔȍȓȖ țȌȈȘȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ǫȈ-
ȚȖȘ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓȖ ȘȐșțȕȖȒ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȈȗȍȓȤ-
șȐȕȖȔ ǶȕȈ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȘȔȧȡȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ — ȊȍȘȝ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐȓȐȟȐȧ
ǷȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȣȑ ȠțȔ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒ
— ȅȚȖ — țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȓȐ — ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ țȉȐȓȈ
ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒțȦ ȔȈȌȖȕȕț
— ǶȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
— ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȍ șȔȍȘȚȤ
— ǬȈ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȕțȚȈ șȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȒȈȏȕȐ —
ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ șȒțȓȤȗȚȖȘ — ǰ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ
ȗȈȓȈȟȖȔ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ ȏȈȚȒȕțȓȈ țȠȐ Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȕȖ
ȍȍ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐ ș ȚȘȖȕȈ Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȏȈȊȧȏȈȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǷȖȓȖȎȐȚȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȋȘȍȠȕȐȞȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ ȥȚț ȗȖȌț-
ȠȒț — ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ — ȧ șȈȔ ȗȘȖȟȚț ȊȈȠ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȈȔ ȌȈȌțȚ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȊȈȠȈ
ȖȚȓȍȚȐȚ
ǷȖșȘȍȌȐ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȟȐ ȗȖ ȌȈȕȕȖȔț ȏȕȈȒț ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȚțȠȐȚȤ ȓȈȔ-
ȗȣ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȚȘțșȐȝȈ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȠȍȗȕțȓȐ ȚȖ-
ȊȈȘȐȡȐ Ȋșȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ șȉȘȖșȐȚ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ
ȖȕȈ ȖȟțȚȐȚșȧ ȖȌȕȈ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ

156
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȐȠȍ — ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ Ǫșȍ șȔȖȓȒȓȐ Ȑ
ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȐȔȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȟȐ Ȋșȍ
ȚȐȝȖ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȋȖȘȍȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȈȔȗȈ Ȑ ȍȍ ȧ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ țȕȍșȚȐ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
ȋȓțȝȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ — ǭȡȍ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌțȍȚ ȒȈȏȕȤ —
ȗȖșȓȍ ȟȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ
ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ ȓȈȔȗț Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȌ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȦ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍȓȍȗȖȑ
ȒȖȔȍȌȐȐ ȇ șȚȖȧȓ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ Ȑ ȔȖȑ ȊȏȖȘ
șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ țȗȈȓ ȚțȌȈ ȇ ȚȈȒ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȘȖȕȐȓ
ȓȈȔȗț ǺȈȔ ȏȈȓȐȚȈȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ
ȚȍȕȤ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȌțȔȈȓ ǭȍ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ
șȚȘȖȑȕțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȖȒțȚȣȊȈȓȈ ȓȍȋȒȈȧ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȖȌȍȎȌȈ ȚȍȔȕȖ-
ȒȈȠȚȈȕȖȊȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȓȍȕȚȖȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȓȖȉ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȔȘȈ-
ȔȖȘ Ȉ șȍȘȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ Ǹț-
ȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȘȍșȚȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ șȓȖȎȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȚȖȕȒȐȝ
șȋȐȉȈȝ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚȣ ǶȕȈ ȊȖȏȕȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ
ȉȍȓȖȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ Ȑ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ
ȋȘțșȚȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȓ ȕȍȉț ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ǷȍȚȘȠȐȕȍ ȗȖȌ Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȚȈȒ ȓȍȋȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓșȧ
ȍȑ Ȋ ȓȦȉȊȐ ǯȌȍșȤ ȋȌȍ ȠțȔ ȖȘȋȐȐ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț șȔȖȓȒ șȘȍȌȐ
ȌȣȔȈ șȐȋȈȘȍȚ Ȑ ȟȈȌȈ ȓȈȔȗ ȖȕȈ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȒȈȒ
ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ȓțȕȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȧ — ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ — ȖȠȐȉȈȓșȧ DzȈȒ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ șȦ-
ȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȍȏ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȍȕȐȧ șȚȖȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒȍ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤȦ ȇ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȑȝ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȓ — ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȔ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ — șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȧ Ǫ Țț Ȏȍ ȔȐȕț-
Țț ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ țȗȈȓȈ Ȓ ȔȖȐȔ ȕȖȋȈȔ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǶȕȈ
șȉȘȖșȐȓȈ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ ș ȋȓȈȏ ȍȍ ȊȏȖȘ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȖȒȕȖ Ȑ ȖȕȈ țȊȐȌȈȓȈ
ȚȈȔ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȇ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȋȖȉȍȓȍȕ ȗȖ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȍȍ ȚȘȖȕ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ
țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȖȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȇ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȖȒȕȖ — ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ
— ǷȘȖȟȤ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȗȘȖȟȤ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ
— ǸȈȌȐ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǩȖȋȈ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǩȍȕȍ-
ȌȐȒȚ țȊȐȌȈȊ ȍȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȖșȚȤ

157
— ǷțșȚȤ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȈȚȊȖȘȐȚ ȖȒȕȖ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȈșȕȖ —
ȘȣȌȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ Ȍțȝ ǺȈȔ ȚȈȔ șȚȖȧȓ Ȗȕ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ șȔȍȘȚȤ ș ȖȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ǵȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ șȔȍȝț ȇ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȖȒȕț Ȑ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȕțȓ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȚȐȝțȦ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȈ Ȗ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȈ Ǩ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ
ȜȘȖȕȚȖȕȖȔ șȖșȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ
ȕȈ ȉȍȓțȦ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕțȦ ȚȍȕȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȒȖȘȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȇ ȏȈȒ-
Șȣȓ ȖȒȕȖ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ șȚȖȓț ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ ȗȓȈȒȈ-
ȓȈ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ
— ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ — ȕȈșȚȈȐ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȇ ȝȖȟț ȗȘȖȟȤ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȇ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȉȣ șȖ șȚȘȈȝȈ
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ șȊȖȐ ȟțȌȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ șȗȘȧȚȈȓȈ Ȑȝ ȗȖȌ ȧȘ-
ȒȖ-ȘȖȏȖȊțȦ ȠȓȧȗȒț Ȑ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȍȍ țȊȍȓ ȇ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ș ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȍȡȍ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ șȒȈȎȍȠȤ Ȗ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȇ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ
— ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ȖȕȈ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȐ ȓțȕ-
ȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȠțȚȐȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȏȈȠȍȓ Ȗ ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȑ ȧ țȠȍȓ ȅȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ
șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȚȈȔ ȏȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȊȐȌȍ-
ȓȈ Ȑ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ
ȇ șȗțșȒȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȘȈȏȔȣȠ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ ǹȔȍȝ ȗȐȘțȦȡȐȝ ȌȖȓȍȚȈȓ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȈ ȏȈȓȐȚȖȋȖ
ȓțȕȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ — ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȒȖȓȖ
ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȜȖȕȚȈȕȈ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȑ șȞȍ-
ȕȍ Ȑȏ ©dzțȒȘȍȞȐȐ ǩȖȘȌȎȐȈª ǪȐȒȚȖȘȈ ǫȦȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ Ȉ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Țț ȋȌȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ 'H Profundis*
ȔȖȕȈȝȖȊ șȔȍȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ș ȊȍșȍȓȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȗȐȘțȦȡȐȝ ȒȈȊȈȓȍ-
ȘȖȊ DzȈȒȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ǭȓȧ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȖȔ Ȋ ǹȒȈȕ-
ȌȐȕȈȊȐȦ ȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȐșȒȈȓ ȌȘțȋțȦ
Ǫ ǷȘȈȋȍ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȈȧ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ
Ȍȓȧ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȗȖȐșȒȖȊ ȝȖȚȧ ȗȍȘȍȍȏȎȈȚȤ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ șȒȈȏȈ-
* ©ɂɡ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵª ɥɚɬ
 ɉɨɤɚɹɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɥɢɬɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɉɫ 

158
ȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍ-ȚȘȐ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȖȒȈ ȘȐșȖȊȈȚȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ ȟȚȖ
Ȕȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȔȍȠȈȚȤ ȧ ș ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ Ǵȣ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȐ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȧ
ȖȚȣșȒȈȓ șȍȉȍ țȋȖȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȕȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ
Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț
— Ǩ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ Ȓ ȒȕȧȏȦ ǴȈȕȜȘȍȌȐ — ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ ȧ
ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ — Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȈȉȖ-
Țȣ
— DzȈȒȖȑ ȥȚȖ ȒȕȧȏȤ"
— Ǻȣ țȎȍ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȅȚȖ ȉțȌțȡȐȑ ȚȍșȚȤ ȋȘȈȜȈ-ȌȐȓȍȚȈȕȚȈ ș
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȧ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǹȒȈȕȌȐȕȈȊȐȐ
— Ǩȝ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ ǵȈȔ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ
ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ șȊȖȑ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȤ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ
DzȕȧȏȤ ǴȈȕȜȘȍȌȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȕȈș ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌțȠȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚ ȋȘȈȜȈ ȟȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȝȖ-
Țȍȓ șȈȔ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȑ ȥȚȐȔ
ȐȏȉȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ Ƕȕ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȕȖȋȐ Ƕȕ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ș ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȍȔț ȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȞȊȍȚȈȝ DzȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȕȈș ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȏȐȔȕȐȔ
șȈȌȖȔ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣ Ȑ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ
Țȍȗȓȣȑ ȈȘȖȔȈȚ ǵȖȟȐ ȉȣȓȐ țȎȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȣ Ȑ ȗȈȓȤ-
Ȕȣ ȒȈȔȍȓȐȐ Ȑ șȈȔȣȍ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȐȔȍȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ țȎȍ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ DzȕȧȏȤ ȗȖ-
Ȋȍȓ ȕȈș Ȋ ȥȚț ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȘȖȡț Ȉ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚȍȒ-
ȓȧȕȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔ ȜȖȕȖȔ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȜȘȖȕȚȖȕȣ
ȋȘȈȌȟȈȕșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȔȈȓȖșȚȘȈȕșȒȐȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȇ țȏȕȈȓ ȊȌȈȓȐ șȘȍȌȐ
ȥȚȐȝ ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȒȘȖȊȍȓȤ Ȑ ȟȍȘȌȈȒ-ȉȈȘȖȒȒȖ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȔȈș-
ȚȍȘșȒȖȑ
— ǷȖȏȖȊȐ ȒȕȧȎȕț ǺȍȘȍȏț — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȕȧȏȤ șȚȈȘȖȔț șȓț-
ȋȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ Ȋ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȍ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȔ Ȗȉ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȧȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȔȐȔȖȏ ȉȍȋȖȕȐȑ Ȑ ȗȈ-
ȗȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǷȖșȘȍȌȐ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȟȐ ȧ țșȓȣȝȈȓ șȏȈȌȐ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȠțȘ-
ȠȈȕȐȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ DzȕȧȏȤ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ
— ǴȖȧ ȌȖȟȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈȔ ȒȕȧȎȕț
ǵȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȧ" ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȉȓȍȌ-

159
ȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȋ șȊȍȚȓȖȑ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ ȗȣȠȕȣȍ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȒȈȠ-
ȚȈȕȖȊȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȓȍȕȚȖȑ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȏȒȐȔ
ȓȉȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ Ȉ șȍȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ Ȑ
țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȈș Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȘȖșȠȐȝ-
șȧ ȉȘȖȊȍȑ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȈ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚț șȊȖȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ
ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȖ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚț ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȖȠȐȉȐȚȤșȧ
ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȌȊȈ ȠȈȋȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ǵȣ ȖȉȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȔȣ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȖ șȕȍ Ȑ ȋȖ-
ȓȖș Ȓȕȧȏȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ
ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȍȍ ȎȍȕȐȝ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȀȊȍȞȐȐ
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ Ȑȏ ȕȍȌȘ ȏȍȔȓȐ
Ǫșȍ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȖ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ.
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȕȧȏȤ țȗȖȔȧȕțȓ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ
ȎȍȓȈȕȐȦ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȕȖȔț ȎȍȕȐȝȖȔ ȕȈȟȕȍȚ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȗȖȘȚ-
ȘȍȚ Ȑ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒ-
ȚȖȔ Ȗ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ Ȑ Ȗ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȧȝ
DzȕȧȎȕȈ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ ǴȈȕȜȘȍȌȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖ-
ȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȖȕȈ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓȈ șȊȖȐ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȍ ȗȖȓțȌȍȚșȒȐȍ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ ȕȈ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȘțȒț ȋȌȍ ȕȈ șȋȐȉȍ șȊȍȘȒȈȓ
ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ șȈȔȣȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ
ȗȘȐ ȓțȕȍ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȊȍȚȒț ȗȈȓȤȔȣ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȚȧȕțȓȈ ȍȍ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǪȍȚȒȈ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȒȕȧȎ-
ȕȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ ǪȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȓȍ-
ȎȈȓ ȖȚȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ǶȕȈ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȗȖȓ-
ȖȉȖȘȖȚȈ Ȓ ȖȚȞț Ȑ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ ȕȈ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚț ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ
— Ǻȣ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ ȎȍȕȐȝȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
ȖȕȈ ȖȚȞț ș ȓȍȌȧȕȣȔ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍȔ — ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ
ȎȍȕȐȝȈ
DzȕȧȏȤ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ
— ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ — ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȗȕ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ
DzȕȧȎȕȈ ȗȖȎȈȓȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒ-
Țț ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȊȍȚȒț ȗȈȓȤȔȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȈȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȈ ȕȈȌ
ȍȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȈȓȤ-
ȞȍȔ
— ǯȌȍșȤ șȚȖȐȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȧ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ —

160
ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȖ șȕȍ — ǴȖȧ
ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȍȑ ǹȊȧȚȈȧ ǹȊȧȚȣȝ ȧ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȥȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȕțȓ ȔȖȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȓ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ș ȗȖȏȖȘȖȔ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍ-
ȎȈȚȤ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ țȚȘȖȔ ȧ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘț ȟȚȖ ȐȌț Ȋ ȔȖ-
ȕȈșȚȣȘȤ
DzȕȧȏȤ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȉȍȓȍȍ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȠȈȚȣȊȈȧșȤ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ DzȕȧȎȕȈ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ș ȔȐȕțȚț ș ȖȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȖȕȈ șȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȘțȒȐ ȒȘȍșȚȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȒȈȒ Ȋ
ȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ
ȉȣȓȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȓȤȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖșȚȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȖ ȚȘȖȕțȓȖ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǩȍȕȍ-
ȌȐȒȚ țȗȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ©ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍª — ȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǶȕȈ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȠȓȈ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȗȕ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȓȍȋȒțȦ
șȊȍȚȓțȦ ȖȌȍȎȌț ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ Ȓȕȧ-
ȏȧ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȐȚ —
Ȗȕ ȗȐȓ ȋȓȖȚȒȈȔȐ ȊȖȌț Ȑȏ șȚȈȒȈȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȍȔț ȗȖȌȈȓ Ȑ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȚțȚ șȚȖȧȓ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȐȓȐ Ȋȣ ȔȖȑ ȗțȚȤ" — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȒȕȧȎȕȈ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ — ǩȍȏ ȊȈș ȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȎȐȓȈ ȉȣ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȉȣ țȔȍȘȓȈ ǵȍȚ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ȉȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȖ ǬȈ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȕȍșȓȐ Țȧ-
Ȏȍȓȣȑ țȌȈȘ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȋȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍ-
ȊȈȍȚȍ ȕȖ ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈș ȏȈ ȍȌȐȕȖȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ-
șȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȈ ǯȕȈȍȚȍ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ
ǷȍȚȘȠȐȕȍ" ȇ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȎȐȓȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȚȈȘȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȧ ȌțȔȈ-
ȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȍșȚȤ ȊȣȠȐȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȟȚȍȕȐȍ șȚȐȝȖȊ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȗȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȌțȠȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȍ
ȚȖȟȕȖ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȔȖȐ ȊȏȖȘȣ țȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȖȚ ȒȕȐ-
ȋȐ Ȑ ȊȣȠȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȏȈ ȘȍȠȍȚȒț ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ Ȋ șȈȌȖȊȖȑ ȉȍ-
șȍȌȒȍ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ șȐȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȇ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȥȚț țȏȒțȦ ȚȐȝțȦ
țȓȖȟȒț ȗȖȌ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȚȈȔ ȕȍȚ ȌȖȔȖȊ Ȉ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȏȒȖȑ șȚȍȕȖȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȋȖ șȈȌȈ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ Ȋ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕțȦ
ȌȈȓȤ ǬȈȓȤ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȤ DzȈȒ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȕȣ ȥȚȐ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧȚ Ȋ ȌȘȍȔȓȦȡȍȑ ȌțȠȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ
ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȍȕȐȍ ǩȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȤ ȌȈȓȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
ș ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȍȕȐȍ
ǶȕȈ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț țȔȖȓȒȓȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȚȈȒ

161
— ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȧ ȌțȠȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȔȐȘȈ ȋȘȍȏ Ȑ
ȔȖȑ ȊȏȖȘ șȗțșȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ș ȖȉȓȈȒȖȊ șȕȖȊȈ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȕȐȋț Ȑ ȕȈ
ȚȘȈȊț țȏȒȖȑ țȓȐȞȣ ȧ țȊȐȌȈȓȈ ȊȈș ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȒȕȖȔ ǬȍȕȤ ȉȣȓ
șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȑ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȍȗȓȖȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȒȘțȎȐȓȖșȤ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȍ
ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȔȖȚȣȓȤȒȖȊ Ǫȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ
Ǵȕȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ǩȍȏțȔȕȈȧ Ǫȣ Ȕȍȕȧ, șȒȖȘȍȍ
ȊșȍȋȖ, ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȐ Ȑ ș țȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȝț-
ȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȓȐșȤ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ șȒțȓȤȗȚțȘȖȑ ȉȍșȍȌȒȐ ȇ
ȉȣȓȈ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ Ǵȍȕȧ ȘȈȕȖ ȖȉȘțȟȐȓȐ Ȑ ȧ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ
ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ șȊȖȐ ȒȕȐȋȐ Ȑ ȊȣȠȐȊȈȕȐȍ ǵȖ ș ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȧ Ȍț-
ȔȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗ ȊȈș ǷȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓȈ ȊȈș ȕȈȧȊț Ȉ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓȈ Ȗ ȊȈș ȒȈȒ Ȗ ȞȊȍȚȒȍ ȐȓȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȍ ǺțȚ
șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȍȞ ȗȖȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȕȈ ǷȍȚȘ-
ȠȐȕ Ǵȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȚȈȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒȖșȚȍȓȐȒ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ Ȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȏȈ ȒȓȦȟȖȔ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ
ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȌțȔȈȓȈ Ȗ ȊȈș Ȑ — ȊȌȘțȋ — Ȋȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ Ǫȣ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȔȈȧ șȚȘȈșȚȤ
ȊȣȘȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȔȖȍȑ ȌțȠȐ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍȘȎȍȕȐȍ ȊțȓȒȈȕȈ DzȈȒȐȍ
ȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȈȓȈ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȍ șȓȍȏȣ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȒȖș-
Țȍȓȍ ȇ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȐȟȒȖȔ Ƕ ȒȈȒ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ
DzȕȧȎȕȈ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȉȍȐ-
ȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȒȖȕȊțȓȤșȐȊȕȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȖ Ǩ ǩȍȕȍ-
ȌȐȒȚ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
— ǷȖȡȈȌȐ ȗȖȡȈȌȐ Ƕ ȧ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖ ȓȦȉȓȦ ǪȍȌȤ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȊȈȠȈ ȌțȠȈ ȒȈȒ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȧ
Ȗșȓȍȗȓȍȕ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȔ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȖȔ Ƕ ȔȖȧ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ șȓȍȗȖ-
ȚȈ DzȕȧȏȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȊșȝȓȐȗȣȊȈȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȋȏȉȍ-
Ƞȍȕȕȣȑ.
— Ǫȣ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȚȍșȤ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȖ ȒȕȧȎȕȈ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ
ȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȘțȒȐ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȖȚ-
ȕȧȓȈ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȘțȒȐ ȧ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ șțȝȐ
ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȇ ȚȈȒ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȋȖȘȦ ȟȚȖ
ȚȍȘȧȓ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȉȖȧȓșȧ țȗȈșȚȤ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȈ țșȚȈ
Ȑ Ȑȏ ȍȍ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȝ ȋțȉ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȑ Ȑ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȚȐȝȐȑ șȓȈȉȣȑ șȔȍȝ

162
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȦȉȐȚȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ș ȋȖȘȌȖȑ
țșȔȍȠȒȖȑ — ǵȍȚ ȊȈȠȍȔț șȈȔȖȓȦȉȐȦ ȓȤșȚȐȚ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȏȊțȒ
ȔȖȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖ ȊȈȠȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ DzȈȒȖȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ — ȉȣȚȤ
ȓȦȉȐȔȣȔ ȒȕȧȎȕȖȑ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖ — ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ ț șȊȖȐȝ
ȕȖȋ ȊȣȔȈȓȐȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȘȈȌȐ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȖȉȖ
ȊșȍȔ ȌȈȎȍ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȎȍȕșȒȖȔ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȍ ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȖȠȐȉȈȍ-
ȚȍșȤ ȧ ȊȈș ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȧ ȊȈș ȕȍȕȈȊȐȎț Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȈȔ
șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȏ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȓ șȈȔȖȑ șȍȉȍ Ǫȣ ȉȣ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓȐ ȒȍȔ Ȑ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȓȦȉȐȔȣ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȚȤ ș ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȐ-
ȏȖȕȚȈ ǹțȌȤȉȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȈ ȊȈș șȦȌȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȐȕȈ-
ȟȍ ȇ ȏȈȉȓțȎȌȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖ ȕȍ șȖȎȈȓȍȦ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȏȈȉȓțȎȌȍȕȐȐ
ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȧ ȊȐȕȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ǷȍȚȘȠȐȕȍ Ȋȣ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȖȓȋȈȓȐ ȕȖ ȧ
ȊȈș ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȦ Ȋȣ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȐ șȍȉȍ ȥȚț ȠțȚȒț ȍșȓȐ
ȉȣ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȒȕȧȎȕȈ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȍ ȏȈșȓț-
ȎȍȕȕȖ — ȧ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȧȚȤșȧ ȒțȔȐȘȈȔ
ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȑȏ ȏȐȔȕȍȋȖ
șȈȌȈ ǯȈȚȖ ț Ȓȕȧȏȧ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȈȘ șȓȖȊȈ ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ș
ȥȚȖȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ șȞȍȕȖȑ ȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓ Ȓȕȧȏȧ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȗȐȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȈȘȖȔț șȓțȋȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȐȊȐȊ-
ȠȍȔțșȧ ȔȖȍȔț ȏȊȖȕȒț ȗȖȚȖȔ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȗȖȘȚ-
ȜȍȓȤ Ȑ ȊȏȧȊ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȋȖ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ, ȊȣȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȉȍȏ
ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗțȚȐ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȘȖȕȐȓȐ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ Ȉ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘ-
șȒȖȑ șȍȓȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȏȈ șȊȖȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȕȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈș ȕȍ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȏȒȈ ǪȌȘțȋ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȗȈȓȐȚȘț Ȑ Ȋ
ȖȌȕț ȔȐȕțȚț ©ǪȈȒȝȈȕȒȈª ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈ ȊșȍȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ ȘȈ-
ȌțȋȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȐȋ țȕȐȟȚȖ-
ȎȍȕȈ
— ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ — ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ — ǶȕȈ
șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȓȐȞȈ Ȑȏ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȍșșȚȣȎȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȍ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ șȓȍȗ
ȥȚȖ ȍȍ ȋȕțșȕȖȍ ȔȧșȖ ȗȖȋȈșȐȓȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȐșȒȘț ȐșȒțș-
șȚȊȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȘȈȏțȔȈ
Ƕȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ Ȉ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓ
ȉȣșȚȘȣȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ

163
— Ǩ ȒȕȧȎȕț ǺȍȘȍȏț ȧ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȎț — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ —
ȇ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌț ȍȍ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȖȕ ȍȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȗș-
ȒȖȘȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ Ȑ ȉȖȎȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȅȚȖ Ȋșȍ
ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ țȚȖȔȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȓȍȟȤ ȌȖȊȍȓ ȌȖ ȌȖ-
ȔȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȓșȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȖȊȍȚȈ ȇ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȈȓ ȗȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
ȊȗȈȓ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕțȦ ȌȘȍȔȖȚț ǷȖȚȖȔ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȉȘȖ-
ȌȐȓ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȈȔ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȧ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ țȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȑ-
ȚȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘ ȧ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ șȍȉȧ țȊȍșȚȐ ǵȖ ȧ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȐȋȘȈȦȚ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȐ ȧ țȠȍȓ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȓȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȗțșȚȈ ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȍ ȉȘȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȣȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȕȍ
șȖȏȕȈȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ǪȌȘțȋ ȧ țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ șȔȍȝ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ: ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚț ș ǩȍȕȍ-
ȌȐȒȚȖȔ
— Ǻȣ ȊșȚȈȓ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ
— DzȈȒ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ Ȗȕ ȏȈȗȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ
Ȑ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȠȈȚȣȊȈȍȚșȧ — Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ țȌȈȍȚșȧ ȉȣȚȤ
ȌȖȓȋȖ șȍȕȚȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȏȈȚȖ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖȏȕȈȋȘȈȌȐȚȤ
șȍȉȧ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ
ǶȕȐ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȌȘțȎȕȣȑ șȔȍȝ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȏȈ
ȔȕȖȑ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ
Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȓȍȌȍȕ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȣ Ƕȕ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȕȈ ȗȍȘșȐȌ-
șȒȐȑ ȒȖȊȍȘ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț Ǵȣ
ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ƕȕ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȘȐșțȦ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓ
Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȎȈȓȤ ȇ ȘȈȏȌțȔȣȊȈȓ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȉȣ ȏȈȊȍșȚȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȖȊȖȘ ǸȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȗȕ șȈȔ
ȕȈȟȈȓ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ
ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ
— ǿȚȖ — ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȒȐșȚȤ
— ǵț ȗȖȌȈȊȐȚȤ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȋȖȘȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȏȖ-
ȉȘȈȏȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ǹȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȟȚȖ ȊȣȚȊȖȘȧȓ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ ȕȐ-
ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖ
— DzȈȒȖȍ"

164
— ǿȚȖ ȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȑ țȎȍ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȘȈșȗȘȖ-
ȡȈȓșȧ ș ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȖȑ Ȑ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔȐ ȍȍ ȒȘțȋȈ
ȇ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǷȖ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞț ȗȘȖȓȍ-
Țȍȓ șȓȈȉȣȑ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ șȚȣȌȈ Ȗȕ țȗȖȘȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȈȟȈȚȣȑ
ȔȕȖȦ ȗȍȑȏȈȎ Ȑ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȓ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ
— ȇ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓ ȕȍȐȔȖȊȍȘȕțȦ ȋȘțȉȖșȚȤ — ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȚȐȝȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ — ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȟȍȘȈȠ-
ȕȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȍȓȈ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȣȌ
ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȍȍ ȕȍȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȕȖ ȐȏȉȐȓ
— ǷȖȏȖȘ — ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ țșȚ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȍȘ-
ȌȐȓșȧ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
ǹ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓșȧ ǵȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȈȓȈ
șȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȧ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȍȕ-
ȕțȦ șȍȘȌȍȟȕțȦ ȗțșȚȖȚț Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȑ ȔȈȓȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǷȐ-
șȈȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȗȖșȓȈȕȐȧ ȒȕȧȎȕȍ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȘȊȈȓ Ȑȝ ȖȚșȣȓȈȓ
ȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ȗȕ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓ
Ȑȝ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȟȍȘȒ țȏȕȈȓȐ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȘȈșȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ƕȕ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ
șȚȖȧȓ Ȋ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȈȌȖȊȖȑ ȉȍșȍȌ-
ȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȚȐȝȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ȗȖȘȖșȠȍȑ ȚȘȈȊȖȑ ȕȖ ȒȕȧȎȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȐ ț ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȇ șȒȖȘȖ
ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ
ȉȓȍȌȍȕ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȍ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȉȍșȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȣȔ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȓȐȞȈ ȗȖȌȍȘȋȐȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȗȖ șȈȔȖȔț ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-
Ȕț ȗȖȊȖȌț Ȉ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȉȣȓ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȔȕȖȋȐȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ȖȌțȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȍȍ ȕȍȎȍȓȐ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȍȋȖ
ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȕȖșȐȓȈ ȉȣ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȖȚȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȗȖȌȕȧȚȖȋȖ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȐ-
Ȍȍȓ șȖ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȚȖ ȘȈȏ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ ©ȇ
ȓȦȉȓȦ ȍȍ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȍȦª Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍ-
ȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȋșȓțȝ Ǵȕȍ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ țșȚȈ ȚȈȒ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦȚ ȥȚț ȜȘȈ-
ȏț ǭȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȒȕȧȎȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȈșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȚ-
ȊȧȏȟȐȊȖȑ ȔȣșȓȤȦ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓȈ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ șȊȖȍȕȘȈȊ-
ȕȖȋȖ țȗȘȧȔșȚȊȈ

165
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȖȓȍȚ ȘȈș-
ȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȎȖȔ Ȑ ȧ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȍȚț ȗȖȒȖȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ
ȉțȌț ȌȖ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȓȖȉȣȏȈȚȤ șȍȘȣȍ ȖȟȐ ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȍȍ
Ȋșȍȑ ȌțȠȖȑ ȕȖ Ȑ șȖ ȊșȍȔ ȎȈȘȖȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȦ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ Ȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȚȈȒțȦ șȚȘȈșȚȤ,
ȟȚȖ țȔȘț ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȦ ȍȍ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȗȖȚȖȔ ȧ Ȑ
ȍȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Țț ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕț
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȖșȔȍȓȐȓșȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ©ȐȏȖȉȤȦª
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȍȟȐ Ȗȕ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȊȍșȤ ȌȘȖȎȈ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ
șȎȐȔȈȧ ȒțȓȈȒȐ Ǵȣ ȗȖșȗȖȘȐȓȐ Ȑ ȧ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȍȘȍȍȝȈȓ
Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȇ ȞȍȓțȦ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ
țșȐȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȓ țȗȘȍ-
ȒȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȊșȗȣȓȤȟȐȊȖșȚȤ Ȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚț ǰȔȍȓ ȓȐ ȧ ȗȘȈȊȖ
ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȊȣȘȊȈȊȠȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț
ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧ" ǿȍȔ ȉȣȓȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȥȚȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ" ȇ ȍȍ ȎȈȓȍȓ ȕȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȐȟȍȔ ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐȟ-
ȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȝȖȓȖȌ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ȑ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ǵȖȋȐ ȌȖȕȍșȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ ǩȍȕȍ-
ȌȐȒȚȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȕȍȎȍȓȐ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȊȍȡț ȍȋȖ ȇ ȕȈȠȍȓ
ȍȋȖ ț ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ ©ȕȈȌ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤȦª ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȍȋȖ
ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ǷȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞț ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ
țȓȣȉȒȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒț
— DzțȌȈ Țȣ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȐȠȤ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
Ƕȕ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠț ș ȉȈȠȕȍȑ.
— ǭșȓȐ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉȈȦșȤ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ ȉȈȘȕȈȉȐȚȖȒ"
Ƕȕ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȋȈȏȍȚț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ
Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȇ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȚȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȕȧȎȕȈ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ ǴȈȕȜȘȍȌȐ șȓȍȌțȧ
șȊȖȍȔț ȗȘȐȏȊȈȕȐȦ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȐȞȍȑ Ȓ ȉȈȘȕȈȉȐȚȒȈȔ.
ǽȖȚȧ ȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȕȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȗȖȘȈ-
ȏȐȓȖ ȒȈȒ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǺȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȧ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȍȋȖ țȚȍ-
ȠȐȚȤ ǵȖ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ șȚȘȖȐȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ șȈȔȣȍ ȕȍșȉȣ-
ȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȗȓȈȕȣ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț țȌȈșȚ-
șȧ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ Ȑ țȕȍșȚȐ ǺȍȘȍȏț Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍ-
ȓȖșȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ șȗȖȘȐȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȧ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȓ ȍȔț ǩȍȕȍ-
ȏȌȐȒȚ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȈșȚȍȘ-

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șȒȖȑ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȕȐȠȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ șȚȐȓȍ
ǸȍȕȍșșȈȕș Ȗȕ ȍȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȒțȗȐȓ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ Ȑ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ șȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖȔ ȓȖȎȍ ǭșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȈȓ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș Ȑȏ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ ȚȒȈȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȐșȍȓȈ ȗȖ ȒȈȘȕȐȏț
șȘȍȌȐ Șȍȏȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȖȕȕ ȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ș ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȔȖȕȈ-
șȚȣȘȤ Ȑ ȔȖȋ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ
ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ Ȗ ǺȍȘȍȏȍ Ȑ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȍȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȕ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȣȝ ȒȍȓȐȑ
ȇ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ țȎȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȔȖȕȖȔȈȕȐȍȑ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ș
ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȘȈȏțȔȕȣȔ ȊȘȈȟȖȔ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋț ȗȘȍȎȕȐȑ
ȎȍȕȐȝ ȒȕȧȎȕȣ ǺȍȘȍȏȣ Ȑ ȏȈȠȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȍȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ
ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ; Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȔȍȚȐȓ ț
șȊȖȍȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ șȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȓ ȔȐșȚȐȞȐȏȔț Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ
ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȐȓ ȍȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ ȇ șȒȖȘȖ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
ȐȔȍȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȌȘȈȔȍ Ƕȕ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȗ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȍ Ȑ ȕȈȔȍȘȍ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȚȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȇ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ
ȥȚȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ țȒȓȖȕȟȐȊȖ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȘȈȜ ȔȍȎȌț
ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȐȔȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȔȖȟȤ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȟȤȍȑ ȒȐșȚȐ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȒȖșȚȍȓȍ ȧ
ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ — Ȑ ȌȍȓȈȧ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȈȧ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȤ ȚȖȘȖ-
ȗȐȓ ș ȖȚȢȍȏȌȖȔ Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ȔȈȕȐȧ ȋȘȈȜȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤ
Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȔȈȏȕȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ǷȈȖȓȖ Ǫȍ-
ȘȖȕȍȏȍ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȦ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȒȐșȚȐ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȋȖ ȔȈș-
ȚȍȘȈ Ȑ ȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȋȘȈȜȈ Ȕȣ țȍȝȈȓȐ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȔ
ȗȖȍȏȌȖȔ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȧ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋț DzȖȘȖȚ-
ȒȖȍ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȚȊȖȘȕȖȍ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȎȐȊȐȓ ȉȖȌȘȣȑ ȖșȍȕȕȐȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ
ȔȣșȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔțȟȐȓȐ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ
ȒȈȒ ȚțȔȈȕ ȗȍȘȍȌ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȖȏȈȘȧȦȡȍȋȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ
ȊșȗȈȝȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȧ Ȑ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȍșȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ

167
șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȍȘȊȈȝ ȟȍȔ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȈȘȖȔȈȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ
Ȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȈȧ ȗȖȥȏȐȧ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȚȈȒ ȌțȠȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȥȏȐȧ ȖșȍȕȐ
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ ȧ ȊȢȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ
ȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ș ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȒȕȧȎȕȖȑ
ǺȍȘȍȏȖȑ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȎȈșȕȖȍ
ȇ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ ȕȈ ǫȘȈȌȟȐȕ ȇ ȕȈȠȍȓ ǩȍȕȍ-
ȌȐȒȚȈ ș ȗȈȓȐȚȘȖȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ
țȌȐȊȓȍȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȔȖȓȤȉȍȘȚț Ȑ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȍ șȔȍ-
ȕȐȓȖșȤ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȇ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȐȕț țȎȍ Ȋ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȚȈȝ ȕȈȉȘȖșȈȕȕțȦ Ȑ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ ȋȖȚȖȊțȦ.
DzȈȘȚȐȕȈ Ȋ ȘȍȔȉȘȈȕȌȚȖȊșȒȐȝ ȗȖȓțȚȖȕȈȝ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȓȈ ȒȍȓȤȦ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȍ-ȋȌȍ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȊȣȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ Ȋ Ȍțȝȍ Ǹȍ-
ȕȍșșȈȕșȈ ȏȈȓȐȚȈȧ ȗȖȚȖȒȈȔȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȓțȕȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȊȓȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȍȓȤȦ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȖȒȕȖ ǯȈ
ȖȒȕȖȔ șȐȕȍȓȈ Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȍȓȈ șȊȍȚȓȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȝ
ȗȖȓțȚȍȕȍȑ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȋȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȒȘȣȠ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȔȈȊȘȐȚȈȕșȒȐȝ ȉȈȠȍȕ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ ȗȍȘ-
șȗȍȒȚȐȊȍ ȟȈȘțȦȡȐȑ ȜȖȕ ǷȖȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȖȒȕț Ȋ ȗȖȚȖȒȍ ȓțȕȕȖ-
ȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ȊȖȏȕȖșȐȓȈșȤ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȧ ǭȍ ȓȐȞȖ
țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȦ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȋȖ ȔȐșȚȐȞȐȏȔȈ ȟȍȘ-
ȚȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȖȔ ȒȕȧȎȕȣ ǺȍȘȍȏȣ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ
ȏȈȟȈȚȒȈȝ ȚȈ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎșȒȖȔ șȈȓȖȕȍ
ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ ©ȅȒșȚȈȏ șȊ ǺȍȘȍȏȣª șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȚȊȖȐȔ șȖȖȉ-
ȡȍȕȐȧȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȈȥșȚȘȖ ȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȔ țș-
ȗȍȝȖȔ. ȇ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ Ȗȉȕȧȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ: Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȐșȈȓ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȍȡȐ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȦ șȊȧȚȖȑ ǺȍȘȍȏȖȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȧ ȒȕȧȎȕț ǴȈȕ-
ȜȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ șȖ-
șȚȖȧȕȐȐ ț ȔȖȐȝ ȕȖȋ ȟȚȖ ȍȑ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȍțȝ ǪȐȌȍȓ ȓȐ Ȑ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ
ȥȚȖ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ"
— DzȈȒȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ Ȋ ȚȊȖȍȔ ȐȌȍȈȓȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȍȔț — ǺȖȟ-
ȕȖ Țȣ Ȑ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȥȚȖ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌțȝȖȊ-
ȕȣȔ ȕȖ Ȑ ȚȍȓȍșȕȣȔ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ
ǷȘȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȧ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ. ǪȣȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ
— Ǻȍȉȍ ȧ ȔȖȋț Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕț-
Țț Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȓȕȖ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖșȚȐ — Ǻȣ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ
ȕȍ ȊȣșȔȍȍȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǻȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȔȕȐȠȤ ȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ț

168
ǷȓȐȕȐȧ ȋȌȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ǫȍȘȔȖȚȐȔȍ Ȑȏ
DzȓȈȏȖȔȍȕ" ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗȕ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȈ ȗȖȒȐ-
ȌȈȓȈ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ ȉȘȖȌȐȓȈ ȗȖ șȊȍȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȑ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȘȈșșțȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ț ǨȗȖȓ-
ȓȖȕȐȧ Ȑȏ ǺȐȈȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈ Ȏȍ șȐȓȈ ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȧ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ șȒȈȏȒȖȑ ȊȍȌȤ Ȕȣ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ
ȓȦȌȐ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȔ șȈȔȖȔȕȍȕȐȐ șȟȐȚȈȍȔ ȗȖȓȖȊȐ-
ȕț ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȗțșȚȣȔȐ ȊȘȈȓȧȔȐ ǵț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȊȐ-
Ȏț ȟȚȖ Ȑ ǷȓȐȕȐȑ Ȑ ǼȐȓȖșȚȘȈȚ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȈȊȣ ǻ ȒȕȧȎȕȣ Ǻȍ-
Șȍȏȣ ȚȖȎȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ — ȍȍ ȌțȠȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖșȍȚȐȓȈ
ȇ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ǩȍȕȍ-
ȌȐȒȚ ȉȘȍȌȐȚ Ȋ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȍ ȕȖ Ȗȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
— Ǫ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȈȒ Țȣ țȍȝȈȓ ș ȋȘȈȜȖȔ ȧ șȐȌȍȓ ȊȖȕ
ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș ȉȣȓ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȚ ȖȒȕȖ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȍȕȖ ȇ
ȗȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ ȕȍ șȗȈȓ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ǺȍȘȍȏȍ — ȧ Ȍț-
ȔȈȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȗ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȍȠȤ Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȍȘȍȌ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȔ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ Ȑ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȚȈȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȖȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȖȋȖȚȊȖȘȧȍȔȖȑ
ȔȕȖȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ǷȖȓțȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȣ ȕȈ
ȕȍȉȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ǷȍȚȘȠȐȕȍ ȘțȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȖȚȧȕț-
Țȣ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȐȡȈ ȊȖ ȚȤȔȍ ȗțȚȤ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȟȍȘȚȈ ȕȈ ȔȘȈ-
ȔȖȘȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȕȍ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ Ȉ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ-
ȌțȊȈȓ ȕȐ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȖȌȍȎȌț ȕȐ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ ȇ ȚȐ-
ȝȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ș ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȚȈȓȐ ȌȣȉȖȔ ȧ țȗȈȓ
ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕțȦ ȓțȕȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ Ȑ șȒȓȖȕȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ Ȓ ȚȍȕȐ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȓ șȊȧȚȖȑ ȇ
ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȕȍȔțȦ ȗȍ-
ȟȈȓȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȇ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȖȒ-
ȕț ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ șȓȍȌȈ ȍȍ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȚȖȘȎȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ ȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȕȈȌ ȏȈșȕțȊȠȍȑ ǷȘȈȋȖȑ ȇ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȏȈșȕțȓ ȇ ȉȣȓ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȧ ȉȣȓ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕ ǸȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȧ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ Ȋ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ
Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȖȌ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋȖȔ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȇ țȠȍȓ țȊȍȘȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȎȐȊȈ Ȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈ ǵț ȟȚȖ șȒȈȎȍȠȤ Țȣ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ" Ǻȣ șȒȈȎȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȗȈȓ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
șȕȐȓȖșȤ" ǩȣȓȈ ȥȚȖ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȧ" ǵț ȕȈȟȐȕȈȑ Ȏȍ șȊȖȍ
șȚȘȖȋȖ ȕȈțȟȕȖȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ǹȒȈȎȐ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȐȕ

169
ȖȉȔȈȕ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ
— ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȥȚȖ ȊȖ
șȕȍ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȧ — ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȕȖ Ȑ ȧ
ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȕȧȎȕț ǺȍȘȍȏț — ȐȓȐ ȍȍ ȚȍȕȤ — ȕȈ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȔ Ȕȍ-
șȚȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȒȕȖȔ ǩȣȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȈ ȗȐȘțȠȒȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ țȗȈ-
ȓȈ Ȋ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȌțȝȈ ǪȐȖȓȈȕ-
ȚȈ ȍȍ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ
ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȉȣȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȓȍȌȍȕ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȖȉȓȐȎȍ
— ǹȚȈȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ Țȣ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒț
— ǬȈ ȖȕȈ ȊȖȏȕȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȓțȉȖȊȈȚȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȓțȕȕȖȔ
șȊȍȚȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȊȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȚȊȖȧ șȊȧȚȈȧ Ȉ
ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ȕȍȧșȕȖ ȖȉȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȉȈȠȕȐ Ȑ ȒțȗȖȓȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȋ
șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȖȑ Ȕȋȓȍ ȓțȕȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
ȇ ȊȌȘțȋ țȔȖȓȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ȊȕțȚȘȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȓȍș-
ȕțȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Țȣ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ" DzțȌȈ șȔȖȚȘȐȠȤ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǩȍ-
ȕȍȌȐȒȚ
— ǪȏȋȓȧȕȐ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȧ ș ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤȦ ȜȐ-
ȓȖșȖȜȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȔțȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț — Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȕȐ ȔȖȑ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ ȕȈȋȘȖȔȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȘȖȊȓȐ ǯȌȍșȤ ȖȚ
ȠȐȘȖȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚșȧ ȐȏȊȐȓȐș-
Țȣȍ ȋȘȍȉȕȐ ȒȘȣȠ ȊȗȓȖȚȤ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ȌȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ȋȌȍ ȒȕȧȎȕȈ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȎȐȓȈ ǵȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒț șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȚȘȐ ȠȈȋȈ ȗȖ
ȒȘțȚȣȔ șȒȈȚȈȔ — ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȧ — ȕȖ
ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȒȕȧȎȕȈ ǴȈȕȜȘȍȌȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȓțȕȈȚȐȒȖȔ" ǷȖȔȕȐ
ȟȚȖȐȚȣȐȧȔȣȊȐȌȍȓȐȍȍȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ—ȐȓȐȍȍȚȍȕȤ—ȊȗȖ-
ȚȖȒȈȝ ȧȘȒȖȋȖ ȓțȕȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ
Ǫ Țț Ȏȍ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȔ ȓȐȞȍ
ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȚȖ Ȏȍ
ȗȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȉȍȏȖ-
ȉȘȈȏȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȈȔ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ șȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐ-
ȕțȚț ȖȌȐȕ ȉȖȋ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȧ ȌȈȓ ȟȚȖȉ ȥȚȖ șȓȖȊȖ — ©ȓț-
ȕȈȚȐȒª — ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȍȕȖ ȇ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓ-
șȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ƕȕ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ ȥȚȐȔ ȒȘȣȠȈȔ ȌȈȎȍ ȓțȕȈ-
ȚȐȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ; ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ ǺȍȘȍȏȍ ȉȣ-

170
ȓȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ Ȑȏ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠț Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ
țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȍ ȌțȠȈ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȖșȓȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ǷȓȐ-
ȕȐȧ ǷȖȚȖȔ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȔȍȕ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȔȈȋȐȐ Ȑ șȗȐȘȐȚȐȏȔȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
țȏȕȈȚȤ ȍșȚȤ ȓȐ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȒȕȐȎȕȣȝ ȓȈȊȒȈȝ ȅȚȖȚ
ȊȖȗȘȖș șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȍȋȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȝȖ-
Țȍȓ ȉȣ ȐȔ ȏȈȕȧȚȤșȧ
ȇ țȠȍȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țșȗȖȒȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȖ ȌȖȔȈ ț Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȉȘȖȌȐȚȤ ȔȣșȓȐ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȗȘȍ-
Ȍȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȚȧȕțȓȖ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȋ ȔȖ-
ȕȈșȚȣȘȍ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ ș ȒȕȧȎȕȖȑ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟ-
ȚȐ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍȔ ǿȚȖ ȉȣ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ" ǯȈȚȍȔ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȘȈȏ-
ȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ǨȗȖȓȓȖȕȐȐ Ȑȏ ǺȐȈȕȈ Ȑ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧȝ ȚȖ ȧ
șȟȐȚȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȔ ȔȈȋȖȔ ȚȖ ȖȉȔȈȕȡȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊșȗȖȔȐ-
ȕȈȓ ȒȕȧȎȕț ǺȍȘȍȏț ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȧ ȊȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ
Ȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚț ȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȐ ȌȖȔȈ ȕȐ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȇ
ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȚțȟȈȓ Ȑ ȏȊȖȕȐȓ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ
ȝȖȌȐȓ șȍȘȌȐȚȣȑ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ǷȘȖȠȍȓ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȊȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȋȘȍ-
ȉȈ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ țȊȐȌȈȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȋȍșȍȓ ȕȖ Țȍ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ Ȗȕ șȐȌȍȓ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ
ȊȖȠȍȓ ȇ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ țșȚȈȓȣȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȓȍȋ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ șȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈșȕțȓ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȊȖ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ
ǴȍșȧȞ șȊȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȘȣȉȤȍ ȖȒȖ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȐ ȉȣȓȐ șȗțȡȍȕȣ
ȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȌȕț șȒȊȈȎȐȕț Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȓșȧ ȓțȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ Ȑ
ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȓț-
ȎȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȎȌȧ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȏ ȖȚ ȥȚȐȝ șȊȍȚȓȣȝ ȗȧ--
Țȍȕ Ȑ ȖȕȐ șȒȖȘȖ șȚȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȖȏȍȘȖȔ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȒȕȧȎȕȈ Ǻȍ-
ȘȍȏȈ Ȑ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ Ȋ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȊȣȊȍȓȖ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȗȖȓțȌȘȍȔȖȚȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȊȗȈȓ ȇ șȍȓ
ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ șȍȘȌȞȍ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖ ȉȐȓȖșȤ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȧ
ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȕȈ șȒȓȖȕȧȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȋȖ
țȌȈȘȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȘȈșșȊȍȓȖ ȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȌȍȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ
ȟȚȖ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȍȡȍ șȗȐȚ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ǬȖȔ
ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȖȚȊȖȘȍȕ Ȑ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ șȐȌȧȡȐȔ ȕȈ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȈȝ

171
ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȖȋȈ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ ǻșȓȣȝȈȊ ȔȖȐ ȠȈȋȐ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚ-
ȕȐȞȍ Ȗȕ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ — Ȑ ȧ țȎȈșȕțȓșȧ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȓȍ-
Ȍȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȌȘȖȎȈȡțȦ ȘțȒț — ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ
Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȒȖȔ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȍ
— ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȐȌȚȐ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ȏȈ șȖȊȍȚȖȔ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗ-
ȚȈȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ
ȇ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȦ
— ǸȈȌȐ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǩȖȋȈ Ǻȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ" — ȗȘȖ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ ȟțȚȤ șȓȣȠȕȖ Ƕȕ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȚȐȝȖ
ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ ©ǭȡȍ ȝțȎȍª Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȈȓȍȞ ȒȖ ȘȚț Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ
ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȊȚȈȡȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȔȈș-
ȚȍȘșȒțȦ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȘ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȒȈ Ǫ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȐȏȓȖȔȈȕȕȣȍ șȚțȓȤȧ
ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȤ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȊȖ ȊȒțșȍ Ǹȍȕȍș-
șȈȕșȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȈ Ȉ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ ș ȔȖȏȈȐȟȕȖȑ
ȘțȒȖȧȚȒȖȑ ȊȣȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȍȔȟțȋȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȗȘȐ-
Ȋȍȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ǪȍȕȍȞȐȐ șȊȍȘȒȈȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȉȍȏ ȕȖȎȍȕ ȋȌȍ-
ȚȖ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȖȒȕȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȋȈȌ
ǵȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȉȍȏ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȇ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓ ȏȈ-
ȕȈȊȍșȤ Ȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈșȚȣȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȝ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȒȕȧȎȕȈ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ ǴȈȕȜȘȍ-
ȌȐ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȔȖȕȈȠȍșȒȖȔ ȖȌȍȧȕȐȐ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ țșȚȘȍȔ-
ȓȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ țșȚȈ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ ȖȚȒȐȕțȚȖ ȊȖ-
ȓȖșȣ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ǸțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ
șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȇ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȖȒȕț șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȊȍȕȍȞȐȈȕșȒȐȑ ȒȐȕ-
ȎȈȓ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȓ ȗțȚȣ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȈ
ȔȐȕțȚț ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ȕȍ ȊȖȕȏȐȚȤ ȓȐ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ Ȋ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȋȘțȌȤ
ȐȓȐ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǪȏȌȖȝ Ȑȏ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȝ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȝ țșȚ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȔȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ǭȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ-
ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȕȖ ȍȍ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȈȔȐ șȖȉȖȑ țȗȈ-
ȓȐ ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ ȇ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ ȍȍ ȘțȒȐ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȍȌȧȕȈȧ ǵȖ-
ȋȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȚȘȧșȓȐșȤ șȐȓȣ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȐ Ȑ ȧ țȗȈȓ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȗȖșȚȍ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȓȐȞȖ ȏȈȘȣȓ Ȋ șȒȓȈȌȒȐ ȒȖȊȘȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ
ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ǺȈȒ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȧ ȌȖȓȋȖ-ȌȖȓȋȖ ȉȍȏ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ǵȈȌ
ȔȖȐȔ țȝȖȔ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋȖȓȖș ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ — ȟțȚȤ șȓȣȠȕȣȑ Ƞȍ-
ȗȖȚ
— Ǻȣ țȋȈȌȈȓ RȕD ȓțȕȈȚȐȒ ǪȟȍȘȈ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȖȕȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȐ-

172
ȠȓȈ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ȇ ȒȈȘȈțȓȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȒȈȒ țȉȐȑȞȈ ȒȈȒ ȌȐȒȐȑ
ȏȊȍȘȤ ǺȈȒȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȧ ȘȈȊȕȧȍȚșȧ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ ȇ ȗȈ-
ȌȈȓ ș ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ
ȖȚ ȈȌȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȏȊȍȘȍȔ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȔ ȇ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȧȕțȚȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȧ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓ șȊȖȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȝȘȐȗȍȕȐȍ ǶȕȈ țȓȣȉȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȠȍȗȚȈ-
ȓȈ ȔȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȕțȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Țȣ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȟȚȖ
ȧ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȇ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȍȍ Ȓ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ Ȋ
ȔȖȐȝ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ
ȇ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȔȖȐ ȏțȉȣ șȚțȟȈȓȐ
— ǴȍȘȏȈȊȍȞ — ȏȈșȒȘȍȎȍȚȈȓ ȧ ȏțȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ
ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȚ-
șȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈȏȈȌ țȊȐȌȈȊ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ
ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȔȖȑ ȕȖȎ țȗȈȓ ǯȈ ȔȕȖȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȠȍȗȖȚ
ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ
— ȅȚȐȔ ȕȖȎȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȋȣ-
ȘȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ț ȕȍȍ ȖȕȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ Ȕȣ ȉȖȘȖ-
ȓȐșȤ ȖȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȕȐȓȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȍ șȗȈșȚȐ ȧ ȍȍ șȊȧȏȈȓ
— ǹȗȈșȚȐ — ȧ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— ǿȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" — ȚȐȝȖ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȓșȧ ǩȍ-
ȕȍȌȐȒȚ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȧ ș ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍȔ țȕȐȟȚȖ-
Ȏȍȕȕȣȍ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȒȕȧȎȕȈ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ șȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȉțȌț ȍȍ ȗȖȓțȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȉȓțȎȌȈȓ ȗȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ǵȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ țȓȣȉȈ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȖȕ ȊȍșȍȓȣȔ ȟȐȘȐȒȈȕȤȍȔ ȊȖȘȖȉȤȍȊ DzȈ-
ȒȐȔ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȠȍ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ! ȇ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȎȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȖșȕțșȤ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȕț-
ȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȕȈ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțșȤ Ȓ ȗȖȊșȍȌȕȍȊȕȖȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
DzȕȧȎȕȈ ǴȈȕȜȘȍȌȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȈȓȈșȤ ȉȍȏ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ǪȌȘțȋ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȍ ȉȓȍȌ-
ȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ǶȕȈ ȏȈ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ șȈȔȈ ș șȖȉȖȑ
— ȇ ȍȡȍ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȓțȕȈȚȐȒ ȇ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ
ȐȏȓȍȟȐȓȈșȤ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌțȔȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ
Ȕȣ ȖȠȐȉȈȓȐșȤ DzȈȒ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ ȧșȕȖ — Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌȠȍȍ
șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ǩȘȖșȤȚȍ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȈ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ

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ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȕȍȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ Ȗ ȕȍȔ — ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȗȈȓȍȞ Ȑ țȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ — ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȔȖȧ ȌțȠȈ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȈ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȍ
ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȚȞȖȊșȒȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȔȖȐ
ȕȖȋȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ șȦȌȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ ȧș-
ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȋșȍ Ȋșȍ
ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȍ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ ȕȖ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ
ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ șȓȈȌȒȖȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȉȓȐ-
Ȏȍ
— ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Țȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖșȚȐȓȈ Ǻȍ-
ȘȍȏȈ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ
ǺȍȘȍȏȈ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ
— ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȍȡȍ
ȉȓȐȎȍ ȖȕȈ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ș ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ
ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȉȐȓȖșȤ
șȍȘȌȞȍ ȖȕȈ ȐșȒȈȓȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ țȉȍȎȐȡȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȚȐȟȒȈ ȗȘȍșȓȍ-
ȌțȍȔȈȧ ȏȔȍȍȑ ǻȎȈș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌ-
Ȟȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȋ ȚȐșȒȈȝ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ Ȑ țșȚțȗȐȓ ȔȍșȚȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȎȈ-
ȓȖșȚȐ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȍ șȓȍȏȣ ȒȈȗȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȖȗȖȏȖ-
Șȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȟȐșȚȣȑ ȍȍ ȓȖȉ ǶȕȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȥȚȖ Ȑ
ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȐ ȗȖȓțȌȍȚșȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ țȓȣȉ-
ȒȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȐ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȓȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȍȍ ȋțȉ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ
ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
— ǶȚȊȍȌȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȊȍȌȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȣȔ ȌȍȚșȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǵȖ ȒțȌȈ ȒțȌȈ" — șȖ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ
— Ǫ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȑ ȊșȍȔ ȍȍ șțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖȔ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȧ ǶȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȖȟȚȐ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȏȊțȟȈȓ ȧșȕȖ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȟțȎȌȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓȈ — ȇ ȗȖȒȈȦșȤ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ
ȟȚȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȧ-
ȎțȚ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ Ȓ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȏȈȗȘțȚ Ȋ ȒȍȓȤȍ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ țȉȤȦȚ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ș ȗȖȏȖȘȖȔ ȊȣȋȖȕȧȚ ǰȝ ȌȍȓȖ — ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȉ ȔȖȍ — ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ȕȐșȗȖȠȓȍȚ Ȕȕȍ.
ȇ — ȊȍȡȤ ȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ ȍȌȐȕȖ. ǷȘȖȠț
ȊȈș ȖȚȊȍȌȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȍȑ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ
ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ" ȇ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ ȐȡȈ ȟȍȋȖ-

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ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȟȍȔ ȉȣ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȔȖ-
ȕȈȠȍșȒțȦ ȖȌȍȎȌț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ
țȓȐȞȍ Ǫ țȋȓț ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȊȐșȍȓ ȘȖȌ ȗȓȈȡȈ ș ȒȈȗȦȠȖȕȖȔ
ǪȐȖȓȈȕȚȈ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȈ șȦȌȈ Ȑ ȏȈȉȣȓȈ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȗȖ-
ȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȑȡț Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȗȓȈȡ Ȗȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȒȕȧȎ-
ȕȍ ǶȕȈ ȋȓțȝȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȇ șȈȔ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȍȑ ȗȓȈȡ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒțȦ ȧ
ȌȍȓȈȦ ȗȘȖȜȈȕȈȞȐȦ ȕȈȌȍȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȕȈȘȧȌ-
ȕȣȍ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȍ ȓȖșȒțȚȤȧ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȕȐȞȣ. ȇ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȍȑ ȘțȒț ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȖȗȍȘȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȓȈ
ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈ șȚȍȕț Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȠȈȚȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȑȏ ȔȈș-
ȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȗȖ ȌȊȖȘț ȗȖȘȖșȠȍȔț ȚȘȈȊȖȑ ǩȍȕȍ-
ȌȐȒȚ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȈș șȊȍȘȝț
ǺȍȘȍȏȈ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȕȐ
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȖȚ ȔȖ-
ȕȈșȚȣȘȧ ȊȌȘțȋ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ
ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȓȐ ȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ Ȍȓȧ
Ȍȓȧ — ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
— ǰȔȍȓȖ ȉȣ — ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ Ȑ Ȋ Țț Ȏȍ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȕȣ
ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȜȖȘȚȖȟȒȍ ȇ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ
— ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȑ țȗȈȓȈ ȉȍȏ ȟțȊșȚȊ ȕȈ
ȗȖȘȖȋ ȇ țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȜȖȘȚȖȟȒȈ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȎȍȕșȒȈȧ ȜȐ-
ȋțȘȈ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒȍ ȕȈȌ ȉȍșȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ǺȍȘȍȏȖȑ
ȇ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȎȌȈȓ Ȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȤȍ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ-
ȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ țȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑȏ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȤ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȈȥșȚȘȖ
ȒȈȒ ȧ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȟȚȖ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȟȚȖ ȒȕȧȎ-
ȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȗȖȒȈȧȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȍȦ
ȉȣȓȖ — Ȋșȍ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ǵȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ țȚȘȖȔ
ȕȈș țȌȐȊȐȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȒȓȍȘȐȒȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ Ȗ
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȕȧȎȕȈ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ ǴȈȕȜȘȍȌȐ șȖȒȘȈȚȐȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȐșȒțșȈ
Ȑ ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌțȍȚ ȍȍ ȗȖșȚȘȐȎȍȕȐȍ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȚȘȍȔȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȔȐȘț ȗȖȏȕȈȊȠȐ ȚȡȍȚț șȊȍȚȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȍȋȖ
ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ ȅȚȈ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȈȧ ȜȘȈȏȈ ȚȘȖȕțȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ȟȍȔ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚȘȈȋȍȌȐȧ ȅșȝȐȓȈ ȇ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒ-
Țț ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȕȣ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȈȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐșȤ Ǵȣ ȕȐ-

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ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȐ Ȑ ȐȔȧ
ȒȕȧȎȕȣ ǴȈȕȜȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈȔȐ ǩȍȕȍ-
ȌȐȒȚ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț șȊȧȚȖȑ ǺȍȘȍȏȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȖ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ
ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȊȖȏȔȖȋȈȓȖ Ȗȕ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓ ȌȘțȋțȦ
țȎȈșȕțȦ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȍȕȕțȦ ǶȕȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȓȈ ȔȖȕȈ-
ȝȐȕȦ ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕȕțȦ Ȋ ȕȍȔȖȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȋ
ȒȍȓȤȍ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ș ȝȖȝȖȚȖȔ țȉȍȋȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȋȘțȉȣȑ ȊȖȐȕ ǿȍ-
Șȍȏ ȖȒȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȌȣȔ ȗȣȓȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ ț ȊȖȐȕȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȓȐȞȖ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ Ȉ ț ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȐ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȓțȉȍȏțȔ-
ȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȒȕȧȎȕȣ ǴȈȕȜȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȧ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ șȐȌȍȓ ț ȖȒȕȈ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ Ǵȣ Ȋ
ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȒȕȧȎȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ șȓț-
ȟȈȧ Ǵȣ ȖȉȈ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȐ Ȑ șȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȒȖșȚȍȓ ǪȐȌȍȚȤ
ȍȍ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȔ ȖȉȖȐȔ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖ-
ȌȐȔȖ ȒȈȒ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
ǯȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈșȚȈȓ ǪȝȖȌ Ȋ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȗȖ ȉȐȓȍȚȈȔ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȌȖșȚȈȓ Ȑȝ Ǫ ȒȖșȚȍȓȍ
ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ șȉȖȘȍ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȍ ȓțȟȠȍȍ ȗȘȈȎșȒȖȍ Ȗȉȡȍ-
șȚȊȖ ȧ Ȑ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȌȕȐ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȗȓȍȉȍȐ Ǵȣ șȚȈȓȐ
Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȈș ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȐȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȈȓȚȈȘȧ
ǵȍ ȚȘȍȉțȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ Țȍȉȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȖȗȐșȈȓ. ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ șȕȖȊȐȌȍȕȤȍ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȕȧȎȕț ǺȍȘȍȏț ǴȈȕ-
ȜȘȍȌȐ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȔ ȖȌȍȧȕȐȐ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȍȔ
ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȔȐ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ-
ȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȍ șȍȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖȌ ȓțȕȖȑ ȗȖ Ȕȍȟ-
ȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȕȐ ș ȟȍȔ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȚțȔȈȕ șȊȖȐȝ șȓȍȏ ȇ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȍȍ ȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ — ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ ȕȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ ȕȐ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȖ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȕȈ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȝ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȈȌȒțȦ ȔțȏȣȒț ȍȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȖȕȈ
șȓȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓȈ ǷȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȥȚȖȚ ȧșȕȣȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȣȑ
ȋȖȓȖș ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ
Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȍȍ Ȋșȍ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ
șȎȐȔȈȍȚ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖȍ ȟȚȖ
ȖȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈș-

176
ȚȈȓ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȖȉȘȧȌț ȓȍȋȓȈ ȕȈ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȦ Ȑ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ ș ȗȖȒȘȖȊȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȤ ǭȑ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȑ Ȉ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ
— ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȊșȍȋȖ
ȖȉȘȧȌȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏ
ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ șȚȣȌȈ ǶȕȈ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ țȊȐȌȈȓȈ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȧ,
ȋȌȍ ȍȋȖ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ǭȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȣ Ȑ
ȖȕȐ ȊȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ȖȗȐȘȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏ
șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȗ șȚȍȕț DzȕȧȎȕȍ ǺȍȘȍȏȍ țȎȍ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ
Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȗȚȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȈ
ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȍȍ ȋȘțȌȤ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȍȘȖȔ ȋȓȈȏț ȉȓȍșȕțȓȈ
ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ șȓȍȏȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ț ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ
ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ǻ ȈȓȚȈȘȧ șȚȈȓȐ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȣ ȗȖȒȘȖȊ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ.
ǶȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȍȎȈȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȚȘȍȉȖ-
ȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖȉȘȧȌȖȔ ȕȖ ȗȖȒȘȖȊ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȚțȌȈ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȘțȒȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȈȧ ȚȒȈȕȤ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȑ ȕȖ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ șȒȓȈ-
ȌȖȒ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȓȈȉȖȍ ȝȘȐȗȍȕȐȍ
Ǫ ȒȖșȚȍȓȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȠțȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȐ ȔțȎ-
ȟȐȕȣ șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ț ȈȓȚȈȘȧ Ȋșȍ ȠȓȖ ȗȖ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȤȦ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ ȚȐȝȖ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ Ȉ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ǺȍȘȍȏȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊșȚȈȚȤ —
ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȠȍȓȖȝȕțȓȈșȤ ǸȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȌȈȔ ȗȖȌȈȓȈ
șȊȖȑ ȜȓȈȒȖȕ ǷȖȌȕȧȓȐ ǺȍȘȍȏț ȊȖȒȘțȋ țșȐȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȠțȔ ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȜȍȠȍȕȍȉȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȘȈȟ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȚțȚ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȘțȒț
— ǶȕȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț
Ǩ șȓȍȏȈ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȋȈșȠȍȔ șȍȘȖȔ ȋȓȈȏț
ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ș ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȖȔ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ƕȕ
ȌȖȓȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȓȍȕ. ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȖȑȌȍȚ ș țȔȈ ǭȋȖ ȌȕȍȔ Ȑ
ȕȖȟȤȦ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȐ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȍ ȖȚȟȈȧ-
ȕȐȍ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȍȉȍ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ǺȍȘȍȏț ȒȈȒ șȊȧȏȈȕ-
ȕȖȑ ș ȗȖȓțȉȍȏțȔȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȏȈ
ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȤȦ ǭȋȖ șȐȓȣ ȕȈȌȓȖȔȓȍȕȣ ǪȘȈȟ șȖȊȍȚțȍȚ ȍȔț ȗȍȘȍ-
Ȕȍȕț ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȕȈ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȓȐȧ-
ȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȕȈȠ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȈȥșȚȘȖ Ǻȣ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȖȋȖȕȐȠȤ ȅȊ-
ȔȍȕȐȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȒȐȌȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉ-
ȕȖ ȠȐȗȧȡȐȔ ȏȔȍȧȔ Ƕȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȗȖȍȝȈȚȤ Ȓ Țȍ-

ȉȍ Ȋ ǷȈșșȐ Ǵȕȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊȣȊȍșȚȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȑ
șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȓȍȚȈȘȋȐȐ
— ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȉȣ ȧ Ȋȏȧȓ șȐȓ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȔȖȍȔț
ȌȖȘȖȋȖȔț ȔȈȥșȚȘȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌȠȍȍ" ǸȈșșȒȈȎȐ ȍȔț Ȋșȍ Ȋșȍ
ȕȍ ȡȈȌȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȈȗȐȠȐ ȍȔț ȊșȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț
ǰ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȚȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖ-
Ȕț ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ ȒȕȧȎȕȍ ǴȈȕȜȘȍȌȐ ȇ
ȗȖȍȌț ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȕțȎȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȖȉșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȒȐ Ȕȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ǯȈȉȣȚȤ DzȈȒȖȍ ȥȚȖ ȗțșȚȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ
Ƕ ȔȈȥșȚȘȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ ȔȈȥșȚȘȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ-
șȧ Țȍȉȍ ȊȍȌȤ Țȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ șȈȔ țȎȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ" ǰ ȧ ȓȦ-
ȉȐȓ ȥȚț ȎȍȕȡȐȕț

ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ
ǷȖȊȍșȚȤ ©ǬȖȔ ȗȖȌ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑª ȉȣȓȈ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈ-
ȕȈ Ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ ©.YČW\ª Ȋ  ȋ ǷȍȘȊȖȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȊȣȠȓȖ Ȋ
 ȋ ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȐȏȌ ǯȍȑȍȘ Ȇ ǬȖȔ ȗȖȌ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑ
ǷȍȘ ș ȟȍȠșȒ Ǫȓ dzȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ǹǷǩ Dzȕ-ȊȖ ©ǴȐȘª Ǫ dz ǩȖȋțȠȍȊșȒȖȋȖ
[1909].
ǵȖȊȍȓȓȣ ©Inultus: ǷȘȈȎșȒȈȧ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈª Ȑ ©ǺȍȘȍȏȈ ǴȈȕȜȘȍȌȐª ȗțȉȓȐ-
ȒțȦȚșȧ ȗȖ ȐȏȌ ǯȍȑȍȘ Ȇ ǯȈ ȘȖȌȐȕț Inultus
 ǺȍȘȍȏȈ ǴȈȕȜȘȍȌȐ ǹ
ȟȍȠșȒ ǷȍȘ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓ Ȑ ȉȐȖȋȘ Ǫ Ƿ ǫȓȍȉȖȊȖȑ Ƿȋ  ǵȈȔȐ ȊȖș-
șȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȖ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȍ ȏȈȋȓȈȊȐȍ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȣ ©Inultusª ȊȖȠȍȌȠȍȑ Ȋ ȞȐȒȓ
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ȗȖȓȕȍȕȈ Dz ǩȖțȌȈ
Ǫșȍ ȚȍȒșȚȣ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȖȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ ǷțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐ-
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ȓȍȎȈȚ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȦ
Ǫ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȉȓȖȎȒȐ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕ ȥȒșȐȏ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȐ Ȓ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ
ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȇ DzȖȕțȗȍȒȈ ǵȈ ȜȘȖȕȚȐșȗȐșȍ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ Ȇ ǯȍȑȍȘȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȇ
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